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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 11, 1937)
around the NATIONAL CAPITAL py Carter Field ^ Washington. — Far more illum inating in appraising what is going on in Japan than the spectacular cabinet resignations and the bid of the army for power was an im mediately preceding action — the licensing of exchange. The mere words "international exchange” tend to drive the reader to another column, which explains why so little space was given to this tremendously important devel opment. But what happened in Ja pan showed beyond question that the island empire is in serious eco nomic trouble, trouble comparable, among the larger nations, only with that of Germany, and with the same reasons underlying it in part. Which becomes curious when it is remembered that in much of the talk about the coming World war Germany and Japan are linked as allies. What Japan did, in effect, was to say that except for very small transactions no one could import anything into Japan without the specific detailed approval for that transaction of the government. This kind of action is taken by nations only for one reason—they are having difficulties getting the money to pay for things the govern ment considers they must have. Hence they decide to limit their purchases abroad in every other line. Japan must keep on buying war munitions and war supplies, she feels. Obviously she must also keep on buying raw materials. Her fac tories must keep on working so as to provide the exports to pay for the war supplies. There is also the question of tax revenue for the gov ernment, but that can be brushed arlde. Governments long since dis covered that they can put off that evil day by forced loans—or b y printing press money—as long as they can hold off a breakdown in confidence inside their own coun> tries. Old Axiom True But that never did go for dealing with the rest of the world, and both Germany and Japan—and for that matter Italy during the Ethiopian business—discovered that the o 1 d axiom is still true. Foreigners must be paid for im ports in something. Normally it is goods or services. Occasionally, for brief periods, they can be paid in gold. Japan has no gold to spare so it comes back to goods and services. Her need for greater exports, with which to pay for war supplies, has been frantic for several years now. It is the underlying cause of her ruthless trade war, her slashing of prices for cotton textiles. It is also the explanation of why she is such a good customer of the United States, if one considers only trade total figures. She has to buy here much of the cotton she processes and then sells in competition with American and British textile mills. Which is another reason why the textile industry of the United States continues to remain near the bottom of the class both in profits and wages, in long hours for adults and in employment of children. But even that foreign selling cam paign is not enough. Her govern ment has found that she must im port less non-war materials if she is to go on buying the umount of war materials her army thinks neces sary. So now, under the new orders, no one can import anything into Japan without the purchase being approved. The order is not worded in that way, but that is what it amounts to. The order merely pre vents any one from buying foreign exchange in excess of a small amount without specific approval. It foreshadows a very consider able tightening of the belts foi the Japanese people. The next step ex pected is a further reduction in the value of the yen, which will oper ate in the long run to reduce the pay of every Japanese worker. Either from the economic standpoint, or that of world peace, it is not a pleas ant prospect Wall Street Relieved Wall street’s reaction to President Roosevelt's inaugural address sur prised New Dealers no little. They thought the speech was a very clear warning that the old order had gone lorever, and that the revamping of our entire economic structure had just begun. But Wall street had been expect ing drastic, specific proposals. It did not find them in the President’s discussion and was tremendously relieved. True, at the moment most of the news of a business nature was good. Actually, no one on the inside, as pointed out in these dispatches weeks ago, looked for any clear-cut agenda, or for that matter an agenda of any sort, outlining legis lation for the coming session. It was not on the cards, and for a very simple reason. The President did not know then, and does not know yet, precisely what he will do. But the inaugural address showed very clearly indeed the general na ture of what he wants to do, and that outline should not. New Deal ers are saying privately, have given any such comfort to the stock mar ket traders as they apparently drew from it. Let's look at a few of these funda mentals In the first place, the Pres ident made it abundantly clear that he believes the federal government can and will do everything that is necessary to bring about the eco nomic reforms he has in mind, and do them without any change in the Constitution. Planned Economy What are those reforms? The same old one—no speculative prof its, much smaller profits of any kind, higher wages, shorter hours, no more piling up of surpluses by corporations, no more waste in over expansion of productive plants by private business—in short—planned economy under government direc tion. “We have always known,” said the President, “that heedless self interest was bad morals; we know now that it is bad economics.” And then: “This new understanding under mines the old admiration of worldly success as such.” Wherein he raps squarely in the face the old Horatio Alger, Jr., philosophy on which most of our present economic royalists were weaned. Even more menacing is a line in a following paragraph: “There can be no era of good feeling save among men of good will.” Hull’s Wisdom Temporarily, for the purpose of getting speedy action, Secretary of State Cordell Hull showed great wisdom in making his plea for con tinuance of the President’s power to negotiate reciprocal trade treat ies strictly on a world peace idea. Mr. Hull became quite peeved at ily-specking when objecting minority members asked about details— whether imports were *iOt increased more than exports—in ihort whether Uncle Sam was not getting "gyped” as a net result of the operation of the treaties. In the long run—though perhaps not until the glamor of President Roosevelt’s re-election majority has worn considerably thinner—there is plenty of trouble in store for the Hull policy. During the recent cam paign there were many indications that farmers did not like the treat ies. Moreover, the reaction against any specific treaty is apt to be con centrated in definitely defined areas, with the result that the political pressure on the senators or repre sentatives from those areas may easily be sufficient to make them risk White House displeasure. In fact, the theory is as old as the tariff, which Grover Cleveland said was a local issue. For the recip rocal trade agreement policy is the tariff and nothing else. The chief difference politically is that granting the power to the President removes it just a little further from the direct local influences which were always so strong when a new tarill law was being framed. There is just one addition to this— the very point on which Mr. Hull placed so much emphasis. That is the contention that this treaty-mak ing power tends to world peace— tends to eliminate the causes cf war—which almost every one con cedes now are more concerned with economics than anything else. Peace Chief Interest At the present moment there Is little doubt that the country as a whole is more interested in peace than almost any other question. There has never, in fact, been so much evidence of how the coun try felt on an issue. Senator Ben nett Champ Clark of Missouri and many others think the country would b willing to make almost any eco nomic sacrifice—be willing to forego not only profits but employment and wages—to make sure that the Unit ed States should not become in volved in war. So that for the time being Mr. Hull is very shrewd in making the peace appeal to the whole country, and thus short circuiting the mass of complaints about details in the work ing of the new reciprocal treaties which is flooding senators and rep resentatives from various sections of the country. Mr. Hull of course believes in his plan economically as well as from the standpoint of preserving peace. He is not for the reciprocal treaties merely because they pro duce good will, and afford other countries markets for their exports, and encourage American exports— thus eliminating part of the eco nomic pressure that tends to pro duce war. He is for the reciprocal trade agreements on their intrinsic value. At heart Mr. Hull has always been a strict tariff for revenue only man. He agrees with the old Democratic doctrine—a doctrine which was up permost in the presidential cam paigns of the last decade of the last century. He believes in buying from nations which can pro duce more cheaply than can the United States, and selling products which this country can produce more cheaply than oth er nations. He believes that such a course makes for more perma nent prosperity than the old Repub lican protection doctrine. He does not think the American standard of living needs what he regards as this artificial, hothouse nurturing doctrine. But as Secretary of State he is of course intluenced tremen dously by the comity of nations idea as well. C Bell Syndicate.—WNU Ser'V've. ! Scenes in I FEZ WW Dickering for Wool in a Fez Market. Prepared by National Geographic Society. Waahington, D. C.—WNU Service. YOU may stroll through the narrow lanes of Canton, the broad streets of Peiping, the bazaars of Cairo and Stam boul, the climbing alleys of Algiers, and the vaulted souks of Tunis; but Fez, Morocco, so near to the At lantic ocean, no doubt will seem to you the most oriental city of them all. A few years ago, it would sur prise a visitor to see any but Moor, Jew, or Negro in the crowded souks of Fez. To discover a French officer was a novelty. And it was stranger still to behold a well-dressed Eu ropean girl standing before a silk merchant’s booth calmly feeling a length of shining material between finger and thumb. But now, sightseers are not so rare. Alien women wander safely through the dim and crowded al leys of Fez, where, two dozen years ago, France's sons — officers, sol diers, and civilians — were cruelly massacred. Yet this change has been achieved without harshness or injustice to the native inhabitants. Their prejudices are deferred to, their religion and customs not in terfered with. No Christians may enter their mosques. No sight-seeing European is allowed to visit their beautiful theological colleges, by the resident general’s orders, because of some visitors’ irreverent behav ior. There are the shops of the sellers of gold-embroidered belts for wom en—beautiful girdles, two or three inches broad, of padded velvet heav ily worked in gold wire. There are the venders of leather articles— large, square, red bags with rings by which tney are slung like satch els over the shoulders; long fringed bags stamped in quaint designs or worked with colored thread; purses, notecases, triple-folding and adorned with cut-out designs on a colored background. Most of these leather articles smell like polecats! Buying Heelless Slippers. In the Street of the Slipper Sellers are stacked columns of heelless ba bouches, some with fronts beauti fully ornamented with gold, silver, or silk embroidery; others just plain yellow leather down-at-heel slippers. This Eastern footgear is so speedily worn out that the trade in it should be lucrative. You may chance upon a wild rush of men crowding about some shops, clam orous and holding out eager hands to snatch at long lengths of ba boushes thrust one within another. Then you will see them scurrying from these wholesale establish ments, for such these booths are, to the shops of the retail merchants. One rushes up to the grave, bearded vender sitting cross-legged on his counter-shop tloor, and thrusts a yard of yellow slippers at him. The retail man looks at them lan guidly, shakes his head, and the middleman hurries on to the next, to be succeeded by another and another until the squatting figure in the square pigeonhole makes his purchase to replenish his stock. Such a scene, and an excited mob of women at an open-air auc tion of wool mattresses screaming out offers, are the two most animat ed glimpses of native life that the souks can give. The Street of the Coppersmiths resounds with the musical clang of their hammers on the rounded pots. The Street of the Silk Sellers glows with color. The Street of the Brass Workers shines with the golden brightness of the artistically shaped vessels, huge kettles, the stemmed banqueting dishes with their tall conical covers, and the hanging lamps with colored glass sides. Then there is the Street of the Dyers. Half - naked figures, faces, arms, and bodies stained all colors, stir big earthenware pots of bright hued liquids, dip into them or haul out cloths, masses of silk thread, or lengths of flimsy material. The camera rarely can help the pen in depicting the quaint native life in the souks, so gloomy are they under the shading mattings over head, so incessant the coming and going of the passing throngs that will not halt their hurrying steps. Beautiful Mosque There are things of greater mo ment in Fez than the varied crowds and the fascinating souks. A sudden turn in a narrow covered lane, and you see a wide-open arched door that gives a view into a marvelous mosque, the Karouiine. A vestibule glowing with bright-tiled walls and door, a broad, central, tiled court, a graceful fountain spouting water, a forest of carved pnlars—270 of them—with their long vistas show ing masses of white and black. There white - robed men kneel, swaying forward and back togeth er. bending until their foreheads touch the tiled pavement, rising to their feet, bowing, sinking to their knees again, prostrating themselves with faces to the ground—all in per fect unison. And never a sound! Picture the scene on a Friday when fifteen or twenty thousand Moslem men fill this great mosque. Women are not admitted, except into a corner of it. But you will see them come to the gateways— there are fourteen of these—and, putting their heads timidly just in side, kiss the lintels of the open doors. The Karouiine mosque was begun in the Ninth century and finished in the Eleventh; but successive sul tans further embellished it. One of its gates, covered with bronze orna ments, dates from 1136. Besides serving as a place of worship, it is the seat of the Fez Mohammedan university, to which hundreds of stu dents from all parts of Morocco flock to study theology, grammar, Moslem law and jurisprudence from its renowned professors. There are many other mosques in Fez, but none can compare with this, the largest in Africa. Madrasahs, ecclesiastical col leges, and Zaouias, seats of reli gious confraternities, abound. The former are generally housed in beautiful buildings. The bronze gates and th? tiled halls and courts are all that can be seen by the Infidel now, unless he be highly favored. The many fondufcs dotted about the capital, like the caravansaries of farther East, are the oriental equivalents of our hotels. Many are architecturally fine and date back hundreds of years. Only Hotels Are Fonduks. You enter one through a massive gateway leading into a square court yard surrounded by two or three storied buildings. On the ground floor are lock-up shops in which the traveling merchant can display and sell the goods he has brought, perhaps from distant lands. Carved wood galleries run round the upper stories and off them open rooms in which the wayfarer can lodge until he has sold off his stock or finished his business and is ready for the road again. No food is supplied. The common fonduk has stables on the ground floor or else the trav elers’ horses, mules, camels, and donkeys are picketed round the court, making the place noisome with stench. A curious relic of the past is to be seen on the front of one of the houses in the Tala Souk. From the ornamented plaster and wood facade jut out thirteen carved wooden beams; on the end of each rests a large green bronze flattened bowl or gong. Above each is a narrow window in alignment. All these are supposed to have formed part of a timepiece constructed in 1357 and are called in consequence ‘‘the Clock of Bou Inania.” Through Fez rushes tumultuously the little River Fez. You will cross it over one bridge in the heart of the city without noticing it; for the bridge is lined with shops and seems just part of an ordinary souk. For a space the stream runs swift in a deep chasm of blank-walled houses. From the garden of one a solitary date palm rises, sharply outlined against the sky. Plenty of Water There. The city seems well supplied with water, which rushes noisily under ground down the steep slopes; and you wonder how the water carriers do such a good trade with their skin bags and the two bright brass cups linked by a chain tc their belts. For all day long you see them giv ing drink to the pigeonhole shop keepers and the passers-by. In a little recess in the wall be side the door of a dentist’s house (you cannot fail to recognize the abode of an Arab tooth-drawer, for he displays a small glass case tilled with molars and grinders that he has pulled) a column of clear water bubbles up fiercely like a geyser. It gushes out of the spouts of the tiled wall fountains; sparkling jets shoot up in the marble basins in the courts of the mosques; it flows freely into the rectangular stone bathr at the doors of the sacred buildings where the Faithful per form their ablutions before entering to pray. HOj^RE /DR. JAMES W. BARTON T*lk$ About 4^ Proteins in Reducing Diet ONE of the things the overweight individual cannot understand is why he or she is not permitted to eat food in proportion to their size and weight. They notice that those weighing many pounds less are per mitted to eat as much or even more food. What they fail to understand is that those of normal weight have really as much ac tive tissue on their bodies as have those who are overweight. The whole point is that fat tissue is not an active tissue and doesn’t have to be kept up, or built up, as have the active tissues of the body such as muscle. The amount of Dr. Barton food that should really be eaten is the amount the individual needs for his proper or normal weight, not what he or she weighs at present with many pounds of fat stored in and on the body. The second point the overweight individual must remember is that while all foods stimulate action of the tissues in the body, there are some foods that have more stimu lating power, make the processes and tissues work faster and thus create more heat. Thus, fat foods are the richest form of food in that one gram of fat—butter, cream, fat meats—will supply 9 calories (heat units) whereas proteins—meat, eggs, fish —and carbohydrates—bread, pota toes, sugar—supply only 4 calories for each gram. Fat foods from the heat standpoint therefore are more than twice as valuable as proteins and carbohydrates (starches). Thus from the fuel or food stand point—giving energy to the body and storing away excess fuel or food as fat—the starch and fat foods (while valuable to the thin individ ual or the one of average weight) should be cut down in those who are overweight because they store away excess food as fat on the body. Proteids Don’t Store Fat. Now while proteids—meat, eggs, fish—are the foods that repair worn and make new tissue, they can like wise supply energy to a great ex tent and do not store fat. (Perhaps if fat meat, fat fish, and egg yolks were eaten to excess, some fat would be stored). This is the main reason then that in all reducing diets the proteid foods are not reduced; they keep the body cells repaired, build new ones, and give energy. They pre vent to some extent that weak feel ing that is felt by overweights us ing a reducing diet. However there is another point about the proteid foods that is some times forgotten and that is the great stimulus they give to the ac tivity of the tissues. The very tak ing of the food itself raises the ener gy output, or the amount of energy, but some foods give greater stim ulus than others. Fats and starch foods are like hard coal or wood—good heat pro ducers—and proteid foods are like coal oil, kindling or coke which burn up fiercely, not only burning themselves but burning up other fuels more quickly also. Thus the rise in metabolism—rate at which the body processes work— after eating carbohydrate or starch food is only 6 per cent of the total fuel value of the food eaten (106 calories for every 100 calories of starch food eaten); the increase caused by fat is only 14 per cent of the total (114 calories for every 100 calories eaten); but the rise in met abolism after eating 100 calories of protein is much greater, amount ing to 40 per cent or 140 calories of energy output. * * * Vincent’s Infection. A common infection of the mouth that attacked all the armies en gaged in the World war is known as Vincent’s infection. It attacks the mucous membrane of the gums and lining of the mouth, causing ul ceration and decay (sloughing), some of the gum which covers the teeth being lost. The breath has a very bad odor which is characteristic of Vincent's infection. These symptoms come on sudden ly and are often accompanied by a metallic taste, increased flow of saliva (the digestive juice of the mouth), swelling of the glands in the neck, a tired feeling, rise in temperature, and mental depres sion. Some physicians believe the symptoms are due to lack of vita mins and prescribe green vege tables, oranges and lemons. Many mouth washes have been recommended, containing antisep tics to kill the organisms respon sible for the destruction of the mouth tissue. Hydrogen peroxide diluted with equal parts of water has proved very effective, as are freshly prepared sodium perbolate solutions, both of which are rec ommended by Conrad F. Hellwege, D. D. S., Philadelphia. Both prep arations clear away the gray or yellow membrane, remove the odor, and destroy the organisms caus ing the disease. © Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. Simplicity That Intrigues 1223 I22M TPHIS is the problem: Sister -*■ wants to entertain the Girl Scouts, it’s Jule’s turn to have the Bid-or-Bi club and Rose insists she can’t put off the Laff-a-Lots a minute longer. And each o f them has just finished a new dress and is anxious to wear it for the occasion. Sister’s Choice. Sister’s bit of intrigue is, as ybu can see, a dress worth want ing to show off (Pattern 1223). It is made ol velveteen this time and a little later on she’- going to blossom out in a bright crisp ging ham version for school. The smart collar, flattering flared skirt and puff sleeves are good reasons for this frock’s popularity. It comes in sizes 6 to 14 years. Size 8 re quires 2Vg yards of 39 inch ma terial. Jule’s Entertaining Diess. Jule knows a neat trick when she sees one whether on the table or in a page of fashions, and she didn’t miscue in choosing Pattern 1998. She’ll wear this snappy shirt frock when she’s “it” to entertain and because she chose broadcloth it will look more trig and lovely after each washing. The diagram shows why a few hours is all that’s needed to sew this grand number. You may have it in sizes 34 to 46. Size 36 requires 4% yards of 35 inch material. With long sleeves 4% yards. It Was Easy, Says Rose. They didn’t believe Rose when she said she made this startlingly pretty dress (Pattern 1224). She did though, even the buttonholes! However the same stunning effect can be had by sewing the buttons on for trimming only. The ele gance of the princess-like lines, the eclat of the heart shaped sleeves and withal its ease of construction make the question read “How can I help but make this dress?” It is available in sizes 12 to 20 (30 to 40 bust). Size 14 requires 4% yards of 39 inch material, plus % yard con trasting. With long sleeves 4% yards required. New Pattern Book. Send for the Barbara Bell Spring and Summer Pattern Book. Make yourself attractive, practi cal and becoming clothes, select ing designs from the Barbara Bell well - planned, easy-to-make pat terns. Interesting and exclusive fashions for little children and the difficult junior age; slenderizing, well-cut patterns for the mature figure; afternoon dresses for the most particular young women and matrons and other patterns for special occasions are all to be found in the Barbara Bell Pattern Book. Send 15 cents (in coins) today for your copy. Send your order to The Sewing Circle Pattern Dept., Room 1020, 211 W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, 111. Patterns 15 cents (in coins) each, © Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. Life's Harmony Life’s harmony must have its discords, but as in music, pathos is tempered into pleasure by the pervading spirit of beauty, so are all life’s sounds tempered by love.—George Henry Lewes. r _ An improved step in the Gooch milling process now gives GOOCH'S I^EST FLOUR ft new snowy white ness. a finer smoothness and a greater profeia content Now. easier than ever, you can always have perfect success with your bread biscuits, cakes and pastry when you use GOOCH’S BEST FLOUR Remember. GOOCH’S BEST FLOUR is tested every 30 minutes during the milling process to guarantee the uniform- high quality-that means uni fnrmlv good result#. ! COUPONS In All Sizes of \ GOOCH S BEST FLOUR The valuable coupons with full description and pictures of each premium will be found in every sack of GOOCH'S BEST m FLOUR. 1 I A set of threfc genuine WEAR-EVER extra hard, thick sheet .Aluminum Sauce Pans. Wide, flat bottom* for even, fast cooking. One. two and three quart sue. Sent you. post age paid, tor only two full coupons and small amount in cash. Meny Other Veluehle Piecei fo Equip the AloJero Kitchen With Gooch's Best Coupons you can also get WEAR EVER Aluminum Percolators. Roasters. Griddles. Mixing Howls and Tubed Cake Pans—also beautiful earthenware Bean Pots, Chicken Fryers and Beverage Pitchers, stainless steel Kitchen Slicers, Dolls. Order GOOCH'S BEST FLOUR today from your gro cer and us* the valuable coupons. Sit in Your Chair f at Home ... and Shop 9 The things you want to buy ... at the time you want to buy them ..» at the price you want to pay. You can find these right in the paper. Your newspaper advertisements make it possible to do your “looking around” right at home ... and then go downtown to do your buying ... saving you time and energy.