r Edward R Bushnelt In Philadelphia Ledger. Where and what Is the most Jewish city in the United States? Chelsea, Mass., was stamped with that distinction at the recent session of the convention of the Federation of American Zionists. Twenty five per cent of its population of 40,000 are Jews. Numerically, New' York has the great est Jewish population either in the United States or the world, but the pro portion of Jews there is slightly below that of Chelsea. Nearly half of the Jews In America and 1-12th of all the world contains, live within the confines of Greater New York. Nevertheless, their proportion of New York’s entire popula tion is only about 16 per cent. The extent to which the Jewish peo ple maintain their racial Integrity though scattered to the four corners of the earth, still remains the most as tounding thing in the history of nation building. From the time of their bond age In Egypt, their flight through the wilderness into the promised land, and their wonderful expansion during the reigns of David and Solomon, followed by thelf subjugation at the hands of the Greeks and Romans, this Integrity never suffered. And even during the last 2,000 years, as they have gone with civilization into every corner of the globe, they have always been a distinct people. The study of their worldwide distribu tion forms a subject of gripping interest. Roughly speaking, there are about 12, 000,000 Jews today. Every country has its quota. Palestine, the original homo of the Jews, numerically does not contain many Jews, but in proportion to the entire popula tion of that country it leads the world. The latest statistics give Palestine a Jew ish population of 78,000, out of a total pop ulation of 360,000. This gives the Jewish race In Palestine a percentage of 22.29 of the entire population, though Its total of 78,000 Is hardly half the entire Jewish population of Philadelphia. In certain parts of Africa and Asia the Jewish population, although numerically small, is proportionately high. Tunis, In Africa, ranks next to Palestine, with a Jewish population of 108,000 out of a total of 1,923,217, or 6.62 per cent. Europe, of course, contains the great hulk of the world's Jewish population, there being approximately 10,000,000 scattered throughout that continent of nearly 600,000,000 people. Russia Home of Half of Europe’s Jews Russia furnishes a home for more than half of Europe’s Jews. There are 5,215,806 of this race living under the czar’s au thority. Then com2s Austria with 1,113, GS7, and Hungary with 932,406. Germany has 615,021. | Of all thesa European countries, how- ; ever, Rumania contains the greatest ! percentage of Jews. There are 259,- j 015 there out of a total population of 5,- i 956,690, a percentage of 4.52. The Jewish 1 proportion In Austria-Hungary, which in- | eludes Bosnia-Herzegovina, is 4.42, that . of Russia, 4.15. Portugal probably contains the smallest j percentage of Jews of any of the civilized • countries. Out of this country’s total pop- j ulatlon of 5,423,132 there are to be found 1 only 4S1 Jews, representing but .01 per cent. In Spain there arc about 4,000 Jews out of a total population of 19,588,688, or .02 of 1 per cent. Jews Flock to Great Cities. The Jews are not an agricultural peo ple, a fact which explains why in this country most of them have found their homes in the great cities. Outside of New York, of course, Philadelphia, Chicago and Boston contain the greatest number. The Jewish population of Philadelphia Is estimated at about 150,000, or a little less than 10 per cent of the entire population. St. i/ouis, with a total population of 687, 1029, contains 45,000 Jews, with the same number credited to Cleveland out of a population of 560,CG3. San Francisco, with 416,912 inhabitants, contains a Jewish pop ulation of 30,000. Atlanta, Ga., thrown Into a state of tur moil over the trial and conviction for murder of Ueo Frank, has a Jewish pop ulation of only 4,200 out of a totul popula tion of 154,839. The number of Jews in the small towns of the United States is almost negligible. An estimate made by the industrial re moval office shows that 50 of the prlncN pal cities of the United States, not count ing New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and , Boston, contain only 287,100 Jews, England Is In Disgust Over Progress of War —______ From the Kansas Pity Time*. London, Oct. 2 (By messenger to New fork).—At no period of tho war has doubts »nd misgivings prevailed In England to •uch a lugubrious extent as at the present moment. Not even the most Incorrigible British optimist or pro-Brltlsh sympathiz er could, by any stretch of the Imagina tion, pretent that the situation in England nr for England Is either cheerful or en rotiraglng. Disgust, rather than downhoartedness, la tho dominant note. Nothing happens. Four full months of the Ideal lighting sea ion—May to September—have gone by and Germany Is as llrmly Intrenched In Franco and Belgium as ever. In the Dar lanolles 12 miles of front at a cost of 11,00# casualties (including 41,000 men lost h the last 34 days) arc all that Lord Kitchener was ablo to mention to parlia ment as the results of tho tcrrltlo Gal Ipoll campaign against tho German-led Turks. Of Russia one speaks only In accents of itter despondency, which Is little alleviat ed by Kitchener's amazing declaration lhat the Germans In the eastern theater 'have nearly shot their bolt." The Immlneney of Vllna's fall, the con Inucd menacing of the Petrograd railway 4ne and the serious suggestion* that Illn \enburg and Mackensen's limitless sweep Vty oven have Odessa os Its objective, ..h a pounce on Constantinople and co loration with the Turks at tho Darda lelles as its purpose, are not evidence to Ihe British public mind that the kaiser has "nearly shot his bolt" In Russlu. A | few days before Kitchener's flat footed optimism In the house of lords, Mr, Lloyd George wrote a preface for a compiled edi tion of hl« "Wake Up, England!" war speeches. In It he plainly suggested that Russia, not Germany, had "shot her bolt." He said: "Poland Is entirely German. Lithuania Is rapidly following. Russian fortresses, deemed Impregnable, are falling like sand castles before the resistless tide of Teu tonic Invasion. When will that tide re cede? When will It bo stemmed?'' If Mr. Lloyd-George's remarks In regard to Russia mean anything, they mean that Russia Is badly beaten—for the present at least—and that her power, to be of the slightest effective assistance to the allies, Is lamed for many months to come. With the minister of war and the minis ter of munitions so flagrantly at odds as to whether Russia has "shot her bolt” or not, It Is not surprising that the distract ed Briton collectively known as "the man In the street," does not know what to think. How the casualty list has been a con stant crescendo was shown by this tabu lation of the foregoing five oftlclal state ments of losses: Up to October 31, 67,000. Up to February 4, 104,000. Up to April 11, 139,347. Up to May 31. 268,009. Up to July 18, 321.889. As far as the British are constitutionally capable of revealing their emotions. It may confidently bo stated that these hid eously heavy losses have given the nation a profound shock. -—. ... Speyer Sets Example For German-Americans •‘Holland’s’' letter In Minneapolis Journal New York—Among other reports In circulation In the financial district pur porting to tell of the opposition of pro Germans to the establishment of a loan or credit in the United States in the name of England and France, was one that James Speyer would not be disposed to participate in the underwriting of the loan, and that he was conspicuous for his absence from the first meeting be tween American bankers and the Anglo French commission in Mr. Morgan’s li brary. If Mr. Speyer heard these reports, they may have annoyed him, or possibly ; amused him. He could have said in reply that he is now furnishing the best evi dence of the fact that he regards himself as an American citizen, having cheerfully assumed all of the responsibilitl which his citizenship involves. Financier a Plattsburg Private. Mr. Speyer is now engaged in military drill in the camp at Plattsburg. He is a private soldier, or was at first. He cheer fully endures the excessive heat and is making earnest attempts to master the Vianual of arms and all of the tactics Taught in ramp. He is bearing his full lhare in all the work entailed upon those Who are preparing themselves for active service, if occasion should arise. Mr. Speyer’«» reason for undertaking to become trained in military tactics and military life is a simple one. He feels that every American citizen of proper age should be equalifled to take up arms In defense of the country, if at any time that is necessary. lie is in thorough sym pathy with all the preparations now under way and with all the agitation now in progress whereby American men can be made familiar with the science and art of war. Very likely, Mr. Speyer, born as he was at Frankfort, and maintaining close per sonal and family and business relations with Germany, looks with tender consid eration upon that country at this time. That, however, with him is a purely sen timent il feeling. He recognizes no al legiance that involves any material aid or any loyalty except to the country that has adopted him. Speyer’s Advice to Young German. Mr. Speyer's friends say that he has good reason for feeling fully justified in giving the best that is in him to the United States, since it was in this country iha,t his opportunities have come, his con siderable fortune has been secured, and the most cordial and sincere of friendships have been established. A friend of Mr. Speyer of German birth and who is now a reservist lieutenant, but who is and has been for some time in business in New York, was* married two l years ago to an American girl whose forbears were prominent in colonial days. To this young friend Mr. Speyer said that I it was not only his privilege, but his duty to take out hts first naturalization pa pers. His counsel was substantially in these words: ^ou are about to marry an American girl. You have come to the United States to accept opportunity to make at least a comfortable fortune; you expect to gain your livelihood here, you hope to hava all the privileges so far as business and opportunity are concerned that any American possesses. You ought there fore to become, as I have done, a citizen of the United States, and when you be- ! come a citizen of this country you should remember that you owo allegiance to no other country, and that in the citizenship conferred upon you you will gain far more than you will give." Whatever relation Mr. Speyer's great banking house may have to tiie negotia tions now under way. it Is certain that in view of what Mr. Speyer is now doing ft yiattsburg. and also of his counsel to his young German friend, he will in no way oppose the negotiations and very likely will aecept his proportionate part in underwriting the plan. Fact* and Fact*. (From the Minneapolis Journal ) The Washington correspondent of the Journal closes a dispatch with these words: What the German government asks to have arbitrated is the set of facts. Very good But in the meantime, until those facts are arbitrated, are the neonlA , of the United States to accept thePwor<1 ! °r a submarine commander every time | American lives are sacrificed? There | were the facts about the Lusitania, the i the Gulflight, the facts about , the Falaba, the facts about the Arab'c ; the facts about the Hesperian. About 1 what passenger ship shall we next have | the “facts”? I There are facts and facts, and the ques i tlon is. whose set of facts is to he ae i oepted ? 1 here are no denials of the fact i that Amer cans. when upon their lawful and rightful pursuit of legitimate bu*i : ness, have been drowned by German sub | marines upon the high seas. Surelv that iact is not open to arbitration, is it? In these days it may reasonablv take | months »nd months before any Hague ! tribunal can hear and determine “facts.” < uat the American people want to know I is, does the German govennent propose ; to go on allowing her submarine com ; mainters to torpedo trans-Atlantic liners every time they appear to he getting ready to alter their course in such t\ way as to interfere with the illegal and in | humane practices of German undersea warfare? Until we get an answer to this ; question, direct and unequivocal, all other *■ facts” are not only irrelevant but im pertinent. i Not since 1864. with one exception, has California produced so much gold cs in 1914, when the output was worth $20,562,196. WHEN BOWSER WHISTLES. BUT IT’S SO WIT (Copyright, 1915, by the McClure News paper Syndicate.) When Mr. Bowser comes home and finds his wife lying down with her head tied up. he's real sorry for her, of course—lust as sorry as any hus band could be. And, like any other husband, he stands and surveys her for a moment and then bluntly says: ''I expected It. Finally got down fiat, eh?” "it's nothing,” she faintly replies. "Oh, It Isn’t! Nothing for a wife to flop down and upset the whole house, I suppose? Well, I’ve been look ing for it the last three months, so I'm not much surprised. Mrs. Bowser, it’s a wonder to me that you or any other woman In the state is not out of your coffin." “It's only—only a headache, dear.” "Yes, only a headache, but what do headaches lead to? If you are not a dead woman by Saturday night you may consider yourself lucky. Didn't I warn you not to sit In a draught—not to wear tldn shoes—not to eat too much In warm weather? Dlttle good it does to talk to a woman.” "You can’t help ailing occasionally," she replied as she got up to wet the bandage around her head. ‘‘Mrs. Bowser, look at me,” he said ns he struck an attitude and held one hand aloft. “When am I ever ailing? When do vou hear me complaining? Never! And whv Is It? Because, Mrs. H ALL OF THEM. "Ah! how I suffer!" he groans. “You may be a widow before the week is out. I hope you will always be kind to the cooks. I have tried to be a good husband, and—and ” Mrs. Bowser lays her hand on his forehead and the tears come to his eyes and he suddenly becomes a great big booby. She has to hold his hand to get him to sleep, and when ha wakes up he wants tea and toast and jell, and he is as petulant as a sick baby until finally put to bed. He is a new man when he awakes in the morn ing, and when she asks after his throat he replies: "Throat! Humph! Mrs. Bowser, for about five hours yesterday I was hov ering between life and death. ' Had it been you, you would have died 1 <> times over, but grit pulled me through.” "Grit.” “Yes. Grit-—sand—pluck — Spartan courage and fortitude. I let none of you know how bad I actually was, but just shut my teeth and determined to live and here is the result of it. Ah, Mrs. Bowser, if you only had a hun dredth part of my courage and will power you’d be a far different wom an from what you are now—a far dif ferent woman." Mrs. Bowser felt that she owed him one for that and she said: "The minute you feel it coming on you should start for home.” "Eh, what do you mean?” he asked as his face grew grave. i_^ i fcKXlgvE. I'M Co)N& ta DIE '. * tiuwaer—Decause i uon i cram my stomach with watermelon, buttermilk, gumdrops, custard pie, sweet cake, ginger ale and all that. Because I don’t go around with my feet sopping wet. Because I know enough to come in when it rains. Because I exercisfe a little common sense in taking care of myself.” “Tour dinner is ready.” "And I'in ready for dinner. A healthy, happy person is always ready for his meals. You won’t try to get up. I meals. You won’t try to get up, I sup pose ?” “Not now." “Well, you have only yourself to blame. You mav learn in time, but I doubt it. I’d like to find one woman with about two ounces of horse sense in her head, before I die, but I don't expect to do it. Well, it can’t be helped, I suppose. The Lord made you that way, and it's no use to argue.” Mr. Bowser eats his dinner, smokes his cigar and sings and whistles as if the slightest notes didn’t go through her aching head like a bullet. It never occurs to him to fan her, wet the bandage or aak if she can’t sip a cup of tea. It does occur to him, however, to say about bedtime: “I'm Borry, of course, but then you must have more sense. I’ll go up to bed and you can come when you get ready. If you are going to kick around much, you'd better sleep in the spare room.” Now and then the tables are turned. Mr. Bowser comes home to lunch drag ging his legs after him and looking pale and very much scared. “What's the matter?” asks Mrs. on tiptoe ana even the cat is put out and the clock stopped. After his throat has been tied up, his shoes taken off and a quilt thrown over him. Mr. Bowser plaintively inquires: “Don't you think you’d better send for a doctor?" “Not just yet, dear. I don't think it's very serious.” “Mrs. Bowser. I believe I’m already struck with death!” Nonsense! You’ve just got a little inflammation of the tonsils.” “I’ve felt for some days as if a great calamity hung over this household. Hadn’t we better have two doctors?” “Just try and go to sleep, Mr. Bow ser. and I'll warrant you will feel bet ter by night.” “The chill.” "What chill?” "Mr. Bowser, you were a very sick man last night, and though you say you are all right this morning you may have a relapse.” "Do—do you think I will?” "One can't say In such cases. How ever, at the first sign of a chill, you start for home. You had best come in the ambulance.” “But I don't believe I shall have a chill.” Mr. Bowser stood around for five minutes, and then slowly left the house, and when outside the gate he muttered to himself: "It's the strangest thing in the world that I can never get the bet ter of that woman!” Mrs. Bowser, as the reader well knows, is not a revengeful person. However, she got to feeling that she had let Mr. Bowser off too easy in this instance, and after giving him time to reach the office she telephoned him. “I just wanted to ask If you got over without a chill.” “Did I? Of course I did,” 'he roared back. “I'm so glad.” Then she called In a neighbor to ask over the wire: “Aren’t you taking terrible chances, Bowser?” “What do you mean?" was asked. "Why, getting up off a dying bed to go to the office! Watch your feet like a hawk. If they begin to get cold you hump for home at once.” An hour later she got the wife or a neighbor to come In and say: "Oh, Mr. Bowser, I’ve heard of how near you came to your grave. This is Mrs. Forbush, you know.” "Urn!" "The whole city feels that it had rather lose the mayor than Bowser, so do be careful. If you feel one sin gle shiver—" Another grunt and Mr. Bowser hung up. Then Mrs. Bowser came in with: "Have you got your feet in a dish of hot water?" “Not by a darned sight!” he whoop ed. but I" 11 get you in hot water when I come home.” But he didn”t. He was as good as pie, and without being asked to he gave her money for two pairs of 75 cent stockings reduced to 45 cents a pair. Why the Boers Are Helping England. In his article. "Germany's Exit From Africa,” in tile World’s Work, Lewis K. Freeman tolls of an Interview with a successful Boer banker, who, speak ing of their last war with England and its results, says: “There is still an ache in some of our hearts for things the war cost us. But the sense of justice is highly developed in the Boer, and we cannot deny that under the fair, square, helpful regime of the British we have become better off in 10 years than we would have been in 50 under Paul Kruger. They have left us our language, self government— everything, in fact, we had before— and have brought us progressivenesa and prosperity. A new national feel ing—an imperial one, I mean—i3 de veloping among the Boers, and in tim« it will be as strong as the old one for which we poure-1 “‘t so in"<-h blo-aL" IZ-ZSSZI " ««4,BOWSt'H, UoK AY ME * Bowser as soon as he steps into the house. "clot a sore throat and I feel fev erish. I—1 think I'm goirg to bo sick!" She doesn't call out that she ex pected it. and declare that no husband in the world lias sense enough to look out for his health. She knows that ho was out in a draught in his shirt sleeves, hut she doesn't even mention it. On the contrary, she remarks: "Try and eat a little something and then lie down. You’d better gargle your throat and then tie it up." "Do you think it's anything serious?” he whispers as he grows paler. “1 hope not. but it’s wiser to be on the safe side. You are subject to quinsy, you know, and spinal menin gitis begins just this way." "I believe I’m going to die," gasps Mr. Bowser, and he grows so weak that she has to take off his coat and vest and get him on the lounge. Every thing ubi "• hous* is ordered to go SET ADRIFT BY ILLUSIONS Young Mortal Allows Himself to Be Swayed by Conditions That Sur round Him. There is no chance and no anarchy in the universe. Every god is there sitting in his sphere. The young mor tal enters the hall of the firmament; j there he is alone with them alone; I they pouring on him benedictions and gifts, and beckoning him up to their thrones. On the instant, and inces santly, fall snowstorms of illusions. He fancies himself in a vast crowd, which sways this way and that, and whose movements and doings he must obey; he fancies himself poor, or phaned, insignificant. The mad crowd drives him hither and thither, now fu riously commanding this thing to be done, now that. What is he that he should resist their will and think on himself? Every moment new changes and new showers of deceptions to baf fle and distract him. And when, by anb by, for an instant, the air clears and the cloud lifts a little, there are the gods still sitting around him on their thrones—they alone with him alone.—Emerson. New Definition. “The study of etymology," says the Philadelphia Record, “causes no end of trouble among that class of school children whose knowledge of English is limited to words which figure in the ordinary street conversation, and many curious results have followed. The custom usually observed by the teachers is to require such a definition of the word, then its derivation, and finally a sentence in which the word is properly used. The word “ligament" fell to the lot of a rather diffident boy recently. He defined it properly as "a band,” but followed up the correct derivation with this remarkable sen tence: “I was wakened up last night by hearing a brass ligament going down the street.” Unfortunately Not Accomplished. Vagrant—Sir, I was captured in in fancy by the Indians and reared in ignorance of all civilized usages. "Well, what of it?" "Why, I don't know how to lie, steal, boast, bluff or toady, and I'm starving to death."—Life. Trouble Enough for the Present. Junior Partner—I think Mars is in habited. Senior Partner—Until this war is over, Jake, we will stick to our regular customers! —Philadelphia Bulletin. a".. 111 " .. ——^—11 8 If, The General Says: f Why send your ( money away tor 0 '‘bargain roof mg” Y when you cum get ft1 V the best roof