VIEWING RUINS IN AND BEHIND YPRES ^Tillages of New Shacks to House Refugees Have Sprung Up at Cross Roads. BY LOWELL MELLETT. United Press Staff (Correspondent. With the Amertcan Army in France. ale says more fathers come ftl the manual Ichor than In any other of the 20 main groups. The next largest father group Is that of “salesmen.” with 200 numbers. The largest single group is that of carpenters, with 101 members. Of the 46 cases where mothers are re ported h» working outside the home. 31 are housekeepers or cooks, or work in laur.drl os Tile emerald Improves in color by exposure to light. Fearls kept in darkness lose their luster, but regain it on exposure to the s uu. JUAREZ, MEXICO, IS PORT OF MISSING MEN Many Americans Have Crossed Border There Never to Be Heard of Again. Juare*, Mexieo--Thls Is the port of missing men. Many Americans have crossed the shaky, wooden bridge to this little adobe town who have never been seen nor heard of again. The files of the United States consulate here are filled with letters from mothers, wives and other relatives asking for infor mation about men who have dis appeared somewhere in Mexico. Many were killed fighting with the various revolutionary forces during the six years’ war. Others were murdered for their money on the Calle Diablo—• Street of the Devil, or were killed by bandits who rove over the country en forcing the law of the six shooter. Still others are living out their lives In some mountain settlement under assumed names, often With native families. Tom Kingsherry’s name was the lat est addition to the long list of those men “missing in Mexifeo," KtngSberry was foreman for the Potomas Land & Cattle Co., of Los Angeles. He left for an Inspection of the cattle ranches west of here and has not been heard from Since. Mexicans here whisper of a feud existing between the Palomas cowboys and Jose Ynez Salazar’s band of out laws. Salazar was killed at the head quarters ranch of the Palomas com pany. , That was where Kingsberry dis appeared a year later. Kor months the body of- an Ameri can swayed in the wind suspended from a telegraph pole at Rancheria, south of here. He was caught dyna miting bridges and hanged by the fed eral railroad guards. He was never identified. Many Americans are known to have been executed in the cemetery on the hill. Few were given an op portunity to notify their relatives. RUSSIA A VICTIM OF GERMAN KULTUR From the New Europe. No one imagines that the Russian debacle was entirely the result of Ger man propaganda, or that it was due to the plotting of a few Individuals. We could go back to Empress Catherine if we liked, but perhaps it would be bet ter if we examined the Russian fabric of the past 30 years or so. The Rus-. sian newspaper Vecerni Cas (March 18) reproached the allies for their ig norance of Russia, for which "they very dearly, and we even more dearly;” and in the coruse of this ar ticle the writer says: The Germans have made a thor ough study of Russia. During the past 20 or 30 years, when it be came clear that an armed collision was inevitable, the Germans in formed themselves of the whole re sources of our country, and entered into the war with us armed not alone with guns but also with a most detailed knowledge of our in dustrial, economic and intellectual life; not to mention the fact that during the past 30 years the whole of Russian science and almost all our Intellectual activity lived and developed under the domineering influence of the German mind. ‘Our jurisprudence is German, our phil ology Is German, while our so cialism also bears the stamp— "Made in Germany.” The statement is worth studying, and particularly the last part of It. We may detest kultur as we detest poi son gas, which, however, we did not hesitate to use ourselves when the military need for It became urgent; how much more reason is there to op pose German kulture. which we con sider a detestable thing, with our own culture, which we consider a noble thing. Before the war we were perhaps a little too contemptuous of Ideas; we took our soap too much for granted. And yet there Is such a thing as Anglo Saxon civilization, Anglo-Saxon polit ical freedom, Anglo-Saxon democracy. England has more original genius, but the Germans are the great adapters and go in for cumulative effects, im pressing outsiders •by it he pressure' of : sheer weight,' not unlike their tactloa in the baittlefleld. Like ancient Egypt, modern Germany goes In for the kolos aal. German education and science, In particular, gained a pyramidal reputa tion In Russia by its colossal and sys tematic thorough (less: Russia was just near enough to see the tops of the German cultural pyramids, gilded, like their Egyptian prototypes, to catch the sunlight, and hiding by their sheer size the finer and more exquisite cul tural monuments of England and France. The deepest Ignorance prevails In Russia regarding English conditions and problems. English political insti tutions, their evolutionary and demo cratic character, institutions which for man integral part of Anglo-Saxon culture hardly less pyramidal than Germany’s more vulgar monuments, the Russians are almost ignorant of. At thts moment the impression pre vails in Russia that England is an im perialistic country, holding her large and numerous colonies in subjugation. GREEK CHARGED WITH TAKING_ROYAL PLACQUE From the Washington Times. Oeorge Haidiarakos, Greek, was ar rested by the police on the charge of the larceny of a silver placque. esti mated to be worth 140.000, said to have been an heirloom of the royal Greek family, from Thomas Tripolitis. also a Greek, of Chicago. Haidiarakos was i arrested in Scranton, Ha. Haidiarakos say3 ho is (he owner the silver art treasure, claiming it be longed to Ills wife. who. he said, is of royal ancestry. He said the placque had been in her family since 1422 and was brought to the United States from Constantinople by himself and two other Greeks at the outbreak of the war. Tripolitis claims the plaegue was taken from George E. Mason, of Chi cago. to whom he had intrusted it to be i.cjd. DASHES THROUGH STEAM TO PREVENT A WRECK From the New York Wolrd. Cumberland, Md.—The heroic act of £. W. Bennett, in rushing through scalding steam to save a Baltimore & Ohio passenger train from crashing in to a wreck of another passenger train just east of Newburg, prevented a sec ond disaster. In the wreck the engi neer was killed and the other members of the train injured. When Bennett flagged the oncoming train the engineer threw on the emer gency brakes. The helping engine of the first train had Jumped the tracks, derailing tii« 1 smoking and baggage cars. THE poor condition of seed com In the northern Corn Belt will no doubt result In a very poor stand of com In many fields. In some cases entire fields will have to be replant*!. Many farmers cannot replant because of the scarcity of seed, and substitute crops must be planted or the land will remain Idle. In this emergency the growing of millet, sorghum, or even Sudan grass. Is worthy of consideration. Perhaps the best of these substitutes for the northern Corn Belt Is sorghum. The Early Amber variety Is ghod for either syrup or forage purposes. Other good varieties ore the Orange, lied Top, and Gooseneck. For growing as 'forage, sorghnm can be sown as late as August 1, and will make more or less ;of an enormous growth, depending upon the soil and season. When grown for hay it may be sown broadcast or with a grain drill, using from 50 to 70 pounds of seed to the acre. Or it can be sown In rows like com. using Z.jva five to ten pounds of seed per F acre, cultivated and cut for silage with a corn binder. ’> When' used ns silage It should be cut when the seed begins to har- ,! den. For silage it Is nearly equal to corn i and under good grow- $ lng conditions will pro- $ iduce more tons to the j acre. ill When sowed for hay '? it should be cut with a |! grain binder and shock- ;] ed. Later it can be | hauled to the barn or feed lot and put In the | mow or stacked, to be l fed whole or run through a cutting box. * As it is hard to cure, it Jj may be best to leave it J outside in snocits or a ■— ■ rr.. . —■..w-...— small stack, us the Foxtail Millet—Can Be Sown After Wheat and Oata weather does not dam- Are Harvested—Make* Good Catch Crop, age It. There are two types of millet—the broom corn type, which has spreading heads, and the foxtail type, which has one spike head. : Millet can be sown ns late as July as a catch crop. It con be sown after wheat and oats are harvested. Use about three pecks of seed to the aero and ( cut for hay when the heads begin to show. Sudap grass Is as yet new to the Corn Belt., It belongs tp the sorghum family. It'may be sown broadcast, or drilled,'nnd it makes no difference in the yield of hay whether 10 pounds or HO pounds of seed are sown to the acre, rs It Is a great stooler. ! Sudan grass can be sown as late ns July 15 or 20, nnd the early seeding sometimes makes two cuttings. It should be cut ns soon as the bloom begins to drop and handled the same as sorghum. Jf the weather Is hot and dry It can be cured Into hay and stored. j In securing Sudan grass seed care must be taken to make sure you do not get Johnson grass seed Instead. Johnson grass ts a great pest and Its seed so closely resembles the seed of Budan grass that the average person cannot tell the difference. --- Social Invention. j H. Addington Bruce, in 1 The world has always been In need of great social Inventors, i More than ever it will need them to solve the stupendous soctal problems certain to develop after the great war. There can be no return to pre-war social conditions, with the injustices which the war has brought so sharply Into relief. But other' Injustices—even confu sion amounting to chaos—may develop In the absence of truly efficient plans tor social reconstruction. Russia’s present plight Is ample Indica tion of this. Russia was a land of privileged tyranny. Socially It was an architectural abomina tion. Master minds were Indispensable to make It a pleasing place wherein to dwell. Master minds doubtless were available. Alas! They had not been giving sufficient thought to Russia’s soplal problem. .And. the'task of reconstruction fell to vision aries unequal to it. We must take warning from Russia’s sufferings. In our own land sundry so cial readustments are inevitable. If their working out Is left to men who feel keenly but think thinly can we hope for a real betterment? Borne years ago Louis D. Brandels. r.ow Justice Brandels. of the United States supreme court, made a statement much to the point at the time he made it and still more to the point today. Said Mr. Brandels: There ate vital economic, social and Industrial problems to be solved. And for these we need our ablest men. The reason why we have not made more progress in social matters Is that these problems have not been the Chicago Daily News. 'tackled by the practical men of high ability, like those who hare worked on Industrial inventions and enterprises. Yet, if in the past "practical men of high ability” as a rule have failed to tackle social problems, they are not alto gether^ be blamed. , The spirit of the past has been exces sively Individualistic and to an Inordinate extent materialistic. Accomplishment for self, gain for self, pleasure for self has been the teaching of our yesterdays. Under such teaching the social sense was of necessity well night stifled. But circumstances are now compelling new views of the meaning and responsi bilities of life. The old selfish Individual ism Invites social disaster. "Practical men of high ability" must turn their thoughts to social rebuilding or perish In the ruins, of Society. That Is the-situation which confronts them. It will not avail to dlsmlsa with bitter, contemptuous words the murmurings and protests of those oppressed In the present social order. The justice of the protests must be appreciated, and earnest thought given by the best trained thinkers to the devising of effective social reforms. Again I quote Justice Braudels: There is no such thing as freedom for a man who under normal condi tions Is not financially free. We must therefore find means to create in the individual financial inde pendence against sickness, accidents unemployment, old age and the dread of leaving his family destitute if he suffers premature death. Kor we have become practically a world of employes. ARMY TURNING OUT COOKS RY WHOLESALE School at Camp Bowie Fits Men to Prepare Wholesome Food For Soldiers. — Fort Worth. Tex.—Nine hundred! skilled cooks, trained for overseas duty,! have been graduated (p classes or SOU fropj *-he Stivercunent school for cooks j arid bakers, the'largest school of Its! kind in the country, which Is being' conducted at Camp Howie here under | command of Captain Fred H, Morrell. | Students graduating must reacl\ the | following standard: Practical work, j 50 per cent; recitation and theory, 20 per cent; care of kitchen, 18 per cent; discipline, 15 per cent The majority of those graduated have been taken from the course for second cooks, with first cooks next in number and mess ser geants third. The course Includes lectures and in struction on rations, bills of faro component parts, field specifications, preparation, sanitation, temperatures, mess management, stock sheets, field j cooking, recipes and visits to the pack - I ing houses here. An understanding of I food values moat needed to suit con- ' dttions existing In various places is being drilled into the students Great attention aUto is given to food conaervaUOtf. The army must not waste and cooks are taught to throw all particles of meat and bone Into a 20-gallon pot where the mixture is j boiled and the fat rendered. The stock | Is then used for gravies and soups. | Some companle.) here require the; msn to weigh what Is left ton their plates and the amount Is deducted from the next meal, thus adjusting the j food needed to their appetites. The sanitation course requires the mess officers to keep kitchen, mess hail. refrigerators, oveiui and cooking utensils hygenlcally clean. This ap plies to tables and floors. How to set the tables is an important part of the study. Experiments are conducted to devise means of using substitutes for flour, such as oatmeal, cornmeal, and rice flour. Use of sirup instead of sugar wherever possible is encouraged. “Food wastage,” said Captain Morrell “is not always the fault of the soldier at the mess table. The cook is often to blame. If he doesn't cook the food right, it will be distasteful to the men and they will refuse to eal all set tie fore them. The well cooked menl put* the men in good spirits its well as help ing physically." A record of fOod conservation was kept, at the detention camp where the recruits are quartered and fn. inder 1>je Tlirection of Oolite**. .'.Jorrei; Of 72,179 pounds of flour allowed the camp In 14 days, only 36,16a pounds were used and yet every man had all the bread he desired. "KAISER” BURNS CHILD. From the New York World. "Down with the kaiser!” shouted a group of children in front of No. 229 Kast One Hundred and Klghth street, which is in the heart of the Harlem Italian colony. They were dancing about an effigy of the Herman em peror which had been left over from a bloek party held the previous evening by young Americans of Italian descent who were departing tor camp. The children had seized the dummy and aet it afire. Josephine Salvaggio. 5 years, whose home was In the house In front of which the kaiser flamed, danced toe close to the blaze. Her skirt was set afire. All her clothing was burned off and she was terribly scorched. Her uncle, Amaileo Salvaggio. ran to her rescue. His hands jtnd face were burned. Both were taken to the Re ception hospital. An illuminated dour knob, for which a !>atent has been granted, is oovered with a glass pare! on whtrh “so be painted a bouse number or a na— ARMY BANDS HAVE . MORE ATTENTION Musicians Will Be Required to Possess Ability—Other Work Also. Tn France (by mail).—A recent gen eral order of the American army In creasing regimental bands to BO piece* and giving all bandmasters the com- j mission of lieutenant Is understood to foreshadow a general reorganisation o< army hands and music. Like a good many things that military theory had -either abolished or regarded as of sec- j ondary Importance when this war be- I gan. music Is to come Into its own ' again as a primary essential of soldier- I ing. The commander In chief recently sought the advice of Dr. Walter Dam roach. American orchestra leader and composer, who Is now in France. I and aa a result the army bands are to b* brought up to date and perfected. At m-esent army musicians also act as Mretcher bearers when action Is on. It Is proposed to relieve them of this duty. If the military authorities think it feasible, and compel them tt>' prac tice constantly. The band lenders are to bo examined as to their musical ability and an effort will b« made to find the best instrumentalists In the service, so that' every regiment will have a highly trained band. The army authorities have learned that music is a big part of war. The men want It and they appreciate good music, as Is shown by the big turnout for the concerts. Good music is a tonic to the units relieved from the front lines and wearied troops straight en up inwardly and outwardly when they are played Into rest camps after action. It also haa been found that to play the men out when they start for the front Improves their morale. Experiments are being made with a view to the Introduction of the French bugle in our bands. The American bu gle is keyed In C and does not lend It self well to a band, while the French army bugle, keyed In B flat and with a clear ringing tone. Is excellent coun terpoint In hand music. GENDER ,0F THE PIAVE WORRYING ITALIANS BY HENRY WOOD. United Press Staff Correspondent. Rome (by mall)—Italy h» very much Interested In settling the question of whether the Piave river is masculine or feminine. Names of rivers, like names of all things in Italian have gender Which Is Indicated usually by the last letter of the word and as a consequence of which all articles or adjectives modifying the word must be of the same gender. Un fortunately the gender of the Piave has never yet been definitely established, and the question now being discussed Is whether It Is “La Piave" (feminine) or "II piave” (masculine). But for the fact that It was on the hanks of the Piave that the Italians checked the great Austro-German drlva of last fall, and the new Austrian offen sive of this spring, It la doubtful if ths question nf the Plave’s gender would ever liaVe been discussed or settled. As It Is, the question has become one of great importance and one that Italian writers are demanding to have perma nently established. Supporters of the two sides are citing all aw Purities possible to support their respective contentions. Marla D'Angelo is for havjng the river masculine, and has in his support two of the greatest Italian writers, Carducc! and d'Annunzio. D'Annunzio especially feels that the river should be masculine as a permanent tribute to the vicinity of the Italian army that was manifested there. On the other hand nearly all of the most celebrated Venetian writers, such as Bembo. Goldoni, Starpl and Gaspnre Gozzl used the Piave on their writings (an feminine. Meantime It develops that both the maps of the Italian Touring Club and those of the Italian general staff have adopted the feminine form The gen eral staff especially Is credited with having chosen the feminine for the Piave after cartful study of historical documents and the common usage along the river. The question, however. Is still open. AFRICAN ELEPHANT TO AID RECONSTRUCTION Pittsburgh.—John Ringling. circus owner, has determined to propose to the allied governments that African ejfphants be tamed and used In tho reconstruction of France after the wgr. Because gun and shell fire at the battle fronts are slaughtering mules and horses by the tens of thousands. Mr. Ringling and Edmond I at plea, of the University of Ivouvaln, Belgium, met In conference here the other day and discussed plans for using the here tofore African elephant In reconstruc tion work In Europe. The men agreed that the loss of horses and mules could not be replaced for many years, and. since African ele phants may he found In vast numbers, and be tamed easily, both felt positive that the allies would assist In the ship ment Of the big beasts. "One elephant will do the work of 26 horses," said Mr. Ixtplea. who has charge of the Belgian government's business In the Congo. "Europe must be reconstructed ami there will be no horses. We are using the African ele phant in currying timber from tlie forest, in plowing and in all kinds of farm work. He carries nnd lifts beams and girders for the construction of buildings." _ A Call of the Wild. From the Birmingham Age-Herald. 'I wish to buy a motor car horn to re place the one wo now have—something distinctive," said the haughty matron. "Yes. ma'am,” replied the salesman. "Would a siren do?” "Dear me, no. It must be something entirely different from the ordinary motor horn." "But wo havo a siren that exactly Imi tates the hue', of a timber wolf ' ■ Ahl That ought to stilt my husband. He's a gr4Adover of nature." BOY POST. From the Chicago Tribune Versailles, Ind. On its first trip from Cincinnati to Versailles, the par cel post automobile truck carried a much alivo 13-year-old boy weighing 73 pounds and wearing 73 cents of Iiostuge stamps as one of its packages. The lad was tagged “Freddie Prtnx Versailles, Ind., care of the postmaster." He was sent by a Cincinnati news paper. He remained overnight in Ver sailles nnd was "posted" for his homfi the next day by the postmaster, who stamped on .hi* collar “Fraglls and perishable." MOUNT GRAPPA HAS BECOME ABYWOBB Italian Who Took Part In Great Conflict Tells of Many Acts of Valor. Front In Italy, (by mall.)—Mount Rrappa ia a synonym for valor in the Italian army. The proudest troops are those who defended the historic* i mountain against the Austrians last j June and prevented their passage to "*> the Venetian plain. A bowlder taken from the spot where the fight was hot test has been removed to Milan and erected as a battle memorial with Im posing ceremonies. AUghlero Castelll, of the Italian ! army who took part in the conflict had i Written as follows: "The effort to straighten our lines I In the mountains, begun by the re occupatlon of Mount Valbella, Col del Rosso and Col d'Rchele (Col means I hill) was extended to the northwest of Mount Grappa, between Col Moschln and the Asolone. "Against .this zone In his June of fensive, ’General Conrad, as all re member. launched hla best troops In an attempt which he expected would opep the way to the valley through Hassano’ with comparative ease. He was halted Instead In the valley of San | Tjorenzo, driven from the plateaus ho had taken and. through a hold stroke | of our arms, obliged to abandon other j positions which arc of great advantage 1 to the Italians In checking a new drive or starting an offensive against Aus tria, as Conrad announced In one of hla bulletins. Artillary Firs for Two Days. "For' two days the Austrian artillery played on the zone without ceasing. The night preceding the attack the con centration of fire was redoubled by the Italians, fully engaging all the posi tions of the enemy, disorganizing his commands, cutting his communications and all the nerves of his movement. In the rooming the Infantry went Into action and at one dash occupied the positions of the enemy., Soon their Importance was disclosed hV the large number of prisoners who appeared to lay down their arms. "At 6 o'clock our forces had achieved all their objectives. A Roman colonel commanded our Infantry. A lieutenant with one arm led another body el men. He had refused to leave the Mrvlcs when crippled and be exerted an ex- , traordinary ascendancy over hla sol diers. "At tha aame time out other detach ments straightened our positions In the -valley of San T.orenzo and im proved the effectiveness of our lines. “The resistance of the enemy was obstinate, especially by the Twenty seventh Austrian division. "The struggle In the trenches In ths communication lines, in the dugonta which our artillery had half destroyed was bitter and at times fierce. With the Impetuous charge of our attacking parties the first 200 prisoners were brought in In leas than 20 minutes. Our Infantry seized 20 enemy machine guna and forthwith turned 12 of then* against him. "We took about 600 prisoner* In all and 27 officer*. Including a company commander. The Austrian losses lit killed and wounded, however. Wers about 1,200 men. _ 1 i 11 r. > uur artillery unswereu inimeuiaie ly with the greatest precision and si lenced the enemy's barrage fire. It cot off the Austrians In their dugouts and decimated the occupants and support ed the infantry at all times with great efficacy. "The Austrians counter attacked several times In vain, keeping up the fight till 7 In the morning- They per sisted In shelling the terrain with heavy artillery, but under it our troops succeeded in holding and consolidating our positions. “The Austrian prisoners taken neat Mount Grappa said they did pot ex pect to be so quietly expelled from their strong positions. “The enemy suffered heavily. Some compantM were reduced to a few men. We saw battalions left In command of a lieutenant. Their supply department was poorly organised. The soldiers suffered from hunger, especially In the last few days. They asserted that lack of provisions to send them had as much to do with the conditions as the de fective provision service. “We saw a long column of Austrian prisoners defile in front of our line* with their officers leading them. Their appearance Was that of men happy tc escape from a great disaster. 'One of our soldiers threw a loaf of bread among them. The Austrians, like a swarm of bees, flung themselves on the bread to grab It. They tore it to shreds. After that the column moved slowly through ouy lines, which stood at fixed bayonets. “A Hungarian officer said: " ‘It la useless. Mount Grappa has been and always will be our tomb.' "In contrast with the state of the enemy. It is enough to say that the Italian troops of every class go Into battle sinking hymns. ith their hel mets decked with flowers, shouting: 'Fall back. Austrians, we are the sol diers of the Grappa!’ “Seven Italian war prisoners suc ceeded In regaining our lines. After escaping In spite of the great vigilance of the enemy, they related that the Austrians compel most of the prisoners to work Immediately In ttie second line trenches and under fire. The Austrians lack food. They say that the hodr of dellveranre Is eagerly awaited in the Invaded territory, while the inhabi tants make ostentatious display of their Italian patriotism, even in front of the Austrian gendarmes. 1 "The children almost all wear little 1 Alpine caps and sing the 'Hymn of the Grappa.' even as they pass groups of ' Austrian soldiers. “The success of yesterday, besides I strengthening and improving our po sitions, bars die road to the invader. [ which symbolizes the valor of our ’ army and the Inflexible will of our country.” '* NEW GREENBACKS OtfT. Two new greenbacks—the first of the nation's wartime currency—are In : circulation. They are the }1 and federal reserve tyank notes planned es pecially to replace the silver certifi cates withdrawn from circulation as the treasury’s silver reserve Is melted into bullion for export to the allies. The $1 note hears a portrait, of George Washington in the upper left hand cor ner of ttye t.vce side, and otherwise resembles p* fierally a federal reserve note On the reverse sido is shown in a center ova! an eagle In full flight, typifying the nation mobilized for war. The $2 note is similar, except that it beers a portrait of Thomas Jefferson on the front and a picture of a battle t ship on the back._ \ COAL HEAD READY. From the Philadelphia Public laslger. Hollldayburg, Pa.—In anticipation of . tilt enactment of the law extending the draft agee, John E Elliott, a coat company president, registered before j the local war board and passed the | physical test. Mr. Elliot* wanted ample j time to arrange his business u/falnx before entering the army.