[of interest ro farmers WHY GROW HORNS When one sees a cow’s udder torn or her sides and flanks ripped with the horns of some stable mate, he is likely to indulge in consider able conjecture as to just why horns are allowed to grow. It is easy to perceive why dairy cows should be dehorned, but the prej udice against dehorning is difficult to justify. Many of the larger breeders, showmen and most fanc iers become dismayed at any sug ?estion of dehorning. These persons eel that horns are perfectly nat ural, they look upon a dehorned cow as unfortunate and abnormal; they reason that horns contribute greatly to the appearance of an animal. Horns were perfectly natural and necessary for survival at one time In the history of cattle, but that time has long since passed. They no longer serve the needs of de fense but are used exclusively as Instruments of torture. Dehorning does rob an animal of some of its “flash.” However, our concept of flash could be easily revised to omit horns. After all, flash is not par ticularly significant, espiecially if It hinges upon such a superficial character as the horns. Some de horned animals have achieved the highest successes in show rings. Pew judges or buyers will discrim inate against a superior animal be cause it lacks horns. All the flash and attractiveness that horns would provide in an entire herd could not compensate for an injured udder on a good cow. Incidentally, the quiet docile, productive cow or the young heiltr just admitted to the herd for first freshening is the usual victim. The outlaw “boss cow” of questionable productivity does not suffer injury. The greater care in handling the herd, the cheaper housing costs that are possible and the greater contentment of the cows are addi tional reasons for dehorning. ---- FIXING DAIRY RATION A guide for the inexperienced man feeding dairy cattle given bv most authorities on the subject, is one pound of grain to three pounds of milk for the Island breeds, and one pound to four or five of milk for the other dairy breeds. This is an excellent rule, but it cannot be followed too closely, says an experi enced dairyman. In our herd of pure-bred Guernsey cattle we sel dom get up to 15 pounds of grain per day for the Individual cow, and never over that, although the test ers catch more than half of our cows and heifers at the peak in excess of 45 pounds of milk daily, and a number from 55 to 65 pounds daily. According to the rule many of these cows should receive 20 pounds of grain, or more, daily. The outgo in milk, rich in fat and other solids, would require this quantity of grain. Yet we have found in practice that to feed this quantity tends to upset the digestive organs and may throw the individual cow off feed completely. For several years we have met the situation by fairly heavy feeding of the cow when she is dry—7 to 12 pounds of grain daily according to the con dition of the cow. Bight pounds daily to the cow in milk is about as low as we ever go. The last month or two of the lactation period the cow will not usually require this much grain for her immediate output, assuming, of course, that she is well fed on roughages; but we are looking ahead to :!ie next lactation period, plac ing fat on her for a reserve against the day when her output w ill exceed her intake. It is at these times wre can give the cow the extra pounds of feed she will need when she is flush, without harming her. The cow should not be looked upon as a day-to-day proposition, and her feed juggled accordingly on the grain scale. The entire year, the following year, even the five-year span should have thoughtful con sideration. In many good herds the cows are fed too heavy at the peak and too light towards the end of the lactation period and during the dry spell. The longtime view will eliminate some of our errors in feeding. PRESERVING POSTS Farmers generally are aware of the terrific annual waste due to wood decay. Fence posts and the posts used for roof support in cer tain buildings are especially short lived, since they are buried in di rect contact with the soil and so furnish direct moisture to the fun gus growth. It is not a difficult thing to incorporate poisons in the wood which last for many years and so stave off the attacks of the fungi. Creosote and a number of other chemicals, notably zinc chloride, have been developed for similar use with more or less similar results. The fact that so few posts have been treated with any of the ma terials available probably checks to the slight difficulty in ordering the chemicals which are not usually available at retail, to the labor of treating, and to the small amount of specialized equipment necessary. Good commercially treated timbers are available in only a few locali ties. A new method and new ma terials are now available, however. The new method is the placing of dry powdered or crystalline poison in holes bored in the post at ground line or in a ring around the post some six inches below ground sur face. The poisons are soluble in water and so dissolve in the mois ture entering the post from the ground. In solution they are dis tributed up and down the post, the wood fibers acting as a wick. The new poisons, which have been un der test for the last 10 to 20 years, are an arsenic dust and mercuric chloride corrosive sublimate. The former is the one recommended for placing in a ring around the post; OLD TIME PRACTICE TABOO The usual method for inducing a calf or cow to respond to the dairy man s wishes is to “twist her tail.” This procedure is established through long usage; a dairyman in voluntarily uses it to make an ani mal rise or move into the stanchion or out the door. All cow men recog nize its propensity for securing de sired results. But it also has some undesirable results. In a great many dairy herds there are animals with deformed, dislocated and broken tails. A method better than twist toc the tail can be used. A calf or | iii seiting new posts some also should be placed in the hole. Th: mercuric chloride is placed in three quarter inch holes bored about twt inches in the post at ground line. One hole to the post has been used but it seems better to use two on opposite sides, three for large posts. The mercuric chloride is mixed with arsenic and common salt in equal i volumes and placed in ihe holes, a tablespoonful to each. The holes are then corked with wood plugs. The advantage of this type of treat ment may be summarized as fol lows: (1) Posts in some places may be cut near the place of use and set immediately. They need not be sea soned. Advocates of the chloride discourage peeling and advise set ting as green as possible. Posts treated with the arsenic dust ring should be peeled. i2> Fast growing tree varieties and small sized thin nings can be used to give the same lngth of life as larger untreated specimens. i3i All work can be done by inexperienced labor. (4) The method requires no special or expensive equipment. (5) The cost is nominal—from 5 to 15 cents, de pending on the amount of material used, and exclusive of labor. (6t Posts already in the ground may be treated without removal, a thing possible with no other process. I.ATE WORK IN VINEYARD There are several matters that make for the successful growing of the 1932 grape crop that should be attended to in late fall. Black rot, one of the verj common vine dis eases of native American grapes, is carried over to a large extent through spores that are found on the grape berries that have dried or mummied during the previous growing season and fallen to the ground. Hence any means that will place these mummies beneath the soil surface to a fair depth will thereby lessen the infection of the succeeding year. Fall plow'- , ing, if the land is not subject to winter washing, accomplishes this end. Then, too, the turning down of the rubbish about the vines in the fall will destroy the hiberna ting covering of the grape-leaf hopper. Since this insect winters as a flying adult, it is on the wing long before any cultural practices are operative in the spring In this connection it is particularly im portant that the rubbish likely to accumulate in rasberry, blackberry and strawberry rows, especially if they are near grape vines, be like wise cleaned out in November.. If for one reason or another the fruit has not been harvested from cer tain vines it is necessary to go through and clip off the clusters even though they will not be used at home or marketed. Normal rip ening of the bud and cane tissue does not occur if the fruit Is al lowed to hang, and in consequence injury from low winter tempera tures is likely to result. EXERCISE SOWS AND EWES Plan wintering arrangements for the brood sows and breeding ewes to induce them to take ex ercise. A flock seems pleased at the opportunity to range consider able distance and to glean and browse even when there seems little in the fields for them to get, and it helps bring a sturdy lamb crop the following spring. A field of corn stalks, a grain stubble field, a meadow, the borders of potato patches, access to brush land, al most any field which contains dry remnants of vegetative growth, even weeds, offers suitable brow sing. With sows the matter of in ducing sufficient exercise is less simple. Pigs are much more sensi tive to cold than sheep. Sows that run with cattle picking up the gleanings usually get good exer cise and have the snow trod down for thun so they do not get their udders wet. Scattering their limited grain ration over a floor so that they will have to spend a couple of hours in picking it up induces a considerable exercise within their quarters and is great help in forcing action. By one means or another induce your ewes and sows to spend considerable time on their feet during the winter. ever try this? One farmer has figured out a new way of delivering feed to a large bunch of feeding hogs. This farmer piles the manure spreader high with corn, drives to a clean, grassy slope in the pasture, and evenly distrib utes his load. A few lusty calls bring the hundreds of healthy shotes from the grove and the field, and in a short time the entire herd is fed. This method feeds prac tically all the pigs at once, elimin ating the crowding and fighting at tendant upon the old method of shoveling from the wagon. DRINK MORE MILK There are a few folks who cannot train themselves to like milk and a few others whose stomachs are not fitted for handling milk. For the great majority of people, however, the simplest w'ay of making a bal anced diet is to drink a quart of milk daily, if every farm person would drink a quart of milk daily the dairy surplus would disappear very suddenly and the health and financial standing of the farm families would be considerably in creased. The slogan of "Drink more milk on the farm” is a sound one. CHICKS ON WIRE FLOORS To lessen the severity of brooding chicks on wire floors a strip of the floor from three to six feet wide across front part of the brooder | room can be left unscreened and covered with straw or other litter. I Giving the chicks access to the I floor litter in this way adds to their I comfort and contentment and ap | Pears to serveas a preventative of the vices. Feed and drinking equip ment is kept on the screened por : tion of the floor. cow has a “crazzy bone” in the end , of the tail like the one every man has detected in his elbow when he has bumped it. This coccygeal nerve in the tail is not well concealed but readily exposed. If one presses the end of his thumb nail directly against the end of the tail he can touch the “buton” and get instan taneous response in the animals; re sults are readily forthcoming. -.. THISTLE ERADICATION Salt fed to cattle on a patch of thistles often results in the death of these w-eeds. due mostly to thi freouent tramoline See* Regard for Dogs Notably on Increase A woman who Is a great lover of animals recently told two Incidents, or retold them, from the press, to Stress her point that the wholly com mendable, but rather limited, attitude of “love me, love my dog" shows hopeful signs of progress. She says that this affection is rapidly being itretched to include the other fel low's dog. “There was that tiny Item in the paper the other day, for example, about the dog that selected the mid dle of a busy street In Bloomsburg, Pa., for his siesta,” she said. “Little noting the vast number of persons who were affected by Ids discrimi nating search for a shady spot, the dog took a peaceful nap, according to the Boston Globe, while 400 respect ful motorists detoured around him. ! “Then there was that other dog who had made himself unpopular with his neighbors over in New Jer aey because of his habit of barking at night. The local police recorder bad been notified, and the aged resi dent who owned him was given the and command to dispose of him. It happened that the owner not only actually depended on the dog for companionship, but for errands at which the creature had proved re markably dependable. “Well, the upshot of it was," said the lady who loves animals, trium phantly, "that GG persons, led by the mayor of the town, heard of the mut ter and testified in the dog's behalf. Some of them, mind you, even gave up their vacations so that they might aid the case. And the dog was offi cially forgiven." Didn't Dare Brag ‘‘Does your husband ever brag what a good cook his mother was?" asked the caller. "No,” smiled the young married woman, "lie knows I know his father died of indigestion.” Aka! Mrs. .Wife—I’m sorry, but dinner la a bit burned tonight, dear. Mr. Husband—Oh, so they had a dr* at the delicatessen? Cosmetics and Beauty Lotions Among Indians Although the forest was her drug i store the brown skinned Indian maid en suffered no lack of cosmetics and beauty lotions. Some of those used among the Thompson Indians of the Pacific Northwest are record ed In the annual report of the bureau of American ethnology of the Smith sonian Institution. “When washing," says the report, “a girl must stick four needles of the yellow pines Into the llesh under her arms until It bleeds. At the same time she prays that her armpits and all her skin will always smell sweet. Frequently a girl will wash her face and head with a decoction of the tops of the yellow pine, believing that this will give her a smooth, fair skin and an abundance of hair. “A young girl would frequently wash her face and head with a de coction of the stems and flowers of the wild flax. She believed this would give her a wealth of lmir and a beautiful face. "Branches of the great sliver fir were used each morning by the young gtrl In stroking her head and back. She prayed at the same time that these parts of her body would never tire of carrying burdens. Her legs and feet were also stroked with the fir branches so that they might not tire when slip was walking long dis tances. During her period of train ing the glr1 was supplied with two large branches of the fir tree and she had to pick the needles off one by one, praying that she would never be lazy. Also four large fir branches were so placed before her hut that going in and out she had to step over them. She would do so saying: 'If l ever step Into trouble or step un knowingly Into the magic spell of some person, may you help me, O fir branches, with your power!’ ’’ If we can’t sell wheat to Europe, let ns educate the Europeans to pumpkin pie. Some brag of their sins unless there Is danger of prosecution. Only the happy are truly great. Crain Went Wrong Way James C. Carver remodeled a large building at Madison, Wls., to manu facture cattle feed. Friends were Invited to witness its first production. Carver pushed a button. Wheels turned. Workmen poured great sacks of grain into hoppers, but nothing came out ns the finished product The building was searched from top to bottom without discovering where the grain was going. Carver went to the roof. There out of a ventilator spouted the mixture, and the lind scattered It afar. A workman had diverted the ground grain Into the wrong pipe. Left the Beditead A young man registered In an On tario (Calif.) rooming house for the night. When the manager went to the room to straighten It the next morning, she found that the guest had departed with two bed sheets, one pnir of double blankets, a single blanket, one spread and one pillow slip. Why are there now no saints? KILL COLD GER Clear* head instantly, yl Stops cold spreading, jj Sprinkle your handkerchief during the dayl —-your pillow at night.™ McKesson I ah oRUOnj PRODUCT STQRESj|| Briefly Told If you can't push, pull; if you can' pull please get out of the way. A lot of misery consists In sltnpl] remembering. The chiropodist believes in tigh shoes—for others. [For STRONG BONES and TEETH ? Now is the time to help your children build strong Nines and healthy teeth. The wealth of Vitamin D—and the mineral salts—in Seott'i Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, will help you do j this. And doctors recommend its Vitamin A content too. j This promotes growth and increases resistance to disease j Scott’s Emulsion is also good for expectant mothers and i run-down adults. It helps ward olt colds. Pleasantly 1 flavored. Easy to take. Scort A Bowne, Bloomfield, N. J. j Sales Representatives, Harold E. Ritchie A Co., Inc., N. Y. Listen to Seott'i ICmulaion'i "Romnneet if th§ Sen** ivory Sunday ani I l uttsia* u11.SO p. m. our ih$ ( uiumtHui Ditiour* A fanner never has time to be Complete practicality Is hearties# bored. Be one. ness. If one will not, the other cannot i Ever see two little boys ”p!aylnj quarrel. I horse” uowadays? 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