FOCH ALONE WAS CONFIDENT Had Optimism Essential to Great Leader, Said Ciemenceau From L'Europe Nouvelle, Par»» (Translated for the Star.) Georges Ciemenceau, with whom Marshal Foch had numerous spats and decidedly heated arguments, said of him on the day after his death: “I will forgive Foch everything be cause he possessed one virtue essen tial to a leader, the only one which cannot be dispensed with—confi dence. Foch was the only general— the only one—who, throughout tire 50 months of the war, never had a single instant of discouragement. Understand me, absolutely the only general." And the old "Tiger” leaned for ward. accentuating each word. "Foch,” said he, “was optimism It self.” An iron will was certainly the great soldier’s chief char-.cteristic— a will at once theoretical and prac tical. From his early years in the army he made Joseph de Maistre’s precept his own: “A battle lost is a battle 'which one believes he has lost;” he was a man who, in a cam paign, never admitted the loss of an engagement. Recall his erdsr of the day at the battle of the Saint Gond marshes: "My right has crumbled, my left has crumbled, my center has crumbled, I am attacking.” When in command of the war col lege, on practice rides, spur to spur with his pupils, he used to say: "There are obstacles which cannot be cleared at the first attempt, but there are no obstacles which cannot be cleared.” --»♦ Too Many Laws. From Omaha World-Herald. The material for another com pendious book of laws has now been provided by the recently adjourned •±5th session of the Nebraska legis lature. To be exact, we have 164 more new laws. They will make a good sized book, but a book which will never become a best seller, and one which few people in the state will read, even it it is the lav/. Per haps there will not be a dozen people in the state, a few weeks from now, who would be able to say just what these new law's are. When the last compilation o' the stats statutes was made in 1922 it resulted in a book about six inches thick, one which it wo”ld take an ordinary person about a year, in spare tune, to read from cover to cover. Since then there have been ofur sessions of the legislature and each of these has resulted in an ordinary sized additional book of laws, a book somewhat longer than an ordinary popular novel. Perhaps all this legislation is necessary, but we don't think so. Many people will differ with us, however; "just haw many mayc bo indicated by recalling that for every law that was passed at the session just closed more than six bills were introduced. There were more than a thousand bills, and only 1C4 laws, The same proportion, perhaps, ap plies to the four sessions that have been held since the statutes were compiled. Well over four thousand new laws were proposed in that time; perhaps only a little over six hundred actually passed. Moses led the Jewish tribes into the Promised Land and set them up in business with only 10 statutes which see mto have covered every thing so well that they are still presumably in effect, and even dur ing the last Nebraska legislative session were several times piloted as authority on the floor of the house or senate. Certainly, in any event, it Is true that the Jewish people under Moses could know all about what the law is. But a Nebraska citizen might spend his time from now until his death and he wuuld still be ignorant of most of the statutes that govern his actions. »« Need World Court Now From New York World No better short argument for our participation in the world court has yet been made than Charles E. Hughes' speech recently to the American Society of International Law. Taking the Kellogg pact as his starting point, he shows how its second clause—the pledge to settle all disputes exclusively by “pacific means”— makes our par ticipation in the court indispens able. How shall we settle our dis putes? There will be times when diplomacy will fail and conciliation oe rejected. Arbitration will re main, but arbitration has various defects and limitations. None should know this better than che American Senate, which till re cently maimed every arbitration treaty wnicli went before it. Where a settlement between two nations is best reached by compro mise, arbitrators can often find that compromise; where it is best sought by a precise determination of facts and indicial principles, an international court is perferable. The court exists, settling quarrel after quarrel with brilliant success, supported by 50 nations, buildhig up a structure of international law as our supreme court has built up a structure of interstate law. In the light of the Kellogg pledge, how can we justify our failure to join it? In closing Mr. Hughes throws out a suggestion of the utmost impor tance. The nations in the league have a machinery for continuous conference and consulttaion, which can act if any aggressive member threatens war. The United States outside the league, has no way of sharing in this consultation. Mr. Hughes suggests a special treaty arrangement, following the prece dent of the four-power treaty of 1922, for giving us a share in con sultative action. It is a courageous proposal, but one which seems thor oughly practical. Thinks He's Got Enough. From World's Work. Once in a great while a man knows when he has made all the money he cares to make. Louis A. Hazeltine, who taught engineering at Stevens Institute, invented the radion neutrodyne. He is said ta have made $1,000,000 out of it. Now he has gone to California, where he plans to spend the rest of his existence doine research work in higher mathematics. Q. Hew far is it from Jerusalem to Nazareth? D O. C. A. It is 141 kilometers or about 82 Out Our Way By Williams ( I go i*o \ / \ ( \/iv-\aTs iH' Funny \ I SO FEW ]/MA^FoR OE) /-THEKA GOWS MAV (i Fuss *tam J "F'Red. ivaeyllI who will ' ANY MORE A \N DE L\FE RAFFLE OFF ANY WEAVR iT. HtUU So 1 OEOOEOj \A\ WEEN "ft^NG. A TUXEDO*’ WEAR rf ON SUNDAYS •TO RAFFLE /aomEOimK'. GOOD GOSH-who FER AWHVLE, ANi’ VT OFF. / * AROUND WERE \ LATER ON ~TO WORK'. WELL.YOO ±|* OAENCE ( C°UE° \ »F HE t lAS To BE WON %T,YAKr ™ .peU Any USE FER MElTeD . .m POURED YOUVE GOT AWD’E L \ A -SurT O 'THEM I mTo \T — THATBlRDy1 v£omSSV\tam't GAT J . ^7$;-WEftR Y. \noOOini<-/ /JS^hooo^ / ^ ~7'’l ~ 4 I TH^- ,B£C\NiK4»NCr OF FOLnJELSS*. [ 1939. By Kf A scnvici. me.« J Agricultural Credit Corporations of South Dakota Make Formal Comvlaint of Present Credit Policies M Editor Sioux City Tribune: I am enclosing a copy of a resolution which was adopted at a meet ing of the Associated Livestock Loan Companies of South Dakota. Interest rates have advanced until in many instances the borrowers are actually paying 10 per cent and restrictions of all kinds have been added. Many of the members of this organization were men who had experience with the War Fi nance corporation and the new rules and regula tions which have recently been imposed call to mind the tactics of that organization when it de cided to wind up its business. The credit expansion of the past few years has undoubtedly been one of the most important factors in the disparity of the farm dollar; for with inflation in the industrial section prices on every commodity originating there had to rise. Now when this inflation has reached a point where it threatens to collapse if agriculture is to be pena lized through high interest rates and restricted credit it can only sink still lower in the economic scale. In my opinion it will not matter what kind of farm relief we get there will continue to be a disparity if every financial agency of the govern ment is used to continue inflation in the industrial section and deflation and liquidation in the agri cultural section. A. O. Steensland. Lake Andes, S. D., May 3. UNFAIR CREDIT CONDITIONS. WHEREAS, there assembled at Huron, S. D., on April 8, 1929, in response to a regularly called meeting, representatives of the various agricul tural credit corporations in South Dakota doing business with the Federal Intermediate Credit bank of Omaha, and known as the Associated Livestock Loan Companies of South Dakota, and WHEREAS, there was a general discussion of the problems incident to the relationship between the Intermediate Credit bank and the various ag ricultural corporations and more particularly a review of the general financial situation in the United States; now therefore BE IT RESOLVED, by the Associated Live , stock Loan Companies of South Dakota, that this organization censure the action of any of its mem bership for failure to conduct its business with the Intermediate Credit bank in strict compliance with approved business methods, and that the officers of the Intermediate Credit bank adopt a policy of severing connections with such corporation, rather than to penalize all discounting corporations through the enforcement of ultra-conservative rules and regulations, tending to seriously hamper the smooth working of the system, and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that we peti tion the congress of the United States to amend the Act to permit the intermediate credit banks to accept "feeder” paper with maturity of less than six months and suggest a minimum maturity of 90 days, and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that we most emphatically call to the attention of the Federal Farm Loan board the credit situation which has developed as a result of an inflation, since 1922, amounting to more than $20,090,000,000, which has manifested itself chiefly in a stock market specu lation and the inflation of values in real estate in large industrial centers. That duirng this period of expanding credits, amounting to more than $20,000,000,000, the agricultural section of the United States has been in a state of continued liquidation, with the result that farm land values have fallen to the lowest level since the passing of the homestead period. That there is now evi dence that the inflation has reached a point where the credit situation has become an international problem and that the federal reserve board will be obliged to take drastic action to prevent a collapse of the entire credit structure. That in the course of such action an even further increase in interest rates may be anticipated. That your petitioners pray that in the inetrest cf farm relief and as a very practical demonstration of the sincerity of the government to render such relief, the federal loan board exercise every facility at its command to prevent an excessive increase in interest rates and credit restrictions to the farmer borrowers. That it is entirely unjust and unfair that the agri cultural Interests now be penalized for an Infla tion which has been confined entirely to the in dustrial section of the United States and in which agriculture has not participated to any appre ciable extent. That it is herein suggested that the Federal Fe.rm Loan board cause to be paid into the vari ous intermediate credit banks the authorized cap ital, which has never been subscribed, and that other government funds which may be legally In vested in Intermediate credit bank debentures be diverted to that use as a means of avoiding the i necessity of the intermediate credit banks offering their debentures on the open market; thus assur ing an ample supply of credit, at a reasonable Interest charge, to an industry which is just re covering from a long and drastic deflation, and, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that copies of this resolution be mailed to the Federal Farm Loan board, the Federal Intermediate Credit bank of Omaha, the South Daokta representatives In the United States congress, agricultural credit cor porations operating within the Omaha district, and to all of the farm organizations in this terr' tory. Associated Livestock Loan Companies of South Dakota. A. O. Steensland, Secy. free Press and The Power Trust Editorial Opinon of the Boston Post. The sale of the Boston Herald nd the Boston Traveler to the In ternational PapeT company, a sub ddiary of the International Paper and Power company, wliich controls .he New England Power company, ts a blow to the principle of a free and untrammeled press. It also is a gravely improper ac tion on the part of a great corpora .ion which is the dominant interest n tHe electric power industry of New England. At a time when we are engaged in nationwide controversy over the wisdom of allowing the great power resources of the nation to pass into the hands of huge combinations of capital, and when the power com panies are charged with spending millions of dollars for propaganda in certain newspapers, colleges and public schools, the power trust of Era of Depression. From New York Telegram. President Hoover says this is the most lawless country in the world and that disrespect for law is the dominant issue before the American people. Why? He proposes to have a special investigation commission find out. Meanwhile he is sure that pro hibition is not a major factor in this disrespect f®r law. We disa gree. But let that pass. Apart from the disrespect in which large numbers of law-abid ing citizens hold the prohibition iaw, and the disrespect engendered by the lawlessness of enforcement New England takes control of two I of our leading newspapers. W esubmit that this constitutes a grave menace to the people of Mas sachusetts. We are rapidly approaching a sit uation here when the public shall decide just hew much latitude shall be allowed to the pow’er companies of the state and how best to protect the people from the extortions of any power monopoly. Newsoapers should be free to pre sent their readers the whole truth about the power situation without I fear or favor. Yet the International : Paper and Power company seized the opportunity to purchase con trol of two large organs of public opinion. Is it at all likely that these news papers, owned by the power trust, can serve the public interest single mindedly? The power trust is seeking favors from the people of Massachusetts. It is vitally interested in every bit of legislation concerning the electric power and light and gas industries. Yet it is not content with receiv officers, there are other causes why many intelligent citizens are com ing to look upon certain laws and the manner of their enforcement as agencies of tyranny, bigotry and oppression, menacing American lib erty ad justice. Hoover and his proposed com mission will not have to look far to find these causes. Any newspaper any day will reveal them. We respectfully commend to the commission the following headlines of one day: “Civic and Church Bodies Fight Poliea I aw—Oharaa Coal Denuties ing a square deal from an independ ent press. It spends several million dollars to acquire control cf two of the avenues by which news reaches the public. The boldness of this transaction is exceeded only by its capacity for harm, both to the iftizens and the honor of the newspaper business. --- ■ -- Q. Could Hawaii become one of the United G„ates? G. S. A. There is no constitutional law which wculd prohibit the Island of Hawaii s being given the status of a state. It is already annexed and is a territory of the United States, having the usual territorial degree of self government, with representa tion by a delegate in the United States congress. Q. What is the last series of one dollar bills that will be made in the large size? N. A. R. A. Bills of the series of 1923 are the last of the large bills to be is sued before the new series of small bills, which will be the scries of 1923. Murdered Worker—Legislature In creased Power of Private Army.’ ” “Mrs. Dennett Convicted for Mailing Sex Tract—Pamphlet Writ ten for Her Two Growing Sons— Judge Refuses to Let Social Work ers and Physicians Tell of Using Brochure—Maximum Penalty May Be Five Years in Prison and Five Thousand Dollar Fine.” “Negroes Demand Legal Rights— Want enforcement of Constitutional Amendment. “Deputies Again Rush Strikers with Fixed Bayonets—Forty Work ers Seriously eBaten in Carolina Textile Ktrif* ” Federal Reserve Board Gives Way Under Threatening by Wall Street From Christian Science Monitor. The daily press continues to give the impression that the s*ock market and the federal reserve board are still engaged in warfare over whether or not the period of intense speculation is to be curoed. Contributing to the impression is an occasional statement of the board, frequent high interest rates for call loans, and a rather un certain tone In the market. In the opinion of some commenta tors, the board is holding a tight rein and is responsible for the general market condition. On the other hand, certain writers maintain that the board has done nothing which justifies crediting it with any appreciable amount of the liquidation which has taken place. Doubtless, as In most controversies of this character, a po.Sit.on midway between these two views is more nearly tl'e correct one. It is nowr approximately 10 weeks since the board issued Its famous warning In which it so strongly expressed Us disfavor of the volume of bank credit which was being absorbed by security specula tion. The warning was a direct threat that the board was going to proceed along lines designed to curtail such credit a'norptior. and the market broie badly from the news. The decline however, was short lived, and In 10 days the market was again on an upward movement which by irregular spurts carried prices back to their old i levels- In the meantime, April 4, the beard issued another state ment on the credit situation in which it said if "the de ired readjust? ment Is not brought about by voluntary co-operation the federal re serve system may adopt other methods of influencing the situation." Tills mere statement, however, was looked upon as favorable taws, for mere threats, if they are not backed up by action, have c? .sod to carry any great weight with stack market speculators. Foi the wishes of the board to have much influence more tangible evidence of their strength must be given, something which at the pic cut time means nothing more nor less than an advance of the rediscount rate. Doubtless the board has long been considering an advance ol the rediscount rate. It has spent innumerable aiternoons in secret session, presumably discussing this problem, but so far but little has resulted from them. Unquestionably these meetings have tended to curtail the volume of speculation, although they have not ndded to the prestige of the board or to the sympathy with whirl Its dearea are received in Wall street. The limited open market operation:; ol the reserve banks have also tended to reduce the amount of trading, but neither these operations nor the secret meetings ar# of a nature to correct the present condition. The maiket leeis that a tightening of credit through open maiket operations is of very limited 3ignui cance, since it has the assurance of Charles E. Mitchell, president ,'l the National City bank, specifically, and of others tacitly, that if call rates go too high the banks will come to the rescue. Sil long as these banks can replenish their supply of funds by m!isc(*untlng at t/’* reserve bank at 5 per cent this potential support is of such a real nature that the only thing which need be apprehended is a sufficient advance of the rediscount rate to remove this support. Superficially, this apprehension does not appear tt be very strong Closer analysis, however, indicates that it is fairly common and af fords a logical explanation of the trend of speculation as reflected in brokers' loans. For two weeks after the statement of the beard on February 7 there was a substantial reduction in the volume oX these loans. Then, in the absence of any real move on the part o* the board to carry out its threat, the volume began an Increase which in four weeks carried it to the highest level on record and $UM,00C,iXK) above what it was at the time of the warning. Such a volume was, of course, a direct rnrt lorcelul invitation ao the board to take some action, and the market became trightened— much as a little boy who has spilled jam in the cupboard. Cor. tf quently a house cleaning was begun which continued for three week* and which made it possible for brokers* loans to present a bettor appearance. Thus, with the jam cleaned up before anyone paid very much attention to its having been spilled, the market agam felt re lieved and consequently was able to interpret the more recent s ate ment of the board in a favorable manner. How long the present undesir*ble and uncertain situation may continue it is impossible to say. If the belief becomes common m the “street” that a rate advance is highly probable, there will quite surely be substantial liquidation- At the present time, however, the atmosphere is fairly clear and tne market is in Just about the sans position it was when the board first took public cognizance of the volume of credit being iu.ed for speculation. Gaia for Midwest. From Kansas City Star. Tba general order of the inter** state commerce commission es tablishing joint barge and rail rates should settle permanently a trans portation issue that long has been troublesome. Relatinig as it does virtually to the entire area that might be served directly or indirect ly by the government barge lints, the order leaves the question of combination rates no longer to be worked out in voluntary or hap hazard fashion, but to be deter mined in all cases in accordance with definite schedules. The river lines will not have to jockey with the railroads to obtain co-opera tion; the roads are placed under legal obligations to act Jointly in the handling of freight. The commission's order is clear recognition of the public service nature of the waterways. Its im plication is that the river trans portation has been established primarily in response to a public need; that the need can be met properly only where the Joint rates are made effective, and that the railroads as public carriers are under legal obligation to enter into and maintain the rate agreements. An original disposition of the roads to question the soundness of that principle and to contest the Denison act. on which the commis sion based its decision, had been softened into an indicated readi ness to co-operate with the barge units voluntarily. Whatever might have come of negotiations along that line, it is a decided gain for the whole inland area that thp case has been disposed of by a single sweep ing order. --»♦ - Australia Is Hobbled. Annie Osborne in the Century Mag azine. We in Australia are saddled with state owned railroads, built with borrowed money; and thus the new era has found us loaded down with a burden we cannot get rid of, how ever much we desire to do so. When governments operate any essential industry annual deficits can be easily passed on to the tax payers with an airy promise of do ing better next year; for this rea son our railroads have been a lia bility instead ot an asset. With the staggering fact before them that th elraction of the future is going to be railless and gas pro pelled, our politicians are still imi tating King Canute; but such con duct must sooner or later come to an end and they will have to bow to the Inevitable. Such huge sums Agreed at Last. Kikeriki, Vienna. Wife: It is strange that men al ways want sons. My father was al ways sorry that I was not a boy. Husband: So am I. -« ♦ Q. Please name some of the old est people in the world. A. D. A. Such records are not kept, and reports of existence of longevity are not always reliable. The following ere some of the oldest people living in the world today: Hah-Wee-N' n Nah?Shuk, an American Inman— 118 years old; Mme. Cosyris, of Greece; Zaro Aga, a Turk—146 years old; Mr. Charles Quick of Canada, IPS vaaxs aid. have been sunk In our great mileage of railrcads, and such enormous in terest bills and sinking funds have to be reckoned with, that w.„n every snoce'ding deficit a wad gees up that the service grows worse and the prices higher—that is, on ail out the interstate and suburban lines. In the cities the vicious policy ol taxing competition off the roads has been pursued hitherto; but the temper of the people well not en dure .auch more of that. Infinitely worse for the progress of the coun try is the policy pursued in extra urban territory. Side by side with the almost panicky dismay of the financial heads of government ovet the new order of things, comes their determination not to help Id the creatron of good roads, because it might convert the myriads of lo cal railroads into scrap iron. Yet in so vast a country where primary production is our very life, quick and efficient and cheap transit it the main essential. The first man who solves the problem of how to convert our al ready antiquated rural railroads in to arterial roads for motor traction to the seaboard and the cities will be transformed from a po!P.?ian in to a statesman; but we shall proba bly have to await a new generation before the leaders will be able to grasp or will dare to enunciate such a Napoleonic idea. When it is on accomplished fact, however, many of Aix/tralia’s other problems will solve themselves. -« « Q. How many stomachs has a sheep? B. P. A. A sheep has four stomachs, each of which has a different func tion. '^TTr’T 'T'r'r'rr’r ▼ t t -r t t t t 4 4 -< IF AT FIRST TOU 4 4 DON’T SUCCEED 4 4 Milwaukee.—To be, or not to 4 4 be, the wife of August T.mper, 4 4 has been a dominant qucst.on 4 4 with Mrs. Elizabeth Tirr.per for 4 4 a long time. 4 4 Six times she filed suit to 4 4 have the marriage dissolved 4 4 and six times the documents 4 4 were withdrawn. Now the sev- 4 4 enth set of papers has been 4 4 placed on record and Mrs. Tim- 4 4 per again asks to be freed from 4 4 the marriage contract m2de in 4 4 1901. She charges cruel and 4 4 inhuman treatment. 4 4 ♦ 44444444444444f444t ..♦ ■+ Hard on the Horse. From Answers. Stout: I’ve got to reduce! The doctor recommends horseback rid ing. Thin: Is it satisfactory? Stout: Not exactly. I'm not losing weight, but I'm falling off. — Q. Howt long has the pope lived in the Vatican? Who built it? F. J, A The Vatican has been the prin cipal residence of the pope since 1377. The original building was erected ov Pope Synunachus, 198 to 514 and the buildings have been added by practically every pope &inoa