JThe Frontier
D. H. Cronin, Editor and Proprietor
Entered at the PostofBce at O’Neill,
Nebraska as Second Class Matter.
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WHAT’S DOING AT
THE STATE HOUSE
By James R. Lowell
One of the most interesting
propositions up before Nebraska at
the present time is the matter of
relocating destitute rural families
so as to be able to make their own
living.
The Nebraska Federal Emerg
ency Relief Administration has in
augurated a plan whereby this rur
al rehabilitation can be carried for
ward.
Pages could be filled with ex
amples of why hundreds of thous
ands of competent, eager to work
people are jobless today. Still
other hundreds of thousands have
been left stranded by drouth. Dry
areas covering a belt of two hun
dred and fifty to three hundred
miles wide from Canada to the
plains of west Texas have caused
normally self sustaining rural
families to fall upon Federal Relief
for their sustenance.
During normal or unusually moist
cycles and attracted by temporar
ily high farm prices, new farmers
flocked into these section only to
lose most of their earnings when
the moist years were succeeded by
ultra dry years.
This rural rehabilitation work in
Nebraska is being carried on under
two plans. The first of these is
assisting relief families to obtain
a small acreage where they can
have a cow, chickens, pigs and a
garden; also furnishing of livestock
to families on relief who have such
ground to care for same but need
assistance in buying them. About
five hundred of the above have been
dealt with by the Nebraska FERA.
The second program of the rural
rehabilitation division of the FERA
is establishment of groups of relief
families on small acreage home
steads, which is accomplished by
buying a suitable tract of land, up
proved as to soil, water and loca
tion, by the College of Agriculture
as suitable for the sustenance of
a family on a small acreage; the
bulding of homes on these tracts
by relief labor, and selling them to
these families on a long-time fin
ancing plan.
At the present time there are six
rural rehabilitation projects in Ne
braska. The largest is the most
recently acquired. It is near Jack
son in Dakota county and consists
of one hundred fourteen acres. At
Kearney there is an 80 acre pro
ject which has been almost com
pleted. The Chamber of Commerce
there at first was reluctant to wel
come such a project but ut the
present time they are enthusiastic
about it and are attempting to get
another subject of the same type.
A similar project is underway
near Fairbury where construction
of buildings has started. An 80 acre
tract was recently purchased near
Falls City for the same type of
wark, and near Grand Islund an
80 acre tract was recently acquired
by the Federal Government for
rural rehabilitation.
Each of these subsistenance acre
ages will be completely developed.
The idea is to put these persons on
their own and take them from re
lief rolls. Pretty soon they should
be able to start paying the Govern
ment for its investment.
Better teaching in small Nebras
ka schools is the goal of a new Fed
eral Emergency Relief Project in
stituted at the University of Ne
braska thru the professional work
bureau of the FERA. Sixty educa
tional workers and 20 clerks will
work under the university exten
«iun division to prepare special
correspondence courses.
The project will develop work
already carried on in the last six
years to make correspondence
courses available to students in
email high schools where curricula
■sight otherwise be limited.
Sixty high school courses now
are available, most of which have
been added in the last three years
Because of small teaching forces
many schools can offer only a
limited number of subjects. The
FERA correspondence courses with
carefully prepared lessons and
texts permit an expansion with
local teachers furnishing only sup
ervision.
The group of educational work
ers, most of whom hold degrees
from universities, will make a
thorough study of correspondence
courses and self-teaching materials.
The work is expected to add more
high school subjects and to provide
assistance to pupils in rural and
small elementary schools.
Also to benefit will be the CCC
members w'ho will be able to take
the correspondence courses at low
rates this year, and relief study
centers which are starting their
second year of existence in Ne
braska.
State Game Warden, Frank B.
O’Connell, now serving as a hold
over since the expiration of his
regular term last March, is coming
in for a bit of grief at the hands of
the democrats. State Accountant,
Ruud, has submitted a report in
which he claims that state statutes
are not being complied with. Ruud
claims that guns have been re
turned to persons arrested for vio
lation of the game laws and that
the department has not collected all
of the fees due it.
The hand of politics is seen in
this report by O’Connell. He claims
that Ruud is pulling for his friend
Tolen, Assistant Secretary of State,
a democrat who w’ould like to have
the game warden’s job.
The uncollected accounts held
against O’Connell by Kuud repre
sent but one-half of one per cent
of the totul funds handled for the
year. Most of the funds com
plained of are tied up by bank fail
ures and a considerable amount
may yet be collected.
Word has been received at the
State House that the AAA is ex
pected to seek only half as large
a cut in next year’s corn acreage
as it did this year. The Farm Ad
ministration will require signers to
cut corn plantings ten to fifteen
per cent below the 1932-33 base
acreage. This compares with a
20 to 30 per cent cut asked this
year.
The cut in hogs is expected by
Nebraska officials to be between 5
and 10 per cent compared to this
year’s 20 to 25. Hog numbers are
already low and officials believe
they can be controlled by the feed
situation.
Gist of Ihe State House News
Ilr. P. H. Bartholomew, State
Health Director, reports that the
principal diseases in Nebraska are
on the up swing for the month of
October. Chicken pox is on the
increase .>s is diphteria and meas
les. Tuberculosis however dropped
in October from 31 to 16 cases and
typhoid fever cases dropped from
5 to 1.
The highway letting at the State
House last week, which was estim
ated by state engineers at half a
million dollars, was let to contract
ors for $441,188. Bids were de
ferred on two state projects for
grading, culverts and bridges be
tween Plainview and Randolph,
awaiting right-of-way, and culverts
and bridges west of Pender where
plans are being rechecked.
Bids are to be called for Novern
| ber 16th for $390,000 worth of road
! construction with federal funds
These projects include a new via
duct over the Burlington tracks at
McCook, paving in Fairmont
Schuyler and Shelby, and grading
and structures preliminary to pav
ing on a stretch of almost three
miles south of Grand Island on
highway No. 281.
The beet harvest in the North
Platte Val ley centering upon Scotts
bluff was practically completed last
week. Operations will be wound
up at Mitchell, Minatare, Bayard
and Scottsbluff about the middle of
November, while the Gering and
the Lyman plants will close about
December 1st.
The sugar content of the beets
this year has been slightly higher
than last, but the yield has been
reduced to less than ten tons per
acre.
State Auditor Price has with
t
drawn his objection to an item of
$47.00 subject to the processing tax
on sugar purchased to manufacture
ice cream and serve students on the
tables of state dormitories.
The $47.00 is payable to the AAA
and a warrant is being drawn
against the University cash fund
for that amount. The state legal
department ruled that while the
state government is exempted from
paying federal taxes on materials
it buys for public use, the sugar
bought by the University is intend
ed for commercial purposes and
therefore subject to the processing
tax.
A program of feeding pheasants,
quail and prairie chickens this win
ter is being mapped out by the State
Game Commission. Arrangements
are being made to obtain waste
grain from the federal government
to aid in the feeding program,
made necessary by the 1934 drouth.
Most of the game commission’s
revenue is from hunting and fishing
licenses, supplemented by sales of
fish and salvage work, and J, B.
Douglas of the commission declares
that because of reduced income this
year arrangements will have to be
made to scale down the commis
sion’s overhead as a means of avoid
ing a deficit.
Economic IliKhlights
Today, in the words of the United
States News, “the biggest business
in America is the administration of
relief to the needy. More people
are living on the funds they obtain
from the Government—Federal,
state and local—that live on the
revenue from professional serivee,
from transportation, or from cler
ical occupation.”
The most accurate figures place
the number of persons now on re
lief rolls at 17,000,000. Best es
timates say that this number will
rise to 20,000,000 and perhaps more
during the winter. Two millions of
those on relief give work in ex
change for the money they get—
the balance, many of whom receive
rent, clothing and grocery orders
instead of cash, do not work. They
are simply “on the dole,” whether
that term is used officially or not.
The number of persons receiving
relief, in comparison to the total
population, is staggering. Condi
tions are worse, of course, in the
great, heavily-populated industrial
sections—New York, Pennsylvania,
Michigan, Ohio and Illinois. These
five states account for nearly 40
per cent of all who receive relief.
In Illinois, 14 per cent of the total
population is on the relief rolls; in
New York, 16 per cent; in Ohio, 14
per cent; in Michigan, 12 per cent.
Highest percentage is reached in
New Mexico, where 27 per cent of
all the people are given aid—but,
by number, they naturally total
much less than do the needy in a
representative industrial state.
These figures may give the im
pression that unemployment is more
severe now than at any time during
depression. It is not—the worst
unemployment was March ,1933,
when 13„000,000 men who would
normally be employed were out of
work. There are norelief figures for
that period as, at the time there was
no organized governmental relief.
Since then, three or four million
men have gone back to work—the
nine or ten million who are still1
out account for the 17,000,000 per
sons receiving relief.
Government—national and local
—is frankly stumped for a solution.
It has spent billions—and the prob
lem has barely been touched. Pre
sent efforts are designed to keep
sufferers from dire want until jobs
j can be found, for them—they are
in no sense a solution of our most
crucial and most difficult problem.
The Federal government is carry
ing the bulk of the burden—state
and municipal aid has been inade
quate for the most part.
Many believe that government
will be forced into adopting a defin
ite pension system for those who
are unemployed thru no fault of
their own, and for those who have
outlived their usefulness as work
ers. But the gigantic cost involved
stands in the way of this—untold
billions would be necessary if these
people are to be given even a sub
sistence allowance. And in the
meantime we face a bleak winter
so far as the needy are concerned
—and what the story of next year
will be no one knows.
When the Administration first
came into power, it had few critics.
Many industrial leaders were afraid
of its announced policies, believed
them inimical to ther interests—
but they said little and followed a
policy of watchful waiting.
During the next year and a half
many business men found, them
selves more and more at odds with
Administration principles. This
reached Its hiydi point a few months
ago, when the Tinted States Cham
ber of Commerce addressed a point
ed letter to the President, said that
confidence was fading, asked that
he give definite replies to a num
ber of questions involving our fin
ancial and economic future.
The President did not reply—but
since then there has been a rap
prochement between government
and industry. The President ap
parently has more faith in indus
trial executives than he did when
he first came into office, s id in
dustrial executives apparently have
more confidence in the President.
One sign of the trend is found in
the declining of the ‘‘brain trust”
—most of these young men, who
carried such weight in the early
days of the Administration, have
dropped out of sight, and their
places have been taken by practical
thinkers, rather than theorists.
The President’s recent much-an
ticipated speech before the Americ
an Bankers’ Association, shows the
way the wind blows. While he com
mitted himself to little, Mr. Roose
velt said one thing of great import
ance—that he did not contemplate
the issuance of new currency
against the Treasury’s vast silver
holdings. Bankers and other in
dustrialists cheered—Mr. Roose
velt’s statement was the first as
surance from a high source that
there would, be no major inflation
in the near future.
The U. S. Chamber of Commerce
reported that it saw indications of
a ‘‘convergence of the general aims
of business and the Administra
tion” in the speech.
As for business conditions, they
seem to be on the up-grade. For
the past month the volume of bank
loans outstanding has been increas
ing, and there is a growing demand
for bank credit. Late statistics
show a substantial rise in general
business activity.
Pig Figgerin’
Sioux City Live Stock Record:
Many of the live stock markets
have been receiving a larger num
ber of extremely light pigs which
are a problem at some places since
the outlet in pork channels for
these small carcasses is rather lim
ited and it does not take a lot of
hem to be too many for the packer
to handle, says the Chicago Drov
;rs Journal. The majority of them
weigh under 100 pounds and the
price is so much under what a good
j light hog would bring that some
I cannot understand why either the
packer or the hog feeder cannot
i find some way to create a profitable
! outlet for more of them.
Of significance is the fact that
a gi’eat many more pigs weighing
75 pounds and less, than pigs
weighing 100 to 125 pounds are
being sold, and one member of the
trade believes he has the reason for
this figured out. Farmers, he said,
are feeding their 100 to 125 pound
pigs, and those who are in the
market for feeders are showing a
marked preference for these rather
than the lighter weights because of
the high price of corn. While the
100 to 125 pound feeder pigs of
good quality are selling well above
the lighter weights, the stronger
weight feeders still figure the
cheapest, he contends. For the sake
of figuring he takes the old rule :
that 10 bushels of corn equals 100
pounds of pork, and concludes that
the feeder buyer can more econ
omically pay $3.00 for 100 pound
averages than he can $1.00 for the
50 pounders. A pig weighing 50
pounds at one cent per pound or 50
cents plus 40 cents for vaccination
and 50 cents for delivery to the
farm would aggregate $1.40. A 100
pound pig at three cents per pound
plus 50 cents for vaccination and
50 cents for delivery, would cost
the feeder $4.00 per head. However,
with corn at 80 cents per bushel
the corn bill for 15 bushels on the
lighter pig would be $12.00, where
as on the heavier pig the corn bill
for 10 bushels would be only $8.00.
\t 200 pounds the 50 pound pig
would cost $13.40, and the 100
jound pig $12.00. How’s that for
lggerin’ ?
MORE people get along in
this world by lopping off un
necessary expenses, than by
having big incomes.
THE
O’NEILL NATIONAL
BANK
Capital, Surplus and Undivided Profits,
$125,000.00
This bank carries no indebted
ness of officers or stockholders.
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| YOUR FRIEND AT MEALTIME |
FRIDAY AND SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 9 & 10
Week End Peach Special ,2
* Large
Lemon Cling California peaches in a good No. 2Zi
syrup. Either sliced or halves. Don’t limit your fans
purchase to 2 cans. Replacement cost in carloads ^
suggests you buy a case of 24 cans.
“EVERYDAY”
Soda
Crackers
2 Pound 17 *
Caddy - - I I t»
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Breakfast
Cocoa
Vz-\b. can .10c
Sweet Santos
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Pound ... 19c
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EXCHANGE THE EMPTY BAGS FOR FANCY CHINA
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Coffee
Pound 32c
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Powdered
Sugar
2 Lbs. 13c
Superb
Rolled Oats
Quick or Regular
Large 1 7
Carton - - - III#
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Red Kidney Beans 3 cans 25c
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3£L...17c
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4 for". ■ . 18c
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5 Giant 1 0*
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A wrapper from Morton
Smoke Salt and 55c will
fruy a thermometer that
takes the guess work out
of meat curing. A regu
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55c, _
10-Lb.
Can
89c
Friday ANDRESEN 6? BECKMAN’S Saturday
TWO DAY SSk DRUG SALE
FARMERS!
New Low Prices
BLACKLEG VACCINE
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HEMMORHOGIC
HOG SERUM AND VIRUS
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100 for 98c
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LADY ESTHER - - - - OoG
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