g ■ -.===== -.= t HOW RUSSIA'S GRAND ♦ ♦ COMMANDER LIVES ♦ ♦ ♦ (Correspondence of Assoclsted Press.) Petrograd-The headquarters of th# Grand Duke Nicholas Is on hoard a special train of six cars. In which h* Jumps from one Held of activity to another at frequent Intervals ss the necessities of strategy dic tate. Sometimes the train stands on th# same siding for a fortnight at a time. Sometimes only for an hour, but at all times the locomotive has steam up, ready at an Instant's notice to be on the way again. It Is in this moving habitation that the commander In chief of the Rus sian armies spends practically all his flights and a considerable proportion of his days He has also a fixed headquarters, located far behind the lines In a little town so peaceful and Isolated that It has never yet aroused the curiosity of the German aeroplane or Zeppelin scouts. The place Is well but unostentatiously guarded. The grand duke’s train consists of a new lo comotive, a sleeping car, a dining car, a parlor car and an ordinary first class coach, followed by two baggage vans, Bach containing a high powered motor car which can be quickly unloaded and used for trips to points not reached by the rail road lines. Whenever the train stops, •entries with fixed bayonets take their places silently at each doorway and at the front and rear. By night the train runs without any lights visible from out •lde, except the necessary signal lamps. The commander In chief and his staff, be hind curtained windows, work late Into the night The grand duke seldom retires before midnight, and four or five hours Is as much as he allows himself for sleep. Throughout the empire the war has made the grand duke the great popular hero of the day. His lofty stature, his fearless honesty, his sharp haughty sever ity, his reputation for firmness and Justice his strict adherence to discipline, are all qualities which appeal to the popular mind more directly In time of war than In peace. Innumerable anecdotes are related of him, and on all sides one may hear the hope expressed that he will go Into poli ties after the war and rid the country of some of the obvious drawbacks of the old bureaucracy. But those close to the grand duke say. that he has no Inclination for politics, and many doubt whether the qualities which make him a popular Idol as commander In chief would appear with equal advantage If his sphere of action were political rather than military. One of the grand duke's pet aversions Is the Gerirann-Russlan population of the country, which Is particularly numerous and Influential In the northwest and Is also rather firmly established In Petro grad. Many of the Russo-Germans are excellent citizens and unquestionably loyal to Russia: many others however, are either admittedly pro-German or of doubt ful loyalty. The grand duke has heen the chief barker of the campaign which has recently heen carried out In Petrograd against this class of citizens. It Is said that the grand duke recently remarked to his nephew, the czar: "You may feel quite at esse with regard to the Germans at the front. T will undertake to give them a thorough heating. I only wish you could be sure that the rncmv In your own court Would be as well handled.” War Hurts Sugar Industry. The effect of the present war In Europe en the geography of the world's sugar production Is strikingly shown In a state ment Just Issued by the National Geo graphic society. This statement Is as fol lows: Fifty-three out of every 100 pounds of SugaT produced In the world Is grown In the countries now at war and their eol • onles. The total production of the world Is estimated at approximately 18.000,000 I tons This production Is made up of cane sugar and beet sugar, the total yield of t cane sugar having been 9,545,000 tons, and of beet sugar, 8,438,000 tons In 1913. One of the peculiar facts connected with the sugar map of the world Is that while Eurone produces more than 93 out of ev ery 100 pounds of beet sugar grown, It yields only one pound out of every 600 of cane sugar Of Europe’s total production of beet sugar, amounting to 7.808,000 tons, 5,666 *00 tons grew In belligerent territory In 1913, Nearly all of this product Is now entl'-ely Isolated from the outside world, heir- grown mainly In Germany. Aus trla-lfungnrv and Russia. WhHt Ihla means to (he world Is revenled bv- the fact that more than two-thirds of the world s sugar Is not consumed In tho country of Its origin, this condition arl.e. lug from the fact that the great sugar usln- nations nre prlminally outside of the belts of sugar production. Any scarcity of sugar, growing out of the wn". will affect the United States more seriously than any other country, for, the reason that American people are f; per caplin the heaviest users of sugar In the world. With l-60th of the world's population, the United States consumes more than one-fifth of Its sugar. How rapidly Ibis country Is becoming a nation of sugar eaters Is revealed by a reference to the tables of sugar consumption of the past half century. FIftv years ago the peonle of the United States ate 18 pounds of sugar per capita. Five years later. In 1870. they were using 33 pounds per capita,. In 1880, the per capita consumption had gone up to 40 pounds Twcnt.v-flve years ago It had risen to 51 pounds. In 1900 It had climbed sill! higher to 59 pounds. By l 1910 the mercury In the sugar consump tion thermometer reached 80. Today the per capita consumption Is upwards of 85 pounds. It appears that the cane sugar Industry will suffer little In the matter of the total crop yield as a result of the war. On the other hand the beet sugar huglness will Suffer heavily. The present Russian crop has been almost entirely tied up by In ability to get exivorts out of the country, while nexf year's crop is threatened with ( a si.^tffge rfSultlng from the destruction of the Industry In Poland, where so much •of Russia's sugar Is nroduced. The re i .-ports from France Indicate that the rich "Sugar beet lands of the northern section -were harvested last season under the di rection of the Germans and that most of the Itttgar factories In this territory "have,liven dismantled to secure their cop 5VSP ;or the manufacture of war muni Information from Germany Indicates that the empire will plant only three fourths of its normal area In sugar beets this year. This would result In cutting Sown Germany's sugar yield by more than 450,000 tons Of course, the prospective shortage in beet sugar production will be somewhat offset bv the falling off In sugar consump tion Incident to the financial stringency of the world, caused by the war. Great Rrit : »ln annually buying nearly 4.000.000 tons Of sugar, probably will cut down Its con i' lumptton as much as Germany will cut lown Its production. _ _ Sure It Tough. 1; From Everybody’s Magazine. Two country darkles listened, awe struck, while some planters discussed the tremendous range of the new Ger man gun*. \ ’’De.r now,” exclaimed one negro, * when his master had finished expatiat ing on the hideous havoc wrought by a 42-centlmeter shell, '‘Jes' lak I bln tellln’ yo' nlggehs all de time! Don't les' have no guns lak dem roun' heah! Why, us nlggehs could start runnln’ er ivay—run all day, git almos' home free, an 'den kit kilt jus’ befo' suppeh!” “Pat’s de trufe,” assented his com panion. “an’ lemme tell you’ sumpln’ else. Bo. All dem guns need Is Jus' yo’ ad-dress, dot's all: Jes' glv' 'em de ad dress, an’ they’ll git yo'.’’ A Good Catch. From Everybody’s Magazine. A party bent on "Seeing London" rolled out of Hyde park In a big auto mobile and listened wfth undisguised Interest, to the guide’s explanation of the various places of Interest. Present ly they passed an ancient edifice, sur rounded by a high brick wall. “That is the town house of the Duke of Pea. one of our largest landed proprietors,” said the guide. The eyes of the beautiful young American girl on the rear seat were suddenly Illuminated. “Who landed him?” she cried. BY DR. W. A. EVANS. This condition Is brought about by the hypodermic Injection of morphine and hyoscin. Ordinarily the method Is called by physicians the morphln-sco polamlne method. Scopolamine and hy oscin commercially are the same sub stance. The commonly employed method is to Inject one-sixth of a grain of mor phine and l,2t0th of a grain of scopola mine. There Is nothing out of the or dinary In the Injection of one-sixth of a grain of manhlne. Commonly, mor phine Is combined with atropine In a hypodermic injection, the dose of the one being one-fourth of R grain and of the latter 1-150 of a grain. Atropine and hyoscin are related. Atropine Is derived from the belladon na plant and the very similar drug, hyoscin, comes from henbane. Though the plants belong to the same family, and though the drugs are chemically almost the same, the effects of the drugs differ somewhat. Especially is this true when the drugs are combined with morphine. Morphine apd hyoscin have an effect markedly different from that of mor phine and atropine. Many people have taken one or more doses of morphine and hyoscin. While net a frequent com bination, it Is not a rarely used one. Nearly every drinking man subject to the “monkeys” has been sobered up on morphine and hyoscin. Then, a good many thousands of peo ple have taken the so-called twilight sleep without knowing It. Many addi tional thousands have seen these peo ple when they have been quieted with morphlne-hyoscln. This makes it easier for the average man or woman to es timate It, to form an opinion concern ing It. It la not ns if something was to bo Judged which had come entirely unknown from far away Freiberg. To produce the twilight sleep In a woman during childbirth the physician gives a hypodermic Injection consisting of one-sixth of a grain of morphine and 1-150 of a grain of hyoscin hydrobro mlde, also called scopolamine hydro bromide. Ten minutes after the Injec tion the effects begin. They last for about eight hours. Yi I— ___* 1.. _ i . j. 1-8 and 1-130, respectively. Of course there Is a fairly heavy death rate among babies 1 day old and less. Where the care given Is very skillful the rate Is low. The women now using twilight sleep are being cared for In high grade hospitals. The death rate Is very low among babies born In Buch hospitals. The authorities are generally agreed that the baby's chance of living where twilight sleep has been used Is not the average chance prevailing fn that and similarly well equipped hospitals. The prospective mother. In coming to a conclusion, must figure that her baby will run an extra risk. When the method of twilight sleep was exploited to the public a few years ago there wore pictures of strong, healthy chil dren who had been born to mothers under twilight sleep. They were placed by the side of other children not so well developed. It was argued that babies born under twilight sleep started growing at once, and grew away from other children like magic. Those arguments were by ninnies for ninnies. Taking one dose of morphine does not make a child grow and keep him growing for 10 years. Had that been true the babies brought up In the old paragorlc days would have grewn to be 10 feet In height and a ton In weight. The prospective mother, weigh ing the advantages of the methed, should not count on added vigor of the baby lasting throughout childhood. There Is a general agreement that the mother, though she Is better off mentally, Is not so well of physically as under other methods. In the first place, there Is a considerable death rate among the people who take twilight sleep. The method Is not a new one. It was proposed In 1899 as a method of anes thesia for surgical operations. It has had two ebbs and three flows. Its present use dates back 10 years. In the reports of literature we find such titles as “A Report of 650 Cases,” “A Report of 2, 000 Cases,” “A Report of 3,080 Cases.” Wood reported 2,000 cases with nine deaths, a death rate of one in 221. Reth gave the death rate as one In 250. It Is not possible to say with any de gree of accuracy what the death rate would have been had these same people been cared for under the same circum stances except that chloroform had been used In place of morphlne-hyos cln. Nevertheless, the writers on the subject advise that the twilight sleep method should not be used unless the mother Is being cared for In a hospital well equipped with nurses and Internes. This opinion Is founded on the opin ion that accidents are more prone to occur than In ordinary labors, and that emergencies are of a nature which can be successfully overcome provided they are promptly recognized and adequate ly met. Therefore, the woman trying to decide should take Into considera tion Borne ndded danger to herself, which danger she can materially lessen by going to a hospital. the dose. In that event it is customary to give a smaller dose. This can be repeated several times. Most authorities advise that where It Is anticipated that a prolonged effect will be required the doses be made smaller and be repeated as required. Within a few minutes after the dose Is taken a sensation of dryness Is felt In the mouth. The mental agitation subsides. The nose itches. The face becomes red. In fact, the features ap pear turgid and a little swollen. There may be a mild delirium. The patient Is disposed to talk Incoherently. The patient will start to say something, and In the middle of a sentence will switch to another thought. Each thought Is sensible and proper. The abnormality consists In the tend ency of the mind to hop from one to another. Or a sentence will be started, and in It there will be Inserted a word In no wny related to the balance of the sentence. Presently It will appear that the word used had reference to some other though In the patient’s mind. The fault did not lie In a sense less jumble of words In the patient's mind. Tne words were good, the Ideas were good; the Jumbling was In the wny they were hooked out. Sleep Is Intermittent: walking Is easy; falling back to sleep Is easy. Perhaps the most striking quality of this condition Is calm. All agitation Is gone. There Is no fright. There Is ho worry, no anxiety, no agitation. There Is Indiffer ence to everything. The speech Is calm, slow, quiet. All writers on twilight sleep empha size this condition of mental calm as the overshadowing effect of the drug. Hewitt In his bock on anaesthesia writes of "The contented somnolent sleep.” He says that the method Is especially applicable “to highly ner vous, apprehensive, sensitive subjects who are terrorized.” Wood says of hyoscin that It Is especially valuable In those cases of Insomnia In which there is a continued flow of thoughts through an excited brain. When presently the use of twilight sleep in childbirth Is under discussion reference wiy again be made to these quotations. Among the less prominent effects from this combination noted by observ ers are dilation of the pupils and slight depression of the breathing centers. Since the medicine produces consti pation Its use should be followed by a purge. i Papuan Head Hunters. From the Wide World. All the Bamu tribes are head hunt ers, and the majority cannibals. The bodies of those slain are generally mu tilated, and the legs and arms cut off as well as the heads; the calf of the tegs and the hands are, I believe, the two portions most esteemed. One very powerful tribe In the Bamu, called Bina, always, It Is said, takes two heads and two sets of arms and legs for every man of theirs that has been killed. Reads, besides being the badge of a warrior and Items of considerable so cial significance, play a prominent part In ceremony and dances. They are al ways cut off with the bamboo head knife, a weapon which is used from the Dutch boundary to the Purarl delta. This knife Is a half section of bamboo with a handle; a notch is made at the head of the blade and a thin silver of bamboo torn off. leaving a sharp edge. For each successive head an additional notch is made and another slice torn off; consequently, each knife is Its own recorder. 1 picked up one knife a few years ago, all red with fresh blood, that had eight notches In it. On this game Bamu river trip I saw my first heads. There had been a serious massacre at one village, and when we arrived at the place there were several headless, legless and arm less trunks lying about. Some of the police went out to look for tracks, and not long after a sergeant came back swinging a bundle of fresh heads that the raiders had evidently dropped in their fight. The sight was not partic ularly pleasant, but It reminded me of nothing so much as a string of onions. Once, when I was on the Upper Klko river, a long way inland from the head of the Gulf of Papua, I found that the natives there did not, apparently, col lect heads, but hands, which were smoke dried and then hung round the neck as ornaments! They were quite willing to dispose of them at a toma hawk apiece—I suppose on the princi ple that hands were easy enough to get, but tomahawks were scarce. Fain? are in great measure relieved. In addition, and this Is the more Im portant point, the pain Impulse Is pres ent, but It does not register. The man at the speaking end of the telephone Is ringing his bell but the bell at central is not ringing because it Is not hooked up, or maybe the bell at central Is ringing but the girl at the switchboard is reading a novel and pays no atten tion to It. Maybe the woman in labor is suffering pain, but she is tpdifferent to it while it lasts and after it Is over she has little recollection of it. There is enough of a description of the state of body and mind of a person under twilight sleep to serve two pur poses. First, some people who have taken it will be able to recognise their experiences. Some of the old monkey threatened soaks will see that they are competent from experience to advise expectant mothers. “There are ser mons In stones and good in everything.” In the second place, some women who now have the matter under considera tion may be helped to a conclusion. When the drug is deposited under the skin It flows at once into blood capill aries. Through these it gets into the general blood supply. It is carried to the brain. The effects noted above are the result of the action of the drug on the brain centers. In thq case of a prospective mother a proportionate part of the drug passes from the blood of the mother into the blood of her baby. The effects on the mother are duplicated on her baby. When the baby is born it at once cries out. This crying out is a protest against the chill of the air. A baby born while In the twiltght sleep Is not disposed to cry out. It is in a state of somnolent content. The crying out phenomena Is a good thing for baby. It cleans out his mouth and nose. Much more Important, it expands his lungs. It stimulates the flow of the blood. The baby can be otherwise shocked into crying out or into expanding its lungs and waking up. Nevertheless, all In all, the baby who cries out gets a better start than the other baby. It has been found that the use of twilight sleep does hazard tho life of the baby Most of those who object to Its use take that position in the n*iln because of tho Increased death rate of the babies. Hatcher, who made an excellent study of the subject, said that no mother had died where the dose was less than 1-6 grain of morphine and 1-130 grain of hyosetn. One writer re ports a death when the dose was 1-8 grain of morphine and 1-100 grain hy osclti. The principal death rate recorded Is among babies. Some of these fail to survive when the doses are as low as A City Made to Order. From the Indianapolis News. If there la anything romantic about the grime and noise of a steel plant. Gary, Ind., will not lack material for an absorbing history. Nine years ago, April 18, officials of the United States Steep Corporation caused a carload of cinders to be dumped on the sand dunes over which has since spread the city of Gary. It Is this city which has now voted Itself Into the second class. In 1912 Its population was 30,000. This year It counts close up to 60,000. No one knows but that the next few years will witness an even greater Increase. The story of Gary Is essentially that of the steel trust. Nine years ago the corporation cast about for a midwest ern site. It wanted a combination of rail and water transportation, cheap land and plenty of room In which to expand. A place at the southern ex tremity of Lake Michigan, six miles east of Indiana harbor and 26 miles southeast of Chicago, was selected, and was called Gary, after Judge E. H. Gary, executive head of the trust. The city Itself is an example of the power of wealth to create wealth. The steel trust, alive only to Its own for tune. could not prevent—nor did It seek to prevent—other firms and hundreds of persons from growing rich. The opponents of unearned Increment as ap propriated by fortunate speculators In land, have been treated to a remark able spectacle In Gary. Ftom the time the first load of material was dumped on the shore of Lake Michigan, Gary has prospered. It Is a city made to or der. The steel trust, through Its sub sidiary, the Indiana Steel company, needed a convenient city of 190,000 population—a population largely de voted to the manufacture of steel and allied products. Gary has not yet reached the 100,000 mark, but it seems likely to. The great steel plants of the corpora tion attracted other plants, so that now the sand wastes are covered with yards and foundries and miles of city streets have been thrown out Into the open country._ Bar rooms are closed on Saturdays In Sweden because It Is payday, and the savings batiks are open until midnight. ROTTEN COFFEE. When your coffee is harsh an« aasty, you may know that the berriei have fallen from the tree, and have been swept up from the ground aftei a certain amount of deterioration. Remember, then, that there is one line of coffee that is all hand picked and pure, and buy a pound of Denison'e Coffee for trial. Denison’s Coffees are always packed in cans, cartons or bags. None other is genuine. If your grocer does not have Den ison’s Coffee, write the Denison Coffee Co., Chicago, 111., who will tell you where it may be purchased.—Adv. RELATIONS OF GOD AND MAN Gradual Readjustment Means a Con tinual Advance Toward the Higher Life. In studying the Bible it becomes in creasingly apparent that the relations between God and man are not con stant or fixed, but are subject to a gradual readjustment. In the earlier chapters the ideal held out is for man to "fear” God Later he learns to trust, to a limited extent, this higher life. Eventually this grudging faith is turned to love, which recognizes God as the father, constantly giving him self, as life and wisdom, to his chil dren. And beyond this comes that truitlon of growth which constitutes real unity; man is merged with God, and comes to realize that “l and the Father are one.” God never changes, but our under standing of him does change. And it is the evolution of this ideal which we have of the great sea of life in which we live, and which lives in and through us, which constitutes real growth and advancement. Life is for that; the everyday tasks tend toward the bringing forth of self-conscious ness, which is always a fuller consci ousness of God.—From the Nautilus. FEW CAN ESCAPE NOSTALGIA Homesickness Claims Victims From All Classes and From Every Variety of People. German sailors on steamships which are held up in New York are said to have, several of them, gone mad. Idle ness and homesickness are the causes, hospital authorities say. Homesickness finds strange victims. Army surgeons know that sometimes it kills. Often it is the man without a regular home who is most subject to nostalgia. This disturbance of soul, mind and body settles down upon the phlegmatic, the burly, the thick skinned. It takes them under sunny skies amid the earth's best loveliness and they moan for dirty streets where they played in childhood. Idleness breeds homesickness and active diversion cures it. It is akin to melancholia and comes in myste rious ways. Probably it arises from the biological impulse intended to an chor man in one place long enough for him to take root. Its opposing in stinct is the wanderlust. Explorers have confessed that the worst homesickness they have known ■was in the first few hours and days of their return. In familiar surround ings the marks of time’s inexorable progress were painfully apparent. Changes, small and large, tortured them by reminder of the precious past. Some have turned in despond ent revulsion to take up their roam ings again. m Summer Luncheons IIP* in a jiffy "III ■ Let Libby's splendid chefs relieve you " I ¥ of hot-weather cooking. Stock the * pantry ^ shelf with and the other good summer meats — including Libby’s Vienna Sausage—you II had them fresh and appetizing. Libby, MPNeffl a Libby, Chicago ■ Strange Death Message. It may have been a strange and tragic coincidence. Some will believe there was more in it than that. The husband of a Paris woman violinist, himself a musician, left for the front shortly after mobilization. His name was Remy. At parting he told his wife: “If I go under I will try to let you know directly before the official news reaches you.” She scarcely played any music during his absence. But the other day she took up her vio lin, feeling impelled to play one piece which he liked above all. She opened the case, and two strings of the violin suddenly snapped, the D and the E. “Re” and “Mi,” she at once thought. It was the warning he had said lie would give her. The next day a tele gram informed her that her husband. Sergeant Remy, had been killed in action. Fitness tor Reward. A Sunday school teacher had been telling her class of little boys about crowns of glory and heavenly rewards for good people. “Now, tell me,” she said, at the close of the lesson, “who will get the biggest crown?” There was silence for a minute or two, then a bright little chap piped out: “Him wot’s got t’ biggest ’ead.”— Tit-Bits. Murmur of a Misanthrope. “Can’t you get the telephone to an swer?” "No,” replied Mr. Growcher. “The operator is one woman I’d like to meet. She doesn’t show the slightest disposition to talk back.” Its Lack. "Has your son’s college a gewd cur riculum?" “No; they don't play none of them Greek games." By ordering spring lamb in a poor restaurant you realize how tough it Is to die young. Loving a woman is not the impor tant thing. Getting along with her after marriage is the important thing. --—| Habit. The doctor stood at the bedside of the sick purchasing agent and said: “Yes, I’m pretty sure I can cure you.” “What will you charge?” "Probably in the neighborhood of one hundred dollars.” The buyer rolled over with a groan and faintly replied: “You’ll have to shade that price considerably. I have a much better bid than that from the undertaker.”—Joseph Feeney, New York. Strictly Business. “Ah, my friend!" said the pedant. “Going out for a little piscatorial rec reation?” "Nope,” answered the person ad dressed. “I’m goin’ after my break fast. There ain’t no recreation in that fur me an’ there certainly ain’t goin’ to be none fur the fish I hope to ketch." Exploration. “What are your plans for the sum mer?” “Further exploration, I suppose," an swered Mr. Muvings. "I’m going to keep on looking for some place that carries out the impressions I get from the pictures of the summer resort post cards.” Color Change. “Your new assistant is blue over his work.” “I guess that is because he is so green about it.” A Human Dynamo. “Hustler; isn't he?" “Yes, that fellow kicks up as much dust as an automobile.” If a man tells a story pretty well his friends 6ay: "That fellow is good enough to be in vaudeville.” He Was Heap Careful. Said a western mining man at the istor hotel in New York city the other day, according to the Times: "We have a bachelor's mess In the mining camp where I’m located, and we usually have a Chinaman to do the cooking. Some of the Orientals are fine cooks, after they get over a few of the pecu liar ideas they have imbibed from their own country’s oddities in the culinary line. “Not long ago we got a new China man as cook. A couple of days later one of the fellows got a pedigreed Irish terrier pup given to him—a real dog. My friend had to go up to one of the mines that afternoon, and he turned the puppy over to the new Chinaman. ‘You be mighty careful of this dog,’ he said to the cook. ‘Me be heap careful,’ was the answer. "That night, at dinner, the new Chinaman brought on, with great ceremony, a covered dish. " ‘Me heap careful,’ he remarked, as, with a smile of pride, he removed the cover. "Underneath was the pedigreed pup, neatly cooked in the best Chinese ityle.” Specifying. Belle—I have been told my eyes are like jewels. Nell—So they are—like cat’s eyes. Will the suffragette have to acquire the big black cigar habit before she can make good as a political boss? I--— There’s Health and Strength In Every Package Sturdy bodies and alert minds can be built only on food that contains all of the necessary body-building elements in easily digestible form. Grape-Nuts FOOD contains all the nutrition of Nature’s richest grains, wheat and barley, including those vital mineral salts found in the outer coat. These salts, iron, lime, phosphorus, , are absolutely necessary to health, but are discarded in making white flour and most prepared foods. Grape-Nuts reaches you all ready to serve—convenient, nourishing and delicious. "There’s a Reason” — sold by Grocers everywhere.