Nebraska Newspapers

    LABRADOR FISHERMEN
ARE IN SORRY PLIGHT
belief Ship Sent North With Food For Starving Population—
War Cut Off Market For Their Fish and Crops Failed.
Hundreds In Desperate Plight.
St. Johns. N. P. Special: Relief for
Che destitute Inhabitants of the barren
SsLbrador region has been undertaken
by the New Poundland government and
the steamer, Kyle, Is now ploughing
her way through the Ice laden waters
off the Laborador coast. The Kyle la
carrying a cargo of provlsons to Sand
wich bay which Is about 100 miles north
St Battle Harbor, where Dr. Wilfrid T.
Irenfell maintains hls mission sta
tion and hospital.
The Kyle was chartered by the gov
•ernment after word had been received
from Dr. Grenfell and others of the
aerlous conditions prevailing In Labra
dor. Because the coast was choked with
tee as late as August 1, with resultant
low temperatures on land, the cod and
ether large fish were too torpid to mesh
In the nets or take halt, the smaller
fish held far off shore, potato plants
did not appear above the ground and
the berry crop was practically a fail
ure. The people had nothing to live
en but bread and tea. There was a
r444444444444444444 4 4 ♦ 44 »
JELLICOE IS ENGLAND; 4
ALL DEPENDS ON HIM 4
44444 +444+++44444444444444
Harold Begble In London Chronicle.
There Is no figure In the world at
the present moment so dramatlto ns
that of Sir John Jelllcoo. A British
admiral Is always a solitary man; but
ta war, and such a war as this, hls
aolltude Is appalling. When tie stands
en the bridge there is no one at hls
aide to consult with; he looks over the
aeo. and on every battleship, cruiser,
destroyer and torpedo boat swarming
around him a man with a spyglass
watches hls face; If he were to be
men, like a general, consulting with a
Siff, the whole fleet would curl Its
and feel a sinking of Its heart; no,
stands alone, and In an instant he
must make up hls mind, In a flash
hls orders must be given to every ship
under hls command, in the twinkling
ef an eye he must decide for every
•ahlp at sea. It is a one-man Job; the
Whole Issues of the British empire
bang upon that single brain; Sir John
Jelllcoe Is England as Nelson was
Hugland, and he Is Europe and the
world as no other man that ever lived
was Europe and the world.
Call Tor American Horace.
From the Philadelphia Ledger.
England la In the American market
for 10,000 horses. Dealers as a result of
the war demand are reaping a big
profit. More than 6,000 head have been
purchased In Pennsylvania and adjoin
ing states, and the prices the foreign
'buyers are paying ranges from 1100 to
MOO a head. Shipments are made to
London for delivery. The last ship
ment, comprising 70 horses, manifested
at $36,000, was shipped on the Atlantic
Transport company’s liner Minnehaha.
Which cleared from New York last
Wreck for London.
The demand for American horses
caused by the war, according to a
note Issued by the department of ag
riculture at Washington, may continue
a decade or longer, as when peace Is
restored, more horses will be needed for
agriculture. It Is conservatively esti
mated that 1,000,000 horses are now en
gaged In the war.
A special train of 27 cars filled with
horses bought in the west for French
cavalry purposes Is on the way from
(It. Louis to New Yofk over the Van
dalla and connecting Pennsylvania
lines. Pennsylvania railroad officials
here refused to give any details of the
^shipment of horses, and would not say
when the special train would arrive In
New Y'ork.
It is known, however, that the train
left the National stock yards, St. Louis,
onTuesday night and that each car
•contained an average number of 25
horses, which would make the total
•shipment more than 676 horses. Upon
•arrival at New York the horBes will be
transferred to a transport and, under
•convoy of a French cruiser, will be con
veyed to France. A shipment of 1,000
horses originally planned to be sent to
New Y'ork was forwarded to Now Or
• teans lest Sunday over the Illinois Cen
'trol. From New Orleans the horses
will be sent to France by transport un
■dar convoy of a cruiser. LaBt week
there were some 700 horses shipped to
Montreal from St. Louis for British
cavalry purposes.
The Serfdom of the Greek Bootblack.
Edward Alswocth Rosa, In the Century
Magazine.
The ugliest thistle patch we owe to
-eld world seed Is the serfdom of thous
ands of Greek boys In the shoeshlnnlng
parlors that have sprung up every
where.
In some parts of Greece the peasant
gets his children early to work In order
that their earnings may leave him free
to loaf the livelong day tn a coffee
house. Upon them, too. ho saddles tho
•burden of providing dowries for thotr
sisters. Accordingly, In certain districts
the poor Bend away their boys to the
cities of Greece and Turkey, where they
are hired out to peddlers, grocers and
restaurant keepers, who treat them
badly and work them unconscionably
king hours. From such parents the
Ureek In America has no difficulty In
recruiting hoys, whom ho exploits un
Jer conditions that savor of slavery.
In thousands of Greek shosshinlng
shops aro working bound boys who are
miserably fed and lodged by their mus
lers. paid from $3 to $4 a week and re
quired to turn over all tips. Often tho
tips alone cover the boy's wages and
keep, so that his labor costs the master
tothlng. Seeing that from each boy tho
padrone makes $100 to $200 a year, a
jhaln of such establishments yields him
«. princely Income. No wonder the ne
.gro and Italian bootblacks have been
forced to the wall.
The bound boys are on duty 15 or
46 hours a day, and work every day In
the year. They get In tholr eating and
looping as best they can. They know
T» recreation. Bate at night, completely
ashausted, they drop, with their clothes
on. Into a bed that must suffice for four
•r five. Boya who have been In a city
(Several years may learn nothing of It
save the shop, their living quarters and
street between. Since the padrone's
lms la to keep hts boys dumb and
Jlitd, they are not allowed to talk freo
it with Greek customers. The moment
• customer talks with a boy, “trust
leo" crowd around to listen. No truth
Cam he gotten from the boys concerning
flkelr age. their work or their pay. To
Avoid tho arm of the truant officer, no
QTeek bound boy confesses to fewer
lAsn 17 years. They are Ignorant of the
rfchts and rewards of tabor In this
Thun try, and are told that, If they leave
■sir work, they will be arrested, liven
their letters home are read and cen
sored. The effects of this servitude on
•the boys are shocking. They miss all
■schooling, and years may elapse before
• they get their eyes open.
The study of F.ngllsh is the first step
•Aoward er-rrelpetlon, but where work
month of good fishing; then winter set
in again.
With the outbreak of the war In Eu
rope. the market for Labrador fish was
almost completely cut off and there <
was a rise in the price of foodstuffs j
which made the cost of flour, sugar,
meat and butter prohibitive to the im
proverished fishermen. The war also led
to the suspension of operations in rail
way construction in New Foundland
and the closing of mines at Sydney
and Belle Isle, where many of the Lab
orador men have gone in recent years
for winter employment.
The big fur companies are hesitating
to buy pelts in the present condition of
the market.
Labrador thus was left without any
source of lneomo and Its Inhabitants
faced starvation. To add to the suf
fering, a severe epidemic of Influenza
is raging. The relief measures in
stituted by the New Foundland gov
ernment will ease the situation some
what and will tide the people over un
til next summer.
Is constant they miss even this chance,
and young men will be found who have
been shining shoes for years and feel
no ambition for anything else. The •
physical ravages of such work and con
finement are appalling.
Through this peephole wo glimpse
one secret of tho immigrant’s skyrock
et commercial rise. Behold Stephanos,
who landed 10 years ago without a
drachma, and now draws a cool thous
and a month from his business and Is
one of our solid men.
"Wonderful!” exclaims tho Innocent
American. “What stuff there must bo
In him! Shows, too, that tho country I
Is still full of good chances.” The fact
Is. the wmrthy Stephanos lolls on the .
backs of a hundred unseen bootblacks, I
who are being ruined that he may pros- |
per. When one considers how merciless
ly the Immigrant landlord, banker, sa
loon keeper, contractor, or employment
agent hoodwinks and fleeces his help
less fellow countrymen, certain of the
“successes” one hears of do not seem
so remarkable, after all. 4
4 SCISSORED RICE. 4
4 4
444444444444444444 44444444
. (By Grantland Rice.)
Percy Haughton, the czar, emperor,
mandarin, and kaiser of Harvard’s foot
hall fortunes, has shown again the
value of systems over Individuals.
In the six years before Haughton
came to Harvard, Tale had rolled up
74 points against Harvard’s abject 0.
In the first six years after Haughton
arrived, Harvard had scored 39 points
against Yale’s 9—not Including the 1914
battle. Which Is quite a shift. Before
Haughton landed with his system.
Harvard had won but three games
from Princeton out of IB starts. After
the landing Harvard won three out of
four starts, and only a costly fumble
kept it from being four straight.
Yale ruled In the old days through
Camn’s fine system—a system continued
from year to year. When Camp drop
ped out the old Yale system fluttered
and shifted and lost 1st organized ef
ficiency.
Princeton has enjoyed neither a Camp
system nor a Haughton system, and so
has been forced to depend upon Tiger
courago, alertness, and Individual skill,
which Is something to have, but which
Is under a heavy handicap when
thrust against the same virtues or
ganized and directed In the proper
way
Yale this season secured Hinkey to
give the Haughton system battle. But
for the warfare between the Crimson
and the Blue to be waged upon equal
terms. Hinkey must be given his chance
to build up and to perfect what he has
only had a chance to start.
Fo- no system Is established in a
year—which In a football way em
braces but two months’ work and play.
And only a select few from the big
muss are capable of installing a system
w'orth while. Camp, Yost, Haughton,
Sharpe, and Stagg are leading examples
—where to win there must be a com
bination of highly developed football
Intelligence and a capacity for or
ganization and magnetic leadership—
which possibly 10 of our 100,000,000 na
tive possess.
Memphis Leads in Murders.
From the New York World.
Frederick L. Hoffman has compiled
for tho Spectator an arry of murder
figures, of Interest to Insurance men,
which show that 6,500 persons, more
than 1,500 of whom were women, met
death at the hands of their fellow hu
man beings In 1913 In this country. This
is almost our highest murder rate of
record: the 10-year average of 1904
1913 is 7.9 per 100,000, against 4.9 In 1S84
189.3.
Chime statistics are, as the Spectator
says, notoriously misleading, and they
are rather more so In this country than
in western Europe. Still, for some of
tho larger cities the figures are fairly
complete. It will certainly please and
probably surprise most New York peo
ple to know that their city had, both
in 1913 and in a period of years pre
ceding, a rate considerably lower than
the general average.
The recent rate in London has been
0.9 per 100,000, lower than any American
city: in Berlin 2, a trifle less than Mil
waukee, at the honor end of our list;
in Paris 3.5, about like Minneapolis or
Hartford. Then comes Now York, 6.5;
but beyond that. Cincinnati, 10.7; St.
Louis, 12.9; Charleston. 30.6; Memphis,
58.3. Indeed, for 1913 the Memphis raje
rose to 6S—34 times that of Berlin, 12
times that of New York and eight
times tie general average of Ameri
can cities.
Our rate Is greatest in cities with a
large negro population. But it Is every
where disgracefully high. If Newark,
Rochester and Milwaukee can get along
with a homicide rate like that of Paris
or Berlin, why cannot Boston and New
York? Unfailing punishment might
help Inculcate respect for the law.
Things Hardly Won.
It is to be noticed that these things
so hardly won. these virtues for which
we pay the price, form not only the
marked traits in our character, but in
the trying • • • periods of our life it
is only those things that are ours be
cause we have paid for them that we
can depend on.
Pittsburg still has a horsecar on the
Sarah street line on the south side. The
preservation of the railway company's
right to the tracks is the cause for
keeping the car In operation. Many
days it passes back and forth on its
trips without a passenger. Francis B.
Campbell, driver, says he is the oldest
employe of the Pittsburg Railway com
pany, both in age and length of serv
ice. He is more than 70 years old, and
has worked for the company for about
45 years.
CLAIM HEAVY RAINSTORMS ARE j
INVOKED BY THE BIG BATTLES
History Proves Clashes of Armies Brings on Miseries of
Great Downpours—Field of Waterloo Was Too Slip
pery For Cavalry Maneuvers—Siege of Sebasto
pol Was Long Damp Spell.
From Pearson’s Weekly, London.
It Is one of the extraordinary things
of warfare that a big battle Invariably
produces rain.
History contains Innumerable In
stances, both on land and sea, and on
more than one occasion the storm or
showers that followed an engagement
had no small influence upon the life
of nations.
We can hardly have a better example
than that recorded In 1588, when Eng
land was threatened by the great
Spanish armada. After Its encounter
with our own fleet it was, as we all
know, struck by a heavy storm, which
completed the work of our own gallant
seamen.
The soldiers who fought so bravely
under the leadership of Marlborough
at Blenheim In 1704 had to suffer the
misery of successive downpours after
their brilliant victory.
Marlborough was anxious to follow
up his victory without delay, but his
men were so worn by the fatigue of
the battle and the discomforts caused
by heavy rains and the contingencies
of warfare that he was unable to push
•on for several days.
June 16, 1815, the British defeated
the French at Quatre Bras, and Na
poleon worsted the wily Blucher at
Llgny, both within measurable dis
tance of Waterloo. The heavy rains
which followed these engagements
made the clayey soil almost Impassable
for cavalry maneuvers at Waterloo
(fought on June 18), and so crippled
the tactics of Napoleon and greatly
assisted those of the Duke of Welling
ton. The victory would have been
HOW NEWS OF WAR
REACHES AMERICA
Three Great Associations Ex
tended Throughout Europe
Serve Associated Press.
The war news of Europe Is furnished
to the American press, largely by the
three agencies, the Wolff of Germany,
the Havas of France, and Reuter’s
Telegram company of London (pro
nounced Royter). Reuter’s is a general
news bureau, and extends over all
Europe. It Is regarded as the most re
liable agency in Europe and has the
confidence of the readers, the censors
and the government heads alike.
Reuter's Telegram company was
founded by Paul Julius Reuter. From
a mere twoloffice bureau—one operated
by his wife, the other by himself, with
the only means of communication be
tween them furnished by carrier pig
eons—the news service has expanded
until now it Is regarded as the most
comprehensive and the most accurate
in all Europe.
Beqan With Pigeons.
Early In life, Reuter formed a child
ish affection for a professor who was
much Interested In the development of
the telegraph. Out of that friendship
grew a deep interest in electricity and
Reuter under his friend's guidance, ac
quired more than an ordinary knowl
edge of the telegraph. With that knowl
edge came the dream, and in 1849.
when telegraph lines had been built
in Germany and France, he saw his
opportunity In the gap that lay be
tween Alx-la-Chapelle and Berlin.
Himself a German, he organized a news
bureau, and stationed himself In Ber
lin. his wife at Alx-la-Chapelle. Carr
ier pigeons were used as a means of
communication.
Later when the carrier pigeons were
supplanted by the telegraph and the
gap between the two countries bridged,
he tried to establish an international
bureau, but was discouraged by Ger
many and repulsed by France. He went
to London In 1851 and established
Reuter's office. He later became a
naturalized Englishman and centered
his entire organization in London.
Ths First Hit.
lur cuuuussiuus wiiub ueiii£
constantly repulsed by the press
marked his early London experiences,
but like Franklin, he received inspira
tion from rebuke. A few private dis
patches. scattered commercial com
munications and meager news sales
limited the scope of his bureau, until
the London Times, in a rash piece of
extravagance according to the view
point of that date, printed the Reuter
conveyed speech of Napoleon III in
1858. This speech scored a success and
marked the real birth of the agency.
In 1866. Reuter secured a concession
from France to join with the Anglo
American News company and build a
cable between France and the United
States. Before the completion of this
cable Reuter built a line from Cork to
Crookhaven, getting the civil war news
from incoming vessels and telegraph
ing it over to Europe hours In advance
of the docking of the steamer.
Queen Victoria made Reuter a baron
In 1871 and further declared that his
title should pass to his heirs and bo
granted perpetual succession. He died I
in Nice, February 26, 1S99. His son, I
August Julius Clement Herbert Baron
De Reuter, succeeded his father as
managing director of the company. j
Reuter’s Telegram company, made a
limited liability company in 1865, is
now in its 011h year and is the great- j
est news bureau in Europe. It conducts ;
an interchangeable service with the
Associated Press of America and with
all reliable news agencies the world
over.
The Havas of France and the Wolff
of Germany are reliable bureaus oper
ating wholly within their respective do- ,
mains. Each of these, in times of war.
is regarded as a government mouth
piece. Each is subsized, each is un
der government control. It was recently
urged of Reuter’s that they accept the
Wolff bureau as the authentic source
of German news.
The reliability of the service and the
accuracy of its Information makes
Reuter’s the absolute spokesman for
war-torn Europe. As evidence of its
accuracy, Reuter's first gave informa
tion to the American press that Eng
land and Germany were In a state of
war and prophesied that at 6 o'clock
on that day the declaration would be
made. Promptly at 6 the declaration
was made.
While Reuter’s Telegram company Is
represented by correspondents at every
news source and at every bureau, it is
absolutely independent of affiliation or
control. No news bureau is In posses
sion of more confidential or official In
formation and no bureau In Europe is
more accurate, more conservative than
Reuter’s. To the present Baron De
Reuter's only son. Herbert Julius, ulti
mately will fall the supervision of the
groat news agency founded by his
grandfather.
1
pained In any case, but experts are of
the opinion that the rain was an ally
of some value.
During the early weeks of the siege
of Sebastopol, in 1854, the roar of can- j
non and explosion of bombs was fol- !
lowed, day by day, by heavy down- i
pours of rain, until, as we read, our
men stood in the trenches knee deep
in mud. A terrible gale broke over the j
Black sea and caused great disaster to '
our transports, and on the heels of |
this tempest came a heavy, steady
downpour of rain that brought death
to hundreds of our gallant fellows.
In yet another instance the heavy
cannonading of a siege brought in its
train a disturbance of the elements.
This was just prior to the fall of Plev
na, in 1877, when the moisture of the
clouds was turned to snow as it fell,
and, by increasing the sufferings of
the besieged, helped to make Osman
come to the determination to try a last
chance for freedom.
The explanation of the rain is com- j
paratlvely simple, and has been made
use of for the benefit of agriculture in
various parts of the world. The atmos
phere is laden with moisture, a con
cussion caused by loud reports or
noises will often burst the clouds, with
the natural result that the drops of
water fall to the earth. This has been 1
practically tested when farmers have
been groaning over the drought, and
scientists have induced the desired
rainfall by causing cannon to be dis
charged at altitudes varying with the
locality. When, however, the dis
charge is continuous, as in battle. It la
obviously more effective.
Lonliness.
It was a sad looking little town, like
all the rest—just a main street set
down In the midst of the illimitable 1
waste. Our train stopped there.
I saw a man across the aisle look out 1
of the window, scowl, rise from his •
rent, throw up his arms, and exclaim
addressing no one in particular: “God! ;
How can they stand living out liereT
I’d rather bo dead!”
My companion and I had been speak
ing of the same thing, wondering how
people could endure their lives in such '
a place. "Come on,” he said rising. 1
“This is the la3t stop before wo get to
Colorado. Let’s get out and walk.”
I followed him from the car and to
the station platform. :
Looking away from the station, we
gazed upon a foreground the principal
scenic grandeur of which was sup
plied by a hitching post. Beyond lay
the Inevitable main street and dismal
buildings. One of them, as I recall it
was painted sky blue, and bore the sim- i
pie, unostentatious word, “Hotel."
My companion gazed upon the scene '
for a time. He looked melancholy
Finally, without turning his head, he
spoke. How would you like to get off
and spend a week here some day?" he
asked me.
“You mean get off some day and
spend a week,” I corrected.
“No, I mean get off and spend a week
some day.”
I was still cogitating over that when
the train started. We scrambled aboard
and, resuming our seats m the observa
tion, car, looked back at the receding
station. There, in strong black letters
on a white sign, we saw, for the first
time, the name of the town:
Monotonyl
The Fall of Tsing Tau.
From the New York Commercial.
If the sultan cannot secure the support
of the Mohammedan tribes and states in
a holy war it will mean that Great Brit
ain is safe in India and that the Turks
will no longer be regarded as leaders of
the Mohammedan world of nearly 200,000,
XX) believers. To deprive the sultan of
Turkey of his Influence over the Moham
medans of Asia and Africa would relieve
Great Britain and France of the danger I
that always lurks in the peculiar situation
created by a religion that preaches salva
tion by the sword. Japan’s victor^ will be
felt in Persia, India, the Turkish domin
ions in Asia and throughout North Africa.
Wavering Arabs and other Musseimans
will now feel that Turkey is on the losing
Bide because Germany has lost in Asia.
The fall of Tsing Tau is the great event
of the war in the eyes of all orientals,
who will now picture Japan smilingly In
viting the white races to cross swords
with her samurai on the shores of ths .
Yellow sea.
London News Note.
Not before in the history of the present
war, and perhaps never before in its his
tory. did the Bank of England report a
weekly increase in gold holdings which
matched the increase reported last Thurs
day. The amount of that increase was
$38,000,000; it brought total gold holdings
to $347,000,000. The week after war broke
out the bank’s gold holdings were $13S,- ,
000,000. _ _ _
Civilization.
By James A. Macdonald.
Aro not nations uncivilized and
pagan whose recourse for justice is to
brute force and not to law?
WINS IRON CROSS
'fHHMH i <
1
Captain Rutger von Bruning.
Captain Rutger von Bruning, for
merly military attache to the Ger
man embassy in Washington, has
been decorated with the iron cross of j
Emperor William in recoeni'.'n of
his bravery on the battlefield. He is !
now captain of a regiment of hu* J
sari. 1
X THE STENOGRAPHER, j
From Harper’s Weekly.
A woman of much quiet charm and
culture, who earns her living by swift
and accurate stenography, has sent us
a letter in which she points out th«
frivolous treatment of the stenog
rapher in popular literature. As to hei
appearance, see O. Henry’s "The Ro
mance of a Busy Broker:”
"A high-rolled fringe of golden halt
under a nodding canopy of velvet and
ostrich tips, an imitation sealskin sack
and a string of beads as large as hick
ory nuts, ending near the floor with a
silver heart.”
As to her mentality, consult “Short
Story Writings," by Professor Pitkin,
Df Columbia university:
“The gum-chewing stenographer,
who devours the literary offspring of
Mr. Chambers, may have her difficul
ties with this.”
Her conversation is described in a
story in Red Book for November.
“Believe me, when it comes to the
real, thing, the blown-ln-the-bottle
tind, our Bill’s got the best of ’em beat
to a fadeaway.”
Her equipment may be found de
scribed in any of the alleged comic pa
pers :
“Have you done anything for spelling
•eforrn? Yes, I fired my blond stenog
'apher.”
Why is she so treated. We all know
he facts. Among those earning their
Ivlng in this way happen to be George
Washington’s great grandniece, a
rranddaughter of a governor of South
Carolina, a great granddaughter of
haurens of the first continental con
rress and thousands of others of cul
dvated ancestry. Many ar.e college
rraduates. The truth is, the world
oves familiar jokes and familiar ef
'ects, and if one stereotyped trick gets
started and proves amusing to the
tverage mind, it is hard to stop.
Command of the Adriatic.
From the Chicago Tribune.
When a few days ago an Italian marine
>ut his foot on the wharf of the small
own of Avlona, In Albania, he may have
:urned the scale In which the destiny of
Surope is now trembling. A tremendous
weight for the rough shod foot of an ob
'eure individual, and worthy perhaps !n
listory to be celebrated with the nose of
Ileopatra, of which the great Pascal says
n one of his epigrams: "Had it been
shorter the whole face of the earth would
lave been changed.’’
For the landing of marines at Avlona,
>r Valona, as the Italians call it, although j
•escribed in diplomatic euphemism as “a '
irecautlonary measure in view of the dis
urbed condition of Albania,” may draw
taly Into the war, and Italy almost cer
ainly would turn the scale for or against
jermany.
” ■v iuu» auu nuy ;
ihould its occupation suggest such all em- i
>racing consequences? p
Aviona is nearer the Italian shore than ,
5t. Joseph is to Chicago. That is the Im
jortant thing about Aviona. Also it is the '
>est harbor in Albania, but the fact that
nakes it of especial consequence to any
>ower that holds it is its command of the
Straits of Otranto, the narrow neck of the 1
>ottle which is the Adriatic sea. From
)tranto, on the heel of the Italian boot,
0 Aviona, on the Albanian coast, is little 1
nore than 40 miles. Avlona’s bay would
larbor a squadron which would make the
Adriatic a closed sea, a lake—Italian, Aus
rian, Greek, according to the flag flying i 1
iver that squadron.
What Italy now calls a “precaution” J
nay become what statesmen call a fait ,
iccompli—an accomplished fact—which we
iccept and dismiss from consideration.
?hat will depend upon the outcome of the \
ear and the part Italy plays, at least in
he politics underlying it if not in the mill- .
ary phase of the conflict.
Study the map of the Adriatic and
taly’s interest in the east shore becomes ,
apparent. Most of the good harbors are
m the east coast, and, as has been said, | \
he command of the sea in war depends
ipon a good base near the straits. With ,
Lvlona in Austrian hands or in hands too .
veak to preserve neutrality Italy’s posi- j
ion would be seriously weak. In Bern- ' 3
Lardi’s “Germany and the Next War” he !
.rgues that Italy would do well to relin- ; i
[uish her interests in the Balkan region .
1 favor of Austria and take compensation 1 i
rom France in north Africa, but the bar- j
:ain does not strike the disinterested read- | 3
r as a safe one. Aside from the fact that ,
here are many Italians along the east
hore and strong sentimental and historic
onsiderations, the establishment of Aus
rian power confronting her across the
larrow sea could hardly be counter
lalanced by colonial possessions across
he Mediterranean, even without taking i
nto account the price to be paid for the ]
atter in the form of the lasting enmity
f France and the jealous hostility of
ireat Britain.
Italy’s imperial tendencies, therefore,
luite apart from her desire to regain the
"rentino, seem to bring her into unescap- j
ble conflict with Austrian ambitions and
o compel her to cast her sword Into the
cale' on the side of the allies.
A RECEIPT FOR HAPPINESS.
There are many practical means for de
eloping happiness, but there are three
equirements which are worthy of special
mphasis.
(1) Faith in God: We must have faith
n God, cease worrying about what our
leighbors think of our work or method
f living and cease doing things or not do
ng things from fear of what someone will
hink or say. After seriously deciding
irhat line of work is best for us to do, !
irhere it is best for us to work and live, i
.ml what Is best for us to buy or sell, we j
hould fearlessly act, and trust God for
he result. To be happy, a man must
lave that self-control which comes
hrough faith and prayer.
(2) Daily development: Our dally work
nust be such as will develop us spiritual
y, physically, mentally and materially,
nd also provide proper reaction. Many
ieople can never be happy so long as they
ontinue in their present vocation; and
he longer they so continue, the more dif
Icult it will be to change. Such people
hould at once change their vocation to
ome useful work in a healthy place, it
nakes little difference what we select, but j
o be happy we must be of real service
,nd also strive to become specialists, try
ng to do some one thing better than any
ne else does it.
(3) Contentment and ambition: We \
nust learn contentment, tempered with a ]
•roper desire for progress, and appreciate
ur blessings while they last. A great <
.mount of unhappiness Is due to being t
pread out too much, with too many dl- f
erslfled and entangling interests. A t
•eaceful mind < omes only through having \
, very few aims and always keeping these ^
learly in view and refusing to be side- ]
racked to anything else. Above all, we s
nust avoid covetousness.
-■ » » ■ — (
An Editor Embarrassed. j
If the woman who left a pair of shoos ,
n the editor's automobile will call at thi3 i
ifflce she can have ’em. We have troubles l
nought without having to be called on to
xplaln how a woman's shots happened to
>e In that car. And the fact of the mat
er Is we’re somewhat curious ouself, to
tnow how It happened. The car was loft
tending In front of the the News office 1
ind at noon a pair of woman's shoes were ■
n the car. This story of the case may 1
tound like bunk, but it’s straight goods
ind we’re not eager to have those shoes '
in our hands any longer. Shoes weren’t '
nade. In the first place, to be left on a |
nan's hands._ _ _
I
A Regular Customer. i
A clergyman, having performed the 1
narrlage ceremony for a couple, un
lertook to write out the usual certifi
cate, but being In doubt as to the day
>f the month, he asked:
“This is the 9th. is it not?*’
"Whv, parson,” said the blushing
jride, “you do all my marrying, and
rou ought to remember that this Is
mly the third.’’
Two bridges In a city of India, are
•upportod on large metal tanks, which
float <m the water and accommodate
themselves to the rise and fall
*++++++++++++++++++++++++■*■
■f ♦
•f CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY. +
♦ *
By B. R. Hutchins, Rockville, ltd.
It Is difficult for one t* decide among ae
many attractive places in Washington,
which Is the most so. This wonderful li
brary has always been a strong magnet to
me. Whether I go to get a book or to*
spend an hour within Its walls, or simply
to gaze on its beautiful features, there
Is always a charm about It that no other
building here possesses. Visitors come
from the east and west and look at It,
some casually, some carefully: some ad
mire Its exterior, and all go home and say,
"Yes, we saw the Congressional library;
Isn't It great?" and yet not one In a score
or more know anything about Ua great
ness. I have seen the same spirit abroad
among American tourists. They will
stand by the ruined walls of the Coliseum
or the Forum, and Impatiently hurry the
guide away, thinking it ts enough to have
simply looked at these marvelous places.
So It Is with the library. And yet It Is
one of the most wonderful places in
Washington.
Its Wonders.
Think of a building with a frontage on
'our streets, where once stood *585,000
worth of residence property. Its architec
ture ts of the Italian Renaissance order.
It is built of New Hampshire granite, l*
three stories high, having an area of 470x
140 feet, and covers three and a half acres
of ground. It has 2,000 windows, and Is
the best lighted library In the world. Be
sides the three stories, there Is a dome,
which is finished In black copper, with,
heavily glided panels. The crest of this
home, above the lantern, 195 feet from the
ground, ends In a glided final, represent
ed the torch of Science, ever burning
Not including the site, the building alone
when It was completed, cost $0,032,124.50
Pbe library was founded In 1800. Twice
has It suffered from fire, the first time In
1814. when the capltol was burned by the
English.
Sometime In the near future I am going
more Into detail and give your readers a
glimpse of some of the special beauties of
this building, Its wonderful bronzo doors,
ts Corfnthlan capitals, its marvelous
fountains, its central stair hall, unequalled
n the world, Its exquisite designs in paint
xnd plaster, on ceilings and walls, It*
gorgeous mosaics, etc. In this letter I
want them to get an Idea of the vast use
fulness of this library. First there are ap
proximately 2,000,000,000 volumes here.
Valuable special additions have been made
from time to time. For example, Jeffer
son's library, the Force historical collec
:ton, the Smithsonian and the Toner eol
ectlons. Its great source of Increase
;omes through the copyright law, whereby
:here Is a deposit of two volumes of every
nook that Is copyrighted. One of the most
nteresting devices seen here Is the ar
-angement of book stacks. This device
was the work of B. R. Green, until last
week the superintendent of the building.
A few days ago he was followed to his
trave by a large concourse of loving
'rlends. These stacks consist of a series
>f cast Iron frames, supporting tiers ol
thelves, and rising nine stories up to the
■oof Itself. There are today upwards oi
iO miles of this shelving In the hulldlng,
tapable of holding 2,250,000 books. The final
capacity of this shelving Is about 100 miles,
md holding between 4,000,000 and 5,000,004
volumes. From the great reading room,
:o which everybody Is welcome, and tc
ook at any book desired, an endless cable
■uns down to the basement, and up
hrough the stack to the top, and back
tgaln. To It. are attached book carriers.
When a book is called for at the desk,
he slip Is sent by pneumatic tube to the
’lerk In the book stack; he puts the book
n a receptacle, from which it Is taken au
omatlcally by the book carrier, and car,
led to the reading room, the whole pro
:ess consuming but a few minutes.
Royal Road to Learning.
I stood the other day In one of the al
coves of the gallery of the reading room,
md looked down upon a great number oi
roung men and women, seemingly Intent
n study. I said to an attendant standing
>y me, “What does ail that mean?” Said
le, “they are students of schools and col*
eges within a circuit of 50 miles around
SVashington, and they are getting infor
mation, sir.” It was on a Saturday, a
loliday, and I counted 197 hard at worh
>ver their books. There were black and
vhite, rich and poor, all seeking knowl
dge. Looking down from the wall*
ibove were such quotations as these:
“The history of the world Is the blog*
aphy of great men.”
“Books will speak plain when counselor*
>laneh.”
“The foundation of every state Is the
duration of its youth.”
Thus is seen one of the avenues In thl*
latlon’s city, that our government is
ipening up to those who seek for better
md higher things.
Wheat and Rye Shortage.
From the New York Commercial.
A world shortage of wheat and ry*
vithin the next year, accompanied by un
precedentedly high prices, is the predic
ion by men in close touch with the grain
md flour trades.
One leader in the flour business says
hat the experience of Europe and this
ountry after the Franco-Prussian war
lids fair to be repeated in the present
ime. but in much sterner degree. It la
ecalled that in the period between the
nd of the Franco-Prussian war and 1873
he price of wheat went to $1.63 & busheL
?hen only two nations were directly con
erned, but now almost the whole of Eu
ope is Involved, and the effect will be
nore far-reaching.
Even the Increased planting of wheat
nd other grains reported this year from
Canada and the west of the United States
vill not halt the rising of prices, grain
.nd flour dealers believe.
The United States had in the season’a
irheat crop a surplus for export that
vould permit an average dally shipment
.broad of about 1,000,000 bushels. The
hipment has been considerably more than
his, In some days being 2,500,000. It is
stimated that 760,000 bushels was sent out
Saturday.
It Is likewise estimated that in the last
our months, including the three In which
he war has been going on, at least half
f the surplus wheat for export has been,
ent abroad, leaving a shortage for tha
ucceeding eight months of the year.
What has been true of wheat has ap
ilied more pertinently to rye. This is a.
taple of Germany and Russia, also wlde
y used In France. The price a barrel of
ye flour has steadily climbed until it is*
low within 40 cents of the price of wheat
Lour, although the normal difference 1*
nore than SI.
The world supply of rye, it Is said, ia
a danger of being much curtailed for next
ear. Russia produced about 600,000,000
•ushels. Germany about 450,000,000, and!
France about 300.000,000.
Germany has been able to plant much,
f its normal crop, it is thought, despite*
he lack of men, because it Is free from
rmy invasion. Russia may have been
ble to sow a moderate sized crop. Int
ioth countries, it is thought, the crop
(rill be less than usual, however. Ta
France, It is said, there will be pronounced
hortage and want.
All the European armies consume vast
luantlties of rye flour. The shortage in
Curope In the coming year cannot be met
ty tne Increase in production of North
unerica. Though it is thought that more
ye is being planted, the Increase it Is bo
lovpil win not hp Pfl 1 ml t O tha
Cities With Nine Lives.
From the London Chronicle.
When the war Is over we may be sure
hat most of tl^e towns and cities de
troyed by the Germans will, like Phoenix
ise from their ashes. The teaching of hie
ory Is that a city Is hard to kill. For in
tance, London has been decimated five
lmes by plagues. In addition to visitations
if typhus, cholera and other epidemics
She has been burned more or less severely
leveral times. Paris has gone through
light sieges. 10 famines, two plagues and
me Are which devastated It. Rome has
>een swept by pestilence no fewer than 10
lmes. She has been twice burned and six
lmes driven to submission by starvation.
Constantinople has been burned out nlns
lmes, and has suffered from four
dagues and Ave sieges.
Males greatly exceed females In
lumber In Manila, there being at pres
ent 149,397 males, as against 131.603
lour years ago, and 117,546 females, as
igalnst 102,801 four years ago. There
are about 32,000 more males than fe
males In the city at present. There ars
only 3,626 widowers In Manila, whU*
the number of widows is 10,(80.