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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (June 16, 1932)
OF [N "EREST TO FARMERS ■ •' * - - ■ —. WHAT’S GARBAGE WORTH? Every hog producer is interested In garbage as a feed for hogs. He knows that whatever he can get out of the refuse from the tables and kitchens is Just that much velvet; that if it is not fed to hogs, it is wasted. But Just what it is worth in dollars and cents is some thing that even the scientific in vestigators have shied at. Little has been recorded on the subpect. That garbage has real value that can be definitely measured in dol lars and cents may be learned from the following data secured where more than a hundred tons of gar bage are fed to hogs annually at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washing ton, D. C., and where daily records are kept: These records show that where 5,000 people were fed. the table and kitchen waste amounted to 206,250 gallons in one year, or about 41.25 gallons per person. Gar bage weighs on the average 8.6 lbs. to the gallon, which means that there was close to one pound a day of waste for each consumer. This garbage is $pd to hogs of all sizes and ages so that the only measure of its value is in the annual cut put of dressed pork which remains fairly constant one year with an other. This amounted to 125,713 lbs. last year. Thus the actual re turns from garbage fed was one pound of dressed pork for every 1.64 gallons of garbage. Actual feeding experiments show that It requires approximately 4.5 lbs. of grain to produce a pound of dressed pork, therefore, 1.64 gallons (14.1 lbs.( of garbage is of equal vaiue as 4.5 lbs. of grain. In other words, 3.13 lbs. garbage is worth as much as one pound of grain in porkpro duction. Example: If corn is worth 56 cents a bushel (56 lbs.) it will take 56 times 3.13 or 175.28 lbs. of garbage to be of equal value as a bushel of corn. Since garbage is usually stated in terms of gallons, this means that the 22 gallons are worth 56 cents or 2.5 cents per gal lon. Undoubtedly!" one of the rea sons why so little has been done towards finding the grain equivalent of garbage is that garbage varies widely in quality. Ac cording to the U. S. department of agriculture, garbage from hos pitals and other public institutions is of the highest quality, that from hotels and restauaants next, and general municipal garbage lowest. In the case just cited, the quality of the garbage was high. Nothing was allowed to go into the garbage can that the hogs would not eat. Orange and lemon peels, tea leaves, coffee grounds, potato parings, and especially dish water, were strictly tabooed, the latter because of the possible injurious effects from soap and washing powders. Consequently the relative value of garbage and grain is closer than what is likely to be found in general muicipal collections. Furthermore, it has been estimated that less than one-third of the garbage of the country, out side of that of the rural sections, is utilized.. The remainder is des troyed. Obviously, it requires no great stretch of the imagination to picture the tremendous waste that might be converted into a source of revenue for each municipality, especially in face of the ease with which its feed value may be ap proximated within practical lines. SHIPPING EGGS DIRECT Each winter and early spring we receive several inquiries as to places to ship eggs direct to dealers in New York City or other eastern markets., says a dealer in produce. These inquiries come almost always following the severe breaks in prices that come each year be tween December and April. Our answer must be discouraging to folks honing thus to find a better market. Five years ago, we went into this matter rather thoroughly, and found a considerable number of western producers who had estab lished satisfactory market con nections in Chicago, Cleveland, Philadalphia, New York City and Boston. Nearly all reported they found it quite profitable to ship direct from August to January and much less from February to July. In fact, more than half shipped only from July or August till the winter break. Each year since, we have checked up on the matter, and found it still much the same. The profitable period varies. Last summer, We ran across two who had been shipping east for years and who started in June with prof it. They hgd quit at Christmas time in 1930. This was the earliest either had begun in summer. Of course, some find a special con nection with a gTOcer or egg route retailer which does give them a margin thruout the year. But to ship to a commission merchant east of Chicago, the time to start is the late summer or early fall. HARD WORK RATIONS Low prices of cottonseed meal are encouraging farmers t o feed more of it to work animals. In limited quantities it has proved excellent for horses and mules. A good daily ration for horses and mules — animals weighing 1,000 pounds— doing heavy work can be made by mixing 13 pounds of either oats, corn, crushed grain sorghum or barley with one pound of cotton seed meal and feeding with the mixture 14 pounds of either hay cr bundle stover. Another good ra tion is made by mixJig 12 pounds of either oats, corn, crushed grain 6orghum or barley with two pounds of cottonseed meal and five pounds of cottonseed hulls, to which five pounds of either hay or bundle stover should be added. Either mo lasses or crushed wheat can be substituted for half the grain in either ration. Since cottonseed meal is a very rich feed, it should be started at the rate of one quar CHOICE BITS FOT CHICKS When early chicks are raised, it is a good idea to gfVe them a little variety end change when they must be kept confined rather closely. No matter how, a change is appreciated i The raw potato peelings left from ' the dinner preparation are thor oughly. enjoyed. If these do not I go far. a few split potatoes, fastened 1 to the' brooder house walls will give j the babies a lot of fun and a bit | of appreciated variety. A handful i of clean, bright alfalfa hay orce a day will give them something to play.with ar.d scrap over. The same , is true of cabbage and lettuce ! leaves, when available. Such tbines 1 ter pound per dav per animal and increased gradually to the desired quantity. Feeding cottonseed meal to horses and mules at work is of special interest to Cotton Belt far mers where the quantity of feed produced usually is not sufficient for local needs. It presents also excellent opportunities to feeder* in other sections. PRUNING SMALL FRUITS In pruning blackberries and rasp berries, remove al' canes which have borne fruit; reduce the num ber of new canes to that which the plant can support through pro duction — between five and ten. depending on fertility of the soil and moisture supply; head back these canes to adapt them to the system of training followed, and pinch out the growing tips of the canes just when they reach a height of eighteen inches if no trellis is used and if the plants are to be self-supporting. Blackberries and raspberries bear all of their fruit on shoots from buds on last year's canes. All suckers which rise from the roots between plants must be dug out. Gooseberries and cur rants bear fruit on the same wood for several years, so only three year-old wood is removed each year. It Is customary to allow each plant to contain about six canes, the oldest two of which are annual ly cut away and replaced by two new shoots of the year's growth. These new shoots then are allowed to bear three crops, when they in turn are removed. All new shoots in excess of the ones needed to replace the old canes are pruned out close to the ground. Grapes bear on new wood produced in the same year. Leave eight to ten buds on each cane of the previous year’s growth. Select several canes for bearing, according to their po sition on the main vine with re spect to your system of training. HOME CURED PORK Uutehering from one to a half dozen hogs and curing the meat for use during the spring and summer, is a winter job on nearly every com belt farm. To make the most money and to produce meat of the highest possible qualiay, butchering should be done in January or the first half of February. Late February and early March killing all too often results in a poor cure, spoiled meat, ! much molding and high wastage through the necessity of excessive trimming when the meat is pre pared for the table. Under farm conditions of curing and storage, pork should be thoroughly cured, dried and smoked before the ad vent of warm weather in April. oST farn\ slaughter, hogs weighing 4-50 pounds and under are easier to dress and handle, and their use practically eliminates the danger of sour centers” and other signs of incomplete cure in hams. In addition, the smaller hams, shoul ders and bacon slabs make better cuts and choicer meat and the farm family is entitled to the best the farm produces. Test work at one station gives some interesting in formation on the curing of meats, iiams and bacop, given a sugar cure with ‘‘smoked salt,” showed good results and were ranked well “D in Potability by the group of judges. The ‘‘smoked salt” is much more convenient and safer to use than a smoke house. -—♦♦ TELL ’EM WHAT YOU GOl Suppose you want to sell your f«. im and there does not seem to be a buyer locally. Think of those among 200.000 that are not con tented on their present place, and a*ant to change for a larger or farm, different neighbor P?04!’ better market, schools churches and what not. Perhaps growing up sons and daughters need larger opportunities alone or all to gether. Many of these good men looking over this market place, are working for some one else as super intendent or hired man and want to start out for themselves. Not the means to buy but mean to have some day, and just now want to rent a good farm. If you have a good proposition, don’t you suppose they will be interested? If you have what they want they want you will hear from them; if not, you won’t. Suppose you have a good young bull from good sire and dam? Don’t you appreciate that there are thou sands being sold to these 200,000 dairymen every year? It is only a case of having what they want. Suppose you have a particularly fine field of any grown crop that should be wanted for seed, think of the thousands who are going to buy from some one and they can not be interested in what you have unless you tell them about it. Put an ad in your local paper and you're at once in touch with those who are most likely to be interested in your proposition. ■-A A SANITATION BRINGS PROFITS An increase in gross returns, amounting to $45 per sow, is credit ed to the swine sanitation system by one western farmer, who com pares his 1931 pig crop with his 1930 production. In 1930, under the old system of management, this farmer’s 20 sows raised a fraction less than Eve pigs each. The pigs required eight months of feeding to fatten them to a market weight of 200 lbs. In 1931 the same sows, managed under the system of swine sanitation, raised 159 pigs, or an everage of nearly eight pigs per sow. At the ape of five months and 12 days, 32 of the 1931 pigs were marketed and averaged 201 lbs. This was not only an increased production per sow, but there was a saving of more than two months* leed in finishing the pigs for mar ket. Commenting on this farmer’s experimence, swine specialists of the U. S. department of agricul ture point out that better feeding, housing, and other factors result ing from interest in the new sys tem probably contributed to the results. not only add variety and vitamins to the ration, but makes less likely the development of cannibalism, toe picking and feather eating. Th<> one virtue of dandelions, as I see it, is that they make wonderful chick greens before anything else is ready. If you never have fed any to chicks, try It. ^ FATTENING CATTLE Fattening cattle which get good legume hay—clover, alfalfa or soy bean—and corn will make excellent gains lor three or four months without the addition of such feeds as cottonseed meal or linseed oil meal. - THIS CURIOUS WORLD - 1 0£CAl<-f_ iT DtbAPPEAOeo So SoOOfiAJLV, ^CAROLINA RAIL ONCS WAS Tn<XXi5 Torn IH&A f»e\9, t5 WHEN WINikR CAMS. <£ A NesftoT^ MATr H£NS7DN , A£CO»PAH'£0 Qodazl PSAStY * ON £XP<SC>iI/ON 3b ( ins NoffTH Pace/ j ,f/Jr * '\] mw ACS MAOS oF A maT«?IAiL ONUK5 ANYTHING £LSS IN NAlJCS it is nsiThsr 0onb Nor R£SH, MSM6RANE NOe'feNOoN. 5*0 C tWJ BY NCA SCRVtCt, IWC. tr. “DISABILITY” From the Boston Herald Private Jones kissed his wife and two little girls good-by in 1918 and went to France. He died in action on the battlefield. His wages had been the only income from a gov ernment which wastes money by the hundreds of millions $48 a month. Private Smith, unmarried, sailed with Private Jones and served be hind the lines. He came through unscratched. Late in 1924 he dis covered that he had tuberculosis, which “disabled” him 10 per cent. The doctors did a good job on him, however. The disease has been ar rested. He is healthy and husky His earning power is not affected. He does the work of an able-bodied man. He receives $50 a month, and he will continue to receive it for the rest of his life. Grotesque and cruel injustices of that kind abound* in the pension laws and amendments which have been adopted since 1918. A few of them have been cited in a report by the council of the New York Academy of Medicine. The docu ment is a credit to the council and to the medical profession, and re flects discredit on the Congress which allows the conditions to con tinue. The academy calls for a con gressional investigation and legis lation which shall remove the gross inequalities. If Congress which certainly is not prejudicial to the veteran, wishes to render the country a service, it can’t do better than heed the request. A full and impartial report would shock even a country which is already battered by the depression. The report is all the more sig nificant in that the council does not hesitate to criticise doctors. It says that the percentage of medi cal ex-officers who are now getting “disability" compensation is larger than the percentage of infantry and field artillery officers. Various physicians who are receiving part or full “disability” allowances are employed at full-time salaries by the Government. Attention is called to one of them who gets $9,000 a year from the federal treasury and, in addition, two-thirds of his for mer army pay, $187 a month, for "disability.” The whole story Is one which causes wrath. The abuses are be coming worse all the time, for ex ample, the number of men getting allowances for “disabilities” attrib uted to war service increased from 174,000 in 1922 to 299,000 in 1929 and to 313,000 in 1931. The council makes the comment which would come from the ordinary layman: “It is hardly conceivable that any disease would develop as late as 1931 due to war service which was concluded more than 14 years ago.” Cash “disabality” allowances now go to about 368,000 veterans, and the council estimates that by 1933 the total will be 561,000 unless the pension laws and regulations are amended. Is the council harsh, cold-blooded, unspmpathetic? Just the opposite. It holds that “adequate compensa tion be continued for those veter ans who were in fact diseased or disabled as the result of war ser vice,’’and asks that an inquiry be made to determine w'hether the widows and children of soldiers who died during the war or as a result of war injuries are getting proper consideration. “Disability” has oome to be a joke. Is anybody unacquainted with some man or other who is doing the work of an average c.tizen but nevertheless receives a hand some "disability” payment from the Government Naturally, knowing of these cases, the ordinary veteran who gets nothing is tempted to follow the example of some of the superior officers “Disability?” Biologist Against “Fig-leaf” Talks London — (UP) — “Pigleaf talks” for children are quite useless in these days, according to Prof. Sir Arthur Thomson, biologist. In a lecture on sex education of the child at the Ladies’ Carlton club. Professor Thomson lamented the fact that pet. rabbits arc being replaced by mechanical toys and that the children consider ch Idren’s garden parties aS unspeakaby old fashioned. “The great difficulty about The New York council sums tht thing up properly when it says: “The compensation which they re ceive monthly from the Govern ment is a gift, continued during their liver, having no relationship to their needs . . . There is obvious ly no sound medical basis for the present legislation.” MODERN MAGIC From Atlanta Constitution | Orchids plucked in their native heath in the jungles of South Am erica and gracing the corsage of milady of North America two days later; bananas ripened on the trees in Brazil or Nicaragua on breakfast tables in New York, Chicago and Seattle; perishable foods, fruits and flowers of all kinds from the giJ dens of North America for the ban quets of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, while nature’s freshness is still upon them — these are some of the promises held out through the installation of an "aerial ex press’ service by the great air lines now plying between the Americas The list of the merchandise al ready carried, according to the New York Herald, “includes cargo as varied as the 'ivory, apes and pea cocks’ that the Tyrian gallays brought to King Solomon of old.' But what a far cry it is from the two to four days now required tc traverse the thousands of miles between the great metropolises ol North and South America and the equal number of months that lum bering galleons look to go from one end of the Mediterranean to the other in olden days. Relations between North and South America are already being revolutionized by the development of airmail and passenger service, and commerce and industry in both countries is destined to be vastly profited as the intimacy of contact increases. Especially will the southeastern section of the United States benefit from this development of inter continental air travel and trans portation. All ships carrying either passengers, mail or express intended for cities of all the states east of the Mississippi river must come via the airports of Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas, and southern cities will profit accordingly. Flapper Fanny Says GlADVS O MCA The reducing woman hopes her friends will stick by her through thick and thin. A Swell Boss. From Hummel, Hamburg. “Could I have Saturday off to help my wife with the spring clean ing, sir?” “No, I’m afraid not—” “Thank you, sir; I knew I could rely on you.” teaching children,” he declared, “li that grown-ups know practically nothing of what the child thinks Our children are getting farther anc farther away from the life of th« country, with its everyday educatior of mating and giving birth. “Another difficulty is due to ar absence of clear pictures of what is meant by male and female. “It is time to be done with reti cence, which is an insult. We must avoid all fig-leaf verbiage and namby-pamby words which have to be unlearned later.” WHAT’S IN FASHIONS? New York—Country shoes are coming to town! Watch fashion know inc feet this summer and you’ll see. Out of a shiny limousine will step a pair of white-and-browns ... an oxford, perhaps, or a pump. (And out of the 5c bus will step its exact counterpart.) Under a smart restaurant table at luncheon you’ll see them . . . with white-and-blacks and all whites as well. Sandals and one straps, too. With Lighter Costumes Of course these so-called "coun try” shoes aren’t walking with dressy dark clothes. Conservative dark shoes still accompany these. But they trip along with the lighter or brighter colored costumes that, in their turn, have stepped out of the exclusively spectator sports class into the summer town group. Those jacket costumes of print cottons or silks, for instance; the pastel silks and linens; the all white costume; the dark colored linen suit. While or "White-and-” The "white-and-” shoe combines such leathers os calf and buck . . .buck for the white and calf for the “and.” Or fabrics—linen or mesh—mate with calf and pig. It it’s all-white you like, your shoes may be of one material calf, pig (these often unlined) or linen—or of twro materials vs calf or pig with buck, linen or ntssh. In Many Styles Qpera pumps tap comfortably cuban heels (sketch 1). Oxfords are lower cut (sketch 2). Sandals (sketch 3) are graceful with high low heels. But the newest and most unusual arrival from the country is the ghillie (sketch 4)—the ankle-laced shoe that started in active sports but is now lower and slimmer for town. How to Clean With all this talk of white, you may well think “Cleaners’ bills.” Eut there are tricks to do at home to keep these down. If you’d like our free bulletin (it discusses clean ing shoes, gloves, handbags and hats) Just send the coupon. Tomorrow: Fabric bags and gloves make smart accents in summer out fits. San Antonio Woman Sues for Old Cabinet San Antonio, Tex.—(UP»—Pos session of an antlqua rosewood cab inet, valued at $1,000 and dating back to the period of Louis IV. is sought in a suit filed in district court here by Mrs. Nellie F. Schlom against A. S. Kohlman. Mrs. Schlom claims she bor rowed $90 from David Freidman and placed the cabinet in his hands as security, with redemption priv ileges. Kohlman secured fiossession of the cabinet and her efforts to regain it have been unavailing, she alleges in the suit. The average ^merican schoolboy of today receives two more years of school than the boy of 1914. I RESULTS OF COUNTY MERGERS ] W. G. Sibley in Journal of Commerce J Extraordinary results have followed a consolidation of two counties in Tennessee in 1919. James and Hamilton counties united in one county government, the purpose be ing to lessen the costs of county government. James county closed its courthouse and jail, and released its list of coun ty officials to private life, while Hamilton county, whose seat of government is Chattanooga, took over all official county functions. When this novel experiment began there were two miles of paved roads, four months of public schools, and high taxes. Now there are 50 miles of paved roads, schools are in session eight months of the year, and taxes have been reduced 50 per cent. That seems to be a complete answer to critics of the county merger. Reductions of overhead expenses for coun ty government explains everything. How many areas over the country might have similar experiences in public economies if groups of counties with small populations should merge into groups of two or three or four. Obvious ly the upkeep of courthouses, jails and other public build ings might be cut out, to say nothing of the salaries of 1® or 15 county officers in all the counties joined except one. In one other state this practical political economy is now in force. Two Georgia counties are now merged—Campbell and Milton—with the seat of county government in At lanta. The change took effect January 1, last. Big business has profited enormously by mergers that have cut expenses, and increased efficiency. But it re mained for counties in two southern states to set an ex ample to northern counties in political economy. Of course the change was not effected without the op position of public job-holders, but the saving to be pul into effect was so obvious, the reduction of taxation so certain, that the people eagerly voted in the reform. Some years ago the Ohio legislature was raided by the lawyers of the state in a bill providing that every ccjmty should have its own common pleas judge, however small the volume of its court business might be. It was said that it would open the way to abolishing the probate court* l*y putting them under the authority of the common pleus court, but there was no intention ever to do .that. Tht whole scheme w«*s to add scores of unnecessary Judges te the tax burdens of the people. Before that wanton political! ' scheme was put through two common pleas judges easily ^ took care of four or five counties, and had long vacations. Then salaries were heavily increased when flush times came. But no politician suggests any reduction now. “A great regular army of occupation,” Governor Roosevelt ha* , called the county officers and its continual increase is j sought by politics. The same thing goes on in all our big cities, where „ hundreds and thousands of unnecessary officials subsist at the expense of the people and help boost tax rates. Communication Rates In Argentina Raised Washington —(UP)— Communi 'ation companies of Argentina have been authorized to increase their rates, as quoted in Argentina paper pesos, about 35 per cent on all ser vices of an international character, cecause of depreciated exchange ales, according to reports received >v the commerce department from 'ice Consul Hugh Corby Fox, Buenos ires. The Increased rates affect radio, telegraph, cable and telephone com panies. The companies have an nounced that when there is an im provement in the exchange rate at the Argentina paper peso as com pared with the gold franc, the equiv alent in the local circulation me dium will be lowered with a result ing decrease in Argentine paper pem rates. New rates are expected to result in increased use of the tri-week^ airmail service between the Argen tine and the United States,