THE O'NEILL FRONTIER
D. H. CRONIN. Publish*!-._
gNEILL. NEBRASKA
Id the San Dub valley of Colorado
there la an area of from 400,000 to 500,
000 acres, which has almost completely
been deprived of fertility in a seeming
ly mysterious manner. This condition
has been investigated* by Dr. W. P.
Headden, of the Colorado agricultural
experiment station, and he attributes
this condition to the so-called "black
alkali," composed largely of sodium
carbonate. This carbonate Is carried
in the waters of the valley, including
the rivers and the artesian wells, nod
the practice of subirrigation has
brought It to the surface by capillarity
and evaporation. Dr. Headden sug
gests that the remedy lies in a con
version of the carbonates into sulphates
by the use of a liberal amount of gyp
sum to one pound of black alkali—and
downward washing by means of sur
face irrigation with furrows or by
flooding.
Peat Is so antiseptic and absorbent
that it is used as a dressing for wounds
and is an excellent substitute for medi
cated cotton. This fact-was recognized
many years ago in Europe, where
sphagnum peat is now extensively used
In preparing surgical dressings. Ac
cording to a scientist who has made a
detailed study of peat deposits in th<
northern United States, there are many
square miles of sphagnum bog in the
northern counties of Minnesota, Wis
consin and Michigan that would supply
material suitable for antiseptic appli
cations. It will not be necessary to in
cur the expense of deep excavation, for
immense quantities of sphagnum can
be taken from the upper parts of the
deposits. Sphagnum peat is also abun
dant in Maine, and some is found in
New York and Pennsylvania.
Many efforts have been made recent
ly to make the airplane invisible from
the earth when it is soaring through
the ether. One idea calls for the use
of transparent material, at least for al!
purposes where a canvas covering if
used at present, such as the wings and
the fuselage. One of the latest ideas ol
the kind is said to be an airplane which
WB6J noninflammable celluloid for th«
wings and other parts, and when flying
at a few hundred feet elevation the ap
paratus is quite invisible, according ts
reports. A new muffling box on the
motor serves to deaden the sound. One
advantage of the transparence is thal
observations can be made in all direc
tions. _ _
LIFE INSURANCE
COMPANIES SUFFER
Many New Concerns In Middle
West Are Hard Hit By
the Ravages of
Influenza.
Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 23.—Executives
of Nebraska insurance' companies are
beginning to wear worried looks be
cause of the heavy drain upon their re
sources in the payment of death claims
for influenza. The epidemic has doub
led and trebled the ordinary expendi
tures of these companies to policy hold
ers and one company received 11 in
fluenza death claims in a row. The
surplus built up by the companies |8
calculated to care for the unusual when
it happens, but the deadly character of
the influenza has run the death curve
away beyond anything that any ono
has figured upon.
There have been a number of new
companies started in the middle west
in the last 10 years that have shown
great promise, but they are running
into a piece of hard luck that may foi;ce
them to consolidate with other and
Older contpanies or to reinsure their
risks with these and go out of business.
When the surplus of a mutual com
pany is gone it faces the certainty of
the state stepping In and ordering it to
keep its hands off its reserve accumu
lated for the payment of other claims
not accrued. When a stock company's
surplus has been spent in death claims
the company will be required to make
good its capital or face liquidation.
—4—
PREPARES TO WELCOME
NEBRA8KA SOLDIER BOYS
Norfolk, Neb.. Dec. 23.—N. A. Huse,
vice president of the American Press
Association, en route to New Y^jrk city
from a business trip in San FiW 'isco.
was here Thursday visiting with his
brother. Gene Huse. Mr. Huse was
recently appointed by Governor Neville
to head the state's committee which is
to welcome Nebraska soldiers as they
reach this country from France. Mr.
Huse announces that his committee
has made elaborate arrangements to
welcome soldiers of this state on be
half of Nebraska people and that a
big welcome committee meeting is
now being held in New York for tl\at
purpose. Mr. Huse is arranging to an
nounce by wire Immediately after the
Fourth Nebraska regiment arrives
from France. It is expected that he
will wire the governor immediately
after the Sandstorm division arrives in
this country.
COMPLETE CMS
OF ELECTION VOTE
Constitutional Amendment In
Nebraska Carried By Mar
gin of Over 10,000
Votes.
Lincoln. Neb., Dec. 21.—The formal
canvass of the vote at the November
election has been completed by the
state board. The delay was due to the
fact that soldier ballots were allowed
to be filed until late in November. The
total vote of the state was 226,000, or
76.000 less than in 1916. The consti
tutional convention received 121,000
votes, or 8,000 more than necessary,
and the amendment requiring foreign
bom residents to be full citizens before
»e!ng allowed to vote, had 123,292, or
10.000 majority. Senator Norris re
vived 120,086 votes, to 99,960 for More
liead, and McKelvie got 120,888 to 97,
386 for Neville. The vote on other of
ficers was:
Lieutenant Governor—I’. A. Barrows,
republican. 116,252; W. B. Banning, demo
crat, 93,388; David B. Gilbert, prohibition,
(.529.
Secretary of State— D. W. Amsberry,
republican, 116,038; Hugh L. Cooper, demo
crat, 94,716; George C. Fitch, prohibition,
6,458.
Auditor—George W. Marsh, republican,
119,022; E-P. Mumford, democrat, 90,428;
H. F. Miles, prohibition, 5,283.
Treasurer—D. B. Cropsey, republican,
115,117; J. S. Canaday, democrat, 95,703;
J. J. Vance, prohibition, 4,951.
Attorney General—Clarenoe A. Davls
republiean, 116,314: George W. Berge,
democrat, 94,312; M. 1 Brown, prohibition,
I, 979.
Land Commissioner—Dan Swanson, re
publican, 114,126; G. L. Shumway, demo
crat, 97,157; J. B. Priest, prohibition, 3,962.
Railway Commissioner—H. C. Taylor,
republican, 119,726; E. C. Simmons, demo
crat, 90,443; C. B. Helling, prohibition,
4,027.
Congressional.
The vote for congressional candidates is
as follows:
First District—Reavis, 18,097; Peterson,
10,945.
Second—Jefferis, 13,302; Lobeck, 12,839.
Third—Evans, 22,654; Stephens, 20,903.
Fourth—McLaughlin, 21,041; Smith, 14,
763.
Fifth—Andrews—17,819; Shallenbarger.
17.268.
fclxth—Klnkatd, 28,563; Pool, 17,820.
THREE STATES~w1lL
FIGHT THE GOVERNMENT
Men Who Sold Worthless Note?
to Banks Penalized—Bank
Cannot Recover For
Losses.
Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 20.—The state
insurance board has revoked the li
censes of four Insurance agents, W. C.
Jenkins, J. W. McCarthy, F. C. Gro
vey, and Fred B. Adams, and prohibited
them from writing insurance in the
state for a year. It denies the appli
cation to have the company they rep
resented, the Mutual Benefit, Health
& Accident Association, of Omaha, de
prived of its right to do business in
the state and to have a receiver ap
pointed for the purpose of reimburs
•ng the complaint, the American
State bank, of Chaleo, for $26,000 it
lost on worthless notes the agents sold
the bank. The board says the bank's
loss was due to incompetency of its
own officers; that its cashier, Fred
Armburst, jr., accepted fees from the
agents for investing the bank's funds
in the notes and that $19,000 of them
were bought after the bank had been
warned by the state banking board to
stop the purchase. The bank, also
wanted C. C. Criss, general manager
of the Insurance company, removed
and his license revoked, but the find
ing exonerates him.
LODGE DEMANDS
Massachusettes Senator Asks
That Germany Be Made to
Make Restitution to the Unit
ed States.
Washington, Dec. 23.—Five of Pres
ident Wilson’s 14 principles of jpeace
were help up in the Senate today by
Senator Lodge, the republican leader,
as questions which might lead to divi
sion among the nations which have
conquered Germany, and which cer
tainly should be postponed until after
the peace conference. They relate to
secret diplomacy, freedom of the seas,
economic barriers, reduction of arma
ment and the league of nations.
The senator recalled that no treaty
can become binding upon the United
States without the Senate’s consent,
and declared that untoward results
could be avoided only if the Senate
expressed itself frankly in advance.
"While I think it a grave mistake,”
he said, “on the part of the president
to ignore the Senate, because our ulti
mate responsibility in making the
peace is quite equal to his own, I have
no fault to find with his not appoint
ing senators as delegates to the peace
conference. There is no obligation
whatever upon him to make such ap
pointments. • • • •
“In the present situation,” he said,
“I think it of last importance that those
concerned in the actual negotiation of
the treaty should at least know the
views of the Senate, so far as the post
master general, in control of the cables,
and Mr. Creel, in control of the news,
will permit."
Freedom of Seas.
Old St. Nick
Supreme Boss
Of Paris Now
French Capital Forgets Affairs
of State and Peace and
Catches Holiday Spirit.
By United Press.
Paris, Dec. 23.—Allied diplomats,
caught in the back wash of the Christ
mas tide, are "carrying on” with unof
ficial pourparlers until 1919. Packed p
with the most distinguished gathering
in its history, Paris has joyously ca
pitulated to the holiday spirit. Big
Berthas and Gothas belong to the
stone age. Santa Claus is premier.
The city is illuminated by night and
gay with bunting by day. The victory
flag has been added to the usual
Christmas decorations.
Shops are stuffed with the most fas
cinating and costly of women’s bedizen
ments. Jewelers display the richest
gew-gaws ever seen here. Restaur
ants, expensive and gay, are overflow
ing. The boulevards hold the greatest
throngs sinee the exposition. Tempo
rary toy booths line the sidewalks.
Merchants are hawking mistletoe, holly
and evergreens. Fakers are vending
kamerading rubber kaisers and capitu
lating tin Hun3. Topical songs regard
ing President Wilson and Premier Cle
menceau are being sung in the theaters
and music halls, where S. 8- O. signs
are common. The people appear to
have totally forgotten the war. So
far as they are concerned, peace is al
ready signed.
Earned Right to Smile.
The uninterrupted succession of em
perors, kings, presidents and princes
has become as spectacular as part of a
colossal carnival.
Parisians by their four years’ of ter
rible sacrifices have earned the right
j to be gay. And they are making tly»^^^
! most of that right.
Wilfred Thomason Grenfell. M. D.f
superintendent of the Labrador medical
mission of Royal National Mission of
Deep Sea Fishermen, was born Febru
ary 28, 1863. He fitted out the first
hospital ship for the North sea fisheries,
and cruised with the fishermen from
the Bay of Biscay to Iceland. He es
tablished homes for them on the land
and arranged mission vessels for them
on the sea. Hs went to Labrador In
1892, when ho built four hospitals, a
series of cooperative stores and an
orphanage, and established numerous
small Industrial schemes.
A turbine la a water wheel driven
by the Impact or reaction of a flowing
Stream of water, or by Impact and re
action combined. Turbines are usually
horizontally rotating wheels on a verti
cal shaft. They are of various con
structions, and may be divided into re
action turbines, Impulse turbines and
combined reaction and impulse wheels,
■which Include the best modern type of
turbines. By the modern turbine a very
high percentage of the potential energy
of water Is converted Into work white
(missing through the wheel.
It lias been estimated officially that
the area planted to sea Island and
Amerlean-Egyptlan cotton in 1918 wa«
about 356,000 acres, of which 276,00C
acres are sea Island and 80,000 acres
Egyptian. This compared with 352.00C
acres In 1917. There was a heavy de
crease in the average In the older ses
Island sections in Georgia and Florida
where the boll weevil was very active
and a corresponding increase in tin
Amerlean-Egyptlan acreage In Ari
zona and California.
Great Britain has no document whicl
may be regarded as a constitution
Instead of a paper constitution thert
exists a mass of precedents and con
ventions which serve similar needt
with greater flexibility. No mattei
upon w-hat the thing may be based
the royal power of King George Is nol
absolute. As executive he Is the nom
inal administrator of the decrees o(
parliament, the representative body ol
the lords spiritual, the lords temporal
and the commons.
Corps 18 a PTencn worn, oerivca iruin
the Latin corpus, a body, and means
an organized body of men, either civil
or military, as a police corps, marine
corps, etc. It does not signify any par
ticular number, but an organized body.
In the United States army a corps con
sists of two or more divisions, each
containing three brigades and each bri
gade three regiments. The term first
came Into use in this country during
the civil war period.
The Kaiser Wilhelm canal was offl- I
dally opened June 21, 1895. It Is a lit
tle more than 61 miles In length and for
the easterly part of Its course follows
the line of the old Eider canal. It Is
187 feet wide at the water surface and
72 feet at the bottom, with a depth of
29 feet six Inches. The total cost of
the canal was 839,000,000.
At a weddine in the hospital at Camp
Upton, the groom was suffering from
Influenza and pneumonia, and the en
tire bridal party, with the exception of
the bridegroom, wore sanitary masks,
and were covered from head to foot in
protecting garments.
There are but three kisses mentioned
In the gospels—the one of betrayal, by
Judas; the one of adoration, by the
Magdalen; the one of reconciliation, by
the father of the prodigal son.
The armor of the motor cars used in
the war ranges from three-sixteenths
to a quarter of an Inch In thickness,
and Is impervious to rifle and ma
chine gun fire.
The Caiman islands, dependencies oj
Jamaica, are the .turtle hunters' para
dise. The largest of the group. Grand
Caiman, lias the finest turtle fisheries
in the world.
American records for daily produc
tion of ammunition for rifles and pis
tols were broken on a recent dav, when
approximately 27,000.000 cartridges of
every description were produced in
plants for Uni le Sam's Boldiers In
France. _
In the middle ages pepper was a very
costly condiment. So much was It val
ued that a small packet was deemed a
suitable present for a noted person.
Probably a record without parallel is
that of Antonio Mango, a soldier of
the Italian army, who has received no
fewer than 101 wounds In the war.
inirun I nn i LcuioLnnvn
PROPOSED IN NEBRASKA
,
Lincoln, N«b., Dee. 23.—The bien
nial report of State Auditor Smith,
submitted to the governor, contains a
recommendation that all bonds issued
in Nebraska be exempted rrom taxa
tion. All bonds are now listed, and
Mr. Smith suggests this as a method of
Inducing heavier Investments in secu
rities Issued in the state. During the
last two years the state collected the
sum of $15,026,000 from taxes and other
sources, and ends the biennium with
$1,392,000 on hand, or $100,000 more
than it had when it began. Nebraska’s
permanent school fund now amounts to
$10,575,000 and is invested in the se
curities of the various political subdi
visions of the state.
H. C. Lindsay, clerk of the supreme
court and state librarian, in his report
to the governor declares that the need
of a new capitol building is urgent, as
the present unsanitary and poorly built
structure is a constant menace to the
many valuable reords and books In his
custody. He says that nearly every
memberof the last legislature was for a
new capitol, but that It was killed in
the closing hours by a combination of
petty Jealousies and personalities.
AMERICANS HAD ALL
KISSING THEY WANTED
Norfolk, Neb., Dec. 23.—"They kissed
and hugged us until we became so em
barrassed that we turned in,” so writes
Lieut. E. H. Nightingale, of Norfolk,
who is now enroute home from over
seas and who tells of the wild days
that followed in a French city whc-re
he was billetted after the armistice
was signed. Nightingale states that
the celebration was marked by pa
rades which followed upon the ap
pearance of any American soldier on
the streets. Half of the music was
American.
"What impressed me most was the
sincere credit the French people gave
1 to the American people for the winning
of the war." this lieutenant says.
—♦
TOWN'S NAME CHANGED
TO HONOR ITS HERO
Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 23.—Germantown,
a little town in Seward county, has
gone American and changed its name
lo Garland, it was necessary to insti
tute court proceedings for that pur
pose, and now the decree has gone
forth. The old name of “Germantown”
will be painted out of all stores, the
station and the bank, and "Garland” re
place it. Nearly every resident of the
town is of German blood, but the town
ship was represented in the army by
more than its percentage. Raymond
Garland was the first of the German
town boys to sacrifice his life on the
battlefields of Europe, and the new
name is in recognition of that fact.
'—+■—
We are all cutting off non-essen
tials. It is the spirit of the hour. Do
you have a “spare room" in your home
which might be profitably rented to a
desirable tenant? Use the classified.
You’ll be able to find the right person,
and to realize an additional Income
without any additional investment.
OLD JAIL BUILDING
18 FINALLY DEMOLISHED
Fremont, Neb., Dec. 23.—The old
Dodge county jail has disappeared.
The job of wrecking it was completed
just uhead of the rainstorm last eve
ning. The county will at once smooth
up the ground; A suggestion has been
made that the county vote bonds to
erect a memorial to Dodge county sol
diers on the site.
Andrew Carnegie was 83 years old
last week.
Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 21.—Judge Hen
derson, corporation counsel of Iowa,
and Oliver Sweet, assistant attorney
general of South Dakota, were in con
sultation all day Thursday with the
members of the state railway commis
sion preparing for an assault upon the
new express rate schedules that the
director general of the railways Is
about to put-Into effect. The three
states are the only ones that do not
have the zone system of rates, and
they have refused the requests of the
express companies in times past to
increase rates, claiming that the in
trastate business is remunerative at
the present rates. The Nebraska com
mission has challeneged the right of
the federal government to make rail
road rates within the borders of Ne
braska in two cases, one in federal
court and one In the state courts, and
the qeustions involved fit the express
rate controversy. Iowa and South Da
kota will assist in fighting the battel
Nebraska has declared.
The federal government declares
that the president has the right, as a
war measure and for the purpose of
preventing interference with the move
ment of traffic, the right to do any
thing reasonably calculated to produce
that result, while the state commis
sions say that the act of congress is
the only power upon which the presi
dent may predicate his actions, and
that this gives him no such power,
but, on the contrary, excepts purely
state rate questions.
A
NEBRASKA POLITICIAN
DEAD IN BALTIMORE
Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 21.—Dr. H. J.
Winnett, a member of the first state
railway commission of Nebraska, died
Thursday at Baltimore, where he had
gone to be operated upon for a cancer
ous growth. Ho was 72 years of age
and unable physically to recover from
the shock. Dr. Winnett started out
early in life to become a physician,
but soon after he secured his diploma,
he was ordered to the mountains be
cause of threatened tubercular trouble.
There he made a fortune in sheep
NORFOLK POSTMASTERSHIP
MUCH SOUGHT FOR
Norfolk, Neb., Dec. 21.—Twelve per
sons, at least one woman, have made
application for the postmastership of
Norfolk. This office was made vacant
by the death of the late Andrew G.
Nelson, and under the new ruling the
office will be filled through the civil
service. Several prominent political
workers appear to be applicanst for
the office. All association blanks were
to be in Washington Tuesday, Decem
ber 17, on which date the civil ser
vice commission announced the exam
inations would be closed. The papers
are to be graded in Washington, but
it is expected that it will require sev
eral weeks before a postmaster is
named. Acting Postmaster U. J.
Boehnke is one of the applicants.
YARDMA8TER SLUGGED
BY CAR THIEVES
Norfolk, Neb., Dec. 21.—Perry Co
vert, night yardmaster for the North
western, was slugged while in the rail
road yards by an unknown person,
who Is believed to have endeavored to
break into a refrigerator car. Covert’s
injuries are not serious.
—♦—
JOE STECHER BACK
TO PRIVATE LIFE
Chicago, Dec. 21.—Twenty pounds
heavier than when he joined the ser
vice Joe Stecher, claimant of the
world’s heavyweight wrestling cham
pionship, received his discharge from
the navy at the Great Lakes naval
training station yesterday and depart
ed for his home in Dodge, Neb.
Stecher, weighing 220 pounds, said
he was in the best condition of his ca
reer. He plans to rest for several
weehe before accepting engagements.
CONFER WITH FARMERS
Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 20.—Governor
elect McKelvie has c&lled a meeting of
representatives of all of the agricul
tural associations for December 30. He
desires to confer with them as to the
kind of a legislative program the farm
ing interests of the state desire. This
is in accord with a promise he had
made during the campaign. Mr. Mc
Kelvie is editor of a widely circulated
farm paper.
The governor has an agricultural
policy of his own that he has prepared
to submit to the farmers as what the
state should undertake. This Includes
better marketing facilities that will en
able the producer and the consumer
to meet across the counter, the ad
mission of co-operative farm associa
tions to the terminal markets and
board of trade at terminal points, the
breaking up of the existing land mo
nopoly by a graduated tax on land,
adequate land leases, rural school de
velopment, formation of rural credits
associations and encouragement of co
operative enterprises.
Mr. McKelvie says that the farmer
has been selling too many years at the
other fellow’s price, and that legisla
tion should be enacted that will remove
the unnecessary, costly and uneconomic
agencies that have contributed to the
cost of commodities without increasing
the return to the producer. With the
barriers removed he says co-operation
will overcome the Inequalities and give
the farmer an even break.
RAIL CROSSINGS’ WILL
HAVE CL08E ATTENTION
Lincoln, Neb., Det*. 20. — Railway
Commissioner Hall has gone to Thurs
ton and Dakota counties to investi
gate and pass upon complaints that
several crossings maintained by the
Burlington on its Sioux City line are
menaces to the traveling public. One
of these in Thurston county is locally
known as “Dead Man's Crossing,” and
several persons have been killed there
because of their being taken unaware
by trains impossible to see approach
ing. The situation at Homer has been
before the commission at a previous
date, and it will be necessary to iron
out differences of opinion between citi
zens and farmers wno use the bridge
into town as to what improvements
shall be made by the railroad. There
is a footbridge located at an unpop
ular point, and this has led hurried
citizens to use the railroad right of
way with resultant funerals.
DIED FROM WOUNDS
SUSTAINED LAST JULY
Laurel, Neb., Dec. 20. — Word has
just been received here of the death
of William Stukas in an American hos
pital at Tours, France, as a result of
wounds sutained In the drive of July
18. The young man was 25, and a son
of Mr. and Mrs. W. D. Stukas, of
Laurel. He went over in the spring
of 1917, and was with Co. F, 16th in
fantry, and was among the American
troops that paraded the streets of Paris
on the Fourth of July that year.
The parents have up to this time re
ceived no notice whatever from the
government in reference to the boy’s
condition, bur what they learned from
unofficial sources led them to think
that he would recover, and they were
expecting him home soon with other
wounded soldiers.
TWO CONVICTS TO GAIN
FREEDOM NEXT MAY
Lincoln, Neb., Dec. 20.—The board of
pardons has recommended that the
state give a Christmas present to two
life convicts in the penitentiary in the
form of commutations of sentences that
will leave them their freedom early in
May of next year. The two men thus
selected have been in the prison for
nearly eight years, and answer to the
names of Lewis Keezer and Isadore
Stizman. The two men are brothers
inlaw. They were working in a stone
quarry with a number of other men at
Cedar Creek, Cass county, when they
became involved in a drunken quarrel.
A man was killed. They denied guilt,
but were convioted on the theory that
the killing was done for purposes of
robbery. They have made records as
tractable convicts.
Australian commercial and financial In
terests are making plans to connect Aus
tralia with London and other parts of
the British empire by commercial air
planes.
The novel plea that a shorter work day
would provide employment for returning
soldiers won a strike conducted by the
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of
America.
Salt Lake City thinks it pays more for
food than any other city In the country.
It calls attention to the fact that It pays
76 cents a pound for butter, and 16 cent*
each for grape fruit.
in nis discussion oi me nrauum
the seas, the senator called attention
to the “strange development” in con
nection with the pending naval appro
priation bill and the advocacy by Rear
Admiral Badger of the program call
ing for a navy as large as that of
England by 1925. He said he thought
he had favored building more ships
than anybody else, but that he never
had contemplated such a program, and
did not think it necessary.
"The only naval danger that we were
obliged to consider in the past on the
Atlantic coast has ceased to be. We
need a powerful fleet in the Pacific, and
I feel sure we will have a navy suffi
cient to furnish that fleet to the western
coast.”
Of suggestions that a great navy is
needed for police duty in connection
with the league of nations, the senator
said he would "not stop to ask who is
to order that navy about the world.”
Mr. Lodge said he would be glad if
the Senate debates oil peace were sup
plemented by some definite resolutions
expressing views on important points.
Peace being our object, terms must
be exacted which will make It, so far
Is human foresight goes, impossible for
Germany to break out again upon the
world. This can not be done by treaty
engagements and signatures to docu
ments.
Pledge Worthless.
At this Juncture of affairs Germany
would sign anything and her pledge
would be as worthless as the guaran
tees she gave to Belgium. It is well
also to remember that Germany did not
change its nature overnight when the
kaiser ran away to Holland. The deep
rooted ambition, the evil principles
carefully instilled for half a century,
the barbarous methods and doctrines
all remained unaltered. I do not need
to rehearse what those physical guar
antees should be, for I have stated my
views upon them more than once to
the Senate, and I think there is gen
eral agreement upon them not only in
the Senate, but among'the American
people. They include the restoration
of Belgium, the return of Alsace-Lor
raine to France, of the Italia-Irredenta
to Italy, the establishment of a Jugo
slav state and of an independent state
formed by the Czecho-Slovaks. They
include also the security of Greece; the
settlement of Albania and Montenegro;
the restoration of Rumania; the con
solidation of all the Rumanian people
under one government as well as the
neutralization of the straits; the put
ting of Constantinople under interna
tional protection with Greece perhaps
as the mandatory of the powers to ad
minister the affairs of the city; the in
dependence of Armenia; the return of
those portions of Asia Minor where
Greeks are predominant to Greece; the
protection of Syria and Palestine from
the Turks; a large, powerful and in
dependent Polish state: in the indepen
dence of Russia’s Baltic provinces; the
return of Danish Slesvig to the Danes,
and the neutralization of the Kiel
canal.
Must Pay Indemnities.
"These physical guarantees which I
have thus far suggested all have one
object and that is so to hem Germany
in that she cannot attempt conquest in
Russia or the east and that the Slavic
populations which she has mercilessly
used in her wars, can never be so used
by her again.
“In addition to these guarantees
there must be heavy indemities paid
by Germany for the ruin she has
wrought in Belgium and northern
France and in Italy and for her de
struction of vesels, both neutral and
belligerent through the use of sub
marines. In those indemnities the
United States must have its proper
and proportionate share, not only di
rect indemnity for its ships destroyed
by submarines and its people murdered
on the Lusitania and other vessels, but
a suitable restitution, in part at least,
of the vast expenses forced upon us
by Germany.
"It will be for the peace conference
to determine what disposition should
be made of the German colonies, but
one thing is essential and that is they
should not be returned to the tyranni
cal nongovernment of Germany and
that she should be derived of those
means for extending her commerce and
building up military outposts in all
parts of the world.”
League of Nations.
“Of the league of nations, Senator
Lodge said no definite plan has yet
been put forth that would not cause
Indefinite controversy.
"The attempt to form now a league
nations with power to enforce its
decrees, he said, "can tenC only to em
barrass the peace that we ought to
make it once with Germany. If it were
successful and » * • were to come
before the Senate it might endanger
the peace treaty and force amend
ments. * • •
"Are we prepared to allow any as
sociation of nations by a majority vote
to order the troops and ships of the
United States to go to war? Unless
we are prepared to do so, we are not
prepared to join a league of nations
which is going to enforce peace."
In urging postponement of the ques
tion of the freedom of the seas, Senator
Lodge said, it was another undefined
question, and added:
“It means abandonmeent of the bel
ligerent right of blockade, I think the
United States will hesitate before it
abandons a weapon absolutely neces
sary for its own safety. I cannot im
agine that England would for a mo
ment think of abandoning the belliger
ent right of blockade.” ^
Discussing secret diplomacy, the sen- ^
ator said, this point of President Wil- ^
son's need not be incorporated in the
peace treaty because secret treaties
never have and cannot exist in this
country.
Urging postponement of action on the
matter of economic barriefs he said.
"it opens a wide field of discussion,”
and "its settlement is not In the least
essential to ending the war by a peace
with Germany. We can make that
peace without determining at this mo
ment what we shall do with our tariffs,
in the making of which every nation
ought to have entire freedom."
The Russian Problem.
Russia, Senator Lodge declared, pre
sents an important problem in connec
tion with the world peace and recon
struction which cannot be shirked. All
civilized nations, he urged, must aid
in restoration of Russia.
"We have no present government in
Russia,” he said, "with which any one
can deal intelligently. The thing that
calls itself a government is no more
fit to be dealt with in negotiation, than
a band of anthropoid apes. There is
nothing that seems to indicate that the
Russian people hat^ the power to ex-(
Prussia. Unfortunately they are sc
few that it is greatly to be feared that
they are wholly inadequate for the
work they may have to do.”
NEW CREDIT TO ENGLAND
-.
Total Loans to Allies Now Reach Eight
and One Half Million.
By United Press.
Washington, D. C., Dec. 23.—A new
credit of $250,000,000 was established in
favor of Great Britain by the treasury
today. Great Britain’s indebtedness
r.ow is $4,195,000,000, and the total loans
to all allies, $8,464,542,702. The new
credit to Great Britain was established
under an agreement of the British gov
ernment to furnish an equal amount to
I the American expeditionary forces.
Why such a technical transfer of
funds was classed as a loan by the
treasury was not explained.
GOES TO FEDERAL COURT
Government Seeks Dismissal of Appli
cation For Injunction.
By Associated Press.
New York, Dec. 21.—The government
resorted to the federal court here today
to bring about a dismissal of the In
junction proceedings begun by the
Commercial Cable Company and the
Commercial Pacific Cable Company,
against Postmaster General Burleson
and Newcomb Carlton, to prevent gov
ernment ownership of the cables owned
by these companies.
Harold Harper, an assistant federal
attorney, filed a motion attaching the
jurisdiction of the court, because the
cables were taken over by President \
Wilson in furtherance of the war power j
conferred on him by congress. w
Argument on Mr. Harper’s motion '
was set for December 27.
CONDITION OF BANKS.
New York, Dec. 21.—The actual con
dition of clearing house banks and
trust companies for the week shows
that they hold $59,691,750 reserve in
excess of legal requirements. This is
an increase of $19,822,240 for last week.
The British Columbia Employers’ Or
ganization has been established to co
operate with organised labor.