The Frontier I). H. Cronin. Editor and Proprietor Entered at the Postoffice at O’Neill, Nebraska as Second Class Matter. A D \ERT ISINCH AT ES: Display advertisments on l’a^jes 4, 5 and t> are charged for on a basis of 26 cents an inch (one column wide) per week; on Page 1 the charge is 40 cents an inch per week. Local advertisements, 10 cents per line first insertion, sub sequent insertions 6 cents per line. SUBSCRIPTION RATES One Year, in Nebraska-$2.00 One Year, outside Nebraska $2.60 Every subscription is regarded as an open account. The names of sub scribers will be instantly removed from our mailing list at expiration of time paid for, if publisher shall be notified; otherwise the subscription remains in force at the designated subscription price. Every subscriber must understand that these conditions are made a part of the contract be tween publisher and subscriber. ST. MARY’S ACADEMY NOTES Primary and First tirade Hill Froelich, who has been attend ing the Primary class since last fall, , returned to his home in Chicago. We - are all sorry to lose our classmate. The pupils of the First grade re ceived their First Reader thi sweek. Every body is very much interested in the new book. Second Grade Two mite boxes were placed in the class room where the little boys and girls could deposit pennies to ransom < a Pagan child in the Mission countries. \ The children were very generous in i dropping their pennies into the boxes, t How they cheered when the money ; was counted on Monday morning and i to their surprise they had $5.07. Just enough to buy a poor little heathen I baby boy and to name him. « Theyall agreed to have him baptized I and name him Michael Francis in ( memory of our dear Monsignor Cns- 1 sidy. ' In a spelling contest held last Fri day, Eldon Lowery spelled down the class. i For the past week Donna Gallagher had the best written home work. Grades Three and Four Something funny, eh? Now don’t laugh, just smile as you try to read these sentences. During the January examinations blnnks were to be filled, as follows: A “sentence” should begin with a . capital and end with n “period.” A “sentence” that tells something should end with a “period.” Onelittle deep-thinker wrote: Every thing should begin with a “man” and end with a “lady.” A “man” that tells something should end with a “spankin.” A typical Norwegian farm and facter became more real when dem onstrated on the sand table. Even a power-house supplying electricity for telephone, etc., was displayed. Grades Five and Six Our grammar lesson this week called for u radio program, and so n com mittee was appointed to sponsor this undertaking. The members of this committee were Billy Kubitschek, Hilly Biglin, Catherine Finley, and Betty McNally. The committee ap pointed George Hammond as radio announcer. Station N-R-A was erected in the class room, and the program was broadcast Wednesday from 1:30 to 2:30 p. m., just after our class sing ing lesson. The program consisted of l eadings, poems, songs, jokes, current topics, weather forecasts, talks, etc., as follows. “The Old Spinning Wheel in the parlor,” song — Maxine Harrington, June Carol White, Mary Anne Meer, Catherine Finley, Marjorie Cronin and Betty McNally. Edward McManus—“The Stolen Cus. •nrd,” reading. Catherine Me Nichols—“The Song of the Shirt,” poem. Romainc Stein—“How to Care for Farm Animals,” talk. Donald Wernke—“Cowboys,” song. Leroy Wernke—Guitar Solo, accom panist. William Kubitschek—"Wingless Air planes,” talk. Catherine Finley—“Trees,” song. Bobby Miles—“Thoughts of Society,” jokes. Paper Clipping and Current Topics —James Mathews, Robert Moore, Wil liam Biglin, Donald Lowery, Marjorie Cronin. Dale Kersenbrock—Weather Fore casts, talk. The program closed with the follow ing words of the announcer, George Hammond, “You have just listend to station N-R-A,cherio, just signing off.” station N-R-A. Cheerio, Just sign ing off.” Grade* Seven and Eight The members of the Senior Normal Training class are busy this week with practice teaching. Miss Monu Mel vin in at present conducting nur history classes with marked success. Judging front results, she promises to become an efficient teacher. Some of us are still puttied about objective complements, Indirect ob jects and uppositives, as recent lessons revealed. However, they will all soon be mastered for we will leave no task undone, especially since Grammar if our favorite subject. Hurrah! A debate has been an nounced, but the exact date is not yet known. We can probably give an ac count of the result in the next issue. EDUCATIONAL NOTES The local preliminary Holt County Spelling Contests will be held in Stuart, Atkinson, Ememt, O’Neill, Page, Inman, Ewing Chambers, Am elia, Peloit No. 18 Ms, Dustin No. 218, Scotville No. .‘18, Gibson No. 122 and Meek No. 27, at 7:30 Friday evening, February 10th, unless further notice is given by the individual locals. We have had notice that the local contest to be held at Page will be postponed until the first part of next week. Notice of the exact time will be sent to the teachers in the schools sur rounding Page. The second annual Patron’s Day will be held in the schools of the county on next Thursday, February 22. Patron’s Day has been set aside as a day on which a special invitation is given to the patrons and parents in the school district to visit the school and observe the children in their regular work. Excavation Shows Holt County Was Once The Home of Many Indians By J. B. O’Sullivan (Continued from last week.) The find was made in a field of corn. There must have been a burial there; someone’s little boy or girl bit the dust. Hearts, trained to withstand the worst a cruel world has to offer, ached, and over Hat, windswept hills went nu tutored savages to whom death meant all it does to us of a greatly over advertised civilization. Hay Calvert reported he has often found queer stones in the gravel pits east of O’Neill. Stones having strange lines and curliques and of foreign origin, as well as bones one never would expect to find under 10 feet of earth. In O’Neill, in the alley back of the Maurice Johnson residence, a year ago, a hunch of kids, waiting for another, bent on searching for relics out of town, picked up a peculiar shaped three-inch bone. It was found a dog had dug the bone up near a swing and had carried it to the alley. This bone is part of the front leg of a deer. One end was whetted to a point. The other end is notched, some stone chipper's “pliers” for quickly snapping off the edge of stone flakes. In the back is a leadpencil-size fur row, likely used for smoothing the shafts of arrows. Part of the points forming the notch have been broken off. There are cracks in this bone. It seems to be petrified or ossified or in some other than normal condition. It has been shellacked and is a highly prized memento of some unknown who may have been in “O’Neill’ before the birth of Jesus. A black stone about one by one ana one-half inches wide and long, and about one-half inch thick was picked up at a site two miles from O’Neill one year ago. This stone came near finding a new bed, almost was tossed aside. Strange incised lines, winding all over only one side, caused the im pression the stone was of volcanic origin and that one light strata cracked as it cooled. The piece was shown to Addison E. Sheldon when he was here last summer. “This,” he said, “is the most interesting specimen you have shown me." “Is it the work of ancients?” he was quizzed. “It undoubtedly is,” he added to his first appraisal. Intaglio lines are intertwined about and many seem to suggest prehis'oric monsters. An Indian woman’s face is there as plain as day. Her hay is done in a top-knot, her features are remarkubly Indian. Somehow *he figures remind one of Old Egypt.. There must be some important mes sage on this rock. It would be at least a half days work to duplicate the carving. On the Fritz Green ranch on upper Eagle, last Fourth of July was found an egg-sized snow-white stone on which it was carved a square base and on the base a small cone. The rest of this stone is shapeless, cracked, per haps only part of the stone containing much carving. It seems to be as hard as glass. The shape of the carving would indicate the artist used a hollow drill, common to aboriginal workmen, but there are angles cut like one would cut soap which is mighty hard to ex plain, lying at the base of the tiny cone. A piece of thin and apparently ham mered copper, known also as repousse work, may yet prove to be lining for some modern engine cylinder or other mechanical piece. It is on a base and resembles an extinct giant lizard. It was sent to Lincoln experts where it was thought modern but left in doubt. The piece was picked up near Eagle creek last summer. A toy knife of bone, one and one half inch long, and almost one-fourth inch thick, still bearing the fringe of the honeycomb of the animal bone, was found on the farm of James Mc Dermott about one year ago. The knife is handled and has two scallops on the back of the handle and blade. It is clumsily sharpened and intact. On the south bank of the Elkhorn on I his same farm was found protruding from a bank, eight feet under the ground surface, the business end of a pecking stone hatchet, a devise used here for shaping axes, maul heads and large pieces by granulation, pecking the stone to shape almost grain by grain, then finishing with several days of rubbing with whetstones, water and sand. Thousands of the whetstones have been gathered up, all worn to concave curves this way and that. Near the hatchet was an arrowhead of agate, unusual shape and so old the flinty agate actually had rotted partly awav. On a farm northeast of here, once operated by Patrick Shea, is an ex tensive fiat t ish hill where arrowheads used to be found by dozens. Search there recently revealed no arrowheads but many flrerocks and hatchet-head size rocks that had been worked to a unusual pattern that suggests they were intended to mark the place of burial. Not now, with thousands of groves of trees, roads ami buildings would such marks be needed, but when Nebraska was an unending sea of prairie it must have been thought necessary to mark everything if one expected, to locate places and things. Hills, valleys and plains must have looked pretty much the same as others even to a child of the untamed out doors. .surgeon s Knives were a part ot tne equipment of medicine men, and many patds of these have been recovered in Holt county, particularly near O’Neill. Most of these early day scaplels were shaped of agate, which is chalcedony, and the length is not known here. Only broken pieces have been recov ered. The business end of most of the knife heads seen here is about one-half inch wide, like a common table knife, but there is a point for fine cutting. The handle seems to have been much narrower than the blade. An operation here 1,000 years ago probably would cause laughter today if we could see it, yet it is known the Indians knew every plant on this con tinent as well as their effects on the human body. They made use of nar cotics and therefore an operation then may have been pretty much the same as today. Toothache is thought to have been a holy fright on bleak prairies, but it must be remembered the Indians had plenty of sunshine on their bodies, ate much raw vegetables and chewed on bones and did almost everything modern dentists recommend to those desiring to have sound teeth. So toothache must have been infre quent. Of many Indian heads ex amined, none showed dental caries, decayed spots, and even if they were afflicted with this pain, they had the medicines to alleviate it, besides being able to put a victim to sleep while some medicine man knocked the ' tooth out. A gaming-ball of Spanish Diggings ' stone was picked up by August H. Brown, of Hastings, Nabr., hut where, is not known. It is believed this was found in Holt county. The ball iis roughly chipped A shinny game called for such a sphere. Most ancient villages had a gaming field east, and another west of the place. A stone ball was wrapped with skin, the play ers used shinny sticks and played on ground or ice. (Continued next week.) Nebraska Fish And Came Ass’n Adopts Constitution The directors of the Nebraska Fish and Game Association met in Grand Island at the Yancey Hotel on Febru ary 4. A constitution was adopted and a program set up to encourage and foster the conservation, restoration and promotion of Fsh & Game in the State of Nebraska. The following is a copy of the pro gram adopted by the board of direct ors. 1. Keep Nebraska sportsmen in formed on the following: State and National legislation pertaining to game and fish. All activities of the Nehrs ka game commission; all activities of the Nebraska fish and game associ ation; hunting and fishing conditions in the state. 2. A conservation program for Ne braska. 2, A constructive program for the propagation of fish, and game birds. 4. Lend assistance to Nebraska game commission in establishing game ref uges, and public shooting and fishing grounds. 5. Pertect an organization wnicn can secure favorable game legislation. fi>. Educate Nebraska citizens to bet ter know and obey the game laws. 7. Devise a suitable means of ed ucating Nebraska school children a long the following lines: Nebraska’s topography relative to it’s recrea tional possibilities; know Nebraska’s fish, game and wild life; develop a course suitable for rod and gun classes to be established in schools where possible; better appreciation of God’s out-of-doors. 8. Full cooperation with other fish and game organizations. The Nebraska Fsh and Game As sociation is a new vehicle designed by Nebraska sportsmen for Nebraska Sportmen and their interests. The membership is open to all per sons regularly licensed or permitted to fish and hunt in the State of Nebraska who may comply with the by-laws of the association pertinent to member ship. The dues are one dollar per year. | Plans for a state-wide meeting at Grand Island February 25, of all Ne braska sportsmen under the sponsor ship of the Nebraska Fish and Game association, are being made by the board of directors. This meeting will convene at the Yancey Hotel at 10 a. m. and all the sportsmen in the state are invited. State Journal: The right of John Mullen, a minor, who worked for his father on road work for Holt county, to sue for workmen’s cmpensation was denied hy the supreme court Tuesday. The court says there was no proof that the boy had been emancipated by his father or that there was any con tract of hire between them: An O’Neill man whose wife went away temporarily was afraid he would not awake in time to go to work. A friend, living 10 blocks away, an early riser, rang the sound sleeper’s tele phone morningsand solved the problem. BERT OLDS IS TAKEN TO OMAHA (Continued from page 1.) pile of wood ashes. Ten feet north was a rude shelter of hay, twigs, some cloth and a lot of faith in little or nothing. The wind Friday morning was from the south, not a thing to slow it, and it is certain any animal would have suffered with cold where this man sat on the ground and ate. The balance of the equipment was several tin cans and a few odds and ends, mostly odds. When breakfast was over, a paper sack or two and j some tins were given a neighbor. It was stated these contained food. One had peeled potatoes, in water, raw and ready for the fire. As mentioned, the neighbors in northeast Holt county certainly know what the word neigh bor means. Olds arose and disposed of his be longings to a neighbor. The man produced a common paring knife and calmly picked his back teeth, remov ing several chunks of meat which were sent whirring, luckily hitting noth ing in the flesh. Suddenly there was a commotion and heads turned to see a footrace between Duffy and Olds. Duffy won, but not in a walk, and Olds was asked what he meant by his sudden depar ture. “Oh, just a warming up is all," he said. “Going to run to the house while you boys come along in the wagon.” He may have Leen making his final stand for liberty. Bert Olds appears to be an intel ligent man. Only the talk about the curses seemed out of place. He knows the outdoors very well. One of his stunts, his neighbors said is to build two campfires, then move one to the other at bedtime, clean off the ground and go to sleep on the heated spot. Indians used this trick and he was quizzed as to his meeting Red men. “You bet,” he said, “the Indians and Negroes are a whole lot better than the whites. I have been among them many times and learned to like them.” On the way to O’Neill he readily read sign board news and at his camp he had newspapers, borrowed from the neighobrs, evidently. He quoted top ical subjects from the papers and ex pressed his opinions on them, so he must be able to read and write. On the way to O’Neill he softened and seemed to put more trust in Mr. Duffy. At the camp he had been told the government wanted to give him a fair break and he replied, “Don’t you know we have no government? If we had, they would have sent me blankets instead of bothering me like this. You don’t see them after the rich boys, the bankers and the like. No, they come out here after a poor man, in a gang; gosh, if I had a six-shooter on me I would certainly be up for robbing some bank.” The last, night and morning on the Eagle, for Olds, was pronounced by him the worst, coldest, he had put in this winter. Olds said he was awfully disap pointed the sheriff had not given him a weeks notice he was to grab him so he could have time to prepare and de vour a meal before he and his cohorts came bothering around. lie asked and was granted permission to take along a box of some mysterious medicine, perhaps something taken from na ture’s drug store on the banks of the Eagle. who specialized in taking wolves by digging them out. “You can’t sit up nights and make good catching wolves for a living,” Olds said, so they sep arated and he does not know where his former partner went to. Olds said he was putting a curse on the six who took him, a blanket curse on northern Holt county and a free for-all curse of full strength on the entire world. He said he cursed other places and they wouldn’t know water today if they saw it. Leaving his large, young police dog bothered the man like it would the rest of us. He manifested strong af fection for the animal. He was asked his name. “Nothing,” he said, “ I have not had the time to name him and besides you know times have been too hard to give a dog a name.” A story was told of a partner he had one time who insisted on sitting up until midnight telling stories and Neighbors said the dog was adept at rounding up wild or domestic animals of small size, and they thought he made a good living at this. 01d3 said he had seven dogs shot. He counted them, one, two, three . . . , and told of kill kluxers in Oklahoma visiting him at night and of his being bothered here and there by officers. He said ho found people awfully mean and that the end of the world was just around the corner. The people out there were not afraid of Olds; they wanted, especially the women, to see him safely where some chance six-foot fall of snow and 40 below weather would not cause a tragedy that could be averted. The women know 'Olds is someone’s son, that he is a man, a human being, and they did not like to have him punishing himself as he is at his age by living outdoors, with not enough shelter or warmth to raise the temperature of northern Holt county one tenth of one legree. Olds is about GO. He is well preserved and good looking. It was noticed he did not have any trace of a cold, perhaps indicating what fresh air will do—if one can stand it in winter. lie js about 5 feet 10 inches in sta ture, weighs about 175, has red beard streaked with gray, dark hair, is slightly hump shouldered. The first finger of his left hand is off and scars .how he has been in some accident in which he was severely cut. Bidding the dog goodbye required about 15 minutes. “Here dog,” he ;aid, “take this; last time I’ll ever see or feed you. I know; this makes seven [ have had taken away like this.” “You may not be to blame for this, Duffy, but someone is going to be punished awful for spoiling my fun out here. What have I done to be rounded up like a scalawag?” Duffy made a motion to get in the wagon. The mo tion was sustained. Olds talked as though he had been in every part of the country. “I have been drifting from the cornfields to North Dakota many years,” he said. And of his dog: “If I had been able, I would have paid $5 for a chunk of cow for that dog, one of the smartest I ever owned.” The dog leaped about at the parting as if to fight the world. Olds was taken to Omaha by Sheriff Duffy last Friday afternoon. He appeared sat isfied at the queer turn things h years old; One Gurnsey cow 3 years old; One Gurnsey cow 2 years old; One black cow fresh March 15; One roan bull, long yearling; Three steer calves; Two heifer calves; One Gurnsey bull 3 years old. 1 Hoif. 21 chickens, White Jersey Giants. MACHINERY: —One flat disc; 1 lister; 1 over-shot stacker; 1 sweep; 1 ti-foot McCormick mower; 1 8-foot Acme mower; 2 sets work harness; 1 Moline lister; 1 riding cultivator; 1 two-section drag; 1 Hock Island corn planter: 1 Moline sulky plow; 1 garden drill; 1 Oliver gang plow, 11 - in.; 3 rolls wire cribbing; 1 2411-egg Old Trusty incubutor; I 70-egg Old Trusty incubator; about 10 or 15 bushels of white seed corn. HOUSEHOLD GOODS: —One davenport; I library tuhle; 2 rocking chairs; 8 dining chaira; 1 dining table; I kitchen cabinet; I kitchen table; I bedstead and spring; other things not mentioned. Have a wrecked Model A. Ford; will sell all accessories. TI RMS:—Nine months time will be given on all sums over $10. with approved security and 9 per rent interest. $10 and under, cash. No property l.t he removed until settled for. If you want credit make before ill. -ale. W. It. LAMB, Ow nor Col. JAMES MOORE. Auctioneer O'NEILL NAT’L HANK, Clerk