Hottest of Stars
Found by Science
Shows 180,000 Degrees;
Sun Cool by Contrast.
Cambridge, Mass. — An unnamed
far-off star, whose surface tempera
tare Is 180,000 degrees Fahrenheit,
the highest heat ever measured
anywhere, was described to the con
ference on spectroscopy at the
Massachusetts institute of Tech
nology.
The sun’s surface Is barely 10,000
degrees Fahrenheit. The hottest
temperatures previously reported,
all on stars, were 35,000 to 40,000
degrees Fahrenheit
A blue rainbow—the distant
atar's ultra-violet light—revealed
the Inferno. This star Is a pe
culiar object. It is a sun surround
ed by a nebula, which In the tel
escope looks like a halo—a star
eurrounded by something like the
ring around the moon.
Use New Instruments.
It wns this ring or nebula which
made it possible to read the tem
perature with new Instruments and
new methods. These were described
by Dr. I. S. Bowen of the California
Institute of Technology. The tem
perature rending, he said, was made
by Zanstra, a Dutch astronomer.
The thermopiles widely used to
read the heat rays of distant stars
fail at excessive temperatures, be
cause the heat rays are so weak
that they would show practically
no difference between 100,000 and
200,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
The new method calculates the
heat In a fashion analogous to
studying a fire hidden under a tent,
but hot enough so that some of its
light might be dimly seen through
thin spots in the enveloping fabric.
The star tent Is the nebula around
It This nebula is believed to be a
cloud of gas.
Only the invisible rays from this
gas cloud are used to calculate tem
peratures. They are ultra-violet
and the new Instrument which
makes this clear detection possible
is an aluminum coated mirror, a
device perfected at Cornell univer
sity.
Aluminum catches ultra-violet
rays better than anything previous
ly used. Some of the ultra violet
rays caught In the aluminum mir
ror are exceptionally strong.
Shows Hidden Energy.
This means that there Is some
thing behind them which pours out
Prisoner Jams Lock and
Police Do Jail Break
Reading, Pa.—Police were forced
to do a little "Jail breaking” to give
one of their own prisoners a hear
ing.
Turnkey Robert Munz tried In
rain to open a cell door.
The fact that the prisoner could
not be released did not prevent his
bearing. Officers gave him his hear
ing through the bars.
The prisoner wns found guilty
and In default of fine was sentenced
to jail for 10 days. Before he could
be taken to the Berks county prison
a locksmith was called In. The
lock was jammed with a piece of
■wood.
Child Drops Cigars
and Takes Up Beer
West Paterson, N. J,—Chnrles
(Micky) Norman, four years old,
who used to astound residents of
this community by toddling along
the street with a giant cheroot
gripped In his teeth, has re
formed. He no longer smokes.
But, his family proudly an
nounced recently, Micky loves
beer and “can sit up and drink
It like a man.” He hasn’t had
whisky yet, but may get It later.
His grandmother confided that
letters from all over the nation
criticizing Micky’s addiction to
tobacco caused them to deprive
him of cigars and cigarettes.
V
energy that they absorb and trans
late Into an extra glow—"emission
lines"—in astronomical language.
Calculations show that the source
behind this hidden energy Is ul
tra-violet rays streaming off the
surface of the star. These driving
rays are exceedingly energetic—
they are the radiations some as
tronomers have called the “death
rays.”
They are so named because If
the earth’s atmosphere did not com
pletely screen them out they would
he lethal to some small forms of
life. They might even give man a
bad time.
Though unseen, these rays are
quite accurately calculated by the
aid of the star tent. It Is the cal
culation of their energy which re
veals the enormous heat of the
star’s surface.
Doctor Itowen said that Mr. Zans
tra has observed what he thinks
are still higher temperatures run
ning up to 270,000 degrees Fahren
heit.
No. 1 Wall Street Is
Workshop of “Rich” Felon
Jefferson Cit& Mo.—The finan
cial wizard of tne nation and the
astute business man of the Missouri
state prison may be found at a sim
liar address—No. 1 Wall street.
Backed against the stone walls In
the southeast corner of the peni
tentiary lot, is an attractive story
nnd a half stone house. On the
door Is tacked the address, “No 1
Wall street.’’
Inside lives C. L. Simpson, watch
repairer for the prison and half
the town, cabinet maker and one
inmate In no hurry for a parole.
Serving a life sentence from
Holden, Mo., "Slmmie,’’ as he is
known to his numerous customers,
is reputed to rate financially so
well that the No. 1 Wall street busi
ness Is no Joke. His $5,000 Invest
ed in tools and household furnish
ings backs up the claim.
2>Ton Grapevine
Oregon City, Ore.—A grapevine
planted In 1853 by Joseph Blanch
ard now measures 78 Inches in cir
cumference at the base and has
branches extending 60 feet from
the roots. As many as two tons of
grapes have been taken from the
single vine in a season.
_ i
Egyptologists Find Home of Boy Moses
- -
Ruins of Palace of the Pha
raohs Unearthed.
London.—Ruins of the palace of
Rameses, where Moses spent most
of his early life with the daughter
of I'haraoh, who found him In the
rushes, have been discovered by
Egyptologists.
Macbpelah, the cave In which
IT’S KNITTED!
By CHER1E NICHOLAS
To look at the picture you
wouldn't think that It .Is knitted, but
It actually Is. Which goes to show
what wonders are being per
formed In machine-wrought fnsh
lons. There’s nothing smarter than
to wear modish knits, and the knit
ted vogue Is growing more Impor
tant each season, which It should
since It excels both in comfort and
swank. This versatile costume Is
knitted of nonluster, nnturul tan
color linen with deep brown
stripes, running horizontally for
the waist and diagonally for the
skirt. It Is a dress useful for visits
to town, for Informal afternoon
teas and for both spectator and ac
tive sports wear. Freedom of ac
tion for the latter purpose may be
secured by opening the bottom but
tons of the skirt The fitted, rib
knit waistline molds and controls
the skirt so that It does not hang
straight from the shoulders. Nat
ural wood buttons are used and the
belt Is of dull leather. A patch
pocket appears at the left, below
the tailored V-collar.
I
Sarah, the wife of Abruham was
buried, has also been located.
The first discovery was made by
E. H. Wlnlock of the Metropolitan
Museum or Art, New York.
"El Kantara,” It was announced
here, “which has Just been located
by excavators, Is In all probability,
the city of Raineses, one of the two
treasure cities built by the Pha
raohs after the death of Joseph,
the son of Jacob, when the Israel
ites were held In bondage. Wlnlock
says:
“A study of the decorated tiles
In the palace ruins, which have
been uncovered, gives ample rea
son to believe that they came from
the walls In which traditionally,
the scenes of Moses’ early life were
enacted."
News of the second discovery Is
given In a cable from Rev. W. F.
Rode, director of the Tell-en-Nash
beh expedition of the Pacific School
of Religion. He said:
"When the cave was revealed In
the necropolis of the ancient city
of Mlspah, seven miles north of Je
rusalem, evidence of at least 60
burials was found.
“Many of the remains are of wom
en. Some of the bones may be
those of Sarah, bronze bracelets be
ing found on the forenrms and
ankles.
“We found decorated toggle pins
of bronze, six Inches In length, that
had long since relinquished their
hold on the vnnlshed garments
which they had once ndorned.
"The cave had been the burial
place of thousands before the Is
raelites of Mlspah settled there, for
under the deposits around the en
trance were found fragments of
early Bronze age pottery.”
Largest Switches Are
Built for Boulder Dam
San Francisco.—The largest elec
tric switches ever built are being
completed here for shipment to
Boulder dam.
First tlnlshed sections of the
switches are now being tested at
Stanford university. Each switch—
there are 12 of them—must stand
a charge of 850,000 volts, highest
ever attempted.
In actual service, estlrnntes Au
gustos Bowie, president of the man
ufacturing company making the ap
pliances. they will operate at 287,
000 volts. They will he the only
air-break switches Installed nt the
dam proper and are to be used for
disconnecting the dam’s power sup
ply transmission lines nnd oil
swothes.
The two largest “double" switches
stand 27 feet high when opened
and weigh 55,000 pounds each. The
single switches have base lengths
of 21 feet and weigh 30,000 pounds
each. The singles cost $10,000
while the double ones cost $19,000
Leaving Italy for the Ethiopian Front
Members of the 30th Italian Infantry departing from Naples on a transport for the colonies In blast Africa
and for service In the war against Ethiopia If that contest comes to a head.
SEEN
HEARD
anmnd the
NATIONAL
CAPITAL
By Carter Field
Washington. — Down In South
Carolina. wh#e cotton benefit pay
ments abound and which is so reg
ular in its Democracy that even
the Bishop Cannon movement did
not affect It in 1928, there are said
to be rumblings against the New
Deal.
There are enough rumblings to
decide Col. William C. Harllee, re
tired, of the Marine corps, to throw
his hat in the ring for the senate.
And against none other than Senator
James F. Byrnes, generally regard
ed as the closest follower President
Roosevelt has In the senate, if not
In congress. So close, In fact, that
until Joe Robinson simply turned
himself into a White House rubber
stamp there was very serious talk
of making Byrnes leader In his
place.
Colonel Harllee, who is a grad
uate of West Point but chose the
marines Instead of the army and
has seen service in nearly every
martial theater in which the devil
dogs burned powder, thinks Byrnes
Is too New Dealish to suit the
South Carolina folks. And judging
from some newspaper clippings
which have come to Washington
there are at least a few editors in
the Palmetto state who agree.
Professor Tugwell seems to be
the colonel’s chief target, but he In
sists that he is not a John llaskob
Democrat either—Just a plain, old
fashioned, Jeffersonian, nulllfica
tlonist, pro-Calhoun and antl-Jaek
son, states’ rights, low tariff, Demo
crat.
In fact, he is not for any tariff
at all, sticking strongly by the old
nullificationist doctrine, when South
Carolina held that the federal gov
ernment at Washington had no
right to rear tariff barriers which
would keep foreign goods out of
her ports.
Some very shrewd observers think
that Colonel Harllee just might
make a lot of trouble for the ad
ministration’s falr-halred senator.
They say that the people who put
the money up for Byrnes’ cam
paigns in the past are very disap
pointed in him. Particularly on his
sticking hy the administration on
the processing taxes, and on his
fight for the death sentence In the
public utility holing bill.
Now They Doubt
It just so happens that many of
the Interests that supported Byrnes
In his several races were of the
conservative variety. They liked
Byrnes, all right, but what they
were really anxious to do was to de
feat Cole Blease. Now some of
them are wondering if Blease would
not have voted more often In their
Interests, ns they see them.
“What do you think of Senators
Byrd and Glass of Virginia?” the
writer asked Colonel Harllee. “Es
pecially of the way they have op
posed the administration on a num
ber of Important measures?”
“I wish you would tell your read
ers that I will out-Byrd Harry and
out-Glass Carter,” grinned the colo
nel.
“A great many of our people are
getting tired of this relief thing.
They want to get people to work,
and find them on relief, buying
cheap new cars on time with the
relief money, and just stepping on
the gas. I think Washington Is go
ing to he surprised at some of the
primaries and elections to come, If
the feeling In South Carolina Is
any Indication."
It promises to be rather warm In
South Carolina next spring and
summer!
The Ethiopian Mess
Italy will have no difficulty In
defeating the Ahyssinians in what
ever battles may occur in the ap
proaching war, in the opinion of
high military experts both In our
own War department and In vari
ous embassies here. The trouble
will come after that, they believe,
ns they fully expect there will be
a constant guerrilla warfare for
years during Italian efforts at col
onization.
Hence It Is expected that the
Ethiopian mess, which the rest of
the world Is so anxious to avert, hut
Italy Is so determined to push, will
prove highly costly to the Italian
treasury for many a long day to
come. Experts here figure that
Italy will have to garrison the coun
try, so to speak, with strong forces
at strategic points, and this, of
course, will prove expensive.
Confidentially, for no officer dares
speak on such a situation for pub
lication, our army officers are com
paring the situation to that which
existed for a time after the Span
lsh-Amerlcan war in the Philip
pines. They expect Italy to have
more trouble than the United States
did for several reasons.
For example, some of them say.
It is not likely that any Abyssin
ian leader would walk into any such
trap as clamped Aguinaldo In Amer
ican custody. Incidentally, there is
no great pride, even to this day, in
iur army over that episode. It
smacked a little too much of bad
faith. Of treachery.
Then, too, our military experts
do not believe that any one man In
Abyssinia means as much to the
fighters of that land as Aguinaldo
did to the Filipinos.
Are Good Fighters
But tlie most important distinc
tion of ail, no army officer would
dare, whisper, save on the deep
est pledge of secrecy. But the truth
is that our army officers do not be
lieve tlie Filipinos are in the same
class with the Abyssinluns as light
ers, either physically, morally or
mentally. Opinion here is that the
followers of tlie King of Kings are
pretty tine specimens, capable of
great hardships and valor, and that
in addition they are, at least, ap
proaching the fanatic class. Which
makes them very difficult to handle.
And which promises little in the di
rection of their submitting to the
inevitable after a few spectacular
Italian victories.
That there will be these spec
tacular Italian victories no one here
doubts very much. Opinion is that
no such force as that of the Abys
siniaus, no matter how bruve or
how well directed, could possibly
be a match for the well drilled,
well equipped army the Italians will
send aguinst them. Especially as
Mussolini is apparently taking no
chances. He is not sending out
tlie forlorn hope type of expedition.
He Is pouring men to the vicinity
of the Abyssinian border in num
bers that have amazed the mili
tary experts of the remainder of the
world.
Meanwhile the answer to why
nothing happens is simply one thing
—water. The Italians are waiting
for the rainy season.
Shaves Hoary Legend
Just when the public, for the
first time in a generation, had a
chance to get a liberal education
on the value of seniority in con
gress—Just why the multl-servlce
strlped boys always run the ma
chine—Cactus Jack Garner comes
along and shaves the hoary whis
kered legend!
He is appointing conferees on
important controversies between the
house and senate to suit himself!
Or more accurately, to reflect what
he regards as the majority view of
the senate. There has been no par
ticular protest about this, for In
every Instance his appointees repre
sented the majority view. Had it
been otherwise, in any Instance, a
mere motion would have resulted
in the senate’s naming the con
ferees by vote. Which explains
wliy the senate takes tills upset
ting of an old tradition lying down.
Seldom before has the country
had such a vivid picture of how
legislation is renlly settled—not on
the floors of the house or senate
—not even in the house or senate
committees prior to bringing the
measures on the floor—but in the
conference between the two houses.
After the conferees get through, as
suming they ever agree (and the
probability is that conferees will
agree on nil bills this time) there
is nothing much for the mere mem
berships of tile house and senate
to do except take it or leave it.
And generally, it lias always beeD
take it. Will be this time.
Normally in the past no discre
tion lias been exercised by the pre
siding officers in making the selec
tions. Appointments have almost
invariably been made of the ranking
members of the committee that
handled the bill.
Absurd Rule
Vice President Garner had an
early illustration of the absurdities
this rule sometimes effects. For in
stance, when he was naming con
ferees on the pink slip income tax
publicity repeal bill, lie named the
three ranking Democrats of the sen
ate finance committee, Harrison,
King and George. Also the two
ranking Republicans, Couzens and
Keyes. So far strictly according to
Hoyle.
Rut Couzens didn’t like the sen
ate’s position—was not in sympa
thy with the repeal, as a matter of
fact. So he announced his resigna
tion from the floor. Garner at once
appointed the next ranking Repub
lican, La Foilette. The Wisconsin
man shared Couzens’ views—also
resigned. So Garner appointed the
next ranking Republican, Metcalf.
» Still according to Hoyle. Rut
there was the idea, and Garner an
nounced he would exercise his own
discretion in future.
Contrury to some newspaper ac
counts, he has not tried to use this
power to impose White House will.
It seemed so In the death sentence
of the public utility holding com
pany bill. But the senate had voted
for the death sentence, even If only
by a mnjorlty of one. So Garner
threw seniority to the winds. He
appointed Wheeler, the chairman,
skipped Smith of South Carolina
and Wagner of New York, to pick
administration wheel horse Barkley,
and then skipped Neely, Dieterich,
Lonergan and Long, to pick Brown
of New Hampshire.
On the minority side he skipped
rnnking members Couzens. Metcalf
and Hastings, and picked White.
Then he ignored Davis and picked
Shipstead, who is not a Republican
at all.
On the TVA bill Garner took the
list of conferees from George Nor
ris, daddy of Muscle Shoals. But
on the banking bill he permitted
Carter Glass to name the conferees.
Copyright—WNU Service.
The Ideal Life in Halawa.
TRAVELER, novelist, natural
ist, poet and philosopher
have dreamed consistently
of a “lost land.”
They haven’t wanted to find It
because it would then no longer be
“lost.” They merely wanted proof
of its existence. There would be
the setting for flights of fiction and
fancy. There would be the locale
of romance supreme and undiluted
by fact. It would be peopled by the
fabled “lost tribe.”
It may be the valley of Halawa,
on the island, of Molokai, right
within the boundaries of the United
States.
Few have ever seen it but it is
known to be there, a walled Par
adise, almost as virgin in primi
tive peace and plenty as if it were
the Garden of Eden rediscovered.
What is known as civilization has
not yet dawned there. Steps have
been taken to prevent it from
dawning.
Even the birds have not learned
the almost universal lesson of ani
mate life—that the struggle for ex
istence leads to natural enmity, pit
ting one species and one tribe in
a conflict against another.
An Isolated Eden.
The people are in the same bliss
ful state of isolation* They want
nothing from outside and no one
yet has shown a desire to get what
they have. Impassable walls of rock
shut them out from the land. A
rift gives them an outlook upon the
calm Pacific. Ships pass but do
not stop. Occasionally an airplane
blots the blue sky but never lands.
Buffalo and deer are the only
strangers that have ever Invaded
this quiet valley since its known
history first began. The people,
so far as they can tell, came with
Nuu, the Hawaiian Noah. Nuu
brought very few animals except
song birds. The buffalo and deer
have been introduced since Cap
tain Cook discovered the islands.
The hunter has not followed them
Into Ilalawa. It has been too diffi
Spearing Fish.
cult and deer have been so abun
dant in the open parts of Molokai
that there has been no Inducement.
Halawa wears the purple robes
of a royal domain. Sheer walls,
rich in varied tones, that extend
from blue to orange, rise abruptly
from the floor, festooned richly
with loops of swinging vine and
plumed with arboreal virdure. Over
a vertical precipice at the head of
the vailed two streams pour their
crystal waters, the treble melody
of the singing birds supported by
the diapason harmony of thunder
ing falls.
Purchased for Preservation.
The few families of Polynesians
dwelling here have maintained the
simple customs and habits of their
ancestors. They are as uncon
cerned with the world outside as
are the birds and animals. They
are practically unaware that they
have been "discovered.”
The pineapple and sugar planter
passed them by in the general In
vasion of the islands. Their own
little Eden supplies all their wants.
All that Is necessary to their hap
piness is that they be left alone.
Civilization, however, like nature,
abhors a vacuum and even a lost
land had to have protection from
being found. Some weak spot in
the Halawa walls might have de
veloped but for their recent rein
forcement.
Mr. and Mrs. Paul I. Fagan, of
California and Hawaii, decided that
the valley of Halawa must be left,
if possible, as a legacy to the fu
ture. They have purchased the fi.OOO
acres for the purpose of maintain
ing It in its primitive state with
out exploitation. In the tablelands
above the territory has erected an
other barrier against invasion by
creating a forest reserve of thou*
sands of acres.
No Money Used There.
One of the remarkable customs
that Is being preserved by the
tribe In the Halawa valley is to live
without money. There was no cur
rency among the native Hawaiians
before they were discovered. The
cynic if not the economist may see
In this fact alone a sufficient rea
son for preserving even a small
part of the strange domain in Its
original state.
Peace, plenty and contentment
are the unique characteristics of
Halawa, almost mythical In its con
trast to even the remotest parts of
the known world. There are no pic
nic grounds in these Elysian fields.
It is a place to be spoken of with
awe and wonder, not to be visited.
The title may change hands but
possession has so far remained
with the little hand of aborigines
who still vaguely believe that the
heavens and the waters and the
earth were created for the sus
tenance of mankind, without bene*
fit of deed or abstract of title.
Italian City Designed ■*
for Aviation “Center”
Italy is building a new city—Gul
donia. Recently, Littorla, Sabaudr,
Pontinia and Mussolinla, new towns
which were built as rural centers,
appeared in the news headlines.
Now Guidonla, named in honor of
Alessandro Guidoni, onq of Italy’s
most famous pilots, who was killed:
in an airplane disaster in 1928,
basks In the spotlight of Italy’s
city-building program.
Guidonia is only 10 miles from
Rome, says a bulletin from the
Washington headquarters of the
National Geographic society. Avi
ation caused its construction, and
according to plan, aviation will
dominate its industries. It will, in
fact, be a giant aviation laboratory
manned by scientists and laymen
whose first Interest is research and
experimentation In aviation.
No airplanes or airplane motors
will be built there, but in its
laboratories will be found the most
modern equipment for making all
sorts of experiments on model air
planes. One part of the “labora
tory" will be devoted entirely to
research on flying in the strato
sphere.
When the city is completed, offi
cials and employees will live In
comfortable homes and work in a
carefully planned building. There
will be churches, a city hall,
schools, and construction and other
shops. Most interesting, perhaps,
of the completed buildings are the
mysterious looking towers in which
model airplanes already are being
tested.
In the Radio pavilion, scientists
now experiment .with the use of
radio in aviation. In the three-story
building of the Superior Board of
Studies and Experiments, Intensive
study Is being made of air photog
raphy and of the many instruments
used in airplanes. In other build
ing tests are made on motors,
and the speed of hydroplanes.
The Aerodynamical galleries are
equipped with ventilators worked
by 4u0 horsepower motors that
cause winds of strong velocity to
test the strength of model air
planes.
Smugglers at Heart
Most of us are potential smug
glers at heart. Smuggling Is our
blood inheritance. Our own ances
tors condoned it when resisting the
right of the British parliament to
tax the American colonies. Wom
en, they say, invariably have the
smuggling instinct. There are prob
ably few returning tourists, male
or female, who do not at least feeT
the impulse to put something over
on the customs. This widespread
spirit, often shared even by judges
on the bench, adds to the difficul
ties of the customs bureau in secur
ing convictions nnd stiff penalties.
—Forrest Wilson in Cosmopolitan.
Work
Do your work—not Just your
work and no more, hut a little more
for the lnvishing's sake! that little
more which is worth all the rest.
And if you suffer as you must, and
if you doubt as you must, do your
work. Put your heart into it and
the sky will clear. Then out of
your very doubt nnd suffering will
be born the supreme Joy of life.—
Dean Briggs.