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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1921)
O’NEILL FRONTIER ~ P. H. CRONIN •'Opportunity for world leadership knocks a second time at America's door,” said Joseph P.. Tumulty, In New York recently when asked to discuss the armament conference. "A year ago America abandoned that leadership In exchange for what Woodrow Wilson characterized 'a barren Isolation.' Now Is the time for President Ilardlng, rep resenting America, to assume bold lead ership. All Americans, Irrespective of political affiliations, wish him the ut most success In the approaching con ference. But he wlU succeed through audacity rather than caution.” Old Bill Ix>wnoy, whose life has been devoted to opening oysters, claims that when he split 100 of them In 3 mlnutea 8141 seconds not long ago he established a world's record, says a dispatch from New York. He has challenged any and all oystermen to meet him In competi tion with a barrel of bivalves and a knife. Old BUI was born up Cape Cod pray 63 years ago, and he knows ths Miner and records of all the speedy oyster openers along the coast. Dock operators In Superior and Duluth have been worried considerably of late because of severe fires In the large coal piles on the water front. Fires this fall are numerous, due to the recent rush of stocking the northwest's winter supply before the threatened railroad strike materialized. Caused by spontaneous combustion, many of the flrea bre at the base of the coal piles, which make it extremely difficult to combat them. A new species of -con man” has been discovered In Bay City, Mich. The city put a bounty of 10 cents on rats, and for obvious reasons, required only the tnlls of the dead rodents to be pre sented for "cashing In." This counting developed Into rather perfunctory per formance and then It Jeveloped that some of the ever present small boys were mixing In pieces of Insolated wilts, and even small pigs’ tails with the rat appendages. The greatest need for the country girl who comes to the city Is religious train ing, statet conference of probation of ficers of New York state were told Monday by Miss Helen F. McCormick, daputy assistant district attorney of Kings county. Many country girls, she I declared, are fed on the worst sort of movies, books and otorles, and frqjn other girls are under the obsession that wicked city people are going continually to tempt her, and It Is through <these Influences that they fall. The plight of some of the landed proprietors of England was Illustrated In London recently when the marquis of Northampton, In returning thanks for a wedding present from the tonantry on his estate, said that at the present time he wob living on borrowed money. "Wo are parsing through difficult times,” said the marquis. "I try to ex cuse myself because I foel that people must hate me. X hope they do not. My grandfather had a great deal of money to play with. My father had some, too. 1 have none. I have to live on borrowed money. X have to be rather plnohlng.” Washington stationers, at first over joyed because of the calling of the con ference, are mourning. Armament dele gates have cut the red tape of diplomacy fn one regard at least. They will dis pense with the "formal ,end official call,” long-a sacred Institution. Some body figured out that If all the diplo mats and attaches and advisers here were to call on one another In formal fashion tt wouwr use up more than 40,000 calling cards. The Washington Elm, under whloh George Washington assumed command of the continent^ armies, sheltered In Cambridge the oMer day another gen eral whose name will rank with the greatest. Under Its massive, time worn branches Ferdinand Foch was made an honorary member of a local post of the Grand Army of the Republic. A dele gation *f veterans of the Civil war pinned on his breast a bronze medal In token of hla membership. vu-upvi aiiun, msieau or competition, between nations was urged In resolutions adopted by the National Council of Womeiv In session at Philadelphia this week. Plans were launched to create a woman’s "bloc” to throw the vote of associated organizations to candidates to minimize war preparations. World wide oo-operutldn of women for reduc tion of armament was urged In a mes sage from British women, and the league of nations union. Speaking to his fellow countrymen who formed a large part of a great crowd that gathered In Memorial plaza to groat General Diaz of Italy, when he spoke In Baltimore, Saturday, the general Re minded them they are part of the American Institution. “Become Amer ican cltlsens,'"' he said. “Be Americans at heart.” He then placed on the forum of the plasa, tribute to the soldiers who died In the war. The shot gun messenger, long a pic turesque figure of the far west, has come back. Formerly the messenger rode atop the stage coach, weapon on his knees, and watahed the Indians or road agents. Today 20 civilian guards, mod ern prototypes of the colorful former group, were put on duty on mall trains running ietween Spokane, St. Paul, ■cattle and Portland, Ore. Funds for national defense will be secured by a patriotic stamp tax If a bill approved by the Peruvian senate becomes a law, according to a dis patch from Lima. This tax creates a 10 per cent, ad valorum tax on liquors perfumes and candles and 1 or 2 per cent, tax, according to prices, on automobiles and carriages. In addition It creates a tax, to be paid once only, on all auto mobiles actually In use. The first effort to organize farm wom en on a national scale, according to headquarters of the American Farm Bu reau, will be made at Its annual con vention In Atlanta, November 21 to 23. Each state farm bureau federation has been asked for the first time to send at least one representative farm woman, and these will try to work,out a plan of affiliating women In farm bureau work. The National Tuberculosis Associa tion reports that more than 6.000,000 school children In the United States are suffering from malnutrition. To cor rect this, the association soon will put Into effect an unique plan for Instruct ing these children In correct health hab its. Each child will be required through his teacher and parents to submit a cord indicating dally performance of 11 health chores. The nation® champion horseshoe pitcher Is Frank E. Jackson, of Keller ton, la. He has ’ been ringing pegs for more than 40 years. He Is as enthusias tic over hls horseshoes as golfers are over their game on the green. He claims to play a scientific game, and declares played the game wrong for 28 years. tliant airplanes’ now carry mall of the Belgian Congo In place of the half naked black, the lumbering bullock, and slow moving river steamers. The ■ew air mqll serv'ce operates between Kltshasa ana 8lanWyv!lle, a distance of 1.168 mile', with frequent stops en route, ttftversii% Iks Congo river tbs entire WATER TO SOLVE RATE5JI5TI0N Nebraska Congressman Says “Bring Ocean Closer to Producer of Farm Crops.’’ Norfolk. Neb.. Deo. 6 (Special).— Congressman A. W, Jefferies, of Omaha; H. E. Dickinson, general su perintendent of the Northwestern, and C. E. Burnham, of Norfolk, were the principal speakers at the annual dinner of the Greater Norfolk Asso ciation. Congressman Jeffries de clared that the secret of cheaper transportation for Nebraska lays In the bringing closer of water transpor tation through the 8t. Lawrence river canal project. ♦— RESIST PAYMENT OF HEAVY SCHOOL TAX Homer, Neb., Dec. 6 (Special).— ■Judge Graves last Friday at Dakota City refused to grant a temporary in junction to a number ,of Dakota City property Owners restraining the school board of the Independent school district from the collection of what they term exhorbitant taxes for the dlctrlet. At a meeting some time ago the board made a levy to cover the full Indebtedness of the board, an indebtedness incurred in recent years. This levy, the porperty owners assert, is excessive. Final hearng on the matter will be had in about 20 Hays. REAL CAVE MAN HAS HOME NEAR RAVENNA Kavenna, 8. D„ Dec. 6 (Special).— A real “cave man" has established his quarters on the banks of Beaver creek, outside of Ravenna and will live there for the winter. He dropped from a box car several weeks ago and at once started to scoop out a home for himself. A cave 10 feet square was fashioned by the men. It is furnished with odds and ends which the people of Ravenna htjve donated. ANOTHER BIG SALE OF RAILROAD CERTIFICATES Washington. Dec. 2-—Sales of $12, 842,300 of railroad equipment trust certificates held by the government, was announced today by Director General of Railroads Davis, bringing the total of these securities disposed of by the government to $132,910,600. For the first time since the govern ment began the sales of these certifi cates western financial intetests have taken blocks of these secutitles ac cording to a statement by Eugene Meyer, Jr., managing director of the war finance corporation, through which the sales Were arrangtd. The sales today included certificates of the Chicago & Northwestern, Michi gan Central, Chicago, St. Paul, Min neapolis & Omaha railroads, totaling $8,335,200, to a sydicate of Chicago banks. BEAUVAIS TAKES HAND TO AID MRS. STILLMAN Montreal, Deo. 2.-—Fred Beauvais, Indian guide, charged by James A. Stillman, millionaire New York banker with the paternity of Baby Guy Stillman, and named corespond ent in his divorce action against Mrs. Anna U. Stillman, Thursday sub mitted 30 affidavits and several photographs of the Stillman lodge to Mrs. Stillman’s attorneys to aid in her defense. The Indian conferred with John F. Brennan, chief counsel for Mrs. Stillman, and John E. Mack, guardian at law^ for the child, who came here to arrange for the tuklng of depositions concerning incidents which occurred in the Stillman Ca nadian ladge and on which part of the plaintiff’s case is based. The information gathered by the guide was reported by defendant's counsel to be a refutation of a large part of the testimony of the witnesses called by the banker's lawyers, from Grand Anne, Quebec, where the Still man summer home is located. AGED RAIL EMPLOYE RETIRES ON PENSION - 4X Waterloo, la., Dec. 5 (Special).— After serving 56 years and four months as an employe of the Illinois Centml railroad company, R. O. Pease, oldest employe of the company in years of service, retired from ac tive duty December 1 and has be come a pensioner. During a greater part of this time Mr. Pease resided in Waterloo, but recently established a home in Galena, 111., where two daughters resided. He left for Ga lena to Join his wife who removed to that city in September, The roosters combs are not quite so red this year at the Minneapolis state poultry show. The blame Is placed on the 18th amendment and the Volstead act. In the good old days when they were getting a rooster ready for a poul try show, they used to rub his comb with alcohol to stimulate circulation and make It nice and red. Dast year they used moonshine. This year glycerine and oil of sassafras had to do the trick. To save live canaries from flames destroying her home In Kansas City Monday. Mrs. Leeonard H. Wright abandoned her wardrobe and ran into the street In her night dress, carrying a bird cage In each hand. BOY DIES FROM EFFECT OF NEEDLE IN HEART Minneapolis, Minn.. Dec. 6.—Davi son Sandies, 2-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. John H. Sandies, who had a needle removed from his heart on November 7 in what burgeons said was one of the most remarkable opera tions ever performed in the north west, died yesterday at a local hos pital. The needle pierced his heart when he fell on a sewing basket. GIRLS PRACTICE Students In Home Economics Department of Nebraska . University Aided by Court Order. Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 6.—Assuming the role of ••stbrk,” Juvenile Judge W. M. Morning has made possible the completion of the family that in habits the practice house of the home economics department of the Univer sity of Nebraska by placing a baby In its care. Kathryn Marie is the name of the S-months-old babe, but she will re main incognito so far as her last name Is concerned. Enough it is to the matron of the house and those Junior and senior girls who will in turn assume the role of "student mothers,” that Kathryn Marie Is of a good but destitute Lincoln family. Kathryn Marie's adoption as a part of the household of the practice house was for the purpose of affording col- . lege girls an opportunity to learn first hand the fundamentals of intelligent care of the baby. Six sets of “moth ers” will have been trained by the end of the school year, as six Junior and senior girls in this department have a rotation six weeks' course with Kathryn Marie. Mow They Work uut. Each one of the six co-eds during the practice house course must func tion in one of six positions each week, rotating so that each girl has expe rience in all six of the positions of the course. One girl is to be "baby manager,” and will be responsible for Kathryn Marie’s care that week. She will prepare the baby’s food, see that she is fed according to schedule, bathed each day, clothes laundered and generally taken care of. Miss Marie Fuller, instructor of home eco nomics and director of the house, will personally hover over Kathryn Ma rie to see that the "student mothers" do not go awry. Once or twice a week Kathryn Ma rie will be taken to a clinic at the office of two Lincoln infant special ists and the girls will have an oppor tunity of talking with the doctors and getting an idea of where the baby’s care could have been Improved and by what methods. The doctors will di rect the girls to,the outward signs of improvement and how to regulate diet as Kathryn Marie grows older. Bouncing in a white baby carriage, propelled by a blushing co-ed, Kath ryn Marie already is a favorite on the university campus, around which she is pushed for her dally airing. —4— IDENTIFIED DEFENDANTS AS LEGION MEMBERS Omaha, Neb., Dec. 5.—Identification of a number of defendants and Wit nesses as American Legion members was permitted by Federal Judge Woodrough Friday in the 150,000 damage.suit of F. H. Shoemaker, of New London, Wls., against Harting ton, Neb., citizens whom. Shoemaker charges, abused him after he had made a nor.partisan league speech, in April; 1920. Counsel for Mr. Shoemaker, who alleges tar and feathers were used on him, objected to testimony concerning Amerlcah Legion membership, but the .Court overruled him, declaring that to rule such testimony out would "obscure the facts." PAIR HELD FOR ROBBING AGED COUPLE Hastings, Neb., Dec. 5.—Advised that the residence of Lars Swenson, a retired farmer living at Holdrege, was looted of over 19,000 worth of securities, the Hastings police took John Ray and Charles Reynolds from Burlington No. 6 here and found the loot on the men. % Handcuffed together they were taken to Holdrege by Chief Bragg of that place to face charges. Mr. and Mrs. Swenson wero awakened about mld,nlght by a flashlight play ing on their faces. One of the robbers held the light and the other covered them with a revolver and demanded where the money was and threaten ing to kill them. The robbers then tied Mr. and Mrs. Swenson with a clothes line and strips which they tore from the pillow cases. The securities were in a small safe in the basement. The robbers broken open the sufe and obtained the loot? Mr. andi Mrs. Swenson were left tied hand and foot. Mr. Swenson managed to release himself after the robbers had left and went to the home of Henning Larson, who noti fied the police by phone. Tho rob bery wap timed so that the robbers could Just make No. 6 for a getaway. The robbers worked in the vicinity during the summer. Mr. and Mrs. Swenson are about 70 years old. John Ray gave his age to the police as 20 and Charles Reynolds says he is 22. "YOUNGEST YANK’8” BRIDE DROP8 ALIENATION SUIT Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 5.—Suit for 125,000 from J. R. Burleigh, her fatherlnlaw, for the alleged alienation of the affections of her husband, Ray mond Burleigh, “youngest Yank" in the “world war, has been dismissed in the district court here. Attorneys say Burleigh and his child wife have become reconciled, and ure living together in Alliance! Neb., where he has a railroad job. —♦— PLUCKV WOMAN IN BATTLE WITH BANDIT Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 3.—When Miss Grace Brown, 20, scuffled with u negro holdup who grabbed her purse the negro pressed a revolver to her heart and pulled fhe trt*ger. The gun clicked and misfired. By that time. Frank Edwards, her escort, stopped a passing auto and the negro fled, leaving the purse be hind. TRIED TO KIDNAP SCHOOLTEACHER' Former Sweetheart of Young Woman at Albion, Neb., Must Face Trial on This Charge. Albion, Neb., Dec. 2.—Karl Kin cannon. who It is charged attempted to kidnap Miss Ophal Killion, teach er in the Bradish school, will prob ably be given a preliminary hearing this week. ICincannon escaped, but was cap tured 6y Sheriff F. S. Willot. at his home about five miles south of Al bion, and is now in the Boone county jail. Klncannon was a former sweet heart of his alleged victim. NEBRASKA BOY WINNER OF JUDGING CONTE8T Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 2.—The $400 scholarship offered by the American Jersey Cattle club for the highest lndividiual score in Judging Jersey cattle at the national dairy show held at Minneapolis, Minn., has been awarded to Milo G. Sherman, a junior in the Nebraska Agric ultural college and a member of the dairy judging team. It is announced by college of ficials. Mr. Sherman also is a mem* ber of the ’Variety Dairy club. PLACED ON TRIAL Another Employe of Defunct Institution Tells How Kay A. * Lower Manipulated Its Funds. Wahoo, Neb., Nov. 30 (Special).— Hay A. Lower, former cashier of the State Bank of Valparaiso, Is on trial here charged with having embezzled $23,160 of the bank’s money. It went broke shortly after Lower was forced to retire. J. B. Tomes, assistant cashier, testified that although Low er drew but $175 a month and had no other business, in two years his per sonal account showed credits of over $264,000. The state charges that he drew drafts On his father’s bank at Verdon, credited the proceeds to his personal account, and then when the Verdon bank drew a draft in order to square accounts the bank paid out the money. C. H. Slama, who defended Lower at a former trial on another charge, is not defending him this time. Mr. Slama says that Mrs. Lower gave him a chattel mortgage on her $8,000 worth of diamonds that she said were in a vault in another Valparaiso bank. He called up the banker, and the lat ter said he hd seen the dalamonds, and that she had put in the vault an envelope which he believed con tained them. Later, when Slama wanted a look at the diamonds he found the envelope contained glass Imitations. He got half of his fee later, and declined to go on with the case. RAILROADS SOON TO PAY THEIR TAXES Lincoln, Neb., Nov. 30 (Special).— The pressure on the state treasury is to be relieved shortly. The Union Pacific will pay its $2,200,000 taxes within the next day or two, and the Burlington, which will contribute $1, 700,000 will do likewise. The North western and Rock Island, which have gone to court about it, will pay 60 per cent, of what is assessed against them, that being the sum they do not dispute. The remainder of the roads will pay in full. The treasury is now about $2,000,000 behind, hav ing invested state capitol funds of that amount in general fund war rants. —^— ENTERS PLEA OF GUiLTY TO SWINDLE CHARGE Omaha, Neb., No$. 30.—Ross P. Johnson, alias Harmon, who swin dled the United States Trust Com pany here out of $5,000 in Liberty bonds, a few months ago, and was later apprehended in Canada, heeded the advice of his wife, pleaded guilty before District Judge A. C. Troup and was sentenced to serve from three to five years in the state penitentiary at Lincoln. He at first refused to plead but nfter a consultation with his wife and the county attorney ngreed to do so, WORLD COMMERCE BODY BACK OF DISARMING Paris, Nov. SO—The executive com mittee of the International chamber of Commerce Tuesday unanimously adopted a resolution declaring "no proposal for a settlement of the gen eral economic position of the world can be effective unless in the first place international disarmament is carried out.” The resolution adds Ihat disarma ment should be the subject of such safeguards as may be deemed neces sary.' It asked the members to urge bn their governments "the imperative necedbity of coming to an agree ment on disarmament." TIEGELER IS PRESIDENT OF MERGED BANKS Fremont Neb., Nov. 30.—Henry Tlegeler, prominent business man and banker, has been chosen president ot the tTnion National bank here, a new institution which 4 combines the Farmers’ and Merchants’ National, the Commercial National and the closed First National banks. The merged banks open for business Thursday morning. - —- -- ■--■=* [Ages of Cold Due to Dust Clouds From the New York Times. A XTnTfT *U__ii__*1__m_Ik. ~ n y>tVi ** A greatest mysteries about the past of the earth has been of fered by Dr. Harlow Shapley, the measurer of the universe, director of t be Harvard observatory. T lls mystery concerns the changes of ilimate over millions of years, which at one time caused the polar lee cup to extend as far south as New York and at ot ler times warmed the arctic region so thoroughly that the animals and vegetation of the tem perate zone could live there, as shown by fossil remains in that region. The earth has been cooled off dur ing long periods,' according to this theory, when the sun, the earth and the other planets were passing through regions of space filled with clouds of dust or dark, nebulous ma terial, which cut oft enough of the sun’s heat to freeze most of the globe. At other times, apparently, the solar system moved through a region of space almost entirely free from such material, so that the sun’s rays beat with fulU/orce on the earth, probably making the polar regions pleasant and the rest of the earth unlivably hot. At present the sun is apparently moving through a part of space thinly scattered with interplanetary ma terials. A few million years ago, according to Dr. Shapley, the earth, the sun and the other planets were moving through a murk which is observed by astrono mers in the constellation of Orion. This is one of many vast black pockets, or "coal sacks,” in the sky, some of which may be detected by the naked eye. Behind this veil in Orion are 70 faint stars which vary in in tensity. They average about 700 light years (about 180,000.000,000,000 miles) from the earth, which is a mod erate distance astronomically, and many of them will probably be very bright,^except for the curtain of dark material hung between them and the earth. The density of the curtain ap parently varies, from the manner in which the stars behind It are flicker ing. At the densest the black nebu lae are believed to be very rare, large stretches of vacuum separating the I particles of matter. Still they are j sufficient, because of the great space they occupy, to hlot out stars, and some astronomers believe the sky would be blindingly brilliant except for the smoky patches. The black spot in Orion is calculated to be vast ly greater than our solar system. In a brief account of his theory in the Journal of Geology, Dr. Shapley said that it is calculated that "a few million years ago our sun was in the vicinity of the Orion nebulae; at its present speed the sun would require nearly 1,000,000 years to pass through that particular nebulous region.” After showing how starlight is cut oft at present by billions of miles of dust clouds in Orion, Dr. Shapley proceed ed to suggest how the earth would fare when our solar system moved through the same region. , “A change of 20 per cent, in the solar radiation,” said Dr. Shapley, "if maintained for a considerable period of years, would sufficiently alter ter restrial temperature to bring about or remove an ice sheet; an 80 per cent, change, unless counteracted by con current changes in the terrestrial at mosphere, would completely desiccate There are apparent flaws in nearly ill the theories which have been put_, orward. None of them account for he many far reaching changes In ilimate indicated by the geological ■ecord. If Dr. Shapley’s theory hold# ;ood, the eaTth passed through it* last lark pocket in space In comparatively ■ecent years, because it Is generally iccepted now that the last glacial jerlod extends almost Into historical limes, the ice cap receded past the ilte of Stockholm, Sweden, only 9,000 rears ago. A period of volcanic activity might muse an age of cold, according to Dr. iV. J. Humphreys, of the United weather bureau. He calls attention to :he fact that the great volcano of romboro, in the Malay archipelago, in 816, darkened the Bky during the day md night for three days for a dls ance of 300 miles and produced & ong season of cold because of the ef ect of the atmospheric dust In Inter iftpting the sun’s rays. If a few vol lanoes went into the action contem joraneously the heat from the sun would be so reduced, according to Dr. Humphreys, that polar ice caps might rradually form. With ice once formed iver a large part of the earth’s ares, he process of warming up again would be very slow, he believes. The rreat surfaces of ice would reflect the leat of the sun as fast a3 it came. IVlth only a small belt at the equator or warm air currents and ocean cur ents to form, the earth might require iges to thaw, although It took only % ihort time to chill. Other theories to account fo* ihanges In temperature Include sun ipots and other changes In the sun which may have damped It dtMwn at >ne period and caused it to burn with treater fury at another; the dust en velope around the sun, visible as the :orona; possible differences In th* lomppsitlon of the earth's atmosphere, which might at one time have checked he sun’s rays; the rising of moun aln ranges, forming centers of cold ind nurseries of cold wind, and their linking with the opposite effect; ihanges In the circulation of the icean with Its climatic Influence. Geological evidences Is supposed to ndicate a continuous succession ol ife on earth for several hundred nllllon years. Plant and animal life nay have been wiped out several Imes by Intense heat or cold, and lave started over again, however, luring the long life of the earth which ias existed with a solid crust for sev iral billion years, according to the nost recent studies. The earth 1# upposed to be only one of billions of lmilar planets that may sustain life. According to one theory held by sci ntlsts, spores or germs of certain ypes may be aloft to the top layer# if the atmospheres of these worlds nd then .repelled by the pressure of ight and other forces, until they es ape from the gravitational control of heir planets. Here they are kept in old storage In space, according to hls account of the origin of life, until hey light on some other planet, where hey start a new train of life. This tuess, which merely shifts the mys ery of the origin of life to another ilanet, has been put forward serl msly In a publication of the Smith sonian institution, and Is no more lapable of proof or disproof than any >ther guess which has been made on he greatest of problems. Sacco and Vanzetti. From the New York Post. Foreign governments have found it difficult enough to comprehend those distinctions between federal and state Jurisdiction of which the Sacco^anzettl case affords an unusually clear example. The British and Canadian governments were perplexed by the affair ef the steamer Caroline in 1837-41 to a degree that made war a possibility. New York state asserted its right to try the Brit ish subject who was accused of burn ing the Caroline in New York waters; and Great Britain demanded of Wash ington that he be released without trial. Happily, the New York Jury acquitted the defendant before diplomacy had exhausted its arts. When three Italian subjects were lynched in New Orleans in Harrison's administration, and Blaine insisted that the Louisiana courts alone had Jursdiction, Italy was ready to rup ture her relations with us. Happily, again, a federal indemnity was ar ranged without offense to Louisiana's sovereignty. The Japanese government has, like most Americans outside Cali fornia, not always understood the authority claimed by California courts. It is not strange that European labor has been unable to see Just why Presi dent Wilson and the department of jus tice could-not deal with the alleged mis carriage of right in the Money affair. It is not very remarkable even that Anatole France and ftomaln Rolland should suggest to President Harding that they impatiently wait his pardon of Sacco and Vanzetti. Of course, though the appeal of Messrs. France and Rolland goes to President Harding, it will really be read by the Massachusetts authorities. The conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti in the superior court at Dedham this summer lias been widely criticised as based upon inadequate circumstantial evidence. Several careful Boston newspaper men who attended the trial of these Italians for the murder of a shoe factory pay master and his guard have said they do not believe the state made out its case. But the Judgment is not final. Argu ments are to begin next week before the state supreme court for a new trial; and the high character of the Massachusetts bench and the fine traditions of the Massachusetts courts offer assurance that full Justice will be done. Why They Smile. From Christian Science Monitor. The war profiteers who succeeded in escaping prosecution for their alleged offenses against the United States gov ernment for three years had Just drawn their first breath of relief when the Senate voted to extend from three years to six years the period during which these actions may be begun. Perhaps, however, they are not greatly disturbed. To the layman, the outsider who does not understand such things, it may seem as easy to gain immunity for six years as for three. The incomprehensible thing about the whole affair is how the al leged offenders have succeeded in es caping punishment if their offenses are half as black as they have been painted. They are said to have been willing con tributors to the campaign fund of the successful party in 1920, and perhaps the peril they see in the new complica tion is the possibility that they will not be immune from a similar asse-sment in the campaign tt 1924. Wholly Economic? From Successful Farming. Governor Miller of New York is quoted In the September 16 issue of the Journal of Commerce as saying at the New York state fair that labor and farmer organ izations are necessary but their sole justification is economic. "When either seeks to exert political power they at tempt that which is hostile to American Institutions and is certain to result to their own advantage.” We can not agree with Governor Mil ler that the sole Justification is econ omic. It should be and is the predom inating excuse for existence, but when the economic laws of transportation and marketing are interfered with by greedy interests then the farmer must get into politics in 'order to get laws to curb these greedy interests. The giutn gamblers could only ibe routed out by law, and the farmers had to take a hand in politics in order to get such a. law. Freight rates \?ere annihilating the profits of certain farm interests and sections. It took a political influence to bring these things to the attention of the powers that be. Take the oleo fight a few years back. Big concerns were putting out a bogus product that masqueraded under the appearance of a well known dairy pro duct. The intent was to defraud the consumers. The farmers had to get into political action to stop this fraud, for this fraud was interfering with the economic laws of supply and demand. We fail to see how the political action of organized farmers is "hostile to American institutions.” If this is so, then other interests that have always had political influence come under the same charge. We believe any Interest is Justified in presenting its case to con gress or a legislature. If there is merit in the contention there is no harm done. If It lacks merit the legislators ar« guilty of neglect if they let it become law. Beer and Vanity 3,000 Years Ago. From the New York World. Breweries and vanity1 boxes of ancient Egypt were must like the same com modities today. This has been proved by the receipts of one of each at the university museum. The vanity box was used by some lady of high degree at Lahun. In upper Egypt about 1,800 B. C. The brewery is a model found in a tomb at Lahun, or Gurab. It is in a small box which was placed near the body of the dead man. All th« vats and other apparatus neces sary for thb brewing of beer were re produced on a smsKl scale, but in exact proportion and in one corner was found a small quantity of barley. The box also contained exquisitely modelled figures of brewery workers. In the same or another tomb the ex plorers found two models of small boats filled with rowers, and fitted with masts and sails. This shows the de ceased carrying a rod and staff, which is unusual. It is a reminder of a phrase in the J3rd psalm which has never been fully understood. It Must Bs So. From the London Mail. "Is pants singular or plural?" "If a man wears ’em it’s plural." "Well? If he doesn’t?" "Its 'singular 1"