---—___—-—. — ■ ..... ■ EARLY TURKEYS BEST We hatch chicks to bring the pul let into fall lay late enough to avoid a fall molt. We hatch poults, if we "have our ruthers,” to market at Thanksgiving or Christmas. If the dealers overstock, the holiday sur plus goes into cold storage, and the cold storage surplus competes against later hatches after the holi days. Then, young stock that ma tures late is either sold at reduced prices or held till another holiday season unless the breeder has a market for late breeders, if we con sider the good of the turkey indus try, should not exist. To sell a late hatched or immature turkey for breeding is a mistake The time ele ment in marketing turkeys makes the quality of early maturity im portant. Early maturity is in part a matter of inheritance, and in part feed and care. One season is more favorable than another when poults are hatched and grown by hens, de pending on the range, the warmth and available feed. For semi-range, a well tended strawberry bed on the edge of a corn field is ideal for poults. They get the live meat of meset life, the shade, the mellow soil together with the curds and cracked grain or growing mash from the poultryman and grow like weeds. Poults like a clean range, they want grain and seeds free from road dust. A chicken hen will scratch in the middle of the road; a turkey hen will carry her brood to the meadow and stubble. Cottage cheese is a standby for feeding poults because young poults are growing frame, feather and flesh and require the protein they get in curds, meat scrap, alfalfa and bran. The carbohydrates in their grain ration give them fuel for energy and fat. Bone meal, grit and char coal provide those most important rlements which help to utilize other Foods to advantage—minerals. The outside coating of grains provides fitamins. A poult snatches a beak Ful of alfalfa, wings a hurried flight for a flying insect, gulps down a grasshopper, swallows seed, drinks buttermilk, makes more turkey. Commercial chick feed and growing mash are used for poults to advant age. DIAGNOSING HOG CHOLERA It is often impossible to make an accurate diagnosis of cholera when the outbreak is first discovered in the herd, because the usual post mortem symptoms are apt to be present in hogs affected with other diseases. The only safe way is to Inoculate healthy animals with ma terials from the suspected animals, and wait several days to see wheth er the disease devrtops. This meth od takes too much time. A new discovery has been made which promises to be of great importance in detecting the disease at an early stage in the herd. Some experiment al work done by the Rockefeller In stitute for Medical Research indi cates that there are certain changes that take place in the cellular con tent of the blood in hogs that are infected with cholera. In the nor mal hog. there are from 14,000 to 24,000 white blood cells per cubic centimeter. In hogs infected with cholera, the number of white blood cells is practically always decreased to 8.000 or less per cubic centimet er. This decrease takes place soon after the animal has taken up the infection, even appearing bs'ore the temperature reaction. While the method of counting these white blood cells is somewhat complicated, most veterinarians can be taught to do this work satisfactorily at xheir office or laboratory, and some will no doubt find it possible to make such tests on the farm or wherever the cholera-infected hogs are found. A large number of bioed counts have been made from hogs infected with other diseases, but no such charac teristic reduction has been found to occur with the white blood cells from any other infection. HOG PASTURE NECESSARY Hog-feeders are finding that it is profitable to use considerable pas ture for both economical and rapid gains on pigs. In addition, hogs are usually more healthy and thrifty when carried on pasture. Most growers are agreed that pasture of some kind is essential, but they sometimes differ in regard to which crop to use. A western experiment station says alfalfa is the best hog pasture, but that it is closely fol lowed by red atjd alsike clover! rape, or oat and rape mixtures Bluegrass is the best permanent hog pasture for most sections of Missouri. Best results in tests have been secured with bluegrass during’ the late spring, early summer and fall. The chief drawback of bluegrass is that it languishes during the summer. Sorghum and Sudan grass were of value as emergency pasture crops for hogs. However, they do not pro duce so well as other Dasture crops. Bye and wheat are of value in the fall and earlv spring. In the trials, soybeans and field peas were not satisfactory for hog pasture. It should not be expected that, hogs can be fattened economically on pasture alone. A complete and well balanced ration for prigs on pasture is essential. Shade, water and oth er essentials should be furnished when hogs are on pasture. Rotation of pastures, along with treatment to get rid of parasites, is essential to healthy pigs. LET COWS* DETERMINE Now is the time to be thinking about roughage for the dairv bevel next winter. Even in times of good milk prices, the dairyman who ties himself to the grain-bag with no thought for the palatability of the roughage of his cows may come out at the end of the vear with figures approaching red ink on his ledger. Grass is a cow's natural food. Man's aim for high milk-production has made it necessary to feed grain in order to get more nutrients into the cow’s stomach with which to* WELCOME NEW NEIGHRORS Loads of farm implements, etc., remind us that It is again moving time. Who could select a date in advance that would more certainly guarantee either bad roads or weather? Moving time is when the farmer learns how much junk and how little other property he has ac cumulated since the last move. The moving itself is a bis undertaking for all concerned, but the task of be coming established in the good graces of new neighbors develops H1* ,“®£k that a family possesses. Neighbors are usually thoughtful and helpful in assisting families mavmg a wav, but some time# woe fully neglectful of those unknown make the milk. There is. of course, a limit to the amount of grain that can be profitably fed to cows. Be yond that limit, either the food is entirely wasted or the extra stimu lation is unprofitable. A cow knows by instinct as socn as she gets her muzzle into the manger where the most inviting wisp of hay is, and she will seek that out first. Crops should be chosen, seeded and har vested on the dairy farm with the cow’s appetite as the first thought. The general principles are about as follows: High protein roughage is more palatable than that with a low protein content. This means that on a dairy farm, legumes should occupy first place on the cropping system. Grass crops cut for hay should be harvested early for higher protein and palatability. Semples of grass hay cut June 20, July 4 and July 20 and analyzed at one experiment station during the PEst summer yielded 6.9 per cent, 5.8 per cent and 4 per cent respec tively. A distinct difference was noted in the ease of grinding these samples when they were prepared fo: analysis, the earlier cut grass grinding much more easily. SUNFLOWERS FOR SHADE The tenant who can’t control the matter of shade from trees and bushes for his poultry may have the satisfaction of growing his own shaoe in sum lowers even on a one year lease. Hie advantage of an nual shade is that it can be grown on ground known to be clean. Corn grown on either side of a grass range makes gc*od shade. Cloth stretched over the top of brooder yards answers for shade, but given their choice, chicks will take natur al snade in preference to the shade cf an awning, and sunflowers make one of the best plantings. Sun flowers can be planted earlier than dorn; are practically immune to cnick damage after they are two teet high; they are easily harvested, and ripening as they do when the molt is in process, are especially helpful for a molting ration. It is surprising how quickly chickens learn that jarring a sunflower stalk when the seeds are ripe releases a shower of seeds. We used to have a White Wyandotte cock that har vested the seeds for his favorites* says a professional poulterer. He would size up a stalk and hurl himself again it. If the seeds rat tled down, he called his wives. If not, he attacked another stalk. Drilled in rows three feet apart, used as a border for the runs or in clumps, sunflowers aside from their shade are a good crop. CHICKEN HOUSE ON WHEELS An advertisement in an English poultry magazine offers a new so lution for getting and keeping the chickens on clean ground. Accord ing to the description and the pic ture, it appears the house is built on wheels and a portable track is piovided. It sounds easy, according to the ad: “The moving of a fair sized house (up to 125 birds) over the ground by means of portable rails is simple and easy. A man and boy can quickly transfer the house to entirely clean ground with no damage to either the house or the giound over which the house is moved." Several poultry keepers have remarked that the old saying about "three moves are equal to a fire,” applies as well to a large biooder house or movable hen house or hog house. But wheels and a track would make it easy on the temper and the buddings. And then, maybe it would be done when it was needed and every time it was needed. But there are disadvan tages, also. Getting the young chicks into such a house instead of under it when a rainstorm came up might be a problem. And keeping the house from wheeling out into the road or down behind the barn when the wind really got busy might be a problem. Also, keeping such a house warm when the tem perature suddenly dropped about 60 degrees as it does In Iowra occasion ally would present some difficulties. LEARNING TOO FAST It’s a good thing all poultrymen do not adhere to Pope's rule: ‘‘Be not the first by whom the new are tried, nor yet the last to lay the old aside.” If all adhered to this, prog ress would be impossible. Pome's rule is even a little too much for some farm poultry keepers, if we can judge from the report of a re cent poultry survey in a central west state. This survey showed that only 30 per cent of Hock owners on farms surveyed fed mash throughout the year; 28 per cent fed mash during fall and winter; the remaining 43 per cent fed no mash at all. THE IDLE HORSE “You say the idle tractor is cost ly.” says a mathematically minded farmer. “How about the idle horse? Cost accounts on several farms show that it costs $194 to keep a horse a year. Of this amount, $99 represents feed and bedding. The average value of these horses was $113 a head. They worked only 850 hours each, which is less than three hours a day. Cost per hour of horse labor, 21 cents. Every hour the horse is idle means a higher cost per hour for 1 labor.” _ IMPROVING THE PASTURE A few years ago, a progressive farmer, as an experiment, applied two tons per acre of ground lime stone and 400 pounds of 16 per cent superphosphate to a hill pas ture. Before this treatment, six acres were required to carry one dairy-cow through the summer. Af ter treatment, the bluegrass and white clover came back, and only a little more than two acres have been required since than to carry a cow for the season. The ferti lizer and lime were put on in fall. LATE HATCHED CHICKS If It is necessary to hatch late chicks, they should be reared on an extremely shady range. renters coming into a new com munity. There should be a recog nized responsibility upon the more or less fortunates who are more permanently located, either by choice or circumstances, to make newcomers welcome. A little assist ance at the right time creates a last ing impression for good. An urgent 1 invitation to attend and partici- I pate in local doings of chinch, I school, lodge or farm organization is a duty resting upon all neighbors at this time of year. THEY MUST HAVE 'EM Keep broken oyster shells always within reach of your fowls If you want t&em to lav freely. Will Tradition Ring True? Miss Louise Schmidt, of Me- < Keesport, P*., enjoys tb* dis tinction of being champion hoop-roller among her class mates at Wellenley College, Wellesley, Maae.. having won the anneal May Day contest Following the race, Misa Schmidt was presented with ajbouauet by Mika Mary Muller, president of the senior class. Tradition is that winner will be first senior to be married. Itatarnatlanal Hawaraa Census Taker His Only Visitor for Ten Years Hailed Queen of Beauty In University of Ala. fi^k: •«- • ^ • -sM Eighty-three-year-Old Edward F Staples, Civil War veteran of th« Twenty-fourth htichigan Regiment doesn’t seem downcast over th« fact that he has had no callen sine* 1920. He lives in a lonely farmhouse on a back road neai Taunton, Maas. Census enumer ators recently were astonished to learn that they were his first visi ‘ors since 1920. V Miss Theda Matson, eecendyeai student at the University of Ala bama, has been elected “most bean tifal co-ed” by her admiring class mates. Miss Matson is one of the most popular Rid* enrolled at the university. She is from Birming ham, Alabama. how many the day brings a poignant re minder of such precious sacrifices I But its second message comes to us all. whether we have suffered thia personal loss or not. It reminds us of the supreme value of those ideals for which those whose memory we cherish dared to die. Israel in Babylon was surrounded by wealth and luxury such as they hftd never dreamed of. The captives were treated with consideration and developed that commercial ability ior which they have become fa I mous. Like the mediaeval Jews of Europe they acquired wealth and became almost the musters of their masters. The temptation was strung to forget Jerusalem, to forget the national hope and destiny, to turn away frm the worship of Jehovah, and to be content with mater a! gains and luxuries. When the sum mons came to return and rebuild Jerusalem, only the choicest spirits volunteered. The rest decided the project as impractical and shrunk from Its hardships. At this crisis Psalm 137 was written. It breathes the deepest devotion to the national Ideals, ft inspired Timothy Dwight s familiar hymn, "I Love Thy King dom, Lord." The writer cries out against those who prove faithless to the highest. Let them forget, but as for me. “If I forget thee, O Jeru salem, let my right hand forget her cunning . . . If I prize not thee above my chief Joy." We are In the midst of the reac tion from the idealism and devotion which the perils of wax inspired. Memorial day reminds us anew how great, how precious, hpw abiding in shelr authority are those national and world Ideals for which we fought. Ood forbid that we should forget them in the chase for ma terial gains and pleasures. II I for get thee, O America, and the ideals for which so much has been sacri ficed and which yet remain to be fully realized! MEMORIAL. DAY William Allen White In Judge. Out In Kansas City the other day a veteran of the Civil war of the ’60s, the war which Colonel Roose velt always called The Great War. Issued a call for a meeting of the veterans of the army of Appomat tox. The call was well advertised. The region within two hundred miles of Kansas City was once the home of nearly a million veterans of the Civil war. But only one man responded. The disappointed veter an had hoped for ten! It seems but yesterday when we all were writing editorials calling attention to the danger of the ever mounting pension roll. Today It is disappearing. The "Old Boys” are taking, their widows with them and their children have grown up. By this sign of their passing, more clearly than by any other token v« may know that an era in our na tional life Is closed. The only reality of the day wt!) be a little group of time-battered old men climbing Into the motor bus at G. A. R. hall-to go to the cemetery, and there to wander about footlessly reading the names on old tombstones. And so comes change 'lest one good custom should corrupt the world I” talned by the use of one eye alone. The first binocular telescope which was Invented in 1606 consisted of two telescopes placed side by side. ■■ ■* 1 — V * • Q. What'crop loss do weeds cause? H. <3. F. A. The Indiana experiment sta tion some time ago made a survey of the losses occasioned by the growth of weeds on lands prepared for useful crops and foiled the less or reduction In yieki In the case of corn to be 10 per cent; tame hay, 3to 16 per cent; potatoes, 6 to 10 per cent; spring grain, 13 to 1ft per cent, and wintao grain, 5 to 9 per cent.