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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 3, 1916)
DEEPEST DF MINES Morro Velho, Located in the Gold Belt of Brazil. Was First Worked by Portuguese Dis coverers in 1699—Combined Depths of Connected Shafts Have Reach 5,824 Feet. In a recent bulletin of tlie Pan American Union there is an account - of the world's deepest mine, written by Benjamin Le Roy Miller of Lehigh university and Joseph T. Singewald, Jr., of Johns Hopkins. The mine is the Morro Velho, in the gold belt of Brazil, where the Portuguese were first induced to settle by the discov ery of the yellow metal. The first gold was discovered in 1699, near the pres ent city of Ouro Preto. The gold was coated with a black substance and hence was called “ouro preto”—black gold. The city which they founded was called Villa Rica de Ouro Preto— the Rich City of Black Gold—a name which was somewhat cumbersome even for the Portuguese, so they final ly shortened it to just Ouro Preto, the name by which it is known today. Once it was the most important city in Brazil, the valuable metal being ob tained from the gravel of almost every stream in the region. Not only the stream gravels yielded gold, but many gold-bearing quartz veins were worked. Just when the Morro Velho mine was first opened is not known, but it was being operated toward the close of the eighteenth century, and consid erable work had been done when the present company obtained control of it in 1834. The ore body consists of a great vein of unusual persistence and regularity that dips into the earth at an angle of about 45 degrees. It may be likened to a gigantic knife i blade, held vertically and thrust into the earth at this angle, with the point f still lower than the present deepest workings. And it is these workings that make the mine rearkable. The combined depths of the connected shafts give a total of 5,824 feet. In other words, here is a gold mine that is bemg worked at a depth of more than a mile below the surface of the earth. The rock temperatures increase as the earth's crust is penetrated, in some regions the increase being as mueh as one degree Fahrenheit for each fifty to sixty feet increase in depth. At this rate the temperature at the bottom of this mine would be over 100 degrees higher than at the surface, and fried ham and eggs might be prepared for the miners without any other heating apparatus than the loose rocks lying about. Incidentally i. miners would be going through the frying process, too. Fortunately, how ever, in this mine the rate of increase of temperature is only one degree for every 100 to 120 feet, giving the rocks a temperature of only 112 de grees. By forcing cooled air down into the mine by means of fans the temperature is lowered to a little less than 100 degrees. Even at that it is rather snug and the miners usually wear only shoes, donning trousers when company is expected. The mine has produced a total of about $55,000, 000 worth of gold, and is being worked now at a profit of something more than $700,000 annually. MORE THAN SHE COULD STAND “Scan’lous” Remark Made by Young Colored Husband Was Responsible for His Black Eye. Bob Gibbs, a good-natured and in dustrious young negro, had brought about the arrest of hiB new wife, in the testimony it was shown that the girl had spent all she could lay her hands on for dress and self-ornamenta tion. Her home and husband had suf fered in consequence. An altercation had taken place, and the wife had blacked her better half’s already dusky eye. The judge ordered Matty Gibbs to stand up. “Do you think more of your clothes than of your husband?” the court de manded sternly. “Lawdy, jedge,” Matty gasped, "I don’t need no time ter *hink dat over. 1 done cotched him v id clothes, an' 'low dat's how I gotter 'tfep him. No buddy never woulda hit dat nigger ef he hadn’t made some scan'lous re marks 'bout green not goin’ w-id coal color.”—Case and Comment. Not Up on Poultry. On board of one of his majesty's ships two seamen were hotly engaged in an argument as to the class of ani mal a hog belonged, one of them as serting it was a sheep and the other equally certain it was a pig. Not being able to agree, one of them turned to an old salt, who was stand ing close by, saying: “Here, bill, you’ve knocked about a bit. What is a hog? Is it a pig or a sheep?” Whereupon Bill, after due consider ation, replied: “Well, to tell the truth, chummy, I don't know much about poultry.”— London Tit-Bits. On the Diamond. Dorothy—You say it was their dia mond wedding? Marion—Yes; they were married in the baseball park. As a rule the world never sympa thizes with the married man whose nose is against the grindstone. 1 .i Efficiency In Childhood comes with proper training—a most vital factor in which is right food. If a child is to gain physically and expand mentally certain vital mineral elements — grown in the held grains—are imperative. These elements, such as phosphate of potash, etc., are lacking in many foods, but abundantly supplied in the famous pure food — Made of whole wheat and malted barley, Grape Nuts with cream or good milk supplies well-balanced nourishment — not only builds up the growing child, but repairs daily the wear and tear of body and brain, Grape-Nuts has a delicious nut-like flavour—is specially processed for easy digestion—and is always ready to eat direct from the package. Economical — convenient—and makes for efficiency. “There7? a Reason” for Grape-Nuts Sold by Grocers everywhere. The Portable Garage Justified Its Name When Willie Finally Succeeded In Starting His Dad’s Car. i-—-1 I iLSOII TRAOUCER SCORED BY MANN Republican House Leader As sails Anti-Preparedness Ad vocate For Attacking President. Washington. D. C„ Jan. 31.—Repub lican Leader Mann came to the de fense of President Wilson in the House late yesterday, when Representative Dies, of Texas, leader of the anti-pre i paredness democrats, attacked the •president’s New York speech on na tional defense. Mr. Mann rebuked Mr. Dies for making any remarks about the president’s views before the latter had completed his speaking tour, and declared that Ills only defense for changing his position on preparedness was that he believed he was right. "With the possibility of the dan ger which prevails,” Mr. Mann de clared, "we will meet the situation, we will rise to our responsibilities and pull this nation in a position where it can protect itself against any for eign foe.” Tempestuous applause ' ke from all sides of the chamber. “I do not know whether I have changed my mind since a year ago, but I would not be ashamed to. I know that the situation has been ol tnged. "I do not believe in a great stand ing army, nor the permanent neces sity of a great navy, but I do believe that a great country like ours, that re fuses to considera situation today be cause of its beliefs in the past, has not the real right to remain at peace and will not be able to do so. "The president ought to know more about this situation than any mem ber of this House. And now that he is going about the country to state his case, it would be more becoming to members of his own party to await his statement, at least, before attack ing him.” BIG WAGE INCREASE SOUGHT BY MINERS Ten Per Cent Advance Will- Be Asked For Bituminous Workers. Indianapolis. Ind.. Jan. 31.—General satisfaction was expressed today by delegates to the convention of the Uni ted Mine Workers of America, with the demands agreed upon yesterday to be presented to the coal operators in the negotiations for new wage agreements this year. Ten per cent increase will be asked for the soft coal miners and 20 per cent for the men paid by the day. There is a feeling of confidence among the mine workers that the op erators will conclude a satisfactory agreement. ANOTHER INQUIRY IS ADDRESSED TO VIENNA Washington, Jan. 29.—The United States has addressed another Inquiry to Austria, asking whether or not any of its submarine commanders have knowledge of the destruction of the British liner Persia. A statement that they had none, reported to have been handed to Ambassador Penfield several days ago, never lias been received here. 34.000 HOMES RAZED BY RUSSIAN INVADERS Berlin, Jan. 29.—The extent of the devastation done l>y the Russian In vasion of East Prussia is shown by the fact that no less than 34,000 dwell ing houses must he rebuilt, of which 3.000 tire in cities, and 150,000 houses must lie equipped with furniture. The government has erected a special com mission. with is headquarters at Koe nlgsberg. which is charged with the duty of seeing that the architecture of the new houses is of a sort harmoniz luy with their surroundings. ENTRANCE TO BALTIC STREWN WITH MINES Great Britain Warns Neutral Vessels of Danger In At tempt to Pass. Washington, Jan. 31.—Great Britain is sowing mines so thickly at the en trance to the Baltic sea that it is now practically impassable except to the vessels under the guidance of official pilots. Consul General Skinner at London reported today that the admiralty had not notified him of the location of a new mine held in the Baltic near the sound across the channel southwest of Drogden Light vessel, just off Danish waters. Obstructions to navigation also have been placed between the Danisli territorial waters and the Ger man coast southeast of Rlxhoft. Whether these precautions are de later to Great Britain's reported Inten tion of declaring an actual blockade of her enemies is not known to officials here. MAD GUNMAN SHOOTS DOWN FOUR PERSONS Would-Be Slayer Then Escapes —Thought to Have Used Silencer on Pistol. Albany, N. Y„ Jan. 31.—Detectives and police renewed their search today for the mad gun man who last night shot four persons, injuring two so severely that their recovery is doubt ful. Three of the victims were shot through the back and one through the side with a revolver, either equipped with a silencing device or fired through the pocket of a heavy ulster the man wore. Of the fourt shot, two heard muffled reforts and the other two were not aware they had been injured until they fell in the street from weakness. CLAIMS HIS INVENTION WILL NULLIFY TORPEDO — Copenhagen, (via London), Jan. 29.-» An apparatus, which it is claimed will prevent the destruction of ships by torpedoes or mines has been invent ed by Frantz Poulsen, engineer. The details are withheld, but the principal feature is said to be a device for di verting the pressure on ships sides of the air masses formed by the explosion. The invention has been offered to the British admirality, which has promised to test it at the earliest possible time. GENERAL HODSON, NOTED BRITON, DIES OF WOUNDS London, Jan. 29.—Brigadier General Hodson, who was wounded in the fight ing on the Gallipoli peninsula, has died of his injuries at Malta. General Hodson, who was born in 1803, served with distinction in Egypt in 1882, in the Burmese expedition on tile northwest frontier of Indian, and other campaigns. GERMANS TAKE 1,000 YARDS OF TRENCHES Berlin, (via London), Jan. 29.—Cap ture of 1,000 yards of French positions south of and including the village of Frise was announced today by army headquarters. Thirteen machine guns and 927 prisoners were taken. Northeast, of Neuville the Germans stormed trenches along the front of about 1,700 yards, capturing 27 prison ers and nine machine guns. Paris, (via London), Jan. 29.—An at tack by the Germans on the French front south of the Somme yesterday, along a width of several kilometers, failed completely on the southern end of the line, succeeding only on the bank of the Somme against the village of Frise, it was announced today by the war office. i l WILL NOT ACCEPT Unnamed Republican Leader Says Justice Soon Will Declare Himself Out of It. Washington, Jan. 31.—Associate Justice Hughes of the supreme court will soon make a public declaration that he will not accept the republican nomination for president under any cir- , cumstances, according to a western re publican leader who has been interested in "smoking Hughes out.” The authority for this statement, who would not permit himself to be quoted by name, said he and his friends recently undertook to sound Mr. Hughes to discover whether he would accept the nomination if it should come to him as the free will offering of the republican convention. The justice, it is alleged, made it clear if he were nominated he would be compelled to reject the honor. Mr. Hughes is represented as assert- 1 ing the impropriety of a supreme court justice permitting himself to be con sidered as a possible presidential candi dae. It would drag the court into poll- I tics and establish a dangerous preced- : ent, he said. He hoped to see the day . when no one would think of suggesting a supreme court Justice for political 1 preferment. ; CUMMINS WILL SPEAK IN MINNEAPOLIS SOON Washington, D. C., Jan. 29.—Senator Cummins has accepted an invitation ‘ to speak to Minnesota republicans as the guest of the St. Paul Republican | club the night of Lincoln's birthday, February 12. He is assured of a meeting attended * by republicans from all over Minne sota. Senator Cummins may make other speeches while west. THREATENING LETTERS ' SENT SENATOR KENYON Washington. Jan. 29. — Senator Kenyon today received a number of anonymous letters and messages from j New York hostile to his action in pre senting the eight-mile petition for an embargo. He also received many from all over the country including Iowa, approving his course. He intends to tight for an arms embargo regardless of opposition. j FOUR SOLDIERS HURT WHEN BOMB EXPLODES < Halifax. N. S., Jan. 29.—One officer and three soldiers were seriously in- ] jured and five soldiers received minor injuries and cuts today when an ex plosion occurred in the old Cunard 1 building, where a military class in ' bomb manufacturing was listening to i a lecture by Captain Hurd, of the Sixth military division. MAILORDER CONCERN SHOWS LARGER SALES Chicago, Jan. 29.—The reports of Sears, Roebuck & Co., for the year end ing December 31, 1915, show net sales of $106,228,420, which is $10,000,000 in excess of the 1914 showing. JUDGE LINDSEY TO PAY A VISIT TO GERMANY The Hague, Jan. 29, (via London).— Judge Ben B. Rinsey has left Holland for Berlin to study the needs of chil dren in the belligerent countries. It is said that Henry Ford, before leaving Christiania, told Mr. Rindsey that if it wore feasible he would provide ample funds to help the children. Judge Rind sev hopes later -to go to England and will leave there for the United States. The area of Italy is 110,000 square miles, while the area of California is 158,000 square miles. And nearly ai; of California is grape country. BILIOUS, HEMUUUUf, S1JME1S” Gently cleanse your liver and sluggish bswels while you sleep. Get a 10-cent box. Sick headache, biliousness, dizzi ness, coated tongue, foul taste and foul breath—-always trace them to torpid liver; delayed, fermenting food in the bowels or sour, gassy stomach. Poisonous matter clogged in the in teaUnes, instead of being cast out jf the system is re-absorbed into the blood. When this poison reaches the ielicate brain tissue it causes con gestion and that dull, throbbing, sick sning headache. Cascarets Immediately cleanse the stomach, remove the sour, undigested teed and foul gases, take the excess bile from the liver and carry out all ho constipated waste matter and bolsons in the bowels. A Cascaret to-night will surely straighten you out by morning. They ivork whHe you sleep—a 10 cent box 'ram your druggist moans your head :lcar, stomach sjveet and your liver snd bowels regular for months. Adv. The Advantage. “Hearing those high-priced opera singers on the phonograph is almost is good as hearing them on the stage." "Better. You can shut them off vhenover you like on the phono graph.” A GLASS OF SALTS WILL END KIDNEY-BACKACHE Says Drugs Excite Kidneys and Rec ommends Only Salts, Particularly If Bladder Bothers You. When your kidneys hurt and your tack feels sore, don't get scared and proceed to load your stomach with a ot of drugs that excite the kidneys md irritate the entire urinary tract. Keep your kidneys cleas like you keep rour bowels clean, by flushing them vith a mild, harmless saltB which re noves the body’s urineus waste and itlmulates them to their normal actlv ty. The function of the ktdfleys Is to liter the blood. In 24 hours they (train from it 500 grains of acid and vaste, bo we can readily understand he vital importance of keeping the ddneys active. Drink lots of water—you can’t drink .00 much; also get from anj pharma cist about four ounces of Jad Salta; ;ake a tablespoonful in a glkse of vater before breakfast each morning tor a few days and your kidneys will ict tine. This famous salts Is made from the acid of grapes and lemon juice, combined with lithia, and has jeen used for generations to clean and itlmulate clogged kidneys; also to leutrallze the acids in urine so it no onger is a source of Irritation, thus ending bladder weakness. Jad Salts is Inexpensive; cannot in ure; makes a delightful effervescent ithia-water drink which everyone ihould take now and then to keep heir kidneys clean and active. Try his, also keep up the water drinking, md no doubt you will wonder what lecame of your kidney trouble and mckache.—Adv. Never Tasted Any. Officer—I want a man to go around ind buy some good horses, sergeant. \re you—er—anything of a judge of torso flesh? Sergeant—I dunno, sir. I've neve’ asted any. jYRUPOFFIfiSFOR t is cruel to force nauseating, harsh physic into a sick child. Look back at your childhood days, temember the "dese” mother Insisted >n—castor oil, calomel, cathartics, low you hated them, how you fought igainst taking them. With our children it’s different. Mothers who cling to the old form of ihysic simply don’t realize what they lo. The children’s revolt is well-found id. Their tender little “insides’’ aro njured by them. If your child’s stomach, liver and lowels need cleansing, give only deli :ious “California Syrup of Figs,’’ Its iction is positive, but gentle. Millions if mothers keep this harmless “fruit axattve’’ handy; they know children ove to take it; that it never fails to .-lean the liver and bowels and sweet in the stomach, and that a teaspoonful ;iven today saves a sick child tomor •ow. Ask at the store for a 50-cent bottle it “California Syrup of Figs,’’ which las full directions for babies, children >f all ages and for grown-ups plainly jn each bottle. Adv. Many a man asks questions merely for an excuse to answer them him self. Not Gray Hairs but Tired Eyes make us look older than we are. Keen vour Eyes young and you will look young after the Movies Murine Your Eyes. Don't tell your age. Murine Eye Remedy Co , Chicago. Sends Eye Book ou request. \ small boy says the road to knowl edge has too many branches.