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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (April 4, 1935)
Collision Costs Her Commander His Job A collision between H, U. S. Renown and the Hood In British naval maneuvers off Gibraltar caused the first naval court martial In many years. As a result the commander of the Renown was stripped of his command and ordered to report to the Victory, Nelson's old ship. 'I he repair work necessary on the Renown will prevent that vessel taking part In the Jubilee review in July. The picture shows the Renown arriv Ing at Portsmouth for repairs. Great Barrier Reef Real Jig-Saw Puzzle Ships' Dread Menace Rich in Natural Resources. Washington. — Australia's Great Barrier Iteef, long regarded chiefly as a menace to ships is rich In nat ural resources. A recent survey of this largest coral reef In the world shows that It possesses untold wealth In pearl shell, which may be made Into buttons; nnd that Its shal low waters are rich In turtles, food fish, oysters, nnd sponges. Phos phates, guano and lime from cornl are also possible sources of Income. "If the sea went dry along the east coast of Queensland, In north eastern Australia, a thousand miles of coral 'maze' would he revealed” says the National Geogrnphlc so ciety. "The Great Barrier Beef of Aus trails must not be Imagined as n single structure, however, like the Great Wall of China; It Is formed by myriad reefs, nnd a map of Just one section resembles a Jig saw puz zle. In addition there are the scat tered Isles, high nnd forested, of the Inner zone, nnd the ntols nnd cays, which are true cornl Islnnds. Half-Veiled in Mystery, “In nil the Seven seas there Is nothing so wonderful ns this vast submarine 'curtain' of coral, the largest coral reef In the world, whose nature nnd origin remain half-veiled In mystery. "Tourists from many lands nnd thousands of Australians hnve made the voyage through ‘Australia’s Grand canal,’ the area between the mainland, with Its purple hills, nnd the Outer harrier. A calm and pleasant trip during a portion of the year, It may be perilous In the cyclone season. “Majestic Is the meeting of league-long rollers of the ocenn ami the Great barrier. On days when the sunlit water behind the coral bastion Is calm enough for n canoe, mountainous waves pound the reefs unceasingly. The surf on the Outer barrier at high tide, when the broad reefs’ crests are hidden, pre sents an atua/.lng spectacle. A 'long line of boiling surf, springing up in mid-ocean without any apparent cause,’ Is the late Charles Medley's description. Thnt grent naturalist, whose knowledge of the Harrier wns unrivaled, devoted the Inst few years of his life to the study of Its problems. “A lighthouse on Lady Elliot Islet marks th<» southern limit of coral formed land, ‘a broad platform of solid coral half a mile In clrcumfer once.’ Then comes an archipelago, the Banger group, followed by the Capricorn group, popular resort now of nnturallsts, and almost a picnic ground of holiday-makers from the mainland. “The Grand canal varies In width from 20 to 80 miles. There are two regions, however. The Inner Is narrow and fairly free from the perils which make the outer rone imitf>ssible for shipping. Only small Death Valley Skull Shows Up Experts Washington.—Discovery of the skull of a Titanothere In Death Valley has proved that scientists may be wrong. Noted scientists bad predicted that no fossils ever'would be found in the valley. The Titan othere. a gigantic rhinoceros-llke animal, apparently belonged to the eocene or ollgocene period. Members of the Death Valley national monument made the d's covery. Shortly afterward, a group of scientists from the California Institute of Technol ogy unearthed another skull of the same type of mammal. It marked the first time that the skull of a Titanothere had been found west of the Rockies. In addition, but once previously had any fossil of this family of mammals been discovered in the region. S'— ■ .-■ .. -- craft are navigated among the reefs of the outer zone. Japanese Pearl Seekers. “Luggers are sailed along the channels, with coral fangs threaten ing destruction—sailed often where the reefs are uncharted. In quest for sen slugs and pearl and trochua shell. Japanese own mnny of these venturesome craft "The depth of the sea outside the Great harrier Is profound, but In the zone where coastal steamers go safely It varies front about 10 fath oms to 20; the outer zone Is much deeper, up to 70 fathoms (420 feet). "There Is churm In the Grand canal trip, nnd life Is pleasant on the fnvored Islands, where u bunga low may nestle amid tropical fruit and palms, with a creek singing nenr on Its little Journey to the sea. Men have lived half a lifetime on a Harrier reef Isle without desire to wunder. It may he a lotus-eating life, or one of healthy work anil play, as you please. "Romance among the reefs there Is, and one sees relics of the old time voyagers recovered from the sea. But treasure seekers. Imagina tion tired by stories of lost galleons, were better employed seeking on ‘pirate Islands' thnn among the coral of the Great barrier. Coins have been found, Spanish ones, too; yet, In these waters. It Is fnr more profitable to go pearl tlshlng thnn diving for ‘fairy gold.’” ■ ___ I Dick Turpin Prison Will Be Pulled Down London. — The famous St. Marylebone Watchhouse of Ty burn, now’ Marble Arch, in whose dungeons highwayman Dick Tur pin lay while en route to New gate to be hanged, is to he pulled down. Magnificent luxurious apartments and stores will soon spring up hiding forever one of London’s famous landmarks. The present building was put up In to house watchmen, whose duty was to guard travelers against footpads on the Oxford road. Sun’s Rays Are Hotter in Winter Than Summer Cambridge.—The heat from the sun's rays is greater In winter than in summer, If measurements are taken with the sun at the same al titude above the horizon, according to observations made at the Blue Hill meteorological observatory of Harvard. The cold winter weather Is due to the few hours of sunlight and the low average angle nt which the rays strike the earth, not to any cooling of the sun’s rnys, according to Dr. Bernhard Haurwltz, research assist ant at the observatory. Doctor Haurwltz attributes the Increase In hent to three factors; the fact that the enrth Is nearer the sun at this season; the diminu tion of water vapor which absorbs solar radiation; and the decrease In the amount of dust In the air which also cuts off part of the heat. Alaskan Bears to Get Square Deal Better Opportunity to Enjoy Honey and Molasses. Washington.—Uncle Sam Is going to see that the famous brown bears of Admiralty Island, Alaska, get n better opportunity to enjoy their molasses and honey. The Agricultural department has announced that the forest service, the biological survey and the Alnska BLOUSE TRENDS Hr CIIERIK NIC HOLAS The suit inode so important for spring re acts to the glory of the blouse. You will be wanting as many lingerie types as you will be wanting tuffetn am] other sorts. The models illustrated are worth while considering to add to your collection. The top sleeveless blouse Is fashioned of an openwork embroidered white organdie. A ruffle about the reekline subscribes to the new vogue which declares In favor of frilly effects. Landowska sends the lovely little taffeta blouse from I’nris. It Is green checked with fine black stripes. The big bow and the times shirred Into the sleeves are piped with the black. game commission will work co-op erntivel.v on a plan to co ordinate management of the bears with a “well-rounded use and enjoyment of other commercial, recreational and scenic resources of the Island." Principal features of the plan In clude: A reps needed for protection of the bear will be closed to hunting. Closed areas will be extended, or replaced by others, ns changing conditions warrant. Closed areas will include general recreation areas; sections with out standing heavy stocking of bears In the spring when the cubs are small; heavily stocked areas where bears may be observed by naturalists, photographers and the public; and lands in the vicinity of logging camps, trailers’ camps and other centers of seasonal occupancy, where closure may be advisable to assist In controlling casual or Il legal killing. The department said limited bear hunting may be permitted, subject to bag limits and to closure for en tire seasons to prevent jeopardizing the bear population. Permitted yearly kill never will be allowed to exceed the yearly net increase. A system of trails, portages, shel ter cabins and observation blinds will be constructed for naturalists and recrentlonists. Pilot Completes First Million Miles of Flying Chicago.—A million miles of fly ing In United Air Lines’ service since he piloted the first mail plane between Chicago and the Southwest in 192(1 was the record scored by Richard L. Dobie, when awarded his eighth service star, signifying completion of his eight thousandth hour of company flying. Ue is a pilot on the New York-Cleveland Chlcago division. Dobie is said to be the first pilot in the world to fly a million miles for a commercial line. Prior to Joining United’s staff. Dobie had 2,MX) hours of flying time. This gives him a total of 10,500 hours and approximately 1,250,000 miles—equal to 50 trips around the world at the equator. Dobie learned to fly lu the army in 1917 and was later an army Instructor. Nine years ago he made the inaugural air mall flight from Chicago to Kuueas City. SEEN-"' HEARD around the National Capital as—By CARTER FIELD——— Washington.—This is the season for editorial comments and business men’s explosions to the broad gen eral effect that the senate should stop talking and act—that It is out rageous that the senate should work under such archaic rules, permit ting almost unlimited filibustering— and that congress should attend to Its knitting, pack Its various bags, and go home. There Is nothing new about this complaint. It is almost as old as the senate itself. The criticisms, ev ery year, are generally preceded by equally violent blasts about the house of representatives rushing through legislation without proper consideration. These come early in each session of congress. Criti cisms of the senate for talking too much come later. Certainly It Is very Irritating to a man in any particular line of busi ness to be uncertain as to the future of the rules of the game under which he must operate—whether It be a code under NItA ns at present, or a tariff schedule on his product, ns often happens, or a tax, as hap pens once every few years, lie is apt to grow very impatient Indeed when he reads In his newspaper every day that this important—to him—subject is being held up in the senate because a group of senators insist on talking—either about that very question or perhaps something entirely irrelevant. If the aforesaid business man has watched the wheels go around for any length of time, moreover, he knows perfectly well that s|»eeche.s change very few votes. That the senate is never stampeded by a sil ver-tongued orator. So that he may reach the conclusion that the whole performance is a silly waste of time. Now most of this criticism Is ac curate. What is overlooked in the criticism, however, is that a debate on nny measure serves to center the attention of the country on that measure. That it forces Into the consciousness of the senators who will vote on it the views—not of their colleagues—but of their con stituents back home who will be affected by that legislation. Filibusters Fail The late Hoke Smith of Georgia, in opposing a cloture rule In the senate, was fond of observing flint a filibuster had never In history beaten a reaiiy good measure. Re gardless of the merits of this, It is certainly true, in the opinion of nearly every man who has watched the senate over a long period of years, that few filibusters, if any, have ever succeeded that ran coun ter to popular sentiment as demon strated later. For example, it Is generally ac cepted that at the time Woodrow Wilson sent the Versailles treaty to the senate for ratification, the coun try as a whole was behind the treaty and behind the League of Nations. Had it been possible to force an Immediate vote, the United States would have approved the treaty, and would have been in the League of Nations and the World court immediately. As a matter of fact, when that fight started, there were only two senators—Borah and Reed of Mis souri—who really wanted to kill the treaty. Before the vote was taken there were nearly twenty killers, and only a few who did not want reservations of one kind or another. Without thnt long-dragged out fight, the later Judgment of the people of this country w’ould not have been served. This mny seem far-fetched at the present moment. But due to the long dragging out of the work re lief bill, which has so distressed some commentators, much has been done behind the scenes on other legislation. The utility holding com pany bill, for example; the old-age pensions and unemployment Insur ance measures; and NRA continu ance, which still requires, not vot ing, but time for crystallization of opinions as to the best thing to do. Had the senate been operating under rules similar to those In the house, it is quite possible that the whole program would have been passed by now, in its various orig inal forms. Even New Healers now admit this would be little short of a tragedy. Work Relief Troubles President Roosevelt's work relief troubles have only begun. Tbe nearly flve-billlon-dollar bill was steered safely through tbe rapids and sboals of congress. Amend ments, which would have hamstrung It—boosting It beyond his Ideas of what was possible or reducing It below what he thought would be effective, or substituting the dole or adding Inflation—were all beat en. But tbe problem still remains. Now the question Is—how to make it work. How to give every “em ployable” person — tbe goal an nounced by the President—a job? The dltticulties are innumerable. For example: Total amount: This is not consid ered sufficient by any exi>ert who has studied the problem. It is no secret that the President himself does not think it large enough. He made the amount what It was, not because that was sufficient, in his [ Judgment, but because it was as I large as he dared even consider. Ear-marking and promises: The earmarking was not desired by the President, and his friends in the senate managed to make the lan guage so elastic that, if the Presi dent desired, he could virtually disregard it. For Instance, the dis cretion given him to modify uny item, up or down, by 20 per cent of the total of the bill—not Just the total of that item. But the earmark ing was made, and the President has no desire to provoke further troubles with congress later on by disregarding such expressed wishes too flagrantly. The same might be said to apply to all the private promises made to individual senn ators as to what would be done in their states. As, for example, the agreements calmly announced by the two Vermont senators. Slow to Borrow Hesitation of states, counties aim cities to borrow: A considerable part of the money, under the gen eral plans as announced before the introduction of the bill by the White House, was to be loaned to states, counties, cities, “authorities,” etc. The Idea is that these governmental units would borrow money for specifically approved projects, and would sometime not only pay Inter est but repay the principal. All the Information available here is to the effect that many of these local governmental units are heav ily loaded down with debt burden, and would prefer the federal gov ernment to take their troubles off their shoulders. Hence there is re ported a loathness to borrow which may handicap the working of the whole plan, or at least to make the eventual debt burden of the federal government much greater than the President had estimated. Discriminations: This is one of the worst problems of all, the point being that states, counties, cities and authorities in many instances have already borrowed enormous sums from I’WA, and are not only paying interest, but expect to repay the principal. How are they going to feel If—as many suspect—the federal government is forced virtu ally to make donations to other states, cities, counties and authori ties for the same sort of work? In the one instance the federal gov ernment will be loaning money, get ting a fair rate of interest, and ex pecting to get the principal back. In the other the federal govern ment, for precisely the same type of project, will be making an out right gift. Plenty of political trouble is in sight on this! Then there is what might be called the time lag. For the truth is and has been for some time that no definite program for the spend ing of the four billion odd dollars has been worked out. This Is not mere supposition. It has been stated again and again by the President In talks with senators and members of the house; It has been stated by virtually every official of the admin istration testifying before congres sional committees. It is only par tially true, but there is going to be quite a lot of delay in getting un der way. Finally, there are the difficulties Involved in the proposed fee sys tem, awarding jobs without com petitive bidding. Japanese Cotton Tremendous importations of Japa nese cotton cloth, with resultant closing down of New England mills, has caused a sudden and peremp tory demand on the part of New England senators and members of the house for action to stop it. Among the steps demanded are Im mediate boosting of the tariff du ties, cutting off the Japanese im ports on the chnrge of dumping, nnd stopplug of all processing taxes on cotton products so that American manufacturers and workers will not be penalized. Figures submitted to Robert Lin coln O’Brien, chairman of the tariff commission, by Senator David I. Walsh show a startling advance in cotton cloth Imports from Japan. The Massachusetts senator points out that in 1933 a total of 1,700,000 squnre yards was Imported; in 1934, 7.700.000, but that in January of this year alone importations mounted to 7.000. 000 yards, in February, to 12.000. 000 yards, and that on the first day of March aloue the Im ports were 5,(XX),000 yards. Which makes a total of 24,000,000 yards bought from Japan in the first 60 days of this year! "I am sure,” said Senator Walsh in calling the attention of Chair man O'Brien to these facts, “you will agree with me that these fig ures are startling and that these im ports have greatly added to the distressing situation already exist ing In the cotton cloth industry. Let me add that this industry is In a very desperate condition. I re fer to the Industry located both in the North and in the South. A leading southern manufacturer, who is a member of the textile code au thority and a member of the indus trial advisory board of the NRA, approving code Number One (cot ton textile code), has recently stated: ‘All the best mills, no mat ter where located, are losing money. Many mills have closed, and others are reducing the pay of employees, in an effort to survive. Possibly a hundred or more have closed during the past two or three months, and more will close shortly.” Copyrisht.—WNU Servlc* brisbane\ THIS WEEK Busy Dictators Hitler, Peace Angel Lie Test for Hauptmann? All Heard the Moans Europe's dictators borrow ideas from each other. .Mussolini, per naps u n c o n sciously, copied Uienzi, who end ed violently. Hit ler saw how well Mussolini’s idea worked and adopted it. Dol fuss tried it in Vienna, ended badly. Kemal Pasha has made a suc cess of it thus far in Turkey, throwing sultans ... „ . , overboard, Mo Arthur llrlslnine . , hammed, the fez, veils for women also. Kemal says, “If Hitler can defy the league, and kick over the Ver sailles treaty, so can I.” He will fortify the Dardanelles, in spite of tlie treaty that created a neutral zone adjoining the narrow water passage that separates Europe from Asia, at Constantinople. Hitler, turning with a rapidity that would startle any worm, now declares himself guardian angel of Europe, offering to start a world peace guaranteed to last 20 years. That would depend on Japan and Russia. There is a scientific test for ly ing. Try as he may to control him self, a man lying undergoes physi cal and psychological changes that a certain scientific apparatus re produces in a “graph” when lying begins. Mrs. Hauptmann, her husband sentenced to death for kidnaping the Lindbergh baby, suggests that her husband be subjected to the “lie test,” adding, “he would be freed Instantly.” He could not be “freed instantly” because the law does not yet rec ognize the "lie test” as conclusive, but the experiment would be in teresting. The framing of ques tions, which should be put in few est possible words and as star tlingly as possible, would be im portant. New Jersey’s Attorney General Wilentz, who brought about the conviction, would be the man to frame the questions. Consider the principal of the SchafT Junior High school at I’ar ma, Ohio. The principal, having decided to beat live boys caught smoking in the school building, us ing his microphone, ordered all classes and all noise stopped throughout the school while the live boys were “paddled” near the mi crophone for the whole school to hear. The story goes, “Startled students next heard the ‘Whack ! Whack !’ of the paddles and the moans of the culprits.” A girl baby two weeks old, smil ing, pretty, dressed in pink and white, found abandoned in a New York hallway, was taken to the Foundling hospital, a sort of “pound” for lost children. If a good-looking chow, Boston bull or Irish wolfhound two weeks old had been found, there would be a thousand only too glad to take and care for it. Our alleged cous ins the chimpanzees could hardly believe that There are miracles of various kinds, even In healing leprosy. It can be done, as the Bible shows, by supernatural power. It can be done by science. Jacintho Moura, Por tuguese chemist, in Rio de Janeiro, smashed a linger, and while suffer ing acute pain accidentally dipped the finger In a liquid vegetable ex tract that he was preparing. This vegetable liquid, obtained from a wild Brazilian plant, mixed with chalmoogra oil, according to I>r. Fernando Terra, director of the IUo de Janeiro hospital, has already cured 17 lepers. Some accidents are valuable. The Injured finger showed the way to an Important cure. At Kovno, Lithuania, four Nazis are sentenced to death on the gal lons for plotting to separate Memel from Lithuania. Mr. Hitler, deep ly grieved by the fate of four Nazis, Is said to have protested to Sir John Simon, although it is not clear what that Britisher could do about it. The opinions of two la dles whose heads were recently chopped off, by order of Chancel lor Hitler, would be Interesting, but will never be known. Once the head is chopped expression of opin ion ceases. Mussolini says “Italy offers the world a spectacle of calm,” and promptly raises his army to 0(50,000 men, promising to make it 2,000,000. He says, “Let it be clear that our desire for peace is backed by sev eral million bayonets.” That Is ealm for Mussolini. C>. King Features Syndicate, Inc. WJ1U Service. Soy Beans Differ in Various Ways Pods With One Seed, Some With Two, Three and Others Four. By Dr. C. M. Woodworth, Chief In Plant Breeding, University of Illinois.—WNU Service. Illinois’ rapid rise to the national leadership in soy bean production and the prospects for a still further Increase in acreage during the com ing year are drawing attention of farmers and plant breeders to marked differences between varie ties of this crop. The record crop of nine and a half million bushels in Illinois in r.»:U was valued at more than eight million dollars and represented 54 per cent of the national production. Soy bean varieties have been found to vary not only in seed color but also in many other character* affecting their commercial produc tion. These differences will become increasingly important ns the pro duction of the crop expands. One of the important characters In which varieties differ is in the number of seeds to a pod. There are some pods with only one seed, some with two seeds, others with three, and still others with four. Usually there are very few one seeded pods in a given variety. Va rieties also differ in the proportion of the different-sized pods. The Ito San is predominantly a two-seeded type and the mini, a three-seeded type. In experiments on breeding soy beans a type was found with a very high percentage of one-seeded pods. Two or three newly introduced va rieties from the United States De partment of Agriculture show a higher proportion of four-seeded pods than any commercial varieties now being grown. Tests prove that these varieties breed true for the particular proportions found, indi cating that the character Is inher ited. Contrary to what might be ex pected, the varieties having a high proportion of four-seeded pods are not as good yielders as many va rieties with a majority of two-seed ed pods. The four-seeded types usually produce small plants bearing a much smaller number of pods than the taller-growing, higher yielding two-seeded varieties. Furthermore, it is difficult to com bine the four-seeded character of a variety with the good character of another variety. This is only one of the complications In improving soy beans for a still more important place in American agriculture. Weed Seeds in Roughage, New Problem forFarmers Seeds of many unwelcome weeds are arriving on farms in the drouth states in hay and other shipped-In roughnge. These seeds, say forage specialists of the United States De partment of Agriculture, present a problem that should put a farmer on guard. Most of these “imported" seeds will be deposited around barnyards or in feedlots. They will be car ried to other parts of the farm by animals, mostly in manure. The longer barnyard or feedlot manure Is kept from fields, the greater the probability that weed seeds will not germinate. One precaution Is to put manure—from horse barns espe cially—into piles six or more feet in depth and allow it to remain there for 60 days or more. Farm ers should be particularly alert to make sure that the few new weeds that do grow either around the barnyard or In fields are destroyed before they have a chance to prop agate further. Minerals for Hogs Tests have shown that when pigs are fattened on forage, where corn alone Is used as the grain supple ment, each pound of suitable mini erals used in proper proportions, exclusive of salt, will save approxi mately six pounds of grain. Un der no circumstances does this mean minerals can be substituted for grain. It does mean, however, that live stock need suitable min erals, in addition to free access to salt, even when they are on good forage or pasture. For most condi tions, a good practical mineral mix ture, and one easy to remember Is KK) pounds of steamed bonemeal, 100 pounds of ground limestone, fiO pounds of salt, or, if needed, ap proved iodized stock salt. Mix three pounds of this with every 10<> pounds of grain used. Excessive use of minerals has no advantage and might prove harmful Resistant to Smut The Pennsylvania experiment sta tion recently announced that its agronomists have developed a high yielding variety of wheat and oats which are resistant to both loose and covered smuts. Sixty-seven strains of these grains were grown last year by the station which have shown no smut infection for three generations, although the seed was inoculated every year with mix tures of loose and covered smut. Several of the more promising strains, the station reports, are be ing multiplied, nnd if they turn out as well as they promise, a real con tribution will have been made to agriculture.—Missouri Farmer. I
