SEEN
and
HEARD
ardund the
NATIONAL
CAPITAL
fty Carter Field ^
Washington — Nervous store
owners, big and little, are wondering
what sort of a report the commis
sion sent to Europe by President
Roosevelt to study co - operatives
will make.
Some of the brain trusters are
reported to have cooled off con
siderably since the dispatch of the
commission. At first blush, after
Secretary of Agriculture Henry A.
Wallace's book "Whose Consti
tution" came out, it struck them as
a splendid idea. In fact that was
why the President sent the commis
sion to Europe to determine first
hand what had happenecfto the ex
periments along that line over
there.
It seems a safe prediction for the
moment that no report calculated
to alarm the merchandizing busi
ness of this country will be allowed
to come out before election. If some
of the remarks being made about
the whole idea in inside adminis
tration circles are indicative of the
general official attitude, tradesmen
need not worry at all.
But there is no way of telling.
Wallace docs not change his mind
very rapidly, as quite a few Brain
Trusters and others have dis
covered. He is still Secretary of
Agriculture, having survived bat
tles with George N. Peek, contact
with Rexford G. Tugwell, and
sharpshooting from many others.
And obviously Wallace had given
considerabe thought to the subject
before insisting on its necessity so
positively in his book.
His idea is very simple. Long a
strong advocate of farmer co-op
eratives, many of which have been
very successful, Wallace is pursuing
the same objective in promoting
consumer co-operatives.
It’s the age old target—the
spread between what the farmer
gets and what the consumer pays.
Both Helpless
In the WPA produced play,
“Triple A Plowed Under,” being
put on in a number of theaters by
WPA casts throughout the country,
there is one scene bearing on this.
The farmer comes up to a greedy
looking individual seated at a table
with a quart bottle of milk.
“How much do I get?” he asks.
“Three cents,” says the middle
man.
Commenting that it cost him
more than that to produce, the
farmer says:
“I’D take it.”
A second later a poor looking
woman comes up with a bottle.
“Hfiw much is a quart of milk?”
she asks.
“Fifteen cents,” says the middle
man.
“That is all 1 have, but I’ll take
it," she says sorrowfully.
The point of the act being that
both producer and consumer are
helpless, having no alternative.
Part of the trouble, Mr. Wallace
believes, is solved by farmer co
operatives. But though these have
been successful, the fact remains
that there is still a wide spread
remaining between what the farmer
gets—even through a co-operative—
and what the consumer pays.
So Mr. Wallace wants to reduce
this spread by having the con
sumers .organize too.
So the much berated milk trust
may find Itself with a few TVA type
of yardsticks applied to its profits,
to determine whether its profits are
not much too large.
Income Tax
Treasury Department experts
have about reached the conclusion
that they would like to have the
so-called capital gains and losses
section of the income tax repealed.
Great Britain has never had such
a provision, and. our Treasury ex
perts think has not suffered for its
lack.
It will be recalled that the whole
country was shocked, a few years
ago, when it discovered that J.
Pierpont Morgan had not paid any
American income tax for several
years in the early part of the de
pression, though he had paid taxes
in Great Britain for the same years.
Simply stated the point is this.
If an American bought a residence
for $6,000 in 1927, and sold that
property in 1929 for $9,000, his in
come tax return made on March 15,
1930, must show a profit of $3,000,
which would be taxable as income
for that year.
Or if the buyer of that house sold
it in 1932 for $4,000, he could deduct
bis loss, $5,000, from his 1932 in
come as reported in March, 1933.
Precisely the same is true of
profits or losses on stocks, bonds or
any other property.
Whereas in Great Britain that
sort of thing is regarded as capital
—not income—and neither profits
are charged as income for any par
ticular year, nor losses allowed as
deductions from income for the
year in which the deal was con
cluded.
Economists generally have
agreed that the British system is
more equitable, does not subject
the taxpayer to piled up taxation in
one year, does not encourage
booms, and for many other reasons.
Due to the exposure of Mr. Mor
gan’s failure to pay income taxes
in certain years when he had heavy
losses, however, the American cap
ital gains and losses was changed
to a ”head> I win tails you lose”
plan.
Profit and Loss
The taxpayer still has to pay the*
full income tax on any profits made
by sales. But he can deduct losses
up to only $2,000 net for any one
year.
So if you make $10,000 on selling
some property one year, you pay
full taxes on that $10,000, which
probably shoots you up into pretty
stiff surtaxes.
But U you lose $10,000 the next
year on similar sales you can de
duct only $2,000 from your income
in computing the income tax.
Politically, of course, the theory
was that the $2,000 exemption would
let out all the small fry, and there
were not enough of the big fellows
to make an effective protest.
But now the Treasury wants to
change the whole thing, go to the
British system, for reasons having
no connection whatever with the
political change effected after Mr.
Morgan’s testimony had surprised
the country.
The Treasury’s studied conviction
is that it costs more to collect this
capital gains and losses part of '.he
income than it is worth!
It is not disturbed by the enor
mous trouble to which it puts the
man or woman making out an in
come tax — checking the date on
which the property or securities,
were bought, the exact price, less
commission, etc., and then the date
of sale, less expenses, etc. But it is
highly disturbed by the tremendous
job of going over these returns,
checking them for error, and then
checking back to the original
sources to discover if the taxpayer
is (1) correct in his calculation and
(2) honest in making them.
Of course, tens of thousands of
such returns are from people who
do not pay any income tax at all.
Their gross income exceeds the
minimum at which a return is
required, but their exemptions
bring them below the taxpaying
level.
Politically, however, a real scrap
may develop.
Lack Big Names
Lack of nationally known names
of the right political and geographi
cal background is one of the reasons
why there is so much pressure on
Governor Alfred M. Landon to
change his campaign tactics, go af
ter President Roosevelt roughshod,
and make what might be called a
“rousing” campaign.
The Democrats have a wealth of
such names. Vice President John
N. Gftrner does not allow his name
to be used much—did not in the
1932 campaign—but -here arc plenty
of others. From the standpoint of
Democratic campaign strategy
there is no geographical barrier; a
man from Maine is just as good as
a man from Texas.
There was a time when the Demo
cratic publicity bureau might have
hesitated to use the name of Senator
William G. McAdoo, for example.
Too many people were bitter
against him because of the fight
that developed at Madison Square
Garden, with its religious back
ground, There was a time when the
Democrats would have hesitated to
use the names of a lot of Southern
senators and prominent house mem
bers. They feared the cry of “South
ern domination” might be raised
against them in the South and West.
It is rather curious how such
things rise, become important, and
just fade away. But it just so hap
pens that in this campaign the Dem
ocratic party is not disturbed at
possible reactions agair.&t any of
its possible speakers or givers of
interviews because of factional
groups or geography.
Whereas the Republicans are
handicapped both ways. There is
the most earnest effort to retain
the All Western complexion for
the Republican ticket that de
veloped at the Cleveland convention.
There is also an equally earnest
effort to supress most of the old
guard names, or anything as
sociated in the mind with them.
Seripus Problem
As there are few nationally known
Republicans in the South which
carry any weight, and as the new
crop of Republican leaders both
East and West have not had suf
ficient advertising to make them
carry much weight with the de
sired audience, the problem is very
seious indeed.
Three of the best known names
among Republican senators, James
Couzens of Michigan, Hiram W.
Johnson of California, and George
W. Norris of Nebraska, are sup
porting Roosevelt.
When the list of prominent Repub
licans is whittled down, outside the
two candidates and the chairman of
the Republican National committee,
there is only one which stands out
with sufficient prominence, and to
whom there is no objection. This
is Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg
of Michigan. There is Herbert C.
Hoover, of course, prominent in
deed, but also with serious liabili
ties in that so many people are so
strongly against him. Anyway, what
the Republicans want is not a com
parison of Roosevelt days with
Hoover days, but with Coolidge
days.
All of which explains, in part at
least, why so much of the speech
making on the Republican side this
campaign up to date has been done
by the National Chairman John D.
M. Hamilton.
C Bell Syndicate.-—WNU Service
Spare Moments in Norway Are Spent on the Trousseau.
Prepared by National O+ioirraphlc Society,
W&ahlngton, D. C.—WNU Service.
AUGUST is harvest time in
Norway. Since most rural
/ families are mainly depend
ent for their winter’s food on
what they themselves prepare, it is
therefore a particularly busy time.
A visit to a typical Norwegian
farm at this season would imply
your sharing their whole-hearted
work as well as their equally whole
hearted jollity afterwards. The ac
tivities of harvesting and merry
making would keep you busy on any
of the thousands of small farms
which skirt the long twisting fjords
or utilize what level land there is
along the rushing rivers in moun
tain valleys.
Glance for a moment at Halling
dal, a long valley which winds
through the central section of Nor
way. For most of its length it is
only one or two farms wide, for the
mountainsides rise steeply from the
river bottom. This valley is familiar
to those who have traveled by rail
from Oslo to Bergen.
By the daily train it is possible
to reach Hallingdal's villages,
around which cluster farms of typi
cal rural Norwegian families. If you
should visit such a family, you could
participate in their harvesting—but
only after being welcomed by shar
ing their food, even though it be
just a nibble of fruit, fresh leaf let
tuce, little curled anchovies, and
sheets of crisp flatbread.
Clouds sweeping over the moun
tains and across the valley serve
warning that it may rain before
dusk. The hay from the higl* mea
dow should be in the barn before
then. All hands must seize rakes and
hurry to the meadow for a race with
the weather.
Haying In Hallingdal
The Hailing farmer still uses a
hand scythe and never mis«es a
tuft hidden away in the fence corner
or along the river bank. Every spear
of grass is valuable. The youngest
child follows the workers to glean
the wisps that the others have
missed. They all help load the sweet
dry hay into a little hayrack made
of unstripped birch saplings
This is hauled to the barn by hand,
for the little pony has been sent to
the mountain meadow for the sum
mer along with the cattle, so that
every bit of grass on the home farm
could be made into hay for the long
winter. The hayrack is not a heavy
load to push except for the last little
way up the log runway into the
mow, which can be taken with a
rush and a whoop.
Before long all the hay is stowed
from that meadow, from the edge of
the dark spruces on the mountain
side to the dusty bank of wild straw
berries by the roadside. Then every
one can hang the wooden rakes
along the log wall of the woodshed
and enjoy an out-of-doors “coffee”
picnic of coffee, little cakes, and
wild berries strung on grass stems.
The coffee cloth has been spread
out on the grass under a wild cherry
tree.
While the young women of the
family are busy in the fields, the
grandmother who is too old to help
spins wool for the winter supply of
gaily patterned socks and mittens.
On lonely farms, housewives eager
ly watch the road and discuss the
probable errand of every passer-by.
Down by the river there is a field
of "green.” barley to be cut while
there is still sap in the stalk and
the grain has just reached the milk
stage. This is dried over racks in
the field. Then it is very prickly to
load.
Then Barley and Rye
When the hay is a!! in, the bar
ley and rye grow ripe. The farmer
cuts through the shimmering golden
fields with great swings of his
scythe. At each stroh' the grain
falls in a neat semicircle on the
ground. Then it is bound into bun
dles to be shocked spirally around
tall saplings stuck in the ground.
There is a little red ladder to climb
up with the top bundles. In this
section of Norway the grain is not
threshed at harvest time, but later
on during the winter, when the
horse is home from the mountain
pastures and can be hitched to the
crude treadmill in the barn.
The herds of cattle, goats, and
horses during the summer grazing
in the mountains are tended by
either a youngs unmarried daughter
or an old woman. The life of a sum
mer dairy maid has been celebrated
in song and saga for hundreds of
years. She lives in a small log hut
with turf roof, passing her days
milking cows and goats, making but
l
ter and tending the huge iron cal
drons in which milk is slowly sim
mered to make rich cheese. She
sets off to the upland pastures riding
a pony which is loaded with empty
tubs as well as with her few belong
ings. Later, when a brother visits
her hut to bring supplies, he will
collect the tubs filled with butter
and cheeses and carry them back
to the homestead.
The cattle are small brindly
beasts with spreading brass-tipped
horns. They have not been bred for
quantity milk production. Little at
tention seems to be paid to breed
ing. Often a cow will give only a
quart or so at milking. If you won
der why such a cow is tolerated,
you may receive such an explana
tion as this: "Ja, but she is small,
and does not eat much, either, that
cow.” In a land where every spear
of hay has value, this is an argu
ment of great weight.
Food Mostly Home-Grown
Aside from the fine white cake
flour, which is imported from Amer
ica, most of the family food is pro
duced at home. Barley, rye and
oats are milled locally, the miller
getting a share of the meal and
flour for his work. The garden
yields stores of cabbages, potatoes,
and root vegetables for the winter.
Potatoes too are an important crop,
for they are on the family’s daily
menu and, along with birch twigs,
form a staple item in the winter
diet of the cattle.
Nature is lavish here with a large
number of berries, both wild and
tame. Masses of wild strawberries
grow along the roadsides. There are
currants from which to make sweet
wine; wild cherries, the juice oi
which is bottled to make soup and
puddings; the little wild “mountain
cranberries,” which make delicious
jam to serve with pork or roast
ptarmigan; and, best of all, the
arctic cloudberry, growing in the
mountain - top sloughs. This last,
when stored in great crocks, keeps
through the winter, without cooking
or other preservation.
Only with such a variety of pro
visions can the Norwegian family
continue the alternation of work,
rest, and eating which is farm
routine. First thing in the morning,
coffee and cakes are brought to the
family in bed. As soon as they are
dressed, there is a large breakfast
with more coffee, bread and butter,
and all sorts of pickled fish and
sausage and goat's-milk cheese to
put on it. At 11 o'clock work pauses
for another snack, which is break
fast all over again.
There is a heavy dinner about
one-thirty and then a siesta. Yes.
you may be surprised, but this “old
Spanish custom” is firmly en
trenched in the rural sections of
this energetic northern climate. Af
ter the nap there are more coffee
and cakes before the work of the
afternoon is begun.
The last real meal of the day is*
the evening porridge, at about 8 or
9 o'clock. This meal is unvarying
except just after a slaughtering,
when a blood pudding is substituted
for the usual dish. This porridge is
a thick, leathery gruel made of
parched barley meal.
All Put In The Stabbur
The yearly harvests of cereals,
the cheeses, cured meats, bread,
and cakes are stored in the stabbur.
The stabbur, or storehouse, is a
typical feature of the Norwegian
landscape. It is built of logs on high
mushroom-shaped stilts as a pro
tection against marauding insects
and rats. Elaborately carved, it is
guarded against the weather by a
coat of wood tar. The front porch of
the structure is reached by a flight
of plank steps separated from the
building by a sort of moat of air
across which thieving animals
would find it difficult to leap.
The wrought-iron key, which fits
a wooden lock in the heavy carved
door, takes two hands to turn. The
door opens into a small dark room
with heavy log walls unbroken by
windows. There are large bins of
various kinds of meal and flour,
each with a brightly painted wooden
scoop hanging above it. On shelves
are stacked cheeses of many kinds.
There are gay wooden boxes full of
cakes which had been baked in the
spring when the cream was rich.
In one corner on a low platform,
sheets of rye and barley flatbread
with crinkly edges, temptingly
brown, are piled almost to the ceil
ing. It has been made of stiff unleav
ened dough rolled into round paper
thin sheets and browned on the
bakehouse stove.
Shirtwaister for School Girl
*
1959-B.
Here is the frock for juniors to
make for school days. A com
bination of rhythm in its hemline,
rhyme in its color scheme and
racy in its style. For late sum
mer wear, try tub silk, linen, cot
ton or shantung with long or short
sleeves. For autumn and winter
—“tweedy” silk crepe or broad
cloth.
The waist, gathered slightly to
the shoulder yoke front and back,
has a center pleat and pockets for
trimming. Buttons—a matter of
choice. A small collar, tie, and
belt complete this most effective
frock. By way of suggestion,
make the collar and cuffs in con
trast, and detachable to be readi
ly removed for laundering.
Barbara Bell Pattern No. 1959-B
is available for sizes 8, 10, 12, 14
and 16. Size 12 requires two and
Defendant Not Held
for Act of His Arm
A lawyer, defending his client
on a charge of housebreaking,
concluded his speech: “Your
Honor, I submit that my client did
not break into the house at all. He
found a window open and merely
inserted his arm and • removed
several trifling articles. Now, sir,
my client’s arm is not himself and
I fail to see how you can justly
punish the whole individual for
an offense committed by his limb.”
“Very well,” said the judge, “I
sentence the defendant’s arm to
two years’ imprisonment.”
The defendant smiled, un
screwed his artificial arm, and
left the court without it.
A Mother's Care
Some day we may know just
how much of the progress we en
joy should be credited to our
mothers. We may, some day, be
able to figure that out. But never
will we be able to measure the
love, the patience, the forgiving
spirit, the sacrfice she gave us.
Nether will we ever be able to
know how much of nobility, virtue,
and character she gave us, be
cause these greater things are in
tangibles and Mother herself
knows not the measure of her
giving. In these—as in all things—
she gives without stint, and keeps
no record.—R. E. Hicks.
three-eighths yards of 35-inch ma
terial with one-third yard of 35
inch contrasting material and one
yard of ribbon for bow. With long
sleeves it requires two and five
eighths yards.
Send for the Barbara Bell Fall
Pattern Book containing 100 well
planned, oasy-to-make patterns.
Exclusive fashions for children.
young women, and matrons. Send
15 cents for your copy.
Send your order to The Sewing
Circle Pattern Dept., 367 W. Ad
anfs St., Chicago, 111.
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
There are two things which grow
stronger in the breast of man, in
proportion as he advances in
years: the love of country and
religion. Let them be ever so
much forgotten in youth, they
sooner or later present themselves
to us arrayed in all their charms,
and excite in the recesses of our
hearts an attachment justly due
to their beauty.—Chateaubrand.
Carrie Nation
| For years in the 1900’s Carrie
Nation not only demolished
saloons with her hatchet but pub
licly knocked cigars from men’s
mouths and berated women for
wearing evening gowns. Nothing
daunted her until the night she
did her “hatchet act”—for $300—
on the stage of Miner’s Burlesque
on the New York Bowery, when
she was almost drowned in the
heaviest barrage of eggs ever laid
down by an American audience.—
Collier’s Weekly.
HAIR COMING OUT?
Regular use of
Glover's Mange
Medicine and
Glover’s Medicated
Soap for the sham*
poo helps check
excessive Falling
Hair and wards off
Dandruff. An aid to
normal hair growth
and scalp health. Ask your Hairdresser.
Sold‘
at.a
Drug
Stem
WNU—U 38—36
FIRST-AID RELIEF FOR MINOR
BURNS,SCALDS,CUTS
I SOOTHES QUICKLY- HELPS HEALING
For simple bums and cuts, Cuticura Ointment is a wonder
fully soothing dressing. Excludes air from sensitive spots,
relieves irritation, promotes quick healing.
Also helps prevent red, rough hands, promoting a smooth, velvety
whiteness. Use together with fragrant.mildly medicated Cuticura Soap
Each 25c. Write Cuticura” Dept. 22, Malden, Mass, for FREE sample.
_CUTICURA OINTMENT
m^u
GO MRmSK.
BEFORE YOU NEED A QUART
Always adding oil? Then make
the “First Quart” test. It’s easy.
Just drain and refill with Quaker
State. Note the mileage. You’ll
find you go farther before you
have to add the first quart. The
retail price is 33ff per quart.
Quaker State Oil Refining
Co., Oil City, Pennsylvania.
mfmTTI
Neglected Books
“Books are sepulchres of
thought,” sad Longfellow; and if
neglected too many centuries they
become full of old bones.
Seeking Criticism
Did you ever live in surround
ings where you wanted criticism
and couldn’t get it? Such a situa
tion is possible.
PR. PAUL G. PICK /
OF CHICA60 FeP A Variety of Meals l&Cfsr,* y
MT to Human Subjects-THEN X-Rayed Them / /5 .
P to see Which Foods Digest /Host Readily. / r
r " ghlS QUAKER PUFFED RtCE BREAKFAST No.1 / n .
Was Digested in The Stomach 45 Minutes / r, ^ ^
Faster Than Freakfast No. 2. / wz*>
W'»% /
W INNER >-* /
f THIS FAMED RICE FOOD s
IS SHOT FROM GUNS. M
’ ONLY QUAKER MAKES IT K,
SO CRUNCHY, CRISP AND ^
\ FLAVORY. EVEN THE ^
PACKAGE IS TRIPLE SEALED!
L TO GUARD FRESHNESS.^