SEE N and HEAR around the NATIONAL CAPITAL By Carter Field FAMOUS WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT Washington.—Representative James p. Kuchana n, chairman of the house appropriations commit tee, is far from the rebel, bedevil ing President Roosevelt, that he has been mnde to appear In the re cent dispatches from Warm Springs and Washington. Actually he is a memlter of the team, and at the moment Is doing yeoman service for the •‘quarter back,” as Mr. Roosevelt sometimes likes to style himself. Ills present play of forcing the president's hand on economy and budget balancing, his hopes that the President will eventually be In agreement with him, despite his own admission that he—Buchanan—Is a ‘fanatic” on bodget balancing, Is all part of a very shrewdly calculated drama, not entirely unconnected with the election campaign next year. For Roosevelt himself Is thor oughly convinced not only of the necessity for making a very strong play toward economy In his budget message next month, and of paint ing a picture Indicating that the budget will be balanced In due time, bat also of the necessity of some extra* dinar? method of making the country believe he means It. He has been told very frankly that the very Interests he most wants to placate—to win over to the conviction that, from an eco nomic and fiscal standpoint, he Is perfectly safe—distrust his words. He has been told that It will take a great deal of skill to convince them he really Intends to do what he may promise In that budget mes aage. Hard-boiled cynics are very diffi cult to convince by mere words, es pecially when some of those cynics believe firmly that the speaker of the words has fooled them before. So the problem was to stage a little drama In advance of the budget message, which would lead up to It, and pave the way for Its being believed. Would Cut Budget Deficit It wasn't Just a trial balloon which the Texas congressman sent up when he talked about cutting the budget deficit down to half a billion dollars for the year begin ning July 1, next, and to scratch for the following year, after which expenditures were to be kept with in Income. The Idea Is to have the country read the President’s budget prom ises next month with the knowledge that the head of the house appro priations committee wants to go even further toward budget balanc ing than the President himself I If the New Dealers had figured for a month they could not have devised a more convincing plan for persuading the country—not Just of the President's Intentions, but that they would be carried out. For Mr. Buehnnan is far from be ing Just a congressman. He Is chairman of the one committee in the house that handles nil appro priations. Subcommittees appoint ed by him and working under him scrutinize the proposed expendi tures for every governmental de partment and agency. House mem bers as a whole are very prone to follow the recommendations of the house appropriations committee. For one thing, It provides them a very simple and effective alibi for their votes. It saves lots of em barrassing explanations to critical constituents. Moreover, business Is perfectly aware that at the other end of the Capitol, the appropriations commit tee Is presided over by Carter Glass of Virginia, who was so worried about national credit and the ad ministration’s spending policies that he wanted to cut the famous four-bllllon-dollar bill last year to two billion dollars. Senators do not pay as much attention to commit tee recommendations as do house members, but Mr. Glass and Mr. Buchanan will both he on the con ference committee that will iron out differences between the two houses. Lewis Vs. Green That John L. Iiewls, president of the United Mine Workers of Amer ica, has all the cards In the Inter union labor battle, as far as Issues are concerned, most labor leaders here privately agree, and would win the fight promptly If his name were William Green. Or to put It more succinctly. If he had Green’s personality, and Green’s background, and Green's friendships. The American Federation of La bor is marching toward vertical, or Industry unions, and away from the old form of cruft unions. But the oligarchy of the federation leans heavily toward Green, their presi dent. Not only do the majority of the leaders distrust I,ewis, but they Include many who actively dislike him. Iiewls, many of them say private ly, has been a successful fighter for the United Mine Workers. He has been aggressive, battling every mo ment. But he never knew when to lay his fighting manners aside. As a result. In conferences of labor lenders he has tried to ride over his colleagues Just as though they were nothing but capitalists, and with all the contempt in his expres slon, both facial and by words, as If they were trying to stnrve his followers into submission. Entirely aside from all this per sonal feeling, many of them point out that battling for the Mine Workers, successful as It has been so far ns winning each battle that came up was concerned, has proved rather disastrous for the workers In the long run. If Lewis had been head, for In stance, of the automobile workers, and they had followed him with the same percentage of loyalty that the coal miners have demonstrated, the story would be very different. For In the case of the automo bile Industry, It has been expand Ing year by year. Every season It needed more workers than the sea son before. Not only was the de mand for Its product growing, but there was no other Industry com peting with It—taking away Its markets. Success a Backfire In the coal Industry, however, there has been active comiietltlon from oil, both for ships and for fac tories, and even for homes. There has been the rapid development of gns and electrical competition. For example, the electrification of the Pennsylvania railroad from New York to Washington. And there has been a very heavy slump In Inter national trade, which accentuated the slumping curve of railroad coal consumption, also shipping, espe cially the big trunk lines lending to ports. So that In boosting the price of coal by Increasing wages, Lewis' success has had a decided bnckflre. This Is not the sort of point that usually gives labor leaders much pause. Itut they cite It as showing thnt Lewis lacks Judgment. However, several very large em ployers, who hnve been operating virtually open shops for some time, have told labor leaders privately they do not object to letting their present company unions—forced by NKA — Into vertical or Industry unions. What they are worried about Is having to deal with twen ty to thirty different craft unions, which frequently, they have ob served In other concerns, get Into quarrels among themselves and pro duce strikes which are not to be blamed, even by the workers, on their employers. They want to be able to settle all their lubor troubles with one set of officials—with one union. And they have served notice that they will fight to the death against the organisation of their workers Into the present craft unions. Farley Shocks Them The brain trust wing of the ad ministration, as distinguished from the practical political wing, was shocked beyond words at the re marks of Postmaster Jim Farley at Denver before the Colorado Demo cratic central committee. Mr. Farley’s words, which so aroused the brain trusters who have been made sick at heart again and again at having their legislative ideas “mangled" on Capitol Hill, were: "The second error is thnt the delegation In the national legisla ture are expected to be mere rub ber stamps to carry out the will of the President On the contrary, let me assure you thnt the member of Independent habit and Judgment Is the one most appreciated by the administration. It Is the President's function to recommend legislation. To advise congress wlmt he deems requisite for the welfare of the na tion. Those who have faith In his judgment go along with him, but there Is neither pressure brought on the congressmen to follow the President’s lead, nor hostility or reprisal for those who differ with him. It Is rare that any Important measure goes through without amendment. So much for thnt!’’ The exclamation point at the con clusion of this paragraph appears In the official text, and most people at Washington, of whatever polit ical persuasion, and In whatever of flee, agree that the punctuation Is correct. Turning on the Heat Now if ever In the history of Presidential dealing with Capitol Hill more heat was turned on by the White House to win senators away from the Giass-Adams side of this controversy, and get them to vote for the nearly live billions which the administration wanted, old-timers around Washington do not remember It. And remember that Mr. Adams. Just praised by Farley, was one of the ringleaders of the move to cut the appropria tion in half! Rut that was then, while now is something else again. Farley Is not worried about legislation next session. He Is worried about the election That Is his job. Copyright.—wMl* #*rvloo. Culture in Washington The “Spirit of 8t. Louis” in the National Museum. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C.—WNU Service ANY forces make Washing ton, the nation’s capital, a cultural center. They flow from the government Itself, concerned as It is with broad cultural problems and developing within Its departments educational resources of great value; from the many scientific, Industrial, and other associations located here; from the work of the diplomatic mission, and from five great uni versities. Among the world's great store houses of knowledge Is the Library of Congress. It has more than 4>0(X). 000 books and pamphlets, accumu lated from the ends of the earth, Including nearly every book printed In America and the most prized of foreign publications. The most complete collection of Russian and Chinese literature is preserved here. Then there Is the Smithsonian Institution's collection of the pro ceedings of lenrned societies, con stituting the most complete scien tific library in America, and the famous Eolger ‘collection of Shake spearenna housed In a marble pile near the Library of Congress. Other libraries have become pre eminent In special subjects, such as those of the State department, the patent office, the Army Medlcnl museum, the bureau of standards, the geological survey, etc. There are In all more than 200 libraries In Washington, where stu dents are always welcome. American education finds a focal point In the Interior department Its office of education gnthers data from all parts of the nation. Through experiment and experi ence, It converts Its Information Into aid and advice given back to state, county and municipal school officers. Think what It means to students to have access to the researches of the American Council of Education, the National Academy of Sciences, the Natlonnl Research council, the National Geographic society, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Carnegie Institution for the Ad vancement of Peace, and many others. Great Art Galleries. Of art galleries besides the Na tional, there Is the Corcoran, ex hibiting the work of prominent American artists and sculptors. It nlso houses the famous Clnrk col lection of old masters and other Items of European art. The Freer gallery also Illuminates this com bination, with works of James Mc Neill Whistler and orlentnl sculp tures, paintings, bronzes and Jndes. There are also In Washington pri vate galleries open to students of the arts. In such an atmosphere It Is nat ural that seats of higher learning should develop. Five universities now give to Washington the largest proportional student population of nn.v city In the country. In 1701 Georgetown university opened Its doors under the jurisdic tion of the Jesuit order. Second In date of founding Is the George Washington university (then Co lumbian college), chartered by act of congress In 1821. The Catholic Uni versity of America was authorized by Pope la»o XIII in 188‘t, and Is supported by the Roman Catholic church. It has a program of ex pansion to culmlnnte in 11)30-40, when the university celebrates Its fiftieth anniversary. Fifteen build ings of the university already erect ed and 40 religious houses accom modate several thousand students. American university, under the patronage of the Methodist Episco pal church, was chartered In 1803. Seven of Its marble halls are al ready built and In use. Howard university, for the colored race, was chartered by congress In 1807. Founding of Washington University. George Washington wished a na tional university built here. In his will he left 50 shares of stock In the Potomac (Canal) company for Its endowment ‘‘to which the youth of fortune and talent might he sent for the completion of their education and by forming friendships In Juvenile years, be enabled to free themselves . . . from those local prejudices and habitual jealousies . which when carried to excess are never-failing I sources of disquietude to the pub* ! lie mind and pregnant of mis ! chlevous consequence* to this coun try.” ' Pursuant to that project of the l first President, Columbian college was established. The stock which General Washington willed became worthless. But In 1819 Rev. Lu ther Rice, a Baptist missionary, formed a group to buy land for the use of a college. With General Washington's Idea In mind, John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun and others been me patrons of the new college and raised a fund for its use. By 1822 the main building was In use. Two years later President Monroe, John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Mar quis de Lafayette attended lta first commencement. In recent years Herbert Hoover, Calvin Coolidge, General Pershing, Ramsay MacDon ald, prime minister of Great Brit ain; King Albert of Belgium, and King Prajadhlpok of Slam have at tended Its commencements and ad dressed the university body. Its medical school was opened In 1825; in 1826 the law school was organized, discontinued soon after ward, but re-established In 1865. It Is the oldest law school In Washington and was the first In the United States to establish a grad uate course of law. In 1904 congress removed the school from denominational control and provided It with self-perpetu ating trustees, empowered to change Its name. That same year It was re named “The George Washington university." Its enrollment's more than 7,500. Oldest Is Georgetown. Georgetown university is the cap ital’s oldest seat of higher learn ing. Its founding was coincident with the Constitution and the In auguration of our first President. It saw the Maryland legislature raise “George Town” to the dig nity of a city. Treasured among Its archives are records of three vis its to It by George Washington and two by the Marquis de Lafayette. The university’s origin has been traced to the little schoolhouses opened In 1684 at St. Inlgoes, Md., by Rev. Andrew White and his com panions, who came with Leonard Calvert In the Lord Baltimore com pany to found Maryland. .ionn uarrou, in wso, planned the founding of the school where it now stands. Three years later the first building was started, although the deed to land was dated January 23, 1789. Today fhe familiar tow ers of the venerable university dom inate a pleasant, commanding po sition on the north side of the Potomac, called •‘Cohonguroton,’’ or River of Swans, by the Indians. Georgetown’s observatories bn the hilltops are world renowned. The astronomical observatory, with such directors as Secchl, De Vico and Hagen, was built in 1843. The Sels mologicnl observatory, for so many years directed by Francis A. Tou dorf, was erected In 1909. After the World war the na tion needed more men trained for diplomatic service and those skilled In overseas trade; so In 1919 George town set up its school of foreign service, the first of Its kind In the United States. Recently this school had graduates stntlnned In 37 for eign countries. Its great new build ings crown the Potomac hills. National Museum’s Treasures. Nobody has seen everything in the National museum. Nobody could. There Is too much. To see Its 13, OOO.uoo different specimens—at the rate of one thing a minute, work ing eight hours a day—would take more than 74 years I 'I'his museum preserves all col lections of objects of science, his tory, Industry, and art belonging to our government. It Is the store house for specimens that range In size from the tiniest of shells and Insects to airplanes, automobiles, and huge skeletons of fossil ani mals. The whole has been valued at more than $12,000,000. Because of Its host of odd objects that are the only ones of their kind In ex istence, the collection could not be duplicated at any price. The most popular single object today is the "Spirit of St. Louts,” the plane Mown by Col. Charles A. Lindbergh In his lonely voyage on the Mrst nonstop flight from New York to Paris, on May 20 and 21, 1927. You see also the original Langley Mylng machine; the first machine purchased from the Wright Brothers by the United States gov ernment In 190S; the "Chicago” (which In 1924 circumnavigated the globe); the first Liberty engine, and many other Items In the devel opment of aeronautic” Inexpensive, Easy Patchwork Quilts Br GRANDMOTHER CLARK Patchwork quilts as a rule are •iaborate, cost quite a bit and repre ;ent many days of tedious work. This work and cost can be cut down o a minimum as shown in the illus ration. Any of these designs can be ised on eighteen nine-inch blocks ind so arranged to make a full size lullh About three ounces or one t-ard of prints Is all that is required or the patchwork. Folder No. 536 n colors illustrates four ways tp as semble these different designs, also cut mt diagrams for six different patches Ike the above. Information about ardnge required for back, border ind blocks is also given. The folder No. 536 and folder No. 0 vlth other quilting information will >e mailed upon receipt of 10 cents, >r send us 19 cents and we will send older and sufficient beautiful patches io make up the patchwork on one of hese simple quilts. Address Home Craft Co., Dept D, Nineteenth and St. Louis Ave„ St. Louis. Incloee a stamped addressed envelope for reply when writing for my information. IsU Ranks High in Cleanliness Lanai was a cattle ranch 20 years ago, but today is noted for pheas ants and pineapples. Sixth Island in size in the Hawiian group, its Lanai City is called the most im maculately kept American raunlcl lallty in all the Islands. Roofs are minted in various colors, streets are shaded by Norfolk pines and yards clow with hibiscus blooms and flow •ring trees. Child Will Read Story That He Thinks Is Good “Who shall detlne Interest for an other person, compounded as It Is of the raw material of which personal lty Is made?” queries a writer In the Parents’ Magazine, declaring that there Is apt 10 be one of two reasons why a child does not like to read. Cither he has not mastered the tech nique of reading to an extent where no voluntary effort must be exerted or else he has not had access In suffl clent Dumbers to books which corre spond to his Idea of a good story. “Your child will read If he but dis covers the books particularly right for his interests and tastes,” declares the writer whose experiences with children and books has convinced her that there does not live the youngster who will not listen to a good story, and since reading is only a method of listening to a good story, will not read if the book Is about something in which he Is either ac tually or potentially interested; Is written in words and style suitable to his reading ability; has the de gree of advancement suitable to both his emotional and Intellectual age levels. Those two developments, by the way. are at entirely different rates of speed. As the writer adroit ly puts It: “Children do the strang est Juggling and somersaulting as re gards these ages, going into a hand spring a poised adolescent, coming up at the end, an emotional eight year-old.” No Chang* Happy single, iiappy married, is usually the case. Of IMS! 10 1 wistwift I Cukes uih! pies will not burn white baking If a sheet of asbestos is cot and fitted into gas stove oven. • • • To remove iodine that has been spilled od linen or cotton, make m paste of starch a d cold water and spread over stain. Let stand until dry, then brush off. • • • A space should be left between walls of refrigerator and dishes con taining foods to allow free circula tion of air. This preserves the foods. • • • When roasting beef have oven very hot at first to seal in Juices, then reduce heat, cooking more slowly. * * • If skins peeled from apples when making ides are boiled until soft, then strained into pie shell before putting in apples, the flavor of pte Is improved. • • • Electric refrigerators should be cleaned once a month. Wajh out quickly with a lukewarm solution of bicarbonate of soda or borax. • * • In arranging the table for your bridge luncheon you can get the most distinctive effect by choosing e luncheon set of that sheer cathedral linen done In pastel-tinted embroid ery. They are a change from the usual type of Italian linens. © Associated Newspapers.—WNU Service. The Choice of Millions KC BAKING POWDER Doable Tested — Doable Action Manufactured by baking powder Specialists who make nothing but baking powder — under supervision of expert chemists. 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