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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 21, 1929)
BOOSTING 4-H CLUBS “Good pigs are scarce in Burma,” Aid the Rev. B. C. Case, agricul tural missionary, emphatically when he visited the national 4-H commit tee recently in an effort to solicit aid to establish 4-H clubs In India. Mr. Case, who, by the way, organ ised the first school of agriculture In far away Burma, feels confident that the adoption of 4-H standards and methods will tend towards rais ing the standards of living among the thousands oT backward farmers in east British India. Already the rural folk, steeped in ignorance for •o long, are reaching out avidly for our western methods of scientific farming. The farmer-minister related hu morous and sad tales of the eager ness to learn that is manifested by the Burmese. When he holds an agricultural meeting on some barren hillside, as many as 3.000 have flocked to hear the 10 command ments for rice growers, to watch plowing and planting demonstra tions, and to study carefully charts relating to the care and feeding of pigs. Imported livestock and poul try, sold as cheaply as passible, are fairly clamored for by those who de sire the basis for future herds or broods. For there isn’t as much as one purebred pig in all of Burma! Indeed the desolate Burmese farmer would hold an honest-to-goodness American pig to be more valu able than the gold that is so scarce in that country. But the youth of Burma Ls eager to learn. Boys who wish to absorb all of the knowledge on gardening, animal husbandry, and agriculture that Reverand Case can gtve oat, crowd his little school, and, dur ing the 3-year course that he offers, work zealously on projects similar, and yet vastly different from those of American 4-H boys and girls. For the Burmese boy, (and there are over 40,000 on farms) realizes that the inadequacy of his father’s agricultural methods have retarded the mental and physical growth of his people. And that realization alone is a great step towards the Introduction of other civilizing fac tors—sanitation, personal hygiene and education. Reverend Case dreams that with in his lifetime an International 4-H club will materialize, whereby boys and girls of every land may join together to strive towards (he noble 4-H motto—“to make the best bet ter.” _ SHOULD READ MORE One of the foremost agricultural editors of the South a few years back used a slogan that was full of truth when he frequently said. "The farmer who reads is the farmer who leads." We doubt if there is any other class in the world who has the chance to get more real in structive and worthwhile reading along his various lines of endeav or and for practically nothing than the American farmer. Nearly 1.600 bulletins have been issued by the United States department of ag riculture and thousands of bulle tins have likewise been issued by the various state agricultural col leges and departments of agricul ture. It can be safely said that any American farmer can just for the asking get free the equivalent of a $200 library, and can pick his sub ject at will. If you are Interested In studying and reading about your lifework and do not already know where to get the proper material to read, get in touch with your county agent, write to your state agricultural college, or to the United Kates department of agriculture, and they will gladly send you a list of free publications from which you may select those you desire. Those who succeed in life are those who know most of the work they are do ing, and we fully agree wTith the statement that, "The farmer who reads is the farmer who leads.” , . --»+ THE FARM GARDEN Some one has well said that a good farm garden is worth 10 acres of corn. I would make the state ment broad enough to apply in the wheat region or cotton section, too, says a farmer who believes in some of the old fashioned methods. On most farms there is no other source of fresh vegetables except the home garden—a few exceptions on farms near large cities. Certainly there is no comparable source as re gards economy and high quality. The matter of quality is especially noticeable in such foods as sweet oom and peas—foods in which the sugar is rapidly changing to starch, and which lose their tastiness with in a few hours after gathering. Likewise, quality is important in leaf vegetables such as spinach, lettuce and chard, which wilt quickly after they have been harvested. The value of a garden used to be based largely on the saving it per mitted in the budget for food, and the variety it permitted in the diet. That was perfectly in order. But now we have come to think of gar dens more in terms of health and enjoyment. Vegetables have come to the front in the matter of diet be cause they supply roughage as well as vitamins and essential minerals. In order to build up resistance to disease and provide iron, calcium and phosphorus and vitamins for the body, at least two vegetables other than potatoes or dried beans ahould be eaten every day. Maybe gardens of yesteryear sup plied all these things—but did they? Not to the same extent as the gardens of today, because we have learned so much in late years about food value, diet and the importance of vegetables in the diet. It is sig nificant that in the last decade the consumption of celery, lettuce and apinach has trebled. Iron for red blood is better supplied by garden greens than by patent medicines It U not every garden, of course.* that supplies health and happinesa In the fullest measure—only the well balanced gardens. Such gardens produce the edible-seed cropa— feeding sweet clovee Sweet clover hay has been put on the black list. It Is claimed that sweet clover hay contains s sub stance that makes the blood of cat tle too thin to clot. At first, only moldy sweet clover hay was blamed then second year sweet clover hay came In for criticism An experi ment station tried feeding moldy street clover hay to cattle la't year. | and the animals developed swellings under the skin. When opened, the swellings were found to consist of unclotted blood Hemorrhages were I found In the chest and abdominal cavities. Trouble can be avoided by Changing hay—teed sweet clover for beans, peas and sweet corn; the root crops, such as beets, carrots, par snips, etc.; the greens and salad crops, such as lettuce, celery, cab bage, chard, etc.; the vegeable fruits, such as tomatoes, squashes, egg plants, etc.; and, in addition, smsll fruits such as strawberries, raspber ries. currants, gooseberries, etc, Varieties are influenced by locality and condition of the soil; what is best in one part of the country’ is not always best in another. It is a good plan to use, for the most part, varieties which have been tried and found satisfactory. But don’t close your mind on new varieties—try a new one of at least one crop ever* year. Garden failures, when failures oc cur, are due to nothing more or less than not taking into consideration certain fundamentals that lie be neath the possibility of success with a vegetable garden, no matter where it is planted. Briefly, these funda mentals are; Soil well worked and well fertilized; good, clean seeds planted at the right time and in the manner best suited to the region; moisture supply controlled by drain age or mulch, or both where needed; fences put up to keep out poultry or other livestock; garden carefully cultivated or mulched to check weeds; plants thinned where neces sary; insect pests controlled. If these are attended to, one can leave the rest to good Mother Nature— except the eating. In addition to food crops, every well balanced garden contains flow ers, annuals or perennials, or both. The very little extra attention they require is more than paid for by the pleasure they bring. PROFITABLE FEEDING For some years past a successful flockmaster has been grinding and mixuig together fougliage and grain feeds for his sheep. Tne results of this feeding practise have been highly satisfactory. Last year he kept 215 breeding ewes. Until 15 or 20 day3 before lambing time, he made up their ration of ground fod der and soybean hay. He says the ewes came through the winter in spkndid condition. A few weeks be fore lambing, he started increasing the grain in their roughage grain mixture and as a result these ewes produced one of the largest hardiest crops of lambs ever dropped on his farm. He found that the above prep aration of feed was also very satis factory for lamb feeding. The young lambs soon learned to eat the feed mixture fed the older sheep, and grew much faster than the lambs he had previously grown, because they received the grain roughage mixture in addition to the nourish ment they got from nursing thsir dams. Sheep growers in other sections may be able to benefit by his ex perience. Planning and growing saisfactory feed crops and then pre paring these crops so that the greatest feeding value will be ob tained from them spell success for some sheepmen, while lack of at tention to these matters causes oth ers to make meager, if any, profits from this business on their farms. REARING THE CALVES In experimental work, attempts to feed calves without whole or skim niilk before they have learned to eat legume hay have proved disas trous, the reason being a lack of suitable proteins, vitamins, and mineral matter. Saying this another way, If milk is dropped entirely from the ration of calves fed milk substi tutes before they are able to con sume considerable roughage, the re sults are unsatisfactory. Calves will begin to eat roughage when from 30 to 40 days old. This means the feeding of whole milk until calves are about 20 days old and then if liquid skimmilk powder until the calves are about 60 da vs old. and it would be better if this teed were continued until calves are 00 days old. Experimental evidence indicates that the minimum whole milk and skimmilk requirements for Hol stein calves during the first two months are 170 pounds whole milk and 640 to 700 pounds of skimmilk. Somewhat smaller quantities will suffice for Jerseys. GREEN FEED FOR HENS Have you ever noticed how eager chickens are for green grass early in the spring and how they eat their way out into the oat seeding if it happens to join the chicken yard? You have noticed also that produc tion jumps up as soon as the hens strike the fresh, green, succulent grass. This indicates to us that fresh green grass is an excellent stimula ing teed and also that hfns do not get enough of the qualities it sup plies during the winter months. Supplying green feed during the winter months is a problem not every one has solved successfully. Some get good results from mangels or rutabagas, others from cabbage, while others feed sprouted oats. The green colored leaves of alfalfa hay and red clover come as near supply ing the qualities of fresh green grass as any feed we know of. Gather up these leaves from the barn floor for the hens. GUARD AGAINST PNEUMONIA During the early winter pigs are sometimes housed under conditions that favor losses from pneumonia. Sleeping in strav piles on cold nights there is a tendency for pigs to pile up by which means some of them become too warm On be ing exposed to the cold wind of the early morning such pigs are sub jected to an Ideal condition for contracting pneumonia. Further more. the irritation caused from particles of dust given off in straw piles and inhaled bv the pigs is a contributing cause of this disease. Pigs should b? housed in cold weather under conditions that will keep them warm without piling up too much tnd where the ventila tion Is adequate to maintain a rea sonably even temperature. 10 days or so. then change to some other roughage for a couple of weeks, then back to sweet clover. This trouble Is not caused by sweet clover pasture-only the hay. GAS STORAGE TANK One farmer sank a storagetank for gasoiine near the gara«e and connected a pipe line to It termin ating in a faucet above the ground Another line also went to the tank I*, was small copper tubing and the exposed end terminated In a valve aoldered on from an inner tube After the tank had been filled, air pumped through this line forced the gas to the faucet shut-off Yet there • uno dat^|r of fire A Confection in Flesh Silk (Pend by Mom Rico) Here is just such a gown as every women dreams about and seldom finds It u of flesh-colored silk maline, with a bodice of gold lace and a V-shaped back and fror.t. The bouffant skirt is ornamented at the waist line with a pink silk bow and pink ar,d Bold flowers. Of course, the wrap matches the frock. Our “Royal” Guards William Hard in the World’s Work The secret service men are not di rect presidential employees but “de tails” from the treasury department. Moreover, unlike the White House policemen, they do not protect prop erty. They protect only persons. The persons whom they protect ire the president, the members of his immediate family and the presi dent-elect. Thus speaks the special statute devoted to this theme. It will be noted that the family af the president-elect is technically beyond the purview of the statute’s intentions. The wife of the presi dent-elect has by implication the right to go shopping without being followed by secret service operatives. That right tends to be terminated abruptly as soon as her husband swears to support the constitution. Thereafter she and all other mem bers c! his family who are thought to be so close to him as to come under the weight of the adjective •immediate” are in general con demned to perpetual continuous surveillanec. The number of operatives assigned bv the treasury department to con duct and to enforce this surveillance is, today, nine. They have two mo tor cars and two chauffeurs. Thus, equipped, they can and do keep the presidential motor car at all times, in all its public processionals, and in all its private excursions, thor Dughly subjugated to their scrutiny and control. They also, on foot, in a squad of two or three, are seen accompanying the presidential presence in its twi light perambulations around the grassy public circle that lies directly to the south of the White House and that sometir.-.es summons Cal vin Coolidge to ruminative exercise. These plain clothes soldiers of the commander in chief of the army and navy have earned a large measure of romantic regard from the news paper correspondents an from the public. They are the safeguarding of the country from such tragedies as overwhelmed it in the deaths of Lincoln, Garfield and McKinley. They do their duty with a fidelity and with a determination in the course of which they properly as sert, whenever necessary, an instant precedence over a.i other officers and ministers of the government. In theory the president could en tirely dispense with their services and entirely divest himself of their watchfulness. The protection that through them the treasury depart ment bestows upon the president is not by statute commanded: it is only authorized. The president is not obliged to avail himself of that authorization. Blind Burin? Albert W. Atwood in the Saturday Evening Post No one will deny. I am sure, that a very large part of the recent buy ing of stocks by rich and poor, young and old. men and women, has not been based on anv econom ic reasoning whatever, but solely on the fact that prices had tlready risen. This Is Just as accurate and rec ognizable a symptom of speculative hysteria as a sore throat or tem perature Is a bodily ill. Never has there been such a multitude of per sons falling over one another to buv at high levels stocks which made That's Easy. Prom Passing Show Teacher: What is homicide by Im prudence? <No reply.' Teacher: Come now. Suppoee a motor came at terrific speed round o corner and killrd me. What would that be? Whole Claaa: Three daya' holiday, air. .—' 1 w ■■ ■ ■ ■■ Q At what age do hens stop lay- j lng eggs? J. M H. A. Records show that hen* some- ! times lay until they are seven or eight year* c!«? after which the production decreases. A hen 6 years of age may be expected to lay • few eggs in the spring. 1 no appeal whatever at lower prices An intelligent broker, in comment ing upon this condition, said: “Last August, after the big break I urged my customers to buy Gen eral Motors at 180. I felt sure the* could not lose. Most of them took my advice and put in orders, but canceled them even before I had a chance to execute. “Yet nearly all these customers came in of their own accord snd bought General Motors way above 200, although there had been no substantial change in the affairs of the company in the meantime.” A year or two ago the common stock of a very important corpora tion was selling quietly below 50. A banking firm put its own customers into the stock, after a long and careful investigation had shown the intrinsic value to be high, and tried to persuade other firms to do the same. But its representative almost had the door shut in his face when he called at other offices. After the stock had risen without their help, many of these firms tele phoned him politely to call again. Yeast and Prohibition. Incorporated under Ohio laws in 1905 with a total capital of $6,000, 000,000, the Fleischfnann company has steadily increased its business until today it is one of the coun try’s leading industrial concerns with a net worth, as indicated by market quotations for its capital stock, of some $350,000,000. The company's principal business consists of the manufacture and distribution of yeast. It is the larg est manufacturer of yeast in the world, and produces practically all of that which is consumed in this country. It also makes distilled vine gar and malt, and is rated as the largest producer in this country of both of these products. Other pro ducts manufactured consist of al cohol malt extract, gin (in a Ca nadian plant), and a number of trade marked products which are used in the manufactur of bread The company also does a large bus iness in dried and wet grains for stock feed. Yeast, however, is un derstood to account for about three quarters of its gross business. Manufacturing operations are carried on in 25 different plants. Ol these plants, seven are located at Chicago, one at Montreal and others in various parts of the United States, mostly in the west, although there is a plant at Baltimore and another at Buffalo. Thirteen of the plants are devoted to the manu facture of malt and malt products The others are used primarily for the manufacture of yeast, al though most of thpm are equipped to make vinegar, two to make alco hol and one to make gin. The company also owns 24 country elevators in Minnesota and South Dakota which are used in connec tion with its malt business, grain being purchased direct from grow ers. It also owns tank cars and other transportation equipment. ■ i .. " ... — Q. la the official communication which an American consul makes to the department of state called a dispatch or despatch? D. E. A. The spelling despatch Is used. A communication from the Depart ment of state to a consul is called an Instruction. A Gentle Hast. Persistent Customer: I don’t think you’ve properly filed this muffler. It keeps on going "phut, phut. phut, phuf" Oarage Man: I'll have another look and see what I can do. Is there anything particular you'd like It to say instead? .1.1 ■— - ■#»-. ■ '■ 11 ■■ q How can I make kodak prints quite gloasy? P P. A The Bureau of Standards savt that gloasy prints sre obtained by placing the wet prints, face down on a ferrotype plate and pee lint them off when dry A piece of plate lists all] sometimes answer for the ferrotype plate. Even in uOld Days” Many Editors Maintained Dignified Policies Conditions are getting better with the editors It wasn't so very many years ago when we used to read in the country press—the same article going the rounds— the windup of which was in effect that the “editor kneaded the dough without a darn thing on," so extremely poor r.nd penniless was his condition. We have an idea that Fred Wolfe of the Primghar Bell knows something about this when his dear father, now gone to his reward, was strug gling for existence in O’Brien county some 40 to 50 years ago with a number of hungry mouths to feed.—Sheldon Sun.. From O’Brien County (la.) Bell. The foregoing from the Sheldon Sun set up thinking, trying to recall any time when "Dad" was “struggling for existence,” as Brother Bartz seems to think happened In the early days of Dad’s newspaper experience. No doubt he did some worrying about how he was going to meet the pay roll on Saturday night, or the “ready-print" bill at the end of the month, but if so we children knew little about it. Dad was a genuine optimist. He did not believe In worrying about anything. His philosophy was that there were Just two kinds of things to worry about—one kind you could not help, and the oth er kind you could help. If you couldn't help it, why worry? If you could help it, again why worry instead ow helping It. He had faith that in some way the Lord would provide him with the means of paying his bills. He always did pay them, and his rating In Dunn and Bradstreet’s might have been “slow but honest;” but we are certain he was never refused credit by a wholesale house and never received a shipment of merchandise marked with the potent letters ”C. O. D.” We recall having J. C. Kelly of the Sioux City Printing com pany, from whom Dad bought the old patent insides that were fashionable in country papers a quarter century ago, say that “Your Dad's credit is good here for any amount—he may be a lit tle slow, but we know we will get It some day.” Neither can we remember of Dad printing any “begging" or "pauper” stories In either the Sanborn Pioneer when he owned it, or in this newspaper. He believed the printer was entitled to his pay like the baker and candlestick maker, and went out and got it. He lived a rather simple life. His demands were not large. Fine clothes meant nothing to him. In fact his family thought him too thoughtless about such things. He had no extravagant personal habits. His greatest Joy was In substantial giving to his church, to charity, and to aid the needy. His ambition was to leave a little something to his children. In going through his papers after his death we were surprised at the number of receipts for contributions to all kinds of chil dren's homes, temperance organizations, and church causes. We can recall that we boys never had to ask more than once for a dime of quarter for spending money—though we were taught not to ask too often. He was liberal in the extreme with all of us. Took us places when we were small and showed us everything young minds would be Interested In. W’e recall with pleasure trips to the early corn palaces In Sioux City, when ho sp^nt hours tak ing us about town. No, Dad may have had to borrow money at the bank to meet the pay roll and to pay the paper bill, or to keep a pledge to the church, but he never whined or begged in the columns of his pa per. He was raised to know poverty. His boyhood days knew no electrical toys, such as my son demands, and his play was In the woods studying nature or hunting squirrels with an old long rifle still a relic In my home, handed down by him to my eon. It was a muzzle loader and he moulded hls own bullets. He was expected to bring back a squirrel, quail or pheasant for each missing builefr and usually did. True newspaper conditions have changed. It takes money to own and conduct a newspaper today, and the man who exists, to say nothing of prospers In the business, must have some business sense. We can remember the day when any printer with $50 or $100 could establish a newspaper. The type founder and ready print houses would stake him for the rest. Every town had two or more papers, and ofn ecessity some of them had hard picking. There are two pieces of machinery in this shop now that each represent more than the purchase price of the Bell when father bought It. One of them more than twice that amount. As office foreman this writer worked for less than one fourth what we now pay our foreman. Yes, dad knew some tough times, both on the farm In Frank lin township before he purchased the Sanborn Pioneer, but we can not recall the time when we did not have plenty to eat and clothes enough to keep from getting arrested. In fact we won der If Dad In his day did not get more out of life, with its less complex problems, than we do today. Ills In come was far less, but so was his overhead. He had been raised to like the simple and true things of life, and did not miss the luxuries that seem necessities today. Boom in Shipping. From Review of Reviews. The Canada Nationals will put four, if not six, new vessels on the inland passageway to Alaska within two years. Nine new Italian liners have been put on the route from Vancouver and Seattle to the orient and through Panama to Europe. The Japanese Nippon Jusen Kaisha is building three new liners for San Francisco, Seattle and oriental trade. The Dollar Line has five new ships for round the world and oriental trips. The Matsons are putting on two new vessels for Australian traffic. Yet I know of two big lumber companies which are so short and uncertain of regular 27-day vessels to Australia that they will have to build or buy two new ships for their exclusive use. And the vice president of the Hamburg Ameri -an line has been in Vancouver and Seattle recently, arranging a new refrigeration service to the orient and to Europe. The people are not gambling on the chances of a future boom. They are meeting the immediate demands of the present. Instead of the wa terfronts of dead or sleeping cities, as after the war, gulls roosting on rotting ships, their harbors present a review of masts and funnels such as threads the Thames or shuttles through ports of Holland and Bel gium. Canadian Pools. Prom Government Bulletin. Winnipeg—Next to the Canadian federal government, the largest busi ness in Canada reckoned on the basis of gross annual turnover Is done by the farmers of western Canada who are members of the Canadian wheat pool. In the crop year 1927-28 this farmers’ co-operative marketing or ganization. which has the distinc tion of being the largest of 1U kind m the world, reports gross pro ceeds Of 9323.847.282 41. an amount Life's Little Ironies From the Toronto Globe When Robert Bum* lay on his lealhbed In Dumfries he is said to have declared to hts wife: "I will be better known a hundred years from now. Jean, than I am today - More prophetic words were never uttered. The poet who died tormented with a debt of 980 hang ing over him that he was unable to meet I* known everywhere to day. while the sale of one copy of an early edition of his poem* bring* enough money to have kept Burnt ns affluence all hi* Me * ll i* worth while recalling these greater by several milions of dollars than the gross revenue of any oth er enterprise in the Dominion, the two r^reat transcontinental railways included. The wheat pool had its beginning In 1923 in Alberta. The following year the other two prairie provinces, Saskatchewan and Manitoba linked up and the central selling agency with headquarters in Winnipeg was created. Prom a modest start th* wheat pool has become one of Can ada’s principal international trad ers. Its agents and representative* are to be found in most of the prin cipal centers of the world. In the last crop year the pool handled 209.871,373 bushels of th* 440,000,000 bushels of wheat grown In Canada, and exported 51 pea cent, to 68 ports In 26 countries. Of the $323,847,282.41, the amounl of the gross proceeds of the pool tn the crop year under review $289. 286,476.88 represented proceeds from wheat transactions. Coarse grain receipts were: Barley $6,159,485.12; oats $4,173,118 20; rye $3,473,331.40, flax $2,680,982.02; grain carried over from the previous crop and sold $15,548,063 73 and receipts from sales for the Ontario grain pool $2, 515,82506. Total transactions few 1927-28 exceeded those of the pre ceding year by $9,510,159. Members of the Canadian wheaa pool, who number about 142,000 ac tual fanners, sign a five-year con tract to deliver their grain to the pool. The grain is sold and all re ceipts are divided among the mem bers after deductions are made fot operating and administration costs Safe and Sober. From TO-Bita It war the morning after the night before. "How did you find yourself this morning?’* asked one wan oartlcl pator of another. "Easy ** was the reply "I Just looked under the table and there 1 was." things In view of the <1 .spateh from New York which state* that a copy of Burns’ poems, a second edrlon volume, was sold the other duv to Dr. A. 8. W Rosenbach. the mil lionaire rare book collector, lor $33 500 A sum like this would nave represented a tremendous fortune In 179* when the poet died The most Burns ever realised from the sale of hia books was 12.500 and to day one copv of those same edi tions brings 10 times that aonunt. Such Is Fhs Irony of fate Jean Armour msy have thought the poet’s cisim to greatness was the raving of a mini distracted bv Its ISO debt But the world now k.'.ows the words were true.