around the
NATIONAL
CAPITAL
py Carter Field ^
Washington. — Far more illum
inating in appraising what is going
on in Japan than the spectacular
cabinet resignations and the bid of
the army for power was an im
mediately preceding action — the
licensing of exchange.
The mere words "international
exchange” tend to drive the reader
to another column, which explains
why so little space was given to
this tremendously important devel
opment. But what happened in Ja
pan showed beyond question that
the island empire is in serious eco
nomic trouble, trouble comparable,
among the larger nations, only with
that of Germany, and with the same
reasons underlying it in part.
Which becomes curious when it is
remembered that in much of the
talk about the coming World war
Germany and Japan are linked as
allies.
What Japan did, in effect, was
to say that except for very small
transactions no one could import
anything into Japan without the
specific detailed approval for that
transaction of the government.
This kind of action is taken by
nations only for one reason—they
are having difficulties getting the
money to pay for things the govern
ment considers they must have.
Hence they decide to limit their
purchases abroad in every other
line.
Japan must keep on buying war
munitions and war supplies, she
feels. Obviously she must also keep
on buying raw materials. Her fac
tories must keep on working so as
to provide the exports to pay for
the war supplies. There is also the
question of tax revenue for the gov
ernment, but that can be brushed
arlde. Governments long since dis
covered that they can put off that
evil day by forced loans—or b y
printing press money—as long as
they can hold off a breakdown in
confidence inside their own coun>
tries.
Old Axiom True
But that never did go for dealing
with the rest of the world, and both
Germany and Japan—and for that
matter Italy during the Ethiopian
business—discovered that the o 1 d
axiom is still true.
Foreigners must be paid for im
ports in something. Normally it is
goods or services. Occasionally, for
brief periods, they can be paid in
gold. Japan has no gold to spare so
it comes back to goods and services.
Her need for greater exports, with
which to pay for war supplies, has
been frantic for several years now.
It is the underlying cause of her
ruthless trade war, her slashing of
prices for cotton textiles. It is also
the explanation of why she is such
a good customer of the United
States, if one considers only trade
total figures. She has to buy here
much of the cotton she processes
and then sells in competition with
American and British textile mills.
Which is another reason why the
textile industry of the United States
continues to remain near the bottom
of the class both in profits and
wages, in long hours for adults and
in employment of children.
But even that foreign selling cam
paign is not enough. Her govern
ment has found that she must im
port less non-war materials if she
is to go on buying the umount of war
materials her army thinks neces
sary.
So now, under the new orders,
no one can import anything into
Japan without the purchase being
approved. The order is not worded
in that way, but that is what it
amounts to. The order merely pre
vents any one from buying foreign
exchange in excess of a small
amount without specific approval.
It foreshadows a very consider
able tightening of the belts foi the
Japanese people. The next step ex
pected is a further reduction in the
value of the yen, which will oper
ate in the long run to reduce the pay
of every Japanese worker. Either
from the economic standpoint, or
that of world peace, it is not a pleas
ant prospect
Wall Street Relieved
Wall street’s reaction to President
Roosevelt's inaugural address sur
prised New Dealers no little. They
thought the speech was a very clear
warning that the old order had gone
lorever, and that the revamping of
our entire economic structure had
just begun.
But Wall street had been expect
ing drastic, specific proposals. It
did not find them in the President’s
discussion and was tremendously
relieved. True, at the moment most
of the news of a business nature
was good.
Actually, no one on the inside,
as pointed out in these dispatches
weeks ago, looked for any clear-cut
agenda, or for that matter an
agenda of any sort, outlining legis
lation for the coming session. It
was not on the cards, and for a very
simple reason. The President did
not know then, and does not know
yet, precisely what he will do.
But the inaugural address showed
very clearly indeed the general na
ture of what he wants to do, and
that outline should not. New Deal
ers are saying privately, have given
any such comfort to the stock mar
ket traders as they apparently drew
from it.
Let's look at a few of these funda
mentals In the first place, the Pres
ident made it abundantly clear that
he believes the federal government
can and will do everything that is
necessary to bring about the eco
nomic reforms he has in mind, and
do them without any change in the
Constitution.
Planned Economy
What are those reforms? The
same old one—no speculative prof
its, much smaller profits of any
kind, higher wages, shorter hours,
no more piling up of surpluses by
corporations, no more waste in over
expansion of productive plants by
private business—in short—planned
economy under government direc
tion.
“We have always known,” said
the President, “that heedless self
interest was bad morals; we know
now that it is bad economics.”
And then:
“This new understanding under
mines the old admiration of worldly
success as such.”
Wherein he raps squarely in the
face the old Horatio Alger, Jr.,
philosophy on which most of our
present economic royalists were
weaned.
Even more menacing is a line in
a following paragraph: “There can
be no era of good feeling save
among men of good will.”
Hull’s Wisdom
Temporarily, for the purpose of
getting speedy action, Secretary of
State Cordell Hull showed great
wisdom in making his plea for con
tinuance of the President’s power
to negotiate reciprocal trade treat
ies strictly on a world peace idea.
Mr. Hull became quite peeved at
ily-specking when objecting minority
members asked about details—
whether imports were *iOt increased
more than exports—in ihort whether
Uncle Sam was not getting "gyped”
as a net result of the operation of
the treaties.
In the long run—though perhaps
not until the glamor of President
Roosevelt’s re-election majority has
worn considerably thinner—there is
plenty of trouble in store for the
Hull policy. During the recent cam
paign there were many indications
that farmers did not like the treat
ies. Moreover, the reaction against
any specific treaty is apt to be con
centrated in definitely defined areas,
with the result that the political
pressure on the senators or repre
sentatives from those areas may
easily be sufficient to make them
risk White House displeasure.
In fact, the theory is as old as
the tariff, which Grover Cleveland
said was a local issue. For the recip
rocal trade agreement policy is the
tariff and nothing else. The chief
difference politically is that granting
the power to the President removes
it just a little further from the direct
local influences which were always
so strong when a new tarill law
was being framed.
There is just one addition to this—
the very point on which Mr. Hull
placed so much emphasis. That is
the contention that this treaty-mak
ing power tends to world peace—
tends to eliminate the causes cf
war—which almost every one con
cedes now are more concerned with
economics than anything else.
Peace Chief Interest
At the present moment there Is
little doubt that the country as a
whole is more interested in peace
than almost any other question.
There has never, in fact, been so
much evidence of how the coun
try felt on an issue. Senator Ben
nett Champ Clark of Missouri and
many others think the country would
b willing to make almost any eco
nomic sacrifice—be willing to forego
not only profits but employment and
wages—to make sure that the Unit
ed States should not become in
volved in war.
So that for the time being Mr. Hull
is very shrewd in making the peace
appeal to the whole country, and
thus short circuiting the mass of
complaints about details in the work
ing of the new reciprocal treaties
which is flooding senators and rep
resentatives from various sections
of the country.
Mr. Hull of course believes in
his plan economically as well as
from the standpoint of preserving
peace. He is not for the reciprocal
treaties merely because they pro
duce good will, and afford other
countries markets for their exports,
and encourage American exports—
thus eliminating part of the eco
nomic pressure that tends to pro
duce war. He is for the reciprocal
trade agreements on their intrinsic
value.
At heart Mr. Hull has always been
a strict tariff for revenue only man.
He agrees with the old Democratic
doctrine—a doctrine which was up
permost in the presidential cam
paigns of the last decade of the
last century. He believes in buying
from nations which can pro
duce more cheaply than can
the United States, and selling
products which this country can
produce more cheaply than oth
er nations. He believes that such
a course makes for more perma
nent prosperity than the old Repub
lican protection doctrine. He does
not think the American standard of
living needs what he regards as
this artificial, hothouse nurturing
doctrine. But as Secretary of State
he is of course intluenced tremen
dously by the comity of nations
idea as well.
C Bell Syndicate.—WNU Ser'V've.
!
Scenes in I
FEZ WW
Dickering for Wool in a Fez Market.
Prepared by National Geographic Society.
Waahington, D. C.—WNU Service.
YOU may stroll through the
narrow lanes of Canton, the
broad streets of Peiping, the
bazaars of Cairo and Stam
boul, the climbing alleys of Algiers,
and the vaulted souks of Tunis; but
Fez, Morocco, so near to the At
lantic ocean, no doubt will seem to
you the most oriental city of them
all.
A few years ago, it would sur
prise a visitor to see any but Moor,
Jew, or Negro in the crowded souks
of Fez. To discover a French officer
was a novelty. And it was stranger
still to behold a well-dressed Eu
ropean girl standing before a silk
merchant’s booth calmly feeling a
length of shining material between
finger and thumb.
But now, sightseers are not so
rare. Alien women wander safely
through the dim and crowded al
leys of Fez, where, two dozen years
ago, France's sons — officers, sol
diers, and civilians — were cruelly
massacred. Yet this change has
been achieved without harshness or
injustice to the native inhabitants.
Their prejudices are deferred to,
their religion and customs not in
terfered with. No Christians may
enter their mosques. No sight-seeing
European is allowed to visit their
beautiful theological colleges, by the
resident general’s orders, because
of some visitors’ irreverent behav
ior.
There are the shops of the sellers
of gold-embroidered belts for wom
en—beautiful girdles, two or three
inches broad, of padded velvet heav
ily worked in gold wire. There are
the venders of leather articles—
large, square, red bags with rings
by which tney are slung like satch
els over the shoulders; long fringed
bags stamped in quaint designs or
worked with colored thread; purses,
notecases, triple-folding and adorned
with cut-out designs on a colored
background. Most of these leather
articles smell like polecats!
Buying Heelless Slippers.
In the Street of the Slipper Sellers
are stacked columns of heelless ba
bouches, some with fronts beauti
fully ornamented with gold, silver,
or silk embroidery; others just
plain yellow leather down-at-heel
slippers. This Eastern footgear is so
speedily worn out that the trade in
it should be lucrative. You may
chance upon a wild rush of men
crowding about some shops, clam
orous and holding out eager hands
to snatch at long lengths of ba
boushes thrust one within another.
Then you will see them scurrying
from these wholesale establish
ments, for such these booths are, to
the shops of the retail merchants.
One rushes up to the grave,
bearded vender sitting cross-legged
on his counter-shop tloor, and thrusts
a yard of yellow slippers at him.
The retail man looks at them lan
guidly, shakes his head, and the
middleman hurries on to the next,
to be succeeded by another and
another until the squatting figure
in the square pigeonhole makes his
purchase to replenish his stock.
Such a scene, and an excited
mob of women at an open-air auc
tion of wool mattresses screaming
out offers, are the two most animat
ed glimpses of native life that the
souks can give.
The Street of the Coppersmiths
resounds with the musical clang of
their hammers on the rounded pots.
The Street of the Silk Sellers glows
with color. The Street of the Brass
Workers shines with the golden
brightness of the artistically shaped
vessels, huge kettles, the stemmed
banqueting dishes with their tall
conical covers, and the hanging
lamps with colored glass sides.
Then there is the Street of the
Dyers. Half - naked figures, faces,
arms, and bodies stained all colors,
stir big earthenware pots of bright
hued liquids, dip into them or haul
out cloths, masses of silk thread,
or lengths of flimsy material.
The camera rarely can help the
pen in depicting the quaint native
life in the souks, so gloomy are they
under the shading mattings over
head, so incessant the coming and
going of the passing throngs that
will not halt their hurrying steps.
Beautiful Mosque
There are things of greater mo
ment in Fez than the varied crowds
and the fascinating souks. A sudden
turn in a narrow covered lane, and
you see a wide-open arched door
that gives a view into a marvelous
mosque, the Karouiine. A vestibule
glowing with bright-tiled walls and
door, a broad, central, tiled court,
a graceful fountain spouting water,
a forest of carved pnlars—270 of
them—with their long vistas show
ing masses of white and black.
There white - robed men kneel,
swaying forward and back togeth
er. bending until their foreheads
touch the tiled pavement, rising to
their feet, bowing, sinking to their
knees again, prostrating themselves
with faces to the ground—all in per
fect unison. And never a sound!
Picture the scene on a Friday when
fifteen or twenty thousand Moslem
men fill this great mosque.
Women are not admitted, except
into a corner of it. But you will
see them come to the gateways—
there are fourteen of these—and,
putting their heads timidly just in
side, kiss the lintels of the open
doors.
The Karouiine mosque was begun
in the Ninth century and finished
in the Eleventh; but successive sul
tans further embellished it. One of
its gates, covered with bronze orna
ments, dates from 1136. Besides
serving as a place of worship, it is
the seat of the Fez Mohammedan
university, to which hundreds of stu
dents from all parts of Morocco
flock to study theology, grammar,
Moslem law and jurisprudence from
its renowned professors.
There are many other mosques in
Fez, but none can compare with
this, the largest in Africa.
Madrasahs, ecclesiastical col
leges, and Zaouias, seats of reli
gious confraternities, abound. The
former are generally housed in
beautiful buildings. The bronze
gates and th? tiled halls and courts
are all that can be seen by the
Infidel now, unless he be highly
favored.
The many fondufcs dotted about
the capital, like the caravansaries
of farther East, are the oriental
equivalents of our hotels. Many are
architecturally fine and date back
hundreds of years.
Only Hotels Are Fonduks.
You enter one through a massive
gateway leading into a square court
yard surrounded by two or three
storied buildings. On the ground
floor are lock-up shops in which
the traveling merchant can display
and sell the goods he has brought,
perhaps from distant lands. Carved
wood galleries run round the upper
stories and off them open rooms in
which the wayfarer can lodge until
he has sold off his stock or finished
his business and is ready for the
road again. No food is supplied.
The common fonduk has stables
on the ground floor or else the trav
elers’ horses, mules, camels, and
donkeys are picketed round the
court, making the place noisome
with stench.
A curious relic of the past is to
be seen on the front of one of the
houses in the Tala Souk. From the
ornamented plaster and wood facade
jut out thirteen carved wooden
beams; on the end of each rests
a large green bronze flattened bowl
or gong. Above each is a narrow
window in alignment. All these are
supposed to have formed part of a
timepiece constructed in 1357 and
are called in consequence ‘‘the
Clock of Bou Inania.”
Through Fez rushes tumultuously
the little River Fez. You will cross
it over one bridge in the heart of
the city without noticing it; for the
bridge is lined with shops and seems
just part of an ordinary souk. For
a space the stream runs swift in
a deep chasm of blank-walled
houses. From the garden of one a
solitary date palm rises, sharply
outlined against the sky.
Plenty of Water There.
The city seems well supplied with
water, which rushes noisily under
ground down the steep slopes; and
you wonder how the water carriers
do such a good trade with their
skin bags and the two bright brass
cups linked by a chain tc their belts.
For all day long you see them giv
ing drink to the pigeonhole shop
keepers and the passers-by.
In a little recess in the wall be
side the door of a dentist’s house
(you cannot fail to recognize the
abode of an Arab tooth-drawer, for
he displays a small glass case tilled
with molars and grinders that he has
pulled) a column of clear water
bubbles up fiercely like a geyser.
It gushes out of the spouts of the
tiled wall fountains; sparkling jets
shoot up in the marble basins in
the courts of the mosques; it flows
freely into the rectangular stone
bathr at the doors of the sacred
buildings where the Faithful per
form their ablutions before entering
to pray.
HOj^RE
/DR. JAMES W. BARTON
T*lk$ About 4^
Proteins in Reducing Diet
ONE of the things the overweight
individual cannot understand is
why he or she is not permitted to
eat food in proportion to their size
and weight. They notice that those
weighing many pounds less are per
mitted to eat as much or even more
food. What they fail to understand
is that those of normal weight have
really as much ac
tive tissue on their
bodies as have those
who are overweight.
The whole point is
that fat tissue is not
an active tissue and
doesn’t have to be
kept up, or built up,
as have the active
tissues of the body
such as muscle.
The amount of
Dr. Barton food that should
really be eaten is
the amount the individual needs for
his proper or normal weight, not
what he or she weighs at present
with many pounds of fat stored in
and on the body.
The second point the overweight
individual must remember is that
while all foods stimulate action of
the tissues in the body, there are
some foods that have more stimu
lating power, make the processes
and tissues work faster and thus
create more heat.
Thus, fat foods are the richest
form of food in that one gram of
fat—butter, cream, fat meats—will
supply 9 calories (heat units)
whereas proteins—meat, eggs, fish
—and carbohydrates—bread, pota
toes, sugar—supply only 4 calories
for each gram. Fat foods from the
heat standpoint therefore are more
than twice as valuable as proteins
and carbohydrates (starches).
Thus from the fuel or food stand
point—giving energy to the body
and storing away excess fuel or food
as fat—the starch and fat foods
(while valuable to the thin individ
ual or the one of average weight)
should be cut down in those who
are overweight because they store
away excess food as fat on the
body.
Proteids Don’t Store Fat.
Now while proteids—meat, eggs,
fish—are the foods that repair worn
and make new tissue, they can like
wise supply energy to a great ex
tent and do not store fat. (Perhaps
if fat meat, fat fish, and egg yolks
were eaten to excess, some fat
would be stored).
This is the main reason then that
in all reducing diets the proteid
foods are not reduced; they keep
the body cells repaired, build new
ones, and give energy. They pre
vent to some extent that weak feel
ing that is felt by overweights us
ing a reducing diet.
However there is another point
about the proteid foods that is some
times forgotten and that is the
great stimulus they give to the ac
tivity of the tissues. The very tak
ing of the food itself raises the ener
gy output, or the amount of energy,
but some foods give greater stim
ulus than others.
Fats and starch foods are like
hard coal or wood—good heat pro
ducers—and proteid foods are like
coal oil, kindling or coke which
burn up fiercely, not only burning
themselves but burning up other
fuels more quickly also.
Thus the rise in metabolism—rate
at which the body processes work—
after eating carbohydrate or starch
food is only 6 per cent of the total
fuel value of the food eaten (106
calories for every 100 calories of
starch food eaten); the increase
caused by fat is only 14 per cent of
the total (114 calories for every 100
calories eaten); but the rise in met
abolism after eating 100 calories
of protein is much greater, amount
ing to 40 per cent or 140 calories
of energy output.
* * *
Vincent’s Infection.
A common infection of the mouth
that attacked all the armies en
gaged in the World war is known
as Vincent’s infection. It attacks
the mucous membrane of the gums
and lining of the mouth, causing ul
ceration and decay (sloughing),
some of the gum which covers the
teeth being lost.
The breath has a very bad odor
which is characteristic of Vincent's
infection.
These symptoms come on sudden
ly and are often accompanied by a
metallic taste, increased flow of
saliva (the digestive juice of the
mouth), swelling of the glands in
the neck, a tired feeling, rise in
temperature, and mental depres
sion.
Some physicians believe the
symptoms are due to lack of vita
mins and prescribe green vege
tables, oranges and lemons.
Many mouth washes have been
recommended, containing antisep
tics to kill the organisms respon
sible for the destruction of the
mouth tissue. Hydrogen peroxide
diluted with equal parts of water
has proved very effective, as are
freshly prepared sodium perbolate
solutions, both of which are rec
ommended by Conrad F. Hellwege,
D. D. S., Philadelphia. Both prep
arations clear away the gray or
yellow membrane, remove the odor,
and destroy the organisms caus
ing the disease.
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
Simplicity That Intrigues
1223
I22M
TPHIS is the problem: Sister
-*■ wants to entertain the Girl
Scouts, it’s Jule’s turn to have the
Bid-or-Bi club and Rose insists
she can’t put off the Laff-a-Lots
a minute longer. And each o f
them has just finished a new dress
and is anxious to wear it for the
occasion.
Sister’s Choice.
Sister’s bit of intrigue is, as
ybu can see, a dress worth want
ing to show off (Pattern 1223).
It is made ol velveteen this time
and a little later on she’- going to
blossom out in a bright crisp ging
ham version for school. The smart
collar, flattering flared skirt and
puff sleeves are good reasons for
this frock’s popularity. It comes
in sizes 6 to 14 years. Size 8 re
quires 2Vg yards of 39 inch ma
terial.
Jule’s Entertaining Diess.
Jule knows a neat trick when
she sees one whether on the table
or in a page of fashions, and she
didn’t miscue in choosing Pattern
1998. She’ll wear this snappy
shirt frock when she’s “it” to
entertain and because she chose
broadcloth it will look more trig
and lovely after each washing.
The diagram shows why a few
hours is all that’s needed to sew
this grand number. You may have
it in sizes 34 to 46. Size 36 requires
4% yards of 35 inch material.
With long sleeves 4% yards.
It Was Easy, Says Rose.
They didn’t believe Rose when
she said she made this startlingly
pretty dress (Pattern 1224). She
did though, even the buttonholes!
However the same stunning effect
can be had by sewing the buttons
on for trimming only. The ele
gance of the princess-like lines,
the eclat of the heart shaped
sleeves and withal its ease of
construction make the question
read “How can I help but make
this dress?” It is available in
sizes 12 to 20 (30 to 40 bust).
Size 14 requires 4% yards of 39
inch material, plus % yard con
trasting. With long sleeves 4%
yards required.
New Pattern Book.
Send for the Barbara Bell
Spring and Summer Pattern Book.
Make yourself attractive, practi
cal and becoming clothes, select
ing designs from the Barbara Bell
well - planned, easy-to-make pat
terns. Interesting and exclusive
fashions for little children and the
difficult junior age; slenderizing,
well-cut patterns for the mature
figure; afternoon dresses for the
most particular young women and
matrons and other patterns for
special occasions are all to be
found in the Barbara Bell Pattern
Book. Send 15 cents (in coins)
today for your copy.
Send your order to The Sewing
Circle Pattern Dept., Room 1020,
211 W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, 111.
Patterns 15 cents (in coins) each,
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
Life's Harmony
Life’s harmony must have its
discords, but as in music, pathos
is tempered into pleasure by the
pervading spirit of beauty, so are
all life’s sounds tempered by
love.—George Henry Lewes.
r _
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Sit in Your Chair f
at Home ... and Shop 9
The things you want to buy ... at the time
you want to buy them ..» at the price you
want to pay. You can find these right in the
paper. Your newspaper advertisements make
it possible to do your “looking around” right
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