Predicts New Ice Age for America Savant Says It Will Come in 10,000 Years. London. — Another Ice age, In -hich the polar cap will creep far down Into Europe and North Amer ica, is coming In ten thousand years or so, says Dr. G. C. Simpson, di rector of the British meteorological office. It will be followed by a warm era, when the semitropical conditions, In which monstrous saurians splashed under giant ferns in what is now the United States, will return. Deserting the rule which he en forces in his office, that weather forecasts must be limited to the next 48 hours, Doctor Simpson told what it would be like on the earth hundreds of thousands of years ahead. He based his prophecies on a the ory of solar changes which he has lately shown to he confirmed by the atory of world weather in the pe riod covered by the Inst four Ice ages. Sun's Heat Changes. It l* the sun’s heat, he says, that changes. A complete cycle of change j takes anything from 100,000 to | 1,000,000 yeara. and the difference in radiation represents a range of about 40 per cent. "We are at present approaching a minimum,” he said, "and our cli mate la cold and dry. All the evi dence points to the conclusion that the earth will continue to get cold er and drier for s long time yet” But even after the sun’s radia tion has begun to Increase again, he explained, Europe would have to go through another Ice age before we once again got really warm weather, with temperatures from five to ten degrees higher than they are now and, no doubt, another Influx of semi tropical life. An Increase In solai radiation, he said, would mean that there was more difference In temperature be tween the equator and the poles. There would, therefore, he stronger winds, more cloud, and more rain and snow. "At first,” he explained, “the In creased precipitation would result In greater accumulation of snow, and the Increased cloud would pre vent summer melting. The polar Ice caps and the Ice fields on mountains would extend, spreading Into lower latitudes and down to lower heights.” Warm Period to Follow. That would bring the next Ice age to Its maximum tens, perhaps hun dreds of thousands of years hence. Then, as the sun's radiation further Increased In strength, the Ice would be first checked In Its advance and finally melted. There would follow the warmest time of all, “a warm, wet, Interglacial period,” with half as much cloud again as there Is now. Next, as the sun’s rndlatlon be “Foolish” Farming Paying Dividends Marquette, Mich.—The Upper peninsula, agriculturally speak ing. has Its eye on a downstate farmer, starting In on a new place in Baraga county, who planted some strange seed heans that he had picked up, no one, not even the planter, knows where. The Upper peninsula was not a bean country; they couldn't be grown successfully, farmers said. But In the fall of 11)30 the farmer harvested a good sized crop. An agricultural agent noticed It and spread the word. This year at least *Ji' CARTER FIELDM5SSB Washington. — Negotiations be tween this government and France are unofficially under way looking toward one of the new tariff treaties. The problem has been that France was most eager to sell its wares In the United States, but has found what seemed to be insuper able difficulties In the way of ask ing any concessions In return. In fact, some of our more cynical dip lomats commented several times during the preliminary overtures that France was so used to getting her own sweet way with this coun try she could not understand that the idea of this reciprocity treaty business was that both sides had to make concessions. As It is, France will not be able to make any proposals to this coun try, which would have a chance in the world of being accepted unless she revises her very definite policy since the war about being practical ly self-supporting so far as food is concerned. Actually France could absorb a very considerable amount of Amer ican wheat, and a far larger pro portion of such fruits as apples, with actual net benefit to her citi zens. The point is that the cost of producing sufficient wheat to feed the French people and visitors to France is excessive. It is accom plished only at a very considerable cost to the French housewife and the French taxpayer. Want Cheaper Bread So a move is under serious con sideration by the existing French government, so Washington has been informed, looking to changing this policy. The thought would be to let American foodstuffs, particu larly wheat and fruit. In with a rather moderate duty, and thus at one move reduce the present sub sidy burden on the French treas ury and reduce the cost of bread to the French consumers. The move would not have been possible u year ago. But two changes in the situation have come nhout in ttiat time. One is that there has been some clamor about the rapidly rising cost of living in Frnnce. Already, to meet this popu lar sentiment, the French govern ment has taken such effective means of dealing with the middleman that the price of meat has been sharply reduced to the housewife. But this is not enough. The peo ple are still clamoring. So the Idea of making bread cheaper by reduc ing the high government subsidy on French-grown wheiy, and permit ting importation of a sufficient amount of American wheat to make up for the falling off in domestic production which would Immediate ly ensue, is under consideration. This plaeatlon of the populace is second only to the urgent necessity of balancing the budget, so as to keep France on the gold standard, on which the government is deter mined, if possible. The second reason Is that, as the French lenders see the situation, the urgency of the original reason for producing all the wheat France consumes inside her borders is not ns Impelling as was the case one year ago. At that time the fear of war in the immediate future was far great er than right now. Hence the ne cessity of being self-supporting on foodstuffs. But Hitler’s gyrations in (Jermnny have driven Italy, until then probably France’s most bitter enemy, into France’s arms, and the fact is that at the moment Italo French relations are more pleasant thnri at any time since the urmistice. And what with the French wine and brandy makers, not to mention ttie perfume men, the Jewelry fab ricators, and whatnot who are now, due to the high exchange and high er tnriflfs of America, unable to sell their wares in the world’s best mar ket, there is quite a different feeling about the wheat subsidy. Negotiations have not approached the public stage. In fact, they prob ably will not for some months. New Dealers Chuckle Certain Republican trusts at Pres ident Roosevelt, insisting that he tell the American people what he told Upton Sinclair In that two hours, so they would understand what he was planning and where the country was headed, have caused loud chuckles from New Dealers here. The point Is that there has never been much doubt about where the New Deal was headed, except on the part of those—of whom there are a great many—who simply do not be lieve what they see, much less what they read aud hear. And one of those who believed themselves to be In the dark, New Dealers potnt out. Is noue other than Upton Sinclair himself. Otherwise, they hint, how could he have been surprised at Roose velt’s ideas? How could he have thought so many of hia own Ideas new. and then learn, as Sinclair said In his National Press club speech, that they were not? For. of course. Federal Relief Ad ministrator Hopkins has been doing In part Just what Sinclair proposes to do in California for some time. Not only that, but since last winter there have been the outraged pro tests of business Interests whose toes were tr|inpled on. Some of these activities, and the protests of business about them, were chron icled in these dispatches shortly after last Christmas. Particularly the proposed manufacture of mat tresses by unemployed, etc. So far there has been no propos al on the part of the federal govern ment that the farmers could pay their taxes with farm products, which would otherwise rot on the ground. But there is a good reason for this omission. Farmers in volved in difficulties of that sort do not pay income taxes, or any other direct taxes to the federal government. Loans to Farmers But the rederai government has been doing better than that by the farmers. It has been loaning them money to pay their state taxes. It has been loaning them money on their unsold crops, particularly cot ton and wheat. It has been loan ing them money to buy seed. And all this for a long period prior to the drouth, and therefore uncon nected with drouth relief. And it has heen paying them good American currency for such sup plies as it bought to feed the un employed, not giving them certifi cates which could be exchanged only for some product produced by the unemployed in state factories, as proposed by Sinclair. By the same token the federal government laid itself open to the charge of direct competition with Industry by this same difference. Had it exchanged furniture and mattresses and whatnot produced by the unemployed for the food products of the farmers to feed those same unemployed, the pro cedure would have been more near ly that of the EPIC plan of Mr. Sin clair, and the manufacturers would have had a harder time making their case. For the answer in either case is that the unemployed are not buying now, so the manufacturer is not losing a market when they produce something for themselves. It Is only when their product is put on the market that this competition arises and private Industry is hurt. Patronage Worries With literally hundreds of mem bers of the house and senate fight ing either for renomination or re election, calm Judgment is that more of them nre in trouble about patronage matters than anything else. Yet this situation is present despite the fact that never, In the entire history of the country, have so many Jobs been parceled out by purely political endorsements of these same representatives and sen ators. For never at any time since the establishment of the civil serv ice system has that system less to do with filling governmental posi tions than in the last two years. The destruction of the civil serv ice—for that is what it Is if it con tinues—did not begin with the Roosevelt administration. The evo lution has been nonpartisan. It be gan with what might be called the emergency measures. It came first, so far ns volume Is concerned, with the farm board, spreading into the Department of Agriculture, with the farmers’ seed loans, etc. Under the direction of Secretary of Agriculture Hyde, the old civil service traditions began to drop Into the waste-basket, as far as Washington was concerned. From that time on it has been a debacle, most of the new agencies and ad ministrations and authorities set up being si>eclfically exempted from the civil service. Getting a Job It Is rattier curious that this came on the heels of what had been sup posed to be a great civil service re form—applying Its methods of pro motion and selection to the diplo matic service, except occasionally, of course, for more important am bassadors and ministers. And the "career diplomat” came Into his own, to the great annoyance of many senators and representatives, who sneered at the spats and canes and "pink teas" (polite name dur ing prohibition for cocktail parties) of the career men. Young men and women wanting government Jobs today do not both er about taking civil service exam inations, however. The procedure is very clear. First one must be "cleared" through his Democratic county committee. Then one must be certified bv his Democratic con gressman, if there Is one. If there Is no IH>mocrntlc congressman, then both senators must endorse the ap pllcant. This is the situation in Massa chusetts. for instance, where there are more Republican members in the house than Democratic, hut both senators happen to he Democrats. If the applicant runs this gaunt let successfully, the only remain ing hurdle Is the Democratic na tional committee, where the eagle eyed Emil Ilurja Is the deciding ex nmlner. acting, of course, for Na tional Chairman Farley. But the curious point about the whole business is that senators and members of the house fight man fully to get more than their share of appointments, if possible, yet nearly every one of them will tell I you that he wishes to high heaven | that the civil service were nirtlght, and that everyone knew that a sen ator or congressman had no influ ence so far as getting a political ap pointment was concerned. Copyright —WNl' Sor*l«* ISLAND ^LEGENDS A Docile Ceylon Temple Elephant. Prepared by National Geographic Society. EWashington. I>. G.—WNU Service. HE duke of Gloucester, on his forthcoming visit to Cey lon, will present the Island with the throne of its native kings. The last Tamil king of Kandy, Wik rama Itaja Sinhu, was unpopular with his subjects. Aided by the British, they deposed him in 1815 and sent his throne to England, where ever since it has been pre served in Windsor castle. Ceylon Is known to most of us only for its fragrant tea. Yet aside from producing the leaves of one of the world’s most popular beverages, the island contributes many other products to commerce. Coconut fiber for brushes; tortoise shell for combs and eye glasses; graphite, an Important component of pencils; cltronella oil, applied to ward off mosquitoes; and cardamons, used to deaden the taste of medicine. A pear-shaped island half the size of New York state, Ceylon lies in the Indian ocean off the southern tip of India. It is a British pos session and has no political con nection with India, though separat ed from It only by 22 miles of wa ter. A Hindu epic relates that this strait was once bridged by a cause way, the handiwork of an army of monkeys. Legend rises like incense from Ceylon. A huge hollow in a rhodo dendron-covered hill Is revered as the footprint of Buddha. Moham medans call It Adam's peak, Ara bian legend relates that Adam and Eve, driven out of Paradise, were allowed to enter this enchanting Is land. In many ways it is a second Eden. It Is drugged with sweet scents that breezes waft far out over the high seas. Three days be fore mariners sight Ceylon, they can smell its heavy fragrance, which rises from flower-decked tem ples, from blossoms trampled on the highway, from blooming lotus, frangipannl, gardenia, cinnamon and other spice trees. Natives Have Idyllic Life. British modernization of the Is land has disturbed but little the almost idyllic existence of the na tives. Off the palm-fringed shores, where lazy surf rolls on yellow sands, they fish leisurely from out rigger canoes. British automobiles may speed over the island’s copper colored roads, but Ceylon’s 34,000 slow-moving bullock carts set the tempo for native life. On any road, arched over with tamarind trees, festooned with pepper vines, one passes cream-colored bullocks, drawing huge thatch-roofed “prairie schooners,” bursting with families and their household belongings. The brown-skinned Sinhalese women are slender and delicately featured, often beautiful. The men in their tight skirts, and hair caught up in a bun, appear effeminate. Their mouths are stained from chewing soothing betel nuts. Ceylon is a land wrested from the jungle. It wTell deserves its an cient name of Tamraparni, the is land of “dusky leaves,” for most of its hilis and low-l.vlng plains are covered with thick jungles. Glossy Jnk trees, bamboos, ebony and oth er rare hardwoods are woven to gether by wild vines. Jungle has overgrown Ceylon’s ancient cities. The most extensive of these Anuradhpura, 250 miles north of Colombo, was the capital of a highly civilized Ceylon about 200 B. C. A royal residence, with 00.000 Buddhist priests umong Its Inhabitants, It must once have cov ered an area Inrger than London. Hindu Tamils reduced It to a heap of granite posts and sculptured friezes, it now Is strangled by creepers. The Ceylon archeology department, which erected govern ment offices and bungalows there, cleared gladellke corridors to It, so that visitors may view its fascinat ing ruins. 3unshin« and Heavy Rains. Ceylon's climate is fairly good for the tropics. Though moist and tnervatlng with warmth, It la tern pered by sea breezes, and is health ful except in the low-lying Jungles, where malaria has taken heavy tolL Infant mortality is excessive, du» chiefly to malaria. Intensive anti malaria work and maternal and child welfare work are slowly pro ducing good results. The Island alternates between scorching sunshine and heavy show ers. At times the air is very still and hot Thunder over hills and Jungles precedes midsummer rains so torrential that every leaf drips. Clumps of giant bamboo already over 100 feet high shoot up another foot in a single day. Liquid bird calls echo through drenched Jun gles. The streams leaping from fall to fall down the central uplands to the coast gush in torrents and sometimes flood the land. Formerly, when scant rain fell, the rivers dried up into parched wa ter-courses, carpeted with grass. Deer from the woods ventured out on them, and wild swine plowed them up at night. The northwest and southeast corners of Ceylon became burning deserts. To counteract this, Irrigation was begun centuries ago. Irrigation 1* needed because rice is the staple food of its Inhabitants. The early Sinhalese kings made a great part of Ceylon cultivable by construct ing artificial lakes or “tanks.” Mod [ ern Ceylon is doing extensive irri gation work, damming up river* and conserving water in reservoirs for dry times. This has not only converted arid land into agricul tural areas, but has checked floods and malaria. Ceylon’s prosperity depends en tirely on her agriculture. The soil Is extremely fertile, and about one fourth of the land Is under cultiva tion. The valleys are a patchwork of vivid green rice fields. The hills are striped with rows of tea bushes, and rubber trees. The tea industry, largely In the hands of Europeans, Is the mainstay of the island, ex porting about 250 million pounds annually. Aside from tea. and cltronella oil, Ceylon exports chiefly raw mate rials: cacao, cinnamon, coconuts, areca nuts, rubber, and cardamons. Island Is a Jewel Box. Cnlik^ the Tamils, who do most of the unskilled labor, the Sinha lese are skilled workers, being largely Jewel grinders, weavers, lacquer makers. Ceylon is a jewel box of precious stones. In Colombo, the headquar ters for Jewel grinders and whole sale and retail Jewel sellers, one may purchase pearls, glowing rubies, sapphires, amethysts, moon stone, and alexandrites, those weird stones, green by day and sullen red under artificial light. The early Greeks knew Ceylon as “the Land of Rubles.” The Island Is noted for Its pearls. The pearl fisheries are located on the northwestern coast along the Gulf of Mannar. Along this shore, which Is sea bottom become land by slow upheaval, for 10 or 12 miles Inland, the plow turns up oyster shells everywhere. Here, at the time of pearl fishing, thousands of boats are anchored off shore, tem porary villages spring up over night, complete with snake charm ers and magicians to lure the money of the newly rich pearl divers. Ceylon’s fauna would populate a wpird zoo. Rose-colored flamingoes mnte In Its artificial lakes. Man eating crocodiles uask on the shores. Through shoulder-high grass, wild buffaloes watch tame buffaloes plowing rice fields. The air rings with screams of wild pea fowl and white-headed fishing eagles. The Jungles fill the tropic night with uncanny bootings and catcalls. The blood-curdling call of the devil bird makes one's flesh creep and 9ue’s hair stand on end. The brown hawk-owl makes a cry like a strangled cat. Above the chatter ing of monkeys, one hears the tmm petlng of wild elephants.