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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 31, 1936)
arbund the 'NATIONAL CAPITAL ,ly Carter Field ^ Washington.—Some of the smart young lawyers in the Few Deal are now predicting that President Roosevelt will not „eek a constitu tional amendment with a view to obtaining for the federal govern ment power to regulate wages and hours, and power to effect crop re ductions—in short, to overcome the devastating effect on New Deal poli cies of the Supreme court decisions in the NRA and AAA cases. Such amendments will not be nec essary. these young lawyers hold, if certain events which they confi dently expect, should develop. First and probably most important will be the court decision sure to come on the new Guffey coal law. There may be quite a battle about putting this law through, but they are mentally jumping that hurdle, assuming that it will become law. and assuming that of course it will be promptly taken up to the Supreme court. These young New Dealers think the new Guffey act avoids the er rors of law and precedent violation that caused the original Guffey act to be thrown out the window by the 6upreme court. They think that If the new Guffey act can pass the high court hurdle, it will then be possible to impose, one at a time, individual codes on individual in dustries without running up against the points that resulted in the Su preme court’s rejecting NRA by a unanimous vote. For one thing, they point out, In such a procedure there will be no question of congress or the Presi dent delegating authority. This point weighed heavily in the minds of the justices in plucking the blue eagle. In the Guffey entering wedge it is proposed that congress shall write the terms of the code, so that it will be purely a question of whether congress has the right to do this under the general welfare clause of the Constitution, and not a question of whether some giant gov ernment agency may determine such things over the desks of a host of appointed bureaucrats. Brandeis Objected There is more to this belief of the young lawyer than the mere writ ten words of the Constitution, or the texts of various Supreme court de cisions. It is known, for instance, that Justice Brandeis objected strongly to many phases of the blue eagle, and made no bones of saying so to many persons, including Gen eral Hugh S. Johnson. On top of this is the undeniable psychological effect on the minds of members of the court of the over whelming landslide for the New Deal—plus the point that the Guf fey decision was not even a clear cut five to four adverse decision. Chief Justice Hughes, though siding with the minority, approved some features of the law. including price fixing. So the assumption of the young lawyers is not as extreme as first might appear, and if they are right, the remainder of the course is clear. On AAA, the procedure is much simpler. In fact, it is already being done. It is just a question of ad mitting it, and this is gradually be ing done. Corn is now formally classified as a soil denuder by the Department of Agriculture. This is held despite the fact that many ag ricultural authorities say that, with proper use of fertilizer and with proper rotation, corn is frequently beneficial to land. For instance, oc casional planting of corn helps keep down weeds. Cultivation of corn continues until very late in the sea son, thus keeping the weeds from reproducing themselves. Headed for Clash Both Cordell Hull and Henry A. Wallace are fairly long suffering and patient gentlemen, as both have demonstrated several times since they entered Franklin D. Roose velt’s cabinet. Some of their trou bles have brought about a commu nity of interests, or at least a sym pathetic understanding, as for ex ample their separate and unrelated wars on George N. Peek. But it would seem to the least cynical bystander that at the pres ent moment they are headed to wards a personal clash, which soon er or later is apt to upset the most promising of all—from the present prophet’s view — 1940 Presidential band-wagons. Meaning, of course, that of the secretary of agriculture. It all revolves around the contro versy that was the heart of the tar iff problem, which divided the Dem ocratic and Republican parties in the Cleveland-Harrison days, and has been the heart of the farm prob lem ever since the doctrine of scarc ity was introduced. In a way of speaking Secretary of Agriculture Wallace takes what was the Republican view in the days of Blaine, Garfield and McKinley—that the United States should be more or less self-sustaining, affording its own producers a monopoly of the domestic market. Whereas Secretary of State Hull takes what was the Cleveland view —that the United States should buy abroad what it could not produce so economically at home, and pay tor such imports by exports of what ' ► could be produced more economical ly here. Wallace of course does not ap proach the answer by the processes advocated by the Republican lead ers of that day. But he arrives at the same ultimate conclusion. The Republicans wanted to work it that way by putting an almost insur mountable tariff duty on every arti cle produced in America. In Another Way Wallace would accomplish the same end—presumably—by check ing the production of American ex ports. particularly agricultural products, which, again theoretical ly, would ultimately result in the United States not being able to buy any imported goods. It will be recalled that the funda mental controversy between Wal lace and Peek was over this same point. Wallace wanted to restrict agricultural production. Peek want ed to let it follow its natural course. Wallace wanted to eliminate agri cultural surpluses. Peek wanted to use the surplus cotton, wheat and whatnot for international barter. Hull, we now And, is absolutely on the Peek side of that contro versy—except—that he is not for in ternational barter. He wants to fol low the old orthodox route. He wants to lower tariff barriers by in ternational agreements, but let the resulting trade follow natural lines. So far there has not been an un pleasant word between Wallace and Hull. None is expected in the near future. But obviously the two the ories cannot both be pursued, with much success, at the same time, without this country coming out at the small end of the horn. So experts studying the situation are predicting a real blow-up long before the Democratic national con vention assembles in June, 1940, to pick its candidate for President to succeed Franklin D. Roosevelt. Al ways assuming, of course, that Mr. Roosevelt decides against a third term. Grows Tiresome Porto Rico politicians—and Amer ican sugar and tobacco growers— hope that Porto Rico can imitate the example of the Philippines and obtain its freedom. Down at Buenos Aires the delegates from 20 Ameri can republics were given a picture of how the twenty-first—the United States—tramples on the aspirations and what not of the downtrodden Porto Ricans. It’s the kind of thing that makes the average American just a trifle tired, when he runs into it, after he recovers from his first shock of sur prise. It’s the kind of thing, plus a cer tain economic factor, that resulted in the Philippines being set free after Aguinaldo had failed to win the islands’ independence by blood shed and the sword, and after Wil liam Jennings Bryan had failed to win it with oratory and appeals to America’s unselfishness. The same economic factor is pres ent in the case of Porto Rico—the desire of American producers to eliminate island competition. In the Philippines it was sugar, tobacco, coconut oil and other products. In the case of Porto Rico it is mainly sugar and tobacco. This writer predicted in January, 1930, that the Philippines would ob tain their freedom. The prediction was not based on statesmanship, or on the Japanese menace, or any thing of the sort. It was based on pure economics. The Filipino sugar producers had fooled the life out of Henry L. Stimson, then secretary of state, and prior to that governor general of the Philippines. They made him believe that 500,000 tons was the extreme limit of Philippine sugar production. The sugar men of Hawaii, Florida, Louisiana, Porto Rico, Colorado and Cuba knew bet ter, but Mr. Stimson had prestige to support him, and they were lightly regarded, branded as being purely selfish. They knew they were selfish, so they were slightly abashed, but it didn’t take them long to get busy. Given Free Market Similarly, it will not take the sugar and tobacco producers of the United States long to get busy on the Porto Rican situation, now that the Porto Ricans have started the ball rolling by virtually picketing Uncle Sam’s delegation at Buenos Aires. They won’t have the dairy inter ests of the Northwest to help, as did the advocates of Philippine in dependence, but they have seen how the job should be handled. More over, the State department folks are getting just a little tired of being attacked by alleged representatives of a people whose whole prosperity is based on being given the richest market in the world free for their two main crops—crops which they cannot sell in any market in which they do not have an artificial ad vantage. It is common knowledge in that part of America not controlled by the United States that Porto Rican cigars and cigarettes are not popu lar—cannot be sold in competition with Cuban and Jamaican products. Being inside the steep United States tariff w'all saves the situation for Porto Rico. The same thing ob tains a sugar market for the former Spanish island. Notwithstanding which there seems to be a general impression in the island that it is being ex ploited by gringos, that the peons are ground down to make profits for rich capitalists in New York, and that the President privately sympa thizes with them and would strike off their shackles. © Bell Syndicate.—WNU Servic*. BRITAIN’S MALTA fr- < . . . View of the Crowded Harbor of Malta. Prepared by National OeoRraphlc Society. Washington, D. C.—WNU Service. ONLY seventeen and a half miles long and nowhere more than nine miles wide, Malta, important island in Britain’s lifeline to the East, is the principal island of one of the smallest archipelagoes in the world. It survives from those remote days when continents were differently shaped and the Mediterranean was a series of lakes, divided by land bridges that connected Europe with Africa. Of one of these bridges the Maltese archipelago is today the sole existing pier, the one frag ment extant of a causeway along which prehistoric pachyderms and ruminants groped their puzzled way to the African warmth when driven from Europe by its increasing gla ciation. Some of these mighty beasts lin gered too long on the Maltese pier, and the cave of Ghar Dalam, near the southern extremity of the is land, is full of their bones, con verted in the course of ages into perfectly preserved fossils. Together with the other inhabited islands of the group, Gozo, popula tion 23,796, and Comino, population 41, and including the naval, mili tary, and air force establishments, Malta has some 258,400 souls—that is to say, more than 2,000 to the square mile. Thus it is one of the most densely settled geographical units. In Strategic Position. Why has this rocky little excres cence from the bed of the Medi terranean played a major part in history? Why does it play a part in the life of the modern world at such variance with its topographical di mensions? The answer lies, first, in its all important strategic position be tween Sicily and North Africa, and, secondly, in its possession of some of the finest harbors in the world. The tongue of rock on which La Valette built his capital is in shape not unlike Manhattan island, with the Grand harbor, where the battle ships are berthed, corresponding to the Hudson, and Marsamuscetto harbor, the anchorage of destroyers and smaller craft, to the East river. But there is the difference that, both from the Grand harbor and Marsamuscetto, there branch sev eral subsidiary creeks, providing secure and ideal anchorages, in the past for the galley of the knights and their predecessors, at the pres ent day for the Mediterranean fleet of Great Britain. All around Grand harbor rise, bold and still perfect, the Knights’ magnificent fortifications, intended to insure that never again should Malta and the order have to en dure at the hands of the Moslems, to whom the Hospitalers were an ever-present menace, another such siege as that of 1565. Then, after a desperate struggle of nearly half a year, the Knights and the local population were just able, by superhuman efforts, to re pel the flower of the army of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. If Malta's quarter of a million population is large, measured by the area on which it has to live, it is small for a separate nation. For the Maltese are a nation unto them selves, with their own language, their own traditions, their own phys ical characteristics, and a history that is perhaps one of the longest to which any people can lay claim. Very Ancient Civilization. In Malta and Gozo the art of building in remote Stone age days reached a development of skill and , refinement unknown in other cen ! ters of the megalithic world. Thus Malta was already an ancient cen ter of civilization when the "tem pestuous wind called Euroclydon,” I that stiU whistles across it during [ the winter months under its modern ! name of gregale, the "Greek wind," j drove St. Paul to its shores. There after, the Roman chief of the island, Publius, became its first bishop. During the many centuries of their recorded history the Maltese have had many rulers: the Phoe nicians and their offspring, the Car thaginians, then Romans, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese and Castilians,' then for two and a half centuries the International Order of St. John of Jerusalem (we also know them as the Hospitalers, and as the Knights of Rhodes and Knights of Malta) and finally, after a brief French occupation, the British. Despite so cosmopolitan a his tory, the Maltese have clung te naciously to their ancient Semitic tcngue, which is recognized by ex perts to be of Phoenician structure, and, to all intents and purposes, the language of Dido and Hannibal. Naturally, the old Maltese lan guage has borrowed, in the course of ages, words from other lan guages, but it has always fitted them into its own Semitic frame work. The Maltese who emigrated to Asia and to the north coast of Africa have no difficulty in making themselves understood by their Arabic - speaking neighbors, espe cially in Palestine and Morocco. Neolithic Sanctuaries. A paleontologist may wander about the cave of Ghar Dalam and study the remains of the elephants and hippopotamuses which left their bones there when the world was yet young. Advancing from these and from the Neanderthal man, of whom possible traces have been found in Malta, many thousands of years into the Stone age, he will find in Malta and Gozo a series of neolothic sanctuaries — Tarshin, the Hypo geum at Hal Saflini, Hagiar Kim, M’naidra, II Gigantia, to mention only the most important — un equaled elsewhere. Other survivals of a different sort are the cart tracks which traverse many of the barren rocky surfaces of the island, the tram lines of prehistoric man. The width of the tracks of the two - wheeled carts which, with their gaily caparisoned little ponies or donkeys, are the traditional vehicle of the Maltese farmer today, correspond almost exactly with those^ of his ancient predecessor. On the small, uninhabited islet of Filfla, now used only as a target for naval gun practice, survives a lizard of dark green spotted with red,' which occurs nowhere else ex cept in this group. The museum in Valletta has an admirable collection of the artistic products of the Stone and Bronze ages. Among them are the aston ishing fat deities characteristic of Maltese neolithic sculpture. If one wishes to see how the dis tant forbears of the present popu lation cultivated their land, one has only to watch the Maltese farmer of today plowing his field; and a student will note the eyes of Osiris still painted on the bows of Malta’s sturdy little schooners. In Malta, during mid-Lent, are the carnival festivities common to other Mediterranean places, with features of more special interest. One of these is the Parata dance in the palace square, which takes its symbolism from the capture of a Maltese bride by a Moslem corsair. me imnaria nares. At the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, June 29, are the densely thronged Imnaria races. These races for horses and donkeys are of unknown but undoubtedly great age. The course is a piece of straight, hard road leading uphill to the big square in front of Nota bile, where from his great stone box the grand master in former days handed down, and now the gover nor of Malta hands down, the ban ners of victory to the winning com petitors. The name Imnaria is a corrup tion of luminaria, illumination, for it was the custom on that day to illuminate the churches of Notabile and adjacent Rabat in honor of the two saints. A more picturesque, if less trustworthy, tradition derives Imnaria from Hymen, the god of marriage, it being supposed that the young men of the island were wont in former times to choose their wives from among the maidens coming to watch the contest. The banners still given as prizes are long and narrow pieces of bro cade of different colors. The fortu nate winners take them back to their village to be used as altar cloths of the parish churches for the ensuing year. Visitors are always interested in the faldetta (more properly called ghonnella) of the Maltese women. This headdress does not owe its existence, as some allege, to the excessive gallantry of Bonaparte’s troops, but is of much more ancient origin. It is a voluminous hood of rich silk, stiffened inside the top edge by a piece of cardboard about a yard long, black everywhere save in the villages of Zabbar and Zei tun, where it is blue. One end rests on the head while the other has to be held. IkcQ(ymlJ.£f^to7i TAILED ABCOT Steps in Reducing A PHYSICIAN who has considerable success in weight reduction has one lit tle rule that not only gets ac tual weight off his patients but helps them to persevere when the rate at which the weight is lost becomes very slow. He outlines the diet in the regular way—cuts down on fat foods—but Dr. Barton ter, cream, lat meat and egg yolks by on ly 10 per cent, and also on starch foods —bread, sugar, po tatoes, pastries, ce reals by 10 per cent, but cuts down on all liquids by one - half and also on table salt by one half or 50 per cent. This is the advice for the first month. The result at the end of the month is usually (not al ways, however) that as much as five to fifteen pounds in weight has been lost without the patient feeling that he or she has been starved. This great loss in weight is usually most ly a loss in water from the tissues, for although overweight individuals lose more water daily than do those of normal weight, nevertheless fat tissue holds more water than muscle tissue and by getting rid of this sur plus water actual weight is lost. At the end of the first month the next step in the treatment is cut ting down on the fat foods by as much as one-quarter to one-third. Another point about cutting down on fat foods is that in those of nor mal weight or those underweight the use of fat foods is of great help in "protecting” the body tissues. Al so the use of fat foods prevents too rapid burning up or using up of starch foods. You can thus see that when the "protecting” influence of fat foods is lessened by cutting down on the amount of fat foods eaten, then in those of overweight the actual tissues of the body will get worn more, and starch foods will be more rapidly burned. There is thus a "double” action on weight reducing when fat foods are reduced in amount. Cut the Starches Last And the final step of course, which may be in one to three months, is to cut down by one-third to one-half on all starch foods. These are usu ally the foods that the overweight likes most, but they are also the foods that give energy to work or to exercise. By cutting down too much on starch foods at the begin ning of the reduction process, the individual is liable to feel so weak and listless that to prevent com plete collapse food is eaten in in creased quantities. However, by waiting until a cer tain amount of weight is lost by getting rid of surplus water—at taining the water balance—and then losing a certain amount more by cutting down on the fat foods, with the double action mentioned above, when it comes to the starch foods, and their turn to be cut down great ly (50 per cent), the individual has lost so much weight and gained so much physical strength that he or she has gained confidence or mo rale and tackles more readily the reducing of the starch foods. The thought then is (a) cutting the liquids aqd salt in half at once and cutting down the starches and fats by 10 per cent; (b) continuing the reduced amount of salt and wa ter, cut down on fats by one-quarter to one-third for the second month; and (c) after one to three months cutting down by one-half on all starch foods. • • • Angina Pectoris The typical or usual attack of angina pectoria (breast pang) con sists of the sudden onset of agon izing pain in the region of the heart or under the breast bone. There is a feeling that death is at hand. The pain may extend into left shoulder and arm. The patient is pale, mo tionless (afraid to move), and often bathed with cold perspiration. The pain comes on suddenly after ex ertion, excitement or a hearty meal. While some cases of angina pec toris show some change in the struc ture of the heart and blood vessels, there are many that do not. The cause is felt to be that the heart muscle is not getting enough “pure” blood (or blood containing enough oxygen) to enable it to do its work properly, or that there may bo a partial closure of the blood vessels supplying the walls of the heart with blood. However, some physicians now be lieve that "anginal” attacks in many cases are due to other causes than the lack of pure blood in the heart muscles. Dr. C. H. Beach, Richmond, Va., in the Journal of the American Med ical Association, states that these attacks occur when the available energy is not equal to the de mands made on the heart muscle. & Western VeasDacer ULaian. Simple, Elegant, Practical 1 * I8IZ 'T'lME and Sew-Your-Own fashions march on. To day’s trio have the simplic ity, elegance and practical ity so vital to the up-to-the minute well-groomed woman—and so within reach of the modern, pro gressive members of The Sewing Circle. Pattern 1812—Little Miss Two To - Five can manage her own dressing with the aid of this frock that buttons down the front. She will be the picture of daintiness too, with such clever aids as prin cess lines, puff sleeves and an in triguing little collar. The one piece step-in is the essence of practical ity—a great boon to the young ster’s comfort. This ensemble is available in sizes 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. Size 3 requires 2% yards of 35 or 39 inch fabric and % yard contrasting. Pattern 1998—This new dress “belongs” in almost any company. Its great simplicity will endear it to homemakers, and business women alike. It is a combination of charm, good lines and youth fulness. You’ll want two versions of this style — one with short sleeves, the other with long. Pique, silk crepe or velveteen will serve nicely as the material. It is available in sizes 34, 36, 38, Foreign Words ^ and Phrases Arriere pensee. (F.) A mental reservation. Crescite et multiplicamini. (L.) Increase and multiply. (The motto of Maryland.) Faites vos jeux. (F.) Place your stakes (at roulette, etc.). Ipso jure (L.) By unques tioned right. Lusus naturae. (L.) A freak of nature. Nemine contradicente (nern. con ) (L.) No one speaking in op position. Tabula rasa. (L.) A blank tab let. 'W6 1338 40, 42, 44 and 46. Size 36 requires 4% yards of 35 inch material, with long sleeves 4% yards. Pattern 1938—Daytime distinc tion takes on a now meaning in this super - styled frock. The squared shoulders, swing skirt and peplum fulness are the im portant details which give it such i perfectly balanced finesse. Yet not * one part of it is difficult to cut or * to sew. This is a dress which is adequate for every occasion—save the strictly formal. Available for sizes 14 to 20 (32 to 42 bust). Size 16 requires 4Vg yards of 39 inch material. The collar, jabot and belt in contrast take % yard. Don’t miss these grand num bers. A detailed sewing chart ac companies each pattern to guide you every step of the way. Send for the Barbara Bell Fall and Winter Pattern Book contain ing 100 well - planned, easy - to make patterns. Exclusive fash ions for children, young women, and matrons. Send fifteen cents in coins for your copy. Send your order to The Sewing Circle Pattern Dept., 367 W. Adams street, Chicago, 111. Pat terns 15 cents (in coins) each. © Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. WATCH o YOUR Medical Authorities recognize the value of a balanced Alkaline Re serve as an aid to cold prevention. LUDEN'S 4y contribute to your Alkaline Re- i serve because they contain an ALKALINE FACTOR DOLLARS & HEALTH The successful person is a healthy per son. Don’t let yourself be handicapped by sick headaches, a sluggish condition, stomach “nerves” and other dangerous signs of over-acidity. TAKE MILNESIAS Milnesia, the original milk of magnesia in wafer form, neutralizes stomach acid. Each wafer equals 4 teaspoonfuls of milk of magnesia. Thin, crunchy, mint-flavor, tasty. 20c, 35c & 60c at drug stores. HEARTBURN? Its surprising how many have heart burn. Hurried eating, overeating, heavy smoking, excessive drinking all lead to heartburn. When it comes, heed the warning. Your stomach is on a strike. SLEEP SOUNDLY Lack of exercise and injudicious eating make stomachs acid. You must neu tralize stomach acids if you would sleep soundly all night and wake up feeling refreshed and really fit. MILNESIA FOR HEALTH Milnesia, the original milk of magnesia in wafer form, neutralizes stomach acids, gives quick, pleasant elimination. Each wafer equals 4 teaspoonfuls milk of mag nesia.Tasty, too. 20c, 35c&60c everywhere. 35c & 60c bottles o 20c tins t Th» Original Milk of Magnesia Waters
