v STEAMER IS SWAMPED AT
PIER IN CHICAGO RIVER;
HORROR DUE TO CROWDING
\ Passengers Supposed to Have Thronged to One Side of Vessel
\ Eastland Causing Her to Tilt and Capsize Just Off Dock
—Listing Breaks Hawser and Ship Turns Turtle Throw
♦ ing Hundreds of Screaming Men, Women and Children Into
Swirling Waters—Scores Trapped In Cabins, Drown Like
Rats In Trap—Many Are Injured.
CAPTAIN IS ARRESTED; JURY WILL INVESTIGATE
Craft Bore 2,500 Families and Employes of General Electric
Company Just Starting For Day’s Picnic at Michigan City,
Ind.—Nearby Vessels and Entire Dock Front Turned Into
Temporary Morgues and Hospitals—Federal Government
Orders an Inguiry Into Disaster—Many Deeds of Heroism
Mark Work of Rescue.
Chicago, July 24.—Loaded with 2,500 excursionists, employes of
the Western Electric company and their families, the steel steamer
Eastland capsized at her dock in the Chicago river today. Six hours
after the accident the police had checked more than 700 bodies as
recovered and estimates were that 3,000 to 1,700 men, women and
children had perished. Others placed the number as even higher, but
evidence to substantiate such figures are lacking. Scores who es
V caped drowning were hurt in the panic that marked the disaster.
I. City, county, state and federal officials worked to learn the
cause of the disaster, to recover bodies of victims, trace missing per
sons and aid the injured. In this they were assisted by every agency
that the city could summons, hospitals, mercantile concerns, physi
cians, churches and organized charities lending their organizations
and experience to the work.
The crowding of passengers to one side of the boat is supposed
to have caused the tragedy, but authorities, not satisfied with this
explanation, ordered the arrest of officers of the boat and Captain
Harry Pedersen and DeU Fisher, first mate, were taken to police
(headquarters.
Panic of the worst kind struck the passengers when the boat
began to turn over. Best accounts of witnesses said the steamer
rolled slightly twice, then turned further and that hundreds of
screaming, struggling men, women and children slid across the slop
ing decks, fought for room on the companionways and clutched at
companions, deck chairs or any other object that came to hand.
Women and children by the hundreds were caught below decks
and the scratched faces, torn clothing and bruised bodies of the dead
bore mute evidence of the desperation with which they had fought
for a chance for life.
The whole tragedy occupied less than five minutes. Members of
the crew shouted warnings as the steamed first tilted and Captain
f Pedersen ordered lower deck ports opened and all passengers ashore.
^ There was, however, no chance for such a measure to succcpd
First Boat to Load.
Some seven thousand tickets had been
distributed for the excursion and five
steamers chartered by the company.
The Eastland was the first to receive
Its quota and when Its chartered ca
pacity was reached, federal inspectors
ordered that no more be taken aboard.
The boat was docked on the south side
of the river and when the hundreds
hurrying to the boat were turned back
from it they streamed across the Clark
street bridge to the steamer Thedore
Roosevelt, which was to take the sec
ond load.
Screams of the Eastland victims halt
ed this rush and the bridge was Jammed
with people until the police, fearful that
the structure wrould collapse, ordered
it cleared.
Every resource of the city was turned
to the resue work. Remembering the
Iroquois theater disaster, mercantile
concerns in the vicinity hurried motor
trucks to the scene, laden with blank
ets, to warm the living or cover the
dead. Pullmotors by the score were
Bent to the dock; physicians, firemen,
government life savers and nurses were
i summoned, and all hospitals and
r~ morgues notified to prepare for patients
or corpses.
The steamer floated on its side into
midstream and tugs, motor boats and
other river cratt swarmed about it.
firemen climbed on the hull, forced
openings in the steel hull and through
these searched the cabins for possible
Victims.
Situation Hopeless.
For the first two hours attempts were
made to revive every person taken from
the wreck. Then as the hopelessness
of resuscitating later victims became
apparent divers were summoned to ex
plore the depths of the boats, equipped
With ropes they groped their way into
the innermost recesses of the hull.
Every other minute their assistants
Horror Casts Gloom Over City;
Grand Jury Inquiry Is Likely
Scenes similar to those that followed
the Iroquois disaster cast gloom over
the city. Along South Water street,
Chicago’s great produce center, com
mission firms practically suspended
business and threw' open the doors of
their establishments as temporary
morgues and hospitals.
All big dow'n town department
stores hurried truckloads of blankets
to cover the dead and drenched women
and children who were huddled in
shivering groups.
Newspaper men were denied per
mission to go aboard the Roosevelt,
and policemen guarded its gangways.
They declined to say how many bodies
were aboard i*:e ship, but rows of
corpses could be seen on the decks.
Frantic efforts were being made to
revive victims. A score of pulmotors
were brought into use and when life
was found to be extinct the bodies
were carried to another part of the
ship and placed in rows.
Checking Up the Dead.
All available employes of the city
hall were sent to the scene by Com
missioner of Public Works Moore
house, acting mayor, to assist in the
work of checking up the names of all
persons saved and the dead. Tugs in
the service of the city were sent
blocks below the scene to search for
bodies which had drifted.
Grand Jury investigation was fore
cast when Walter K. Greenbaum, gen
eral manager of the Indiana Transpor
tation company, which chartered the
steamer Kastland for the outing, was
summoned to the state’s attorney office
i and questioned by State's Attorney
4 Hoyne.
Mr. Hoyne was at his home when
P informed of the disaster. He notified
assistants to make the inquiry.
Xhere were more than 200 doctors
signalled to "pull,” and another
victim was added to the number of
dead. It was the results of the divers'
work that caused the coroner and po
lice estimates to mount above 1,000.
Police and fire tugs organized the
river craft into a rescue fleet Boats
were directed to cruise down the river
and watch for bodies, and the sanitary
canal trustees were asked to close the
dam at Lockport, 111., thus shutting off
th.e current of the river in order to aid
in this work.
Rumors of the disaster spread rap
idly. Its full significance was realized
when motor trucks, piled high with
blanketed forms, rolled through the
"loop” district to morgues and under
taking establishments.
Worse Than Iroquois.
"It’s worse than the Iroquois,” was
the word that went about the streets,
and immediately the. city went into
mourning. The American and Federal
league baseball games were called off,
many theaters announced that their
doors would be closed tonight and
churches summoned their members to
pray for the dead and offer comfort to
the living. Flags were lowered to half
mast and mourning symbols were
draped on many business establish
ments.
Gray lead.en clouds that overhung the
city early in the day grew heavier
toward noon and a steady drizzle
turned into rain. Watchers at the
wreck held their places despite the
hopeless conditions, and searchers
for missing persons continued their
wearing rounds of the morgues.
Identification of victims offered com
paratively few difficulties, practically
all having been drowned. Measures
were taken by the police and electric
company to systematize the work of
Identification, and these were in full
operation later in the day.
working over the victims in the tem
porary hospitals by 10 o’clock. Rev.
Father J. K. Fielding and Father John
O’Hearn were soon at the scene ad
ministering the last rites.
"Nine girls and I were in a state
room having a little party of our own
when all of a sudden we felt the boat
going over," said Miss Lottie Ander
son, one of the survivors.
Screams Were Maddening.
"We all fell into a heap. The screams
and shrieks of the women in other
staterooms were maddening. I fell
into the water and did not see my sis
ter or any of the eight others after
that."
Joe Brozak related how he was saved
from death because his coat caught on
a nail. "I was with a party of four
and they were all drowned." said
Brozak. "My coat caught on a nail
and when the boat went over. I was
held above the water. If it had not
been for the nail, I should now be at
the bottom of the river, I suppose,
with the others of my party.”
Six government inspectors were
working on the docks when the East
land turned over. They were in charge
of Inspector R. H. McCurry.
"Two inspectors were assigned to
the Eastland." McCurry said, "to see
that the boat was not overcrowded.
The ship had taken on all thut she
would hold and the two inspectors had
turned many others away. She was
ready to sail when the accident oc
curred.
"The sinking of the ship came to me
like a streak of lightning; it all hap
pened so suddenly.”
More than 50.000 ollv,e trees are be
ing planted on 15,000 acres of land near
Marysville, Cal.
I - __ _
<
i ■
f & s
!
I
I ■
Following Is the official text of the
document:
"The Secretary of State to Ambas
sador Gerard.—Department of State,
Washington, D. C., July 21, 1915.— You
are instructed to deliver textually the
following note to the minister of for
eign affairs:
"The note of the Imperial German
government, dated the 8th of July,
1915, has received the careful consid
eration of the government of the Uni
ted States, and tt regrets to be obliged
to say that It has found It very unsat
isfactory, because it fslls to meet the
real differences between the two gov
ernments, and indicates no way in
which the accepted principles of law
and humanity may be applied in the
grave matter in controversy, but pro
poses. on the contrary, arrangements
for a partial suspension of those prin
ciples which virtually set them aside.
"The government of the United
States notes with satisfaction that the
imperial German government recog
nizes without reservation the validity
of the principles insisted on in the
several communications which this
government has addressed to the im
perial German government with re
gard to its announcement of a war
zone and the use of submarines against
merchantment on the high seas—the
principle that the high seas are free:
that the character and cargo of a mer
chantman must first be ascertained be
fore she can lawfully be seized or de
stroyed, and that the lives of non
combatants may in no case be put in
jeopardy unless the vessel resists or
seeks to escape after being summoned
to submit to examination; for a bel
ligerent act of retaliation Is per se an
act beyond the law, and the defense
of an act as retaliatory is an admis
sion that It is illegal.
Beside the Question.
"The government of the United
States is, however, keenly disappoint
ed to find that the imperial German
government regards itself as in large
degree exempt from the obligation to
observe these principles, even where
neutral vessels are concerned, by what
It believes the policy and practice of
the government of Great Britain to be
In the present war with Tigard to neu
tral commerce.
"The imperial German government
will readily understand that the gov
ernment of the United States cannot
discuss the policy of the government
of Great Britain with regard to neu
tral trade except with that government
Itself, and that It must regard the con
duct of other belligerent governments
are Irrelevant to any discussions with
the Imperial German government of
what this government regards as
grave and unjust violations of the
rights of American citizens by German
naval commanders. Illegal and In
human acts, however Justifiable they
may be thought to be, against an en
emy who Is believed to have acted in
contravention of law and humanity,
are manifestly indefensible when they
deprive neutrals of their acknowl
edged rights, particularly when they
violate the right to life itself.
"If a belligerent cannot retaliate
against an enemy without Injuring the
lives of neutrals, as well as their prop
erty, humanity, as well as Justice and
a due regard for the dignity of neu
tral powers, should dictate that the
practice be discontinued, if persisted
In it will under such circumstances
constitute an Unpardonable offense
against the sovereignty of the neutral
nation affected.
“The government of the United
States Is not unmindful of the extraor
dinary conditions created by this war
or of the radical alterations of circum
stances and metjiod of attack produced
by the use of instrumentalities of naval
warfare which the nations of the world
cannot have had in view when the
existing rules of international law were
formulated, and It is ready to make
every reasonable allowance for these
novel and unexpected aspects of war at
sea, but it cannot consent to abate any
essential or fundamental right of Its
people because of a mere alteration of
circumstances. The rights of neutrals
in time of war are based upon prin
ciples. not upon expediency, and the
principles are immutable. It is the
duty and obligation of belligerents to
find a way to adapt the new circum
stances to them.
Can Observe the Law.
"The events of the past two months
have clearly indicated that it Is pos
sible and practicable to conduct such
submarine operations as have charac
terized the activity of the Imperial Ger
man navy within the so-called war zone
in substantial accord with the accepted
practices of regulated warfare. The
whole world has looked with interest
and increasing satisfaction at the dem
onstration of that possibility by German
naval commanders. It is manifestly
possible, therefore, to lift the whole
practice of submarine attack above the
criticism which It has aroused and re
move the chief causes of offense. In
view of the admission of illegality made
by the Imperial German government
when it pleaded the right of retaliation
In defense of its acts, and in view of
the manifest possibility of conforming
to the established rules of naval war
fare, the government of the United
States cannot believe that the Imperial
government will longer refrain from
disavowing the wanton act of its naval
commander In sinking the Lusitania or
from offering reparation for the Ameri
can lives lost so far as reparation can
bo made for a needless destruction of
human life by an illegal act.
"The government of the United
States, while not Indifferent to the
friendly spirit in which it is made, can
not accept the suggestion of the im
perial government that certain vessels
be designated and agreed upon which
shall be free on the seas now illegally
proscribed. The very agreement would
be an implication, subject other ves
sels to illegal attack and would be a
curtailment and therefore an abandon
ment of the principles for which this
government contends and which in
times of calmer counsels every nation
would concede as a matter of course.
"The government of the United
States and the Imperial German gov
ernment are contending for the same
great object and have long stood to
gether In urging the very principle*
upon which the government of th*
United States now solemnly Insists.
They are both contending for the free
dom of the seas. And the government
pf the United States will continue to
contend for that freedom, from what
ever quarter violated, without com
promise and at any cost. It insists
in the practical co-operation of th*
imperial German government at this
time when co-operation may accom
plish most, and this great common ob
lect be most strikingly and effectively
ichieved.
"The imperial German government
expresses the hope that this object
may in some manner be accomplished
even after the war ends. It can be.
rhe government of the United States
lot only feels obliged to Insist upon it
t»y whomsoever violated or ignored,
ind In the protection of its own citi
tens, but is also deeply Interested in
seeing It made practicable between
the belligerents themselves, and holds
Itself ready at any time to act as th*
common friend who may be privileged
to suggest a way.
"In the meantime the very valu*
which this government has upon th*
long and unbroken friendship between
the people and government of the Uni
ted States and the people and govern
ment of the German nation impels it
to impress very solemnly upon the im
perial government the necessity for &
scrupulous observance of neutral
rights in this critical matter. Friend
ship Itself prompts it to say to th*
Imperial German government that
repetition by the commanders of th*
German naval vessels of acts In con
travention of those rights must be re
garded by the government of the Uni
ted States when they affect American
citizens as deliberately unfriendly.
Signed, “Lansing."
KIDNAPER HUT;
Cowboy Posse Rounds Up
Sheepherder Bandit After
His Victim Had Made
Escape.
Idaho Falls, Id., July 26.-—Lon Dean,
& sheep herder, who admits that he
kidnaped E. A. Empey, a rich rancher,
was lodged In the Bonneville county
jail early today by cowboys after a
hard ride to save their captive from
would-be lynchers. Dean was captured i
on Sheep mountain last night, after '■
Empey had escaped.
Dean, a slightly built man, five feet,
four inches in height, explained his
crime by saying:
“I took this means of getting money,
as I thought I could do more good with
it than those who had it.”
Asked regarding the anxiety he had
caused the family of his wealthy cap
tive, he said: "I hadn’t thought of that.”
Dean, who claims Salem, Utah, as his
home, said he had a common school
education. Differing from the usual
run of “bad men” whose minds have
been nourished on cheap "thrillers,”
Dean’s reading has been chiefly the
works of Darwin, Huxley, Payne and
Ingersoll.
Planned Deed Long Time.
Continuing his story of the kidnap
ing, Dean said that he had worked
for Empey five years ago. Early in
the summer he was in Colorado, then
went to Bailey, Id. He said he had
planned the kidnaping for some time.
After abducting Empey at the point of
a gun at his ranch 40 miles from here
several days ago, he took his captive
to a hut on Sheep mountain, five miles
from the ranch. Empey’s young son
was sent to notify the family that
Empey would be killed unless a ran
som of $6,000 in gold was deposited at
a designated spot. The ransom was
raised yesterday, and would have been
paid had not Empey escaped while his
captor was asleep.
Dean, in recounting hts exploit said:
“If the money had not been delivered,
I would not have killed Empey, but I do
not know when I would have turned
him loose. I treated him well and gave
him the best of everything. I stolG
food from several *eep camps, and
always gave Empey the best of what
I had. If the money had not been de
livered and Empey had not escaped,
I probably would have written another
letter, repeating my demands.”
Empey today was at the Long Val
ley ranch, where he took refugee after
escaping and sending cowboys to
search for his captor. He is in good
health and said he had suffered noth
ing from his week’s captivity, although
he had had very little rest.
Tied Victim to Tree.
“Dean kept me fastened to a tree
with a chain and padlock,” he 6aid.
“He gave me the best of food and bed
ding and seemed to try to take excel
lent care of me. I thought him de
mented and my captivity was more
trying on that account. I was ex
hausted after my escape yesterday be
cause I had run three miles down the
mountain. I do not care to go through
such an experience again.”
After Empey's escape, a posse of
cowbovs sarted for the place he de
scribed on Sheep mountain. They found
dean at the foot of the hill, having
come down, presumably, in search of
his late captive. Dean was surround
ed and captured. The sheriff was no
tified and went to the spot. The sher
iff's automobile was halted several
times by cowboys before he convinced
the guards of his identity and persuad
ed them to turn the prisoner over to
him.
PETE COMPTON, K. C.
STAR, FORESAKES SHAY
1J" t
Kansas City. Mo., July 24.—Peter
Compton, outfielder with the Kansas
City American association baseball
team, announced he had joined the
Federal league, and left on a late train
for St. Louis, wtiere he expects to ap
pear in a St. Louis uniform today.
Ultimate expenditure on Toronto har
bor Is expected to be between $20,000,00j
and $26,000,000.
*•
TWO-YEAR-OLD BOY
MISSING FROM HOME
Parents of Cecil Goldthorpe
Find Child’s Hat In the
Creek.
Mason City, la.. July 26.—Cecil
Goldthorpe, aged 2 years, Is missing
from home since 11 o'clock yesterday.
His parents live on a farm five miles
west of here. Neighbors and residents
of Clear Lake and Mason City are
scouring the country for the child. His
hat was found In a nearby creek, but
the body of the child cannot be found.
Waterloo bloodhounds arrived this
morning to assist in the Bearch.
SENT TOFUNSTON
Told to Train Artillery on
Mexican Troops If Neces
sary to Prevent Fight
ing on Border.
San Antonio, Tex., July 24.—Definite
orders have been received from Wash
ington by Maj. Gen. Frederick Funs
ton, commanding the border troops, to
repel any firing on American territory
In fighting between Carranza and Villa
forces at Nogales and Naco.
Washington, July 24.—General Funs
ton's orders to repel any firing into
American territory in fighting along
the Mexican borders are the most dras
tic the war department has yet given
for protection of Americans in Naco
ind Nogales or any other place where
they are endangered by battles be
tween the Mexican factions Just over
the line.
It is understood that both Carranza
and Villa have been notified that the
United State* will use force to pre
vent harm to Americans through any
violation of the so-called neutrality
agreement by which Brigadier General
Scott, chief of staff of the army, got
the factions to agree not to battle
where their fire would fall over the
border.
General Funston's orders do not
mean that he must send United States
troops over the border into Mexico. Of
ficials have previously emphasized
that repelling the Mexican fire by
rorce Is in no sense an invasion of
Mexico. It would really be consid
ered as a lawful act to repel invasion
from Mexico. If forced to act. Gen
eral Fisnston probably would place his
artillery in position to drive the Mex
ican factions so far from the border
that American territory would not be
threatened by their battle.
EVERS SHAKES PAWS
WITH UMPS; SPAT OVER
Boston, July 24.—The trouble which
developed between Umpire Quigley and
Captain Evers, of the Boston Braves,
yesterday, when the umpire is said to
have punched Evers, claiming that the
latter had stepped on his foot, was ap
parently smoothed over today, after
President Tener, of the National league,
had made a personal investigation of
the incident. Before yesterday's game
Quigley and Evers shook hands, set
tling their personal quarrels.
WESTERN PACIFIC IS
SUED FOR $18,000.000
New York, July 24.—The New York
rrust company as trustee under an ud
lustrr.ent mortgage of the Denver &
Rio Grande Railway company, of
Colorado and Utah today began two
suits in the supreme court against the
Western Pacific railway, a California
corporation. The first suit is for J14,
590,089.51, and the second action is for
14,375.000.
ar: _ * .
IRON RING IS DRAWING
CLOSER AROUT WARSAW
Germans Gradually Forcing Way Toward Polish Capital—
Desperately Battling Russians Hope to Check Enemy
When Troops Retire to Fortified Positions.
London, July 26.—From all sides ex
cept the east, Teutonic armies are con
tinuing their concerted pressure on
Warsaw, the fate of which still hangs
In the balance.
Direct assaults upon the fortresses
protecting the city are weakening the
defenses, the Germans claim. They
are hammering especially hard upon
Ivangorod.
South of Lublin the battle still rages
fiercely, neither side claiming advant
age.
Northeast of the Polish capital. Field
Marshal Von Hindenburg's forces are
pressing hard upon the Russian bridge
head at Rosen. Petrograd is silent on
the outcome.
The German campaign In Courland
Is admittedly progressing favorably to
the Invaders.
There is hard fighting along the Bug:
near the Galician border. Both Aus
trians and Germans declare the results
so far are satisfactory. Petrograd re
ports Indicate a desperate resistance
by the Russians.
Petrograd, (via London), July 24.—
Field Marshal Von Mackenzen, oper
ating between the Bug and the Vist
ula, continues his wild sledge hammer
blows against the Chelm-Lublln line
of the Russians, directing them now
particularly against the city of Lub
lin. His immediate objectives are Bel
zyce, Travniki, Vosslavitze and Grube
chow. Belzyce is 12 miles southwest
of Lublin.
Of only slightly less importance in
this region are the battles on the Bug
between Krylow and Dobrotovra. West
of Warsaw the Russians have moved
bark to their second line of defenses
at Blonie and Nadarzyn, and their po
sitions in front of Ivangorod. The lat
ter positions are regarded the strong
est in the Russian line, as is indicated
by the fact that the Germans assaulted
them furiously in their former cam
paigns against Warsaw, and were un
able to breach them.
To the northward, battles are raging
at Novogeorgivsk and along the entire
narrow line, which embraces the strong
points of Pultusk and Rozan, com
manding the crossing in the bend of
the River Ostrolenka and Lomza.
WILSON ASKS REPORT
ON STATE OF DEFENSE
Coincident With Dispatch of Near Ultimatum to Berlin Presi
dent Begins Consideration of American Naval and
Military Needs.
GORIZIA IS TAKEN
Strategic Point Long Under
Siege Reported to Have
Fallen Into Hands of
Invaders.
Geneva, (via Paris), July 26.—A dis
patch to the Tribune from Milan, says:
"Many persons arriving at Milan
state that after severe fighting the
Italian troops have taken Gorizia."
Gorizia long has been an objective
of the Italian army. It is one of the
strategic strongholds of the Austrian
chain of defenses along the Isonzo
front and Is the capital of the province
of that name. The operations in the
vicinity of Gorizia have been extremely
difficult because of the mountainous
nature of the surrounding territory and
the strength of the defense. If this
point has been captured, as reported, it
marks an important gain for the
Italians and doubtless will influence the
conduct of the campaign on the re
mainder of the Isonzo battle line.
GIDEONS OFFER PEACE
PRAYER AT CONVENTION
Pcs Moines, la., July 24—The Gideons
In national convention here today sent
a telegram to President Wilson assur
ing him of loyal support. Convention
was halted while prayers for peace
were repeated.
Senator Cummins today declared that
in his opinion Germany will now
change her position and respect the
rights of American citizens on high
seas. He stated that President Wilson's
last note Is logical and a "sound state
ment of International law."
Washington, D. C., July 26.—
Official ann ncement toJay that
the president Intends to give thor
ough consideration to the problem
of national defense, though not ad
mitted to have direct relation to
the German and Mexican situations,
is generally view.d here as related
to them. That it will impress the
country with the seriousness of the
German situation is believed. One
reason for the announcement is the
sharp criticism by Roosevelt of the
failure of the administration to
prepare. Today's announcement is
In part intended to neutralize
Roosevelt’s criticism.
Washington, D. C., July 24.—Formal
announcement was made at the White
House today that President Wilson on
his return to Washington will confer
with Secretaries Garrison and Daniels
on a program for national defense. The
president has written to the heads of
the war and navy department for re
ports on the subject, pointing out the
necessity for working out plans for
increasing the efficiency of the mili
tary arms of the government.
The White House statement follows:
“The president has been considering
every phase of the matter of national
defense and Intends immediately on his
return to Washington to confer with
the secretary of war and the secretary
of navy, his purpose being to procure
Information on which he can formulate
a sane, reasonable and practical pro
gram of national defense.”
Although nothing was stated offi
cially concerning the purpose of the
government it was hinted officially that
with the dispatch of the emphatic note
to Germany the president had decided
to hasten the reports and recommenda
tions being prepared by the war and
navy departments for the regular ses
sion of congress, so that all necessary
information might be available if
emergency arose.
As yet there are no intimations that
the president has fixed any definite
time for submitting the program of na
tional defense to congress, but his pur
pose is said to be to map out compre
hensive plans so that no time will bs
lost should he decide to call a special
session.
From petroleum an English chemist
has produced a substitute for that most
costly of perfumes—attar of roses.
The human race is subject to about,
1,200 kinds of diseases and ailments, tg
say nothing of other dangers.