SEEN
_. and
HEARD
around the
NATIONAL
CAPITAL
Washington. — Cash income re
ceived by farmers from products
marketed in the month of Septem
ber amounted to $754,000,000, the bu
reau of agricultural economics an
nounced.
Cash income from marketings for
August was $635,000,000 and for Sep
tember last year $648,000,000. The
September increase over August
this year was somewhat more than
usual. The gain over September
1935 amounted to 16 per cent.
An important item entering into
the September gain in farm income
was the increased income from cot
ton, resulting from increased re
ceipts of cotton at the principal spot
markets and a favorable upturn in
prices. The income from tobacco
also increased more than usual in
September.
An unusually large amount of
livestock was sent to market in Sep
tember, some of it presumably the
result of liquidation in the drouth
area. Average prices of meat ani
mals were about the same in Sep
tember as in August, but were ma
terially lower than in September
last year.
Although prices of wheat and oats
were higher than a year ago, the
sales of these grains were sharply
reduced. The net effect was a small
er income from grains this Septem
ber than last.
Rental and benefit payments by
tbe government in September
•mounted to $6,000,000 compared
with $11,000,000 in August and $57,
000,000 in September, 1935.
The total cash income of farm
ers in September, including govern
ment payments, was $760,000,000,
compared with $646,000,000 in Aug
ust and $705,000,000 in September,
1935.
For the first nine months of this
year, total cash income from farm
marketing and from government
payments, was $5,434,000',000, of
which $210,000,000 were government
payments. In the corresponding
nine months of last year total cash
farm income was $4,830,000,000 of
which $407,000,000 represented gov
ernment payments.
Favors Aid to Labor
The national labor relations board
asserts in defense of its activities
under the Wagner act that federal
intervention is the only way to pro
tect the constitutional rights of steel
workers.
Proclaiming the necessity of its
existence in order to maintain an
equilibrium between laborers and
employers in collective bargaining,
the board said:
"In steel particularly the exist
ence of company police and of the
company town system, with the con
sequent suppression of civil liber
ties, makes governmental interven
tion the only way to secure for the
workers the free exercise of their
rights to organize for collective bar
gaining purposes.
"Governmental intervention of
some kind has been the rule in ma
jor labor disputes for more than
half a century," the board said.
The study, which Chairman J.
Warren Madden said represented
the views of the board, although
prepared by its economic division,
charged there are between 40,000
and 50,000 "spies” active in Ameri
can industry.
Taking cognizance-of the fact that
the Supreme court is expected to
deliberate on constitutionality of the
Wagner act this winter, the board
said:
Him Some Success
"Notwithstanding the sentiment
pervading business elements that
new legislation should be defied un
til its constitutionality is deter
mined, and the indiscriminate issu
ance of injunctions by a number of
the lower federal courts tying up the
activities of the board in their jur
isdiction, the present national labor
board has achieved considerable
success.
‘The present board has only neg
ative powers based on a minimum
of legal sanctions. Its duties con
sist primarily of aiding in the crea
tion of a labor situation where there
is a relative equality of bargaining
between employers and employees so
that they can arrive at a fair bar
gain on wages, hours and other
working conditions that go to make
up the wage contract.
"The national labor relations
board is not a novel venture. Nor
is the act that created it a hypo
thetical conception. On the con
trary this board is an outgrowth of
the extensive experience of the gov
ernment in intervention in labor re
lations, and particularly in labor
disputes.”
Progress in Trade
Business has shown steady im
provement for three successive
quarters and every sign at present
points to a full year of progress,
says Banking, official organ of the
American Bankers’ association.
This is the first time since the be
ginning of the depression that there
have been nine months of constantly
increasing business activity, the re
view adds.
Security prices have reached a
level not attained since the devalu
ation of the pound in 1931. Com
modity prices average higher than
at any time since 1930 and indus
trial production is higher than at
any time in the last six years, the
survey continues.
Business is not unmindful of the
weaknesses in the present situation.
These unfavorable conditions have
not been discounted so much as
they have been ignored and defied.
A comparison between the thriving
condition of business in the United
States and the disturbing develop
ments abroad furnishes an interest
ing contrast and constitutes a fair
measure of the forward surge now
taking place in the commerce and
industry in this country. Banking
asserts.
Increased mortgage lending, a
housing shortage, rising rents, high
er farm values and, in general, a
more active market for buildings
and land are reported by a majori
ty of the bank realty officers whose
opinions on the real estate outlook
were requested by Banking in a
survey conducted in key cities
throughout the country.
More Navy Officers
The navy will reach its full
strength of officer personnel about
1941 at the present rate of gradua
tion of midshipmen from the Naval
academy, the Navy department
said. This is contingent on condi
tions remaining as at present, offi
cials added.
The service will need around 1,000
new officers in addition to what it
will lose in the meantime through
deaths, resignations and from other
causes, so the treaty navy will be
properly officered when it attains its
authorized strength by 1942, under
present plans of the administration
and congress. This growth in offi
cer personnel will be in the junior
grades, officials said, as rear ad
mirals and captains will not experi
ence any material alteration
This increase in officer personnel
is required to keep pace with addi
tional warships being constructed
under the Vinson-Trammel act,
which provides that by 1942 the
American navy will be up to al
lowances under existing treaties. It
also is made imperative by the re
cent material increase in the num
ber of enlisted men of the navy,
which is still continuing.
The authorized strength in officer
personnels is 6,531 line officers and
actually at the present time the
navy has around 6,000 officers. Offi
cials anticipate that in 1941 some
500 lieutenants, who have not re
ceived the required promotion 21
years after graduation, will be
dropped from the active list.
The enlisted strength of the navy
by July 1 next will be 100,000. The
average for this fiscal year is 96,000,
it was said. There have been indi
cations that 5,000 additional blue
jackets will be requested from con
gress shortly so the new warships
may be properly manned.
Treasury Receipts Up
The month-end Treasury state
ment showed an Increase in October
receipts and a drop in total expendi
tures.
The October deficit was set at
$412,612,127, compared with $561,
238,209 for the same month last
year. In the first four months of
this fiscal year, expenditures ex
ceeded receipts by $937,496,212,
compared with a $1,393,259,976 defi
cit in the same period last year.
October receipts totaled $272,172,
437, compared with $235,435,238 in
October, 1935. Receipts for the four
months were $1,408,088,114, com
pared with $1,233,899,703 in the cor
responding period a year ago.
Total October expenditures were
$684,784,564, including $314,887,007 of
emergency expenditures, against
$796,673,447, including $285,835,495 of
emergency outlays, a year ago.
For the first four months of this
fiscal year, expenditures were $2.
345,584,239, including $91C,629,959 of
emergency expenditures. For the
same period last year, total expendi
tures were $2,627,159,679, including
$1,166,517,940 of emergency outlays.
Peace Trade Parleys
Promotion of peace and expansion
of mutually profitable trade between
21 American republics will be the
principal subjects for discussion at
the inter-American conference open
ing December 1 at Buenos Aires.
In an effort to pull tighter the
friendly strings which hold the Unit
ed States and her 20 sister republics
together, the Washington delegation
will seek to extend commercial re
lations in tiie markets of the west
ern hemisphere.
The aftermath of the world de
pression saw Great Britain, Germa
ny, Japan, France, and other great
trading nations making renewed
and vigorous bids for i_,atin Ameri
ca's trade, long a sphere for profit
able buying and selling of needed
raw materials and manufactured
articles by importers, exporters and
manufacturers of the United States.
The United States is depending on
progressive Yankee business meth
ods and ingenuity to retain its third
of a billion dollar stake in Latin
American sales and—through trade
pacts that reduce tariff rates and
trade barriers—capture an even
greater share of Central and South
American business.
WNU Service.
Sending Wedding Gifts
Wedding gifts should always be
sent early, as soon after receipt of
the invitation as possible. Only the
card of the donor should accompany
the gift. A personal letter would be
in bad taste, and it is never ap
propriate to congratulate a bride
to-be. The gift is addressed to her.
View of Village In Eritrea.
Prepared by National Orographic Society.
Washington. 1). C.—WNU Service.
FEW spots on earth are so bar
ren, so inhospitable, as Assab,
in Eritrea, on the west coast
of the Red sea. With only a
few palm trees, some low houses
and a well set between the glaring
Red sea and a waterless waste be
yond, it seems a hopeless place for
white men to choose as home.
Yet here the Italian colony of
Eritrea began its blistering ex
istence. Neither treasures nor sheer
adventure, however, had anything
to do with its beginning. What is
now Eritrea began in 1870, when
the Italian Rubattino Steamship
company needed a coaling station
in the Red sea and bought the Bay
of Assab and its miserable oasis
from a petty local ruler, the sultan
of Raheita.
Until then Assab was only a small
harbor for the sambuks, or Arab
sailing craft, trading on the Red
sea. Even today it is little more.
Assab proved itself of slight use
as a coaling depot; yet by its pur
chase the Rubattino company was
launched into the business of buying
land. By 1879 a small Italian mili
tary force had landed in Assab and
hoisted the Italian flag in this cor
ner of the world. Today, that red,
white and green banner flies over a
strip of Red sea coast which is 670
miles long. Inland from Assab
across the desert rise the cool high
lands of Ethiopia (Abyssinia).
Torrid, barren and fever-stricken
is the coast that stretches north
west from Assab, but as you ap
proach the port of Massaua the to
pography begins to change. Behind
Massaua the green highlands rise
in steep embankments, forming a
sort of gateway to the interior of
Africa.
It was when Italy occupied Mas
st.ua in 1885 that Eritrea took defi
nite shape; now the area in Eritrea
ruled by Italy stretches inland in
some places 220 miles or more to
the frontiejs of Ethiopia and the An
glo-Egyptian Sudan.
In brief, within 20 years after the
Rubattino company bought Assab
as a coaling station which was nev
er developed, her colony here had
come to cover nearly 46,000 square
miles of Africa. On January 1, 1890,
this new colony was christened Eri
trea by the Italian government, in
remembrance of the “Mare Ery
thraeum,” as the old Romans called
the waters of this part of the world.
Massaua a Hot Place *o Work.
Massaua, one of the hottest cities
in the world, with its environs, is
the home of 15,000 natives and a
few hundred Europeans. The white
men, mostly Italians, work during
the day in their offices under big
fans, with glasses of cool water on
their desks. In a damp and steamy
air they toil with a mean tempera
ture for July of 94 degrees Fahren
heit, 20 degrees hotter than the
average for the hottest month in
New York.
Service in the government and ad
ministration; routine work for ship
ping companies and banks; trade
in products of the land; the im
portation of goods—all these go
their routine way, uninterrupted by
the murderous climate.
Only by constant work can the
white man stand the climate and
forget the heat. No idle man could
endure it here. Except for a few
nurses in the hospital, no white
women live in Massaua in summer.
Then, the families of white employ
ees go to the high plain of Hama
sien, the real center of Eritrea.
The harbor of Massaua is the only
place in Eritrea where large ships
can tie up at docks to discharge
their passengers and cargo. For
this reason it was here that the
landing of Italian troops and war
materials took place.
Fopulation Is Much Mixed.
The native population is a color
ful mixture. Here you see some
pure Ethiopian Hamites; also, al
ways near the coast, many Semitic
Arabs who invaded the land partly
as conquerors, partly as traders, or
as members of that uncertain class
between the two. Where there are
Arabs in the East there is usually
the negro, ton—from many parts of
Africa. Arabs have been slave trad
ers for centuries, especially along
these coasts. In this district the
sea route seems to have been the
simplest; one finds here more So
mali negroes than Sudanese.
Recently a new element has come
—the Indian traders, common now
in nearly all places on the east
coast of Africa. It is they who, in
the main, bring cheap Japanese
wares into the retail trade of the
country.
Arabs, on the other hand, carry
most of the Red sea local traffic in
their sambuks, or baby clippers,
whose form has changed but little
with passing centuries.
The Dahalach islands, facing Mas
saua, are the center of Arab pearl
fisheries and mother-of-pearl deal
ers.
Behind the smooth surface of Mas
saua’s harbor entrance stretches a
broad lagoon, from which glaring
sun draws a trembling vapor. Back
of the lagoon rise the jagged out
lines of what one at first takes to
be white sand dunes, quivering in
the heat like a mirage, ghostly in
their detached existence. Every
where the heat rests like a curse
on all living creatures.
Yet, since man cannot escape this
heat, he has put it to work. Here
is one of the largest salt works on
the Rod sea coast. What one thinks
are white sand dunes are really
huge piles of white salt!
Salt Industry Flourishes.
In wide, flat basins connected by
canals with the Red sea, salt water
evaporates perhaps more quickly
than anywhere else in the world. In
the salt pans of Massaua, the Afri
can sun evaporates in a single day
almost 2,000,000 gallons of water.
To this terrific heat Massaua owes
an important part of its income—
from the export of salt.
From the evaporating pans na
tive workers scrape the salt into
cone-shaped piles. Thereby the last
vestige of moisture is drained and
the space is made immediately
ready for the next water supply. The
sun is an investment here and must
not be allowed to shine unused.
With pails and shovels, a troupe of
half-naked natives throw themselves
into the work. In an endless chain,
like the buckets on a big dredge,
they go, one carrier behind another.
You see the piles of salt grow
higher minute by minute, quickly
becoming a pyramid about 15 feet
high—a new addition in the row of
many hundred similar salt pyra
mids. Here the. stand, the proper
ty and investment of the Italian
“Societa per le Saline Eritrie,” and
await the buyer. He comes, unex
pectedly enough, from Japan!
Much of Japan’s raw-salt needs
are met by Eritrea. To get this
African salt, Japan sends specially
built freight steamers to the Red
sea.
The Climb to Asmara.
In summer, Massaua Italians
speak of Asmara, the colony’s cap
ital city, as paradise.
The air route from Massaua to
Asmara is barely 40 miles. The
railroad and the highway are al
most twice as long; they wind up
to where Asmara stands nearly
8,000 feet higher than Massaua.
One climbs into the four-coach
train which makes the one and only
daily run to Asmara. At first the
road lies over fairly even country,
dotted with a few palms and low
sycamores. Panic-stricken by the
noise of the locomotive, a lonely,
long-legged ostrich flees across the
fields.
Slowly now the track begins to
climb; and the temperature sinks.
Mountain slopes become greener,
and one can see fruit-bearing cac
tus, and a little later also the first
euphorbia, typical plant of the Ethi
opian highland.
Over this easy route men now
travel at high speed. Four hundred
years ago, a certain group moved
over it slowly, painfully, in one of
the strangest undertakings in the
history of colonization. Here in the
summer of 1541 Dom Christovao da
Gama, “a strong hero, whose heart
seemed to be made of iron and
steel,” together with 400 of his Por
tuguese warriors, inarched under
incredible hardships from Massaua
to the high plateau. Neither ad
venture nor chance to loot drew
them; their urge was to save Chris
tianity in the world's oldest Chris
tian kingdom.
At that time a powerful Moslem
general, Mohammed Gran, “the
left-handed.” had decided to make
Abyssinia a Moslem land. He had
wiped out the Christian Ethiopian
emperor's army, slaughtered the
Christian population, and burned the
churches. It was to check Moham
med Gran and to aid the Christian
emperor that young Christovao da
Gama, the fourth son of Vasco da
Gama and brother of the governor
of India at that time, came to As
mara. Though da Gama was cap
tured and put to death and most of
his faithful followers fell in battle,
through their sacrifice a rare old
culture was saved to the world.
On Congeniality—
Companionship Plus Adjustments
Is Far Better Than Loneliness
IN EVERY family, whether little
J or large, and however small or
spacious the dwelling may be,
j there are times when conflicts
| arise because of unwanted con
tacts. Some special place may
be desired above all others by one,
or possibly two, in conference and
a second or a third person coming
: in and wanting that particular
room also is a cause of dissension.
There may be no lack of affection
between the people, but a tem
porary ruffling of personalities
which is disturbing. When living
quarters are congested, these
occasions arise frequently, but
they are not limited to such con
ditions. There are these con
vergencies, with their annoying
discords, regardless of space, or
the lack of it, and numbers of
persons, or the fewness of them.
It would appear to be partly a
similarity of tastes as well as
the popularity of the spot, what
ever it is, that was an element
of the magnetic force drawing the
people together.
Transient Dissension.
It is true that instances are rare
in which such trouble is more
than a passing dissension. But
this is enough to set the persons
in bad humors for a few moments
anyway, unless one or more of
them has enough understanding
of the situation to smooth others,
or has a keen sense of humor,
which sense is like oil to ma
chinery in keeping things running
without friction.
Congeniality.
It should be remembered that
congeniality is one cause for this
convergence of persons. The same
things are liked, the same im
pulses are present, and enjoyment
100,000 Miles of Fence
The longest barricade on record
was the 100,000 miles of fence bult
in Australia about 20 years ago
to protect it from a plague of rab
bits, tens of millions of which
overran the country and at times
devastated vast areas of fertile
land, not only eating all crops,
grasses, roots and bushes, but
even the bark of the trees.—Col
lier’s Weekly.
and discord are both caused by
much the same things. Each of
these persons is drawn to the
same things and to the same
places, and so naturally meet in
the same room in the home, or
the identical spot. If there is the
desire to be alone, resentment is
stirred by the presence ot an
other. It is at such times that
tact and kindliness are needed. I
am assuming that love is not lack
ing. Without this essential ele
ment in home life, there will be
discord anywhere and at any time,
if not, indeed, at all tmes.
Loneliness.
When harmony is desired, and
clashes of temperaments of those
caused by such things as are under
discussion today, exist, it is well
to bring oneself up with a round
turn by thinking of the loneliness
that would be felt if we did not
have our family about us. During
absences from home, or when one
is left there when others are away,
the realization of what it means
to be alone and also together,
creeps into the mind and it is
warmed by the very thought of
companionship of dear ones.
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
A Peaceable Man
A peaceable man doeth more
good than he who is well-learned.
A passionate man tumeth even
good into evil, and easily believeth
evil. A good peaceable man tum
eth all things to good.—Thomas •
Kempis.
.- - ~—-—s
Etiumii )
"I hare won om 301
awards lor baking and
ban used many brands 4
balunj powder. Inowasa
Clabber Girl, inhsirely."
Mrs. M. E. Rynersea
Indiana Slate Fair Wlneer
I
ONLY
10*
Yaw Grocar
Hat II
t
Young and Old, Alike, Need Vitamin B
for Keeping Fit.* Supplied in Quaker Oats
• Nervousness, constipation, poor appetite know no S
age limits. They prey upon the energy of thousands 1
■when diets lack a sufficient amount of the precious
Vitamin B so richly supplied by a Quaker Oats breakfast.
So serve the whole family a bowl of Quaker Oats *
every morning.
• Where poor condition it due to lack of Vitamin B S
Boy SCOUTS %
USE MV POND
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SKATIN© RACES?lf *
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- ^5?eRe>««7 AGAIN.'SHE KNOWS^
YOU DIDN'T VOU SCARCELY SLEPT
' NEED -toTAKE A WINK LAST NIGHT...
- ThS°POOR* J“TIS|eD,°ESN'T ‘
\ MAN'S HEAD MC <-*Ktr •
“rS off/ Hfanfcn
f* WHAT IF I ? WELL, VOU KNOW
AM CROSS ? WHAT THE DOCTOR
: VOU WOULD TOLD YOU l HE
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I’ COULDN'T SLEEP COFFEE -NERVES.' |
...AND HAD MY -“1
HEADACHES AND AW, TELL X
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L-l n,-— FLY A KITE .' NO
1/ ONE BELIEVES
. that bunk/ *?
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I TRY IT . .. IF IT K*
} WILL HELP KEEP f
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l|Bfc~ WILL DRIVE ^
BBpjr me out/ ^B
30 DAY* LATER
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Your husband
is certainly A .
JOLLY SOUL.' HE 5
HAVING THE TIME
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/but.
ACTHU*
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