RUNS SHOW NO
SIGN OF BEAUTY
Sesqui Glories of 1926
Erased But Bills Keep
Them in Memory
Philadelphia—The glories that
Were the Sesqui-centennial and at
tracted millions here two years ago
today are piles of broken plaster
that appeal only to small boys want
ing to play baseball.
Two years ago this month thous
ands of visitors came to Philadel
phia each day to see the displays,
exhibits and buildings which were
to celebrate the 150th anniversary
of the signing of the Declaration
of Independence in the little brick
building in Independence Square.
Today none but a few of the lads
of the neighborhood looking for a
ball diamond, go to the former
Sesqui-centennial grounds if they
can help it. The buildings are
razed but there remains the debris
that has been left. At the edge
of the cement floors are little piles
of plaster that tell of the elabor
ate temporary structures.
Through the center runs a high
way, bordered on either side with
newly planted trees. Most of them
are only two or three times as big
as a man. Grass had grown waist
high in many places.
In the distance is the Treasure
Hunt, which delighted the young
sters who visited the exhibits two
years ago. It looks more like a
little bit of the Alps. Far off it
appears a little ice covered moun
tin but close up one sees the rents
in the covering and the boney
woodwork sticking through.
iiie rcisiaii uuuuiug, wuitn
one of the attractions of the exotic
architecture, is a ruin with two of
its four spires already tumbled to
the ground and the other shaking
perilously when the wind blows.
Away in the distance over the
trees, grass and ruin which re
minds one of the damages done by
an earthquake and fire or by a cy
clone rises the Philadelphia navy
yard with its ships, masts and huge
derricks.
The - municipal stadium, which
was built during the Sesqui-centen
nial, is in use still but during a rain
storm torrents or water pour
through crevices and makes the in
terior almost as wet as the out
side. When the sun shines, how
ever, the stadium appears in bright
er colors.
But while the grounds themselves
present a desolate picture, the
purse of the city of Philadelphia,
that paid the price, is still more
sad for taxpayers. When the city
counsel felt strong and rambunc
tious, the “city fathers” talked
about the debts of the sesqui-cen
tennial. One time tney almost
agreed the wreckers should rehabil
itate the grounds. But they failed
to agree.
Dp on top of city hall the statute
of William Penn looks the other
way down Broad street and the
Besqui-centennial is at his back.
But then he does not have to listen
to bill collectors and he can turn
his back to any disagreeable sight.
KEEPING THE RECORDS
From Terre Haute Tribune
The matter of restoring priceless
documents in the possession of the
government receives great consider
ation in Washington where an ex
pert is employed who has been so
occupied 22 years. He is William G.
Walde, and he has an assistant who
has worked in that capacity almost
as long as Walde, William W. Ma
loney.
They are chiefly employed in the
department of state, where most of
the priceless documents are to be
found. They restore invaluable his
torical documents that have lain on
dusty shelves for decades and be
come soiled, and in addition have
been yellowed with age, which also
with toe air has rendered them very
brittle.
j-age dv page ine craitsmen piece
together the fragments of documents
and manuscripts, so that historians
aaay unearth for future generations
the wealth of historical data they
(elate. Among them are treaties be
tween the United States and foreign
nations and other state papers of
Kreat value. Just now the two men
*e engaged over correspondence
more than a century old, bearing
dates from 1791 to 1793.
Frequently there has been found
among the letters the signature of
Thomas Jefferson, signatures char
acterized by the bold stroke of
George Washington, and other sig
natures which illustrate the delicate
penmanship of James Madison. All
are originals and have to do with
the early history of the United
States. No pains have been spared
to save them.
The task is well worth while.
Americans who have visited Paris,
and who have visited the Quay
D’Orsay or foreign office, are keen
ly intersted in an opportunity to
nee the early treaties between this
nation and France, all marvelously
preserved- and all marvelously cher
ished by the French government.
---
Spreads Easily.
From Answers.
Thoughtful husband: Emily, Is
there any shopping you want done
this morning.
His wife: Yes; you might buy a
Jar of that traffic jam I’ve been
reading about.
-+-+
Q What colors can fish distin
guish? B. C.
A. Bees and most fishes see only
blue and yellow—all else is black or
white, or some shade partlv black
and partly white.
The Silver Lining.
From Life.
Chorus girl: I’m afraid my rep
utation is ruined.
Her lawyer: That’s fine! Our
fortunes are made.
-M--—
Q. When was the first aerial mail
delivery in the United States? L. R.
T.
A. The postoffice department says
that the first aerial mail delivery
made in the United States took
place in September. 1911. when the
first bag of mail delivered to Min
ed* post office. Postmaster Gener
al F. H. Hitchcock sent the mail
and E L. Ovington, pilot, delivered
tt.
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Restoration of Rubber Competition
Shows Difficulty of Price Control
From Time.
“Every motor car would be headed for the scrap-heap; every loud
speaker would be silent; every telephone would ‘go dead’; every electric
light would go out. The gloveless surgeon would be unable to perform
his life-saving operations. . . . Contemporary man could not get
along. . . .Life would be devoid of half its conveniences and com
forts. . . .”
Such was the alarming prophesy, last week, of able Dr. Julius Klein
of the U. S. Department of Commerce. He was recalling the ancient and
modern history of the commodity of rubber. Columbus, exploring
the island of Hispaniola, was the first to see natives playing with
balls which seemed to bound miraculously to Heaven. Three centuries
later, Chemist Joseph Priestly advised his fellow Englishmen that the
miraculous substance would erase pencil-markings, might well be called
“rubber.” It was only 100 years ago that a Scotchman named Mackin
tosh dissolved rubber in naptha and perpetuated his name in an over
coat. And in 1839, U. S.-born Charles Goodyear dropped rubber
(mixed with sulphur) on a hot stove and witnessed the first, accidental
process of vulcanization.
Scholarly Dr. Klein knew that in 1926, rubber led the list of U. S.
imports, that 1927 imports were valued at $340,000,000. In vivid, ef
fective phrases he pictured civilization “suddenly and permanently”
deprived of rubber.
Point was undeniably given Dr. Klein’s prophesies by the occasion
which prompted them. He spoke on the eve of the most important
day the rubber industry has seen in six years. Fortunately, the day
gave happy Instead of dismal point to Dr. Klein's vision of a rubber
less world. For on November 1 the six-year British experiment in re
stricting export of rubber from Malaya came to an abrupt and offical
end.
British historians, writing of the great post-war recovery, acclaiming
the return to the gold standard and the rebuilding of the merchant
marine, will deal briefly and reluctantly with the effort to control the
rubber markets of the world. The experiment which began November 1,
1922, which ended last week, will be held an economic catastrophe.
Hundreds of fortunes were drawn into the maelstrom of its collapse.
In conception, the plan appeared both simple and practical. Of
the world’s rubber supply, Great Britain in 1922 controlled about 67
per cent. British plantations in the East, principally in Malaya, pro
duced in that year 300,000 tons. Dutch plantations, in Java and the
East Indies, produced only 95,000 tons. Prices were low. In an at
tempt to boost prices, establish a monopoly. Great Britain undertook,
by the Stevenson Restriction Act. to regulate exports from Malaya.
The idea was to fix the price of crude rubber at between 30 and 40
cents a pound.
For a time, the restriction was brilliantly successful. Prices soared
far above 40 cents, reached a high in 1925 of $1.21 a pound and in that
year averaged 73 cents. U. S. rubber users tiremakers, were in a
public panic. They pressed a campaign of conservation. They began
to “reclaim” used rubber. They started a world-wide search for plan
tations where the U. S. might produce its own supply. Thgy
commisioned Thomas Elva Edison to study how to extract rubber
from such plants as milkweed. And. in 1925. tiremakers formed the
Rubber Pool to buy a great supply at between 35 and 41 cents a pound.
Before desperate U. 8. remedies could be effective, the British
plan had failed. England had not counted on the Dutch East Indies.
Lured by phenomenal prices, both the Dutch themselves and the
000 tons. By 1928.’ Britain controlled only a little more than half <55
Javanese natives pushed production. Last year, they furnished 225,
per cent.) of the world supply, could not possibly control world prices.
Doing More Playing.
Prom New York Port.
As late as 1872 a church school
in this country expressed its atti
tude toward play in these words:
"We prohibit play in the strong
est terms . . . the students shall
rise at 5 o'clock summer and win
ter. Their recreation shall be
gardening, walking, riding and bath
ing without doors, and tne carpen
ter’s, joiner’s, cabinet maker’s or
. turner’s business within doors . . .
The students shall be Indulged with
nothing which the world calls play.
Let this rule be observed with the
strictest necessity; for those who
play when they are young, will play
when they are old.”
How far we have departed from
this view is shown by tlve fact that
the Sathedral of St. John the Di
vine nas a sports bay. It is shown
also by the estimate that Americans
spend the huge total of $20,000,000,
000 a year on recreation. This es
tlmarte. admittedly rough, is pre
presented by Stuart Chase in a
The Early Stages
Prom Tid-Bits.
Bridegroom: Would you mind if
1 went into a smoking compartment,
dear?
Bride: To smoke?
Bridegroom: Oh, no! I want to
experience the agony of being away
from you, so that the joy of my re
turn will be all the more intensi
fied.
— . ■ ■■ ♦ ♦-- — -
Q. Do any Indian tribes live in
the Glacier National park? J. S. L.
A. There are no Indians living in
this park. However, the Blackfeet
Indian reservation runs up to the
park. J
chapter on "Play” in a new book
entitled ‘ Whither Mankind." a col
lection of essavs on various as
pects of modem civilization.
At the top of our recreational ac
tivities Mr. Chase puts pleasure mo
toring; estimated annual cost,
five billion dollars. Next comes
entertaining, which Includes visit
ing. night clubs and road houses;
estimated annual cost, three billion
dollars. Vacations and travel com
bined tie with candy, chewing gum
and hard and soft drinks at two
billion dollars a year. We must say
that is stretching the term "play"
until it cracks.
A point of importance not
touched upon by Mr. Chase is the
evident increase of play among
grownups. Within the present
generation there has been a revo
lution in this matter, not a little
of the credit for which must be
given to the game of golf. From
the older cities of the eastern sea
board this game, not many years
ago regarded as an aristocratic
M Years Hence
From Answers.
"And these old pieces of furni
ture are heirlooms. I presume.”
"Yes, indeed. My grandfather
paid the first installments un them,
and we've kept up the payments
ever since."
- -—
Q. How many millions are there
in a billion? C F. A.
A. The word billion is variously
interpreted in different countries. In
America and France, a billion is 1,
000,000.000, while in England and
Germany it is 1,000,000,000,one
i
sport, has penetrated to the towm
and villages of the newest parts
of the country. Helping It along
and helped along by it is the Sat
urday half holiday, which is stead
ly becoming a national institution.
-« 4 -
Baldwin on Wesley
From Time
A hypothetical ape immortalized
Charles Darwin; and it seemed that
a no less remarkable ape—a spirit
ual ape—might perform the same
service for Stanlev Baldwin, His
Majesty’s prime mimlster.
The ape leaped into fame and be
ing when Mr. Baldwin said, in the
course of a public address:
“War shows us that our descent
has not been only from the ape, It
is also from the tiger. The tiger
must be not merely apprehended
but eliminated if the state is to sur
vive. The ape in us has come
through history with spiritual
power. The tiger has not That is a
difference worth remembering!
While shocked or gleeful Britons
were pondering these surely memor
able words, good Squire Baldwin
made further philosophic utterance,
last week, at the 150th anniversary
services in “The Little Church on
City Road.” famed London nucleus
of some 106.000 Methodist churches
which now dot the Globe.
The prime minister, grandson of
a Methodist pastor, said of John
Wesley. In America 10 per cent of
ism:
"Wesley’s supreme legacy v.as his
conception of practical religion for
the ordinary man and woman. I be
lieve that you cannot understand
America unless you understand
Wesley. In America ten per cent of
the people are Methodists. To Wes
ley Christianity was primarily a
way of life.”
Methodists know that in the
standard edition of Wesley's Jou'
nal he wrote about himself that, as
a young man “I had no notion of
inward holiness” but lived “habit
ually and for the most part very
contentedly in some or other known
sin.” Later, honest, forthright John
Wesley became a High Chii'ch
Episcopalian clergyman. finally
espousing Methodism. At the rpo"ee
of his potency, Pastor Wesley trav
eled some 5.000 miles a year,
preaching and founding Methodist
churches.
Life-Saving Serums.
From Time.
September is past with its year
ly threat of an infantile paralysis
epidemic. But winter comes on
i with its certainty of pneumonia.
Doctors kept this year's infan
! tile paralysis incidence low because
i they have recognized the early signs
of the disease and used serums to
prevent the paralysis. Best serum
comes from convalescents. It is dif
ficult to get, and scarce. Massachu
setts, where the Harvard Inlantile
Paralysis commission had three
doctors traveling around the state
to inject the serum into spines,
seems to have done the best pre
; ventive work this year.
Doctors hope to keep pneumonia
low this year. Their best advice Is
to guard against common colds. If
colds develop, the patient should
rest in bed and eat nourishing
foods. If pneumonia develops, alert
doctors this year have a new serum
to use. Old ones required three in
jections to cure. The new one. an
nounced last week by Dr. William
Hallock Park of New York City’s
health department, the man who
has done so much bacteriological
work to prevent disease, requires
but two injections. Its supply so
far is scant. Not until December
will there be enough for New York
City's 10,COO doctors to use.
—■———- ♦ ---
From Tit-Bits.
Doctor—About nine patients out
of ten don’t live through this op
eration. Is there anything I can do
for you before we begin?
Durfry patient—Yessalu G<’ m'
I mah hat.
Grandpa's Turn
From Tid-Bits.
Old man: I never see a blush on
a girl's face now. In my day it was
different.
Flapper: Oh, grandad, what did
you say to them?
-- +♦
Q. Are good manners inherent
or acquired? D W. D.
A. John Erskine in "What Edu
cation Means to Me" says: "All good
manners have something histrionic
in them; they are not natural; they
are a performance, and the best
inspiration toward acquiring them
is a fine desire to be agreeable W
othe^ '
Modern Radio Facilities May
Shorten Presidential Fights
r I Mill \siiiaM* n uiiu-iirmni.
The radio has made our national politics national in fact, ratliei
than provincial or sectional. The important speeches are heard in
ivery section of the country at the same time and by all classes of
people. The point of delivery makes little difference. What is said
to an audience in Omaha is heard in Boston, in San Francisco, and
in millions of city, village and rural homes all the way between. The
speaker talks literally to the nation. He does not have to go to
50 or 100 points to make the seme speech over and over
again. A single speech serves the same purpose. Nor can any candi
date make a sectional appeal in one part of the country without ks
being heard instantly in every other section. He cannot change the
slant of his appeal when he penetrates another section. He must be
consistent, throughout, and national minded.
Why, under these circumstances, must we ar.v longer undergo the
quadrennial agony of four and five months cainpa.gns.
Dr. Albert Shaw, of the Reviews of Reviews, says wc need not Our
national conventions, he suggests, should be held in September in
stead <*f June. After a few addresses by the candidates, on nation
wide hookups and a few others by cmin-nt leaders on both sides, trie
country will understand what the issues are, be educated as to the
merits of the opposing sides, and be ready to vote. ‘ Let it be l-eir.rm
beied." he says, “that each convention this year nominated its canal
date on the first ballot, after serious preliminary consideration wit.un
the party councils; and the country was ready to vote on a mChtas
notice.”
It seems that Dr. Shaw is right about it. A month with the radio
Is equal to six months of the old-fashioned campaigning. A six wc :s'
campaign rather than a sixteen weeks’ campaign would mean a net
saving of 10 weeks of valuable time and energy to devote to ot.ier
purposes. There would still be ample time for newspapers and period
icals to put into print all there was to ray, ar.d ample lime, too, fur
the voters to ponder the issues and reach a conclusion. Senator
Norris* great Omaha speech, made cnly nine days before the elect,m..
had had it3 fullest possible effect on every citizen before the time
came to vote.
In future campaigns there will be little call for any but the ablest
speakers. It will be increasingly harder to collect crowds for lo:al
meetings. The people will sit comfortably in their homes, as so
many of them have done this year, to hear the candidate and their
most famous champions, to study what the newspapers and reviews ,
have to offer, and to conclude the discussion in the quiet of the family
circle. And political interes,. instead of diminishing, will mount. It
will be an informed and educated electorate that goes to the polls.
The radio has become something more than a plaything, a means
of entertainment. It is developing into one of the most powerful
factors in our educational, social and political life.
ORIENTAL RUG WEAVERS BUSY
I Report by Vice Consul Julius C.
Holmes. Smyrna.
Through the ages the making of
rugs has served as an outlet for the
artistic tendencies of the Turkish
people. Beautifully designed rugs
and carpets have comprised one of
the principal contributions of the
orient to the world’s art.
The methods of manufacture
have changed very little since the
days of the Seljuk sultans (1001 to
1299 A. D ). Rug making has re
mained a cottage industry and the
art of weaving has been handed
down from mother to daughter
through generations.
The products are now marketed
by large organizations which super
vise the manufacture and collect
the rugs from the weavers, and
coal tar dyes have replaced the
vegetable dyes formerly used. Oth
erwise, the industrial revolution
has not affected carpet making in
Turkey.
Prom the time of the declaration
of war bv Turkev in 1914 until the
cessation of hostilities bewteen Tur
key and Greece, in October. 1922,
carpet and rug manufacture in
Turkew was practically at a stand
still. 'After the capture and burn
ing of Smyrna this region experi
enced economic chaos and carpet
weaving was abandoned. It was
only at great expense and with in
finite patience that producers were
able to revive the industry, which
was severely handicapped by the
loss of Greek and Armenian work
men.
Because of higher prices, present
production almost equals in value
the pre-war output, although it is
considerably smaller in quantity
Producers are confident that they
will be able to overcome the diffi
culties occasioned by the war and
the exodus of Greek and Armenian
workmen and to meet successfully
the competition of the newly estab
lished rug industry in Greece. They
do admit, however, that the finer
grades of carpets, which were for
merly made in Turkey, are now be
ing manufactured almost exclusive
ly in Greece.
Although Smyrna is the center of
the Turkish carpet industry, very
few rugs are made in the city. Rug
weaving has remained a cottage in
dustry. The large producers have
built up a special type of organiza
tion with head offices in Smyrna,
from which the business is managed
and the carpets are assembled and
prepared for export. At present
there are seven large concerns (four
Turkish, two British and one Amer
ican*, engaged in the production
and distribution of Turkish carpets
and rugs. Practically all manu
facturers follow the same methods.
The producer obtains orders for a
certain quantity of a given quality
of carpet to be made according to
an approved design, which may
have been prepared by the pur
chaser of which may have been
submitted by the manufacturer. All
producers maintain agents in the
various weaving centers to super
vise the weaving.
When an order has been received
at the Smyrna office the necessary
designs, weaving specifications,
properly dyed wool yarn and cot
ton or wool warp or weft are sent
to the agent in the interior. All
of the materials are delivered to
the weaver’s home, where the loom
(sometimes owned by the weaver
and tn other cases by the producer*
is set up and warp of the carpet
placed by a ‘‘skilled workman called
a “mounter.” The weaver then be
gins work, following the designs
and specifications supplied by the
producer, whose representative calls
from time to time to inspect the
work and often to make advances
of money to the weaver for her
work. When the carpet is finished
it is carried to the depot of the
Story 50 Years Hence.
Frederick Palmer in Scribner's.
Haig was far from a hero to the
British public. He would not po3e
as a figure for propaganda's stuffing
»nd gilding. But Haig was Haig,
after all an embodiment of the poise
and phlegm, the "back to the wall”
stubbornness and the great perma
nent qualities which the British like
to think are pre-eminently their
own.
Four years of stalling did not hab
ituate him to the defense. When
the opening came he was quick to
action in the of tensive which fol
lowed up his success cf August, 1918,
storming the Hmdenburg line.
f
agent, who counts the number of
stitches and places the weaver’s
earnings to her credit. The carpet
is then sent to the main assembly
plant where the pile is clipped and
the rugs are washed by a special
process At the assembly depot the
; carpets again are measured, clipped
I once more, cleaned and packed into
bales for export.
The names designating types of
carpets and rugs, such as Sparta,
Ouihak and Bergam, arc indicative
of the construction of the carpet
rather than of a particular design.
Certain patterns, however have be
come identified with special kinds
of carpets and are seldom used for
other varieties. Copies of designs
In antique Turkish rugs or of Per
sian and Chinese carpets are fre
quently made, but every rug pro
ducer of any consequence main
tains a staff to create, original de
signs and to modify older patterns.
Miniature designs t"> ehow the fig
ures and color combinations are
made in watercolor and frem these
! patterns weaving guides or ''milll
metriquee” are fashioned, whlcla
show on a scale the number of
knots of each color required to the
square millimeter cf carpet The
weaver places the millimetrique on
the loom and follows it in weaving
the carpet.
As previously stated, the time
honored and traditional art of
carpet weaving is passed from
mother to daughter in Turkey At
a very early age girls begin to help
the older women and by the time
they are 12 to 15 years old have
acquired extradordinary sk.ll in
weaving. Usually from two to four
weavers are employed on one car
pet loom and one or two on a small
rug loom. The weavers sit on a
low bench In front of the loom and
are eoulpped with a millimetrique,
yarn dyed in various colors, a short
sharp knife, clipping shears and a
heavy toothed instrument, resem
bling a currycoomb. The weft is
placed in the carpet by the weaver,
each bit of yarn being paired twice
around the strand of warp anr.
of the knots of yarn follow.' th&
design. Another person, usually an
apprentice, beats the knotted vam
and weft together with the toothed
instrument and a third clips the
pile to an even length.
Weavers work from sunrise to
suneet, or from five to six hours in
winter and from nine to 10 hours
per day In summer Expert weavers
have turned out 10,000 stitches a
day, but the average is from 6.000
to 8.000. The amount of carpet
that can be produced in a dev by a
weaver depends to a great extent
on the number of knots per square
inch, which vary in the different
types of carpets. Four average
! weavers working on one loom will
produce a high grade Sparta carpet
22 pics square (a pic equals 25.8
! inches or .71 yards) in six or eight
1 weeks. A medium grade carpet
will be woven by the same person
In four weeks and a low grade car
pet in 15 days.
The average weaver earns about
$1.25 a day. The labor coot per
square pic ranges from 81 cents
to 51 cents.
— ■ ■. ■ ■ ■ —
Q. If a parachute fails to open
when a man jumps from an air
plane. does he die befsre rtriking
the ground? V. R.
A. The idea that a man falling
through the air from a great height
loses consciousness before he lands
has been prove 1 o be s lallacy. It
has been found that persons falling
maintain full control of their fac
ulties until they come into contact
with some solid object.
Protests from London, lest hia tem
erity—reversing the old complaint
against him—insure too heavy losses,
reached him after the victory was
won by moderate losses.
His calm was well in control of
highly sensitised nerved; and it was
the strain of this, although no mark
of it showed on his face, which
brought his death.
Nothing so became his method as
its climax in placing all his own
memoranda in the archives of the
British museum, net to be published
for 50 years. So. d.spass onate’.y. he
left his place in history to the time
when hopefully history can be dis
passionately written.