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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 25, 1913)
I A THOUSAND YEARS AGO I The pessimist who has observed lit Oo progress In the world has not cor rectly read ancient history. The civlli ■atk», or rather the barbarism, of a action of today Is as different from the OtTflatlon. or rather the barbarism of a Jaw hundred years ago as night is from 4»y. For a thousand years, known as the Dark Ages, the population of Hurope was stationary. The surface •f the continent was for the most part wremed with pathless forests; here and thor* It was dotted with monasteries •Bd towns. In the lowlands and along tha rtver courses were fens, sometimes Sumdreds of miles in extent, exhaling their pestiferous miasmas, and spread Cb gagues far and wide. In Paris and bondon the houses were of wood diaubed with clay, and thatched with | •traw or reeds. They had no windows, and until the invention of the saw mill, Very few had wooden floors. The .luxury of a carpet was unknown; some ••traw, scattered in the room, supplied Cta place. There were no chimneys; the ■moke of the 111-fed, cheerless Are ■scaped through a hole In the roof. In ■Dch habitations there was scarcely any protection from the weather. No at vampt was made at drainage, but the putrefying garbage and rubbish were aimply thrown out of the door. Men, ■women, and children, slept In the same •partment, not unfrequently domestic ■nfmais were their companions; in such confusion of the family, it was impos sible that modesty or morality could Ss maintained. The bed was usually a bag of straw, a wooden log served as a pillow. Personal cleanliness was utter ly unknown; great officers of state, asren dignitaries so high as the arch bishop of Canterbury, swarmed with Vermin; such, It is related, was tlio condition of Thomas A. Becket, the Antagonist of an Kngllsh king. To conceal personal impurity, perfumes wore necessarily and profusely used. The citizen clothed himself in leather. -A garment which, with its ever-accum •lattng impurity, might last for many years. He was considered to be in cir cumstances of case, if he could procure fresh meat once a week for his dinner. The streets had no sewers; they were without pavement or lamps. After nightfall, the chamber-shutters were thrown open, and slops unceremoni ously emptied down, to the discomfi ture of the wayfarer tracking his path through the narrow streets, with Ills dismal lantern in his hand. Aeneas Sylvius, who afterward be came Pope Pius II, and was therefore tyery competent and Impartial writer, is left us a graphic account of a Journey he made to the British Islands, •bout 1130. He describes the houses of tho peasantry as constructed of stones gnt together without mortar the roofs Wore of turf, a stiffened bull’s-hide •orved for a door. Tho food consisted •f coarse vegetable products, such as pcBa, and even the bark of trees. In pome places they were unacquainted with bread. Cabins of reeds plastered with mud, houses of wattle stakes, chimneyless peat-fires from which there was scarcely an escape for the mnoke. dens of physical and moral pol lution swarming with vermin, wisps of •traw twisted round the limbs to keep off the cold, the ague-stricken peasant with no help except shrine-cure! How wbb It possible that the population could Increase? Shall we. then, wonder that, during tho famine of 1030, human flesh was cooked and sold; or in that of 1258, fifteen thousand persons died of hunger te London? Shall we wonder that. In •omo of the Invasions of the plague. BACK TO THE BIBLE From Collier's. Certain of our wise men of today have shaded away sin till It be comes an expression of temperament. They tell us that we sin because our grandfather sinned, and because our home Is situated In the wrong block. These are clever words of clever comforters, and surely they ought to wipe away forover the tears from our eyes. But they do not ■peak to human need. They leave the life blighted and the heart ■shamed. They leave the sinning one to continue In despair. He does not ask that his sin shall be explained away. He wishes forgiveness and a fresh start. In the book, which Is not read as once It was, there . are no soft words about sin. But the way out Is shown. And not only l« forgiveness offered In this book, but man's need of comfort is met. There Is comfort In plenty. These writers knew the human heart. They •aw man broken by his toll and his grief. And for this, too, they had the answer. They told of a being of love, hidden just back of this rude and temporary universe. This love, they said, is conscious of how the llttlest child and the old man are sick at heart for one to come close to their loneliness. When again will any company of writers say the things they know In such telling words, such pictures of humble life— the boy far away from the faces of his home and far gone In shame— •uch true stories of lowly devotion breaking through Into beauty? Much Is swept away between us and them, but not one accent of Naomi's voice Is lost to us, and still the "Turn again, my daughters,” ' la as wistful as when It breathed through the alien corn. What richer \ • consolation are we hungry for that we turn from Judea? Has the '•human heart changed under the wear of the centuries, so that sin no longer seeks forgiveness, and grief has no need of a comforter? Have our ships sailed so far that they have revealed to us a braver con tinent than the fields where pain once reigned? Is our science so acute that It has banished failure from man's life? Is man’s heart at last •elf-sufficient and all-suffering? PARENTS ADVISED HOW TO CURE STUTTERING From the New York Time*. Practical directions to parents and children for the cure of the stuttering habit are contained In a circular printed bgr order of the board of superintend ents of the board of education. The daaaea for afflicted children In the public schools, according to the cir cular, are proving day by day that the hobtt of stuttertng cun be cured. Here are some of the suggestions aentalned In the board of superintend - eats' circular: “Tour child has formed Incorrect hab its of speech. Ho will not speak cor mctly until he has been carefully •mined In correct speech and has termed the habit of correct natural speech. “The speech Improvement class has been formed for the purpose of sys tematically training pupils In correct ■ntaral speech and is In charge of a teacher who has made a thorough study •C the principles of speech. Your child pbsuld become a member of that class. You should visit the class occasionally awl co-operate with the teacher, that yuu may continue the work of building oscrect speech habits when the child te at home. This Is very Important, as bs can have at best only a very small part of each day under Instruction for ppeech, and he is constantly using his termer bad habits, which are altogether tee firmly fixed at present. “The physical, breathing and vocal <eaosrci£es are excellent material for beote practice, hut the application of tbmw to this every day speech Is a very important factor In his training. Your <o»-operatlon with the teacher will more •hen repay you or 1 the child by the moults obtained. Tbough progres. seems to be slow, dto not lose confidence In the teacher, or fall to encourage the child In his efforts. Do not try scolding, threaten ■Sn*. or ridicule as a means of cure. unduly excite him. Never ln •Palpe a child because of his stuttering Ail stutterers are despondent at times and hence the attitude towurd the child ohouid always be a cheerful one. Stut terers, almost without exception, talt tes rapidly, therefore, eoourage slow deliberate and modulated speech •Bnglng tones can be UBed to <u)"an tage. The child should be led to ac quire correct speaking by observing, listening to, and Imitating slow, dis tinct, well spoken conversations. "Try to get the child to breathe nat urally. It Is not necessary to say a full sentence In a single breath. Let the child feel free to pause for breath at the end of any phrase. "Pay particular attention to correct articulation of sounds. When any sound has been learned, see that the child uses the correct form In his daily speech. "Let the child frequently read aloud o'- tell an Incident to one or more mem bers of the family or let him recite from memory. Call attention to any Improvement, have patience, and do not attempt to correct all mistakes at once. "He should be carefully kept away from stutterers outside of school. "The physical condition of the child Is of the highest Importance. He needs nourishing diet, with no stimulants (tea or coffee), and plenty of exercise In the open air. The greatest help to ward a cure Is perfect health.” Using the Watch At Compass. Prom "Boy Bcouts of America.” The watch Is often used to give the 'ompass point exactly. Thus; Point the hour hand to the sun;, then, in the morning, half way hetween the hour hand and noon Is due south. If after noon, one must reckon half way back ward. Thus, at 8 o'clock In the morning, point the hour hand to the sun and reckon half way to noon; the south Is at 10. If at 4 in the afternoon, point the hour hand at the sun and reckon back half way. The south is at 1 o'clock. The "half way" Is because the sun makes a course of 24 hours and the clock of but 12. If we had a rational timepiece of 24 hours It would tit in much better with all nature, and with the hour hand pointed to the sun would make 12 o'clock noon always south. If you cannot seo the sun. get Into a clear, open space, bold your knife point upright on your watch dial, and It will cast a faint shadow, sho R-lng where the sun really Is, unless the clouds are very heavy. The German navy has a salvage boat especially designed for the recovery of sunken submarines. the deaths were so frightfully numer ous that the living could hardly bury the dead? By that of 1348, which cams from the East along the lines of com mercial travel, and spread all over Europe, one third of the population of France was destroyed. Such was the condition of the peas antry. and of the common Inhabitants of cities. Not much better was that of the nobles. William of Malmesbury, speaking of the degraded manners of the Anglo-Saxons, says: "Their nobles were devoted to gluttony and volup tuousness. The common people were a prey to the more powerful; their prop erty was seized, their bodies dragged away to distant countries; their maid ens were either thrown into the brothel, or sold for slaves. Drinking, day and night, was the general pursuit; vices, the companions of Inebriety, followed. The baronial castles were dens of rob bers. The Saxon chroniclers record how men and women were caught and dragged Into those strongholds, hung up by their thumbs or feet, fire applied to them, knotted strings twisted round their heads, and many other torment* Inflicted to extort ransom. An Illiterate condition everywhere prevailing gave opportunity for the de velopment of superstition. Europe wa* full of disgraceful miracles. On all the roads pilgrims were wending their way to the shrines of saints, renowned for the cures they had wrought. It had always been the poliV of the church to discourage the physician and his art; ho interferred too much with the profits of the shrines. Time ha* brought this once lucrative imposture to its proper value. For patients too sick to move or be moved, there were no remedies except those of a ghostly kind—the Pater noster or the Ave. For the prevention of diseases, prayers were put up In the churches, but no sanitary measures were resorted to. From cities reeking with putrefying filth It was thought that the plague might bo stayed by the prayers of the priests, by them rain and dry weather might he secured, und deliverance obtained from the baleful Influences of eclipses and comets. But when Halley’s comet came, in 1456, so tremendous was Its apparition that It was necessary for th pope himself to Interfere. He exercised and expelled It from the ekies. It slunk away Into the abysses of space, terror-stricken by the maledictions of C'allxtus III., and did not venture back for 76 years! The step that European intellect had made between 1456 and 1759 was Illus trated by Halley’s comet. When It ap peared in the former year, It was con sidered ns the harbinger of the ven geance of God, the dispenser of the most dreadful of Ills retributions, war, pestilence, famine. By order of the pope, all the church bells in Europe were rung to scare It away, the faith ful were commanded to add each day another prayer; and, ns their prayers had often In so marked a manner been answered In eclipses and droughts and rains, so on this occasion it was de clared that a victory over the comet had been vouchsafed. But, in the meantime. Halley, guided by the revel ations of Kepler and Newton, had dis covered that its motions, so far from being controlled by the supplications of Christendom, were guided in an elliptic orbit of destiny. Knowing that nature had denied to him an opportun Ity of witnessing the fulfillment of his daring prophecy, he besought the as tronomers of the succeeding generation to watch for its return in 1759—and in that year it came. * A MAN WHO MADE ♦ X A NATION SUFFER ♦ ft International Sunday School ft It Lesson for December 14-20 Is 4 4 “The Sin of Achan,” Josh. vii. 4 4 4 ♦ By William T. Ellis. 4 ■M44 4 4 + 4* ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦»»»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦» This Is a lesson on the tled-upness of life. It shows how the sins of the fathers are visited, not only upon the children, but also upon the mothers and fathers and cousins and neigh bors. Everybody with even the germ of an Idea of social relationship or ob ligation In his mind should read this story of how one man cursed his na tion; even as the seller of Impure milk, the owner of unsanitary tene ments, the money loan shark, the sweat shop contractor and the giver of bribes curses a whole community nowadays. Quite as it Is possible for a single miscreant to poison a vil lage well, so the offense of one per son may bring anguish to a whole peo ple. As The Youth’s Companion re marks, “the way of the transgressor’s mother Is also hard.’’ Although ho came of good family, this man Achan was a common, low down, sordid thief. Small, selfish, covetousness had dried up the springs of his religion. The whole story may be told In a few sentences. Jehovah, who had far-reaching enterprise on hand In preparing Canaan for the Jews and the Jews for Cannan, had ordered that all the loot of the conquered city of Jericho should be "devoted,” that Is, set aside as sacred to him. But Achan, like every other grafter, thought that an exception should be made In his case. The general law might apply properly to the common herd; but his case was “peculiar." So he stole some fancy Babylonish garments and 50 shekels of silver, and a tongue of gold. (By the way, the translators were afraid to render that word "tongue” literally, as they did not understand that gold Ingots were made Into the shape of a tongue, as a specimen now In the Constantinople museum shows. In like manner the Chinese until lately melted silver into the Bhape of shoes.) Oriental fashion, Achan hid the for bidden loot in the earth under his tent. Like all the political graft of our day, this act had consequences run ning far beyond the deed itself. It was a direct violation of the mandate of God, whose sovereignty is the strength of the state. Achan defied Jehovah, and demoralized a nation. When a detachment of the army of Israel went up to take the city of Ai, It was put to rout. The strategy was bad, being born of overconfidence, but most of all the failure was due to the withdrawal of the favor of the Lord. God could not bless any army that harbored an Achan in its camp. Why the Mother Wailed. That story has countless modern counterparts. Some readers of these words know of a mission which con spicuously lacked success. One mis sionary’s life was questioned on all sides. The board withdrew him. Straightway a revival visited the mis sion. Truitt nf Dallas, tails a fitorv of a visit to a home whose only son had suddenly gone to open shame and disaster. When he called at the home the mother, a member of the church, accused herself of being en tirely at fault because she had of late ceased to pray for her son. She said It was her sin that had caused her son’s defeat. The illustration is a searching one, as is the whole story of Achan. What says the poet: “His strength was as the strength of ten. Because Ills heart was pure." Only the clean life and the holy church can prevail In the hour of con flict. In a certain southern city re cently, the churchmen asked a well known deacon to represent them In a moral reform movement. Investiga tion of his Ineffectiveness showed that he was a large owner of property used for evil purposes. He was driven from the fight with words of loathing. To every one of us there will certainly come an hour of crisis, if it has not already arrived, when all our past will be searched and tested. Upon that hour will depend all our future useful ness, as patriots and as Christians. Wisely did John B. Gough cry, in his flying words. "Young man, keep your record clean.” i ne oocret or oacreaness. A certain man In high place has a haunting look of fear In hla eyea which hla friends seldom speak about, hut which they well understand. He would give all his position and power to be free from It. For it tells the story of a past which may. like an avenging murderer, lay In wait for nlm around the next corner to slay1 him. He falls to conquer his Als because there is an Achan experience in his life. Could we but see as God sees we would perceive how this principle of fcln In the camp runs through life. It explains why one man absents him self from prayer meetings, another from the temperance cause, another from the rally of good citizens. It Is the law of moral retribution at work. Sin always finds out its victims—and there Is no other Nemesis so ruthless —even though the sin Itself may never be found out. That Is why "the wick ed flee." but “the righteous are bold as a lion." Conscious recltitude is the greatest source of courage. Much that is easy to virtue is impossible to even hidden sin. When Virtue la Defeated. On a clear-cut moral Issue, recently, in a certain community, the people voted wrong. The immediate results of the election are comparatively neg ligible; but the effect upon the future is tremendous. The anguish of the civic leaders Is like that of Joshua when he heard the news from Al. For it meant that virtue had lost caste, while unrighteousness had been pub licly established. All the enemies of good and of God had been Heartened. The prestige of Jehovah had heen di minished. All the future of God’s peo ple in Canaan was threatened by the rout of the Jews at Al. No moral or religious question Is being decided for the present moment alone: the conse quences are as far reaching and un traceable as the wireless messages on the waves of ether. The old story brings us face to face with the wonderful truth that not only is all humanity tied up In the one bundle of life, but also that the glory of God is inextricably involved. In the eyes of the people of Canaan, these Israelites were samples of God’s handi work. They represented him. Joshua pertinently put It up to Jehovah, “And what wilt Thou do for Thy great name?” Rather a serious matter for both God and man, this bearing His name and being His chosen. Wonder of life, such a miserable fellow as Achan could rob the Eternal of His rep utation. Can We Stand Stern Law? Some teachers of this lesson will have difficulties ahead of them because of the divine law, violated by Achan, that Jericho and its people should all perish In the conquest. Even more so will sentimentalists rail over the pun ishment of Achan. He was stoned tc death, extirpated, and his line perished with him. Now that is not the waj some moderns would believe. The) think they can counsel the Almighty and teach mercy to the All-merciful The day's mood Is to coddle the crim inal to call him more Binned against than sinning, and to blame his heredity and his environment. We are In a mol lycoddle age In some respects, flabby In its thinking and mushy in its meas ures. Therein we differ from God. We make light of moral obliquity. Adul tery we esteem merely spice for the popular novels, or a pullman car episode. Plain stealing Is called "high finance" of "practical politics." Sheer falsehood and dishonor are cloaked under "business Is business.” We need more of the harshness of the surgeon’s knife, which cuts out the cancer to save the body. The exceed ing sinfulness of sin, and the com plete and direct personal responsibility of every free moral agent, are old doc trines which need new preaching. "The soul that sinneth It shall die," cries out from this Achan story. If our young men were heard oftener to say, in the face of temptation. "How can I do this thing, and sin against God?" our social outlook would be brighter. The old fashioned teaching of clean hands and pure hearts holds more of eolutlon for the day’s perplexities than any sociological program. Put God on the throne, drive the Achans from the camp, and hold the divine law as pure and terrible as well as sweet and merci ful and then our religious and social and national stability will be assured. 444444*4+4*+♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦444 t SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS ♦ On the Sunday School Lesson (♦) 4 by Rev. Dr. Linscott for tho W 4i International Prsss Bible 4 4 Question Club. W 4 4 4 Copyright. 1912, by Rev. T. S. ♦ 4 Linscott, D. V. 4 January 4, 1914. Jesus and the children.—Mark lx, 30-41; x, 13-16. Golden Text—Gird yourselvee with hu mility to serve one another, for God re siateth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.—I Peter v, 5. 1. Verses 30-32—Why did Jesus at this time wish to hide His movements? 2. In which year of His three years* ministry did Jesus first tell His disciples of His coming death? 3. Did Jesus know from the beginning of His ministry that the Jews would re ject and put Him to death? Why? 4. About what time in the ministry of Jesus did the Jews definitely decide to bring about His death? 6. \ erses 33-35—How had Jesus learned what the disciples had been disputing about? 6. At what stage in the development of our expressed thoughts does God become aware of them? 7. Why was it wrong for the disciples to look out for the best possible position in Christ’s coming kingdom? 8. Why were the disciples apparently ashamed to tell Jesus that they had been disputing concerning who should he great est? 9. Would you say or not, and why, that it is wrong for a layman or a clergyman to seek tho highest position In the gift of the church? 10. Which moat resemble Christ, and why, those who aim for the leading posi tions, or those who forget themselves, and aim to serve to the utmost their fellows? 11. Verses 36-37—What did it signify In this conversation that Christ put a child before them? 12. W'hat would you say are the two great laws In Christ’s kingdom? 13. See Matt, xviil, 4, and say what aro the qualities in a little child which Jesus told His disciples to acquire? (This is one of the questions which may be answered in writing by members of the club.) 14. What Is true humility? 15. Why does Jesus select a little child to be the representative of himself? 16. Is it literally so or not, and why, that a good deed or a bad deed done to a little child is the same as If done to Christ? 17. Verses 38-40—Why do certain Chris tian churches not permit any but or dained clergymen to officiate in their churches or preach In their pulpits? 18. Why did the disciples forbid the one whom they found casting out devils In Jesus' name? 19. If we find one today who without any ecclesiastical authority is preaching the gospel with power, what should be our attitude toward him? 20. What different estimate does God put upon a godly minister and a godly layman who is doing ministerial work? 21. Verse 41—What Is the difference of the reward for a good deed done a sinner or a similar good deed done to a Chris tian? 22. Chapter x, 13-16—Why did the dis ciples rebuke those who brought their children to Jesus? 23. Why are children Just as able to love Jesus as adults? 24. Why is Jesus anxious to have the children come to him? 25. What Is the gravity of the offense to prevent children from coming to Jesus? 26. What can we do more than we are doing to bring the children to Jesus? The Tonsil War. Medical authorities nre giving more attention to the tonsils now than in the past, and are radically divided into two large divergent classes, one favoring their removal and the other, except in the most extreme cases, be ing opposed thereto. Dr. J. A. Hagenman, of Pittsburgh, in the New York Medical Record, quoting Darwin, holds that the progenitors of man must have been aquatic in their habits; that our early lungs consisted of a swim bladder, which once served as a float; that the clefts on the neck In the em bryo of man show w-here these gills or bronchlao once existed. The doctor sets forth that the tonsils are prob ably vestigial organs of respiration, modified gills surviving man's descent from an amphibious existence. He re marks that "when the tonsils have been Incompletely removed In very young children, there Is a marked ten dency to regeneration, reminding one of the salamander that regenerates a leg or an eye so long as there is a fragment of the original left from which the new growth may spring. Man long since became solely a lung breathing animal, by reason of the changes In the topography of the earth’s surface. It was when man’s progenitors periodically forsook the waters, the organs we now know as lungs gradually developed from the swim-bladder, and the gills, from lack of use during prolonged periods, be came atrophied.” Heads Change Shape. A writer of an Indian paper state* that heads have changed remarkably during the last quarter of a century, owing to the advancement of education, which Is ma terially affecting business men and wom en by developing the mental powers, says a writer In the London Sun. The person w-ho will hold the reins of command In the future will be the long-headed Indi vidual, who is fast surpassing the wide headed brothers. The shape of the head is of greater im portance than its size, and the best liter ary type of head varies from 22 inches up, but up to 24% Inches may he found men of powerful Intellects. Heads that succeed In business and In manufacturing anf mechanism are usually large, wide about the ears and forward, with a broad though not always a high forehead. Heads that succeed in educational, lit erary. scientific, analytical and artistic fiursults are generally long, proportlonate y narrow and high, with a good develop mcnt forward of the ears. Sir Thomfli Llpton. H. Gordon Selfrldge and Sir Joseph Lyons are among the men who possess heads which may be accounted 1 somewhat Ideal types of the class of busi ness men who will lead In tha futurs. CHEROKEE ALPHABET INVENTED IN 1824, HISTORY INDICATES Sequoyah, Noted Chief, Perfected Sys tem for Transmission of Thought —Two Papers Published in Native Tongue. No Indian nation on this continent has such a remarkable Journalistic his tory as the Cherokee. Sequoyah, their great leader, perfected in 1824 an al phabet for them, according to Cherokee Indian history provided by "Black Fox,” a famous members of the tribe, to George E. Foster of Webber Falls. This alphabet was the first Invented by aborigines for more than 1,000 years. Sequoyah, like many Inventors, had been ridiculed and even accounted crazy by his tribe, and on many a fine morning his w'ife, who had little pa tience with his meditative and philo sophical ways, could be heard chiding him for his laziness. In spite of all op position he persevered and having spent nearly as much time in persua sion as he had in Inventing, he at length convinced his people of its util , Ity. Hence it was that, in November, 1825, the Cherokee council resolved to ■ procure two sets of type, one fashioned i after Sequoyah’s invention and the i other English, and also to procure a ! printing press and the general furniture necessary for a well equipped printing office. By the following November the work had so far assumed shape that the council resolved to erect "a printing office, 34x20 feet, one-story high, shingle roof, with one fire place, one door in the end of the house, one floor and a window in each side of the house, two lights deep and 10 feet long, to be chinked and lined in the inside with parrow plank.” February 21, 1828, the iron printing press of improved construction and fonts of Cherokee and English type, to gether wdth the entire outfit necessary for publishing a newspaper, was set up at New Echota, Ga., and the first copy of the Cherokee Phoenix was given to the world. The Phoenix was not only the first aboriginal newspaper on this continent, but it was printed in the first orthography. Elias Boudinot was the first editor. He was aided by the missionaries of the American board. One-Half in Sequoyah. The Phoenix was the average size of the newspapers of the day and one tialf of it was printed in the Sequoyah alphabet. By resolution of the council, 'he printer’s apprentices were boarded |md clothed at the expense of the coun pil and the editor was forbidden to pub lish scurrilous communications, or any thing of a religious nature that would lavor of sectarianism. The first pros oectus read as follows: “The great object of the Phoenix will be to benefit the Cherokees, and the following subjects will occupy the col umns: First, the laws and public docu ments of the nation; second, accounts af the manners and customs of the Cherokees and their progress in edu cation, religion and acts of civilized life, with such notices of other Indians as our limited means of information will allow; third, the principal interest ing events of the day; fourth, miscel laneous articles calculated to promote literature, civilization and religion among the Cherokees.” Such were the topics that were printed and that Sequoyah read in let ters of his own invention in the col umns of the Poenix within two years after the acceptance of the alphabet by the nation. Received With Profound Wonder. No publication was ever received with such profound wonder by the world as this. Copies were ordered from all parts of the country, and the London Times exchanged with it on equal terms. The publication of the Phoenix seemed to be the key which was to unlock the intellectual faculties of the Cherokees. In November, nine months after the first copy of the Phoenix was published, a missionary wrote from among them that in his opinion at least three-fourths of the nation could read and write in their pew alphabet. Publications from the press at New Echota w-ere eagerly sought. uriivi- A.,/, t.nnoa rtf t Vi artrinrinn pf Sequoyah’s alphabet, the press at Nrew Echota had turned off 738,800 pages of good reading which was eag erly read and reread by the Chero kees. Two years after the number had Increased to 1,513,800 pages and before Sequoyah’s death in 1843, more than | 000,000 pages of good literature had been printed in Cherokee, and that not including the circulation of the Phoe "'as early as 1830 the pages of the Phoenix began to forecast the doom (hat was inevitably to follow. Even (hen the Cherokees had given up all hope of receiving justice from the hands of our government. February 19, 1831, the Phoenix appeared with pnlv a half sheet. "The reason is,” said an editorial, ‘one of our printers has left us and wo expe«t another who is a white man, to quit us very soon either to be iiragged to the Georgia penitentiary (or a term of years, or for his personal safety to leave the nation to let us shift for ourselves. But we will not five up the ship while she Is afloat. tV'e have intelligent youth enough in the nation, and we hope before long to make up our loss. Let our patrons hear in mind that we are in the woods, and as it is said by many in a savage country, where printers are not plenty, and therefore they must not expect to receive the Phoenix regularly for awhile, but we will do the best we can.” . Reciprocation Ceases. One month later another prisoner was carried away to prison, his only misdemeanor being that he had not taken the oath of allegiance to the governor of Georgia and dared to re side within the limits of the Chero kees. In June, 1832. the Phoenix re marked: "The gigantic silver pipe which George Washington placed in the hands of the Cherokees as a me morial of his warm and abiding friendship has ceased to reciprocate: it lies in a corner, cold like its author to rise no more.” Onlv three years more was the phoenix allowed to do its good work. In October. 1835, the Georgia guard took possession of the newspaper es tablishment and its further issue was prohibited unless it would uphold the course of Georgia against the Indians. Thus perished one of the most re markable newspapers, both in its or igin and results, that America has ever known. For a long time there were no fur ther attempts at journalism among the Cherokees. The years succeeding 1835 were years of affliction to this race. Driven from their land by the bayonet of the white man, they were obliged to go to their western home, and dur ing their removal nearly 4,000 of them perished. The following years were spent in recuperating and reorganiz ing, and it was not until 1844 that the nation assumed the publication of an* other paper. In 1843 the Baptist mission started a paper called the Cherokee Messen ger, that for some years did an im portant work in the Cherokee country. A decade of years had indeed brought about a great change in the condition of tlie Cherokee people; the mission press had continued to do its nobl® work and when the national council had its new press in working order three separate printing offices wer® in existence. The council called its new paper the Cherokee Advocate. Realizing the need of outside assist ance, they called for patronage from the citizens of the United States. Th« executive department of the Cheroke® government has among its archives copies of the Advocate from October, 1845, to November, 1846, but it con tinued to be printed until 1853 or 1854, when it was suspended. It did not at tract the attention which the Phoenis did, as the novelty of Cherokee jour nalism had subsided, and it was fur ther removed from the people. The second Cherokee Advocate was started in 1870 and is the official or gan of the nation. It has for its ob ject the diffusion of important news among the Cherokee people, the ad vancement of their general interests, and the defense of Indian rights. II it published weekly in the English and Cherokee languages and nothing of an abusive, personal or partisan char acter is admitted to its columns. One Page in Cherokee, Since February 10, 1881, the editor is required to have one whole page of the paper published in Cherokee, and for this purpose he is authorized to employ two Cherokee boys as appren tices for the term of two years, who read and write Cherokee and English, and pay them, during the time, a sum equal only to the cost of their board and clothes; and the bill for their serv ices is paid quarterly by order on th® treasurer of the nation. The editor la elected by joint vote of both branches of the national council and receives from the public treasury the sum of $600 per annum for his services. It is the duty of the editor to exer cise control over the establishment; to furnish such matter for publication from time to time as in his judgment will promote the object of the institu tion. He must see that the material and property of the concern is properly preserved and economically used; h® receives the subscription money at tho rate fixed by law; he makes quarterly accounts to the treasurer, and an an nual one to the principal chief for tho information of the national council of the condition of the paper and it3 in terests, with an itemized account of its receipts and expenditures. It is hia duty also to print and deliver, within a reasonable time to the principal chief such laws and treaties as may be re quired by the national council; also the blanks required by the officers of the nation and such other printing aa may be required in public service. -V.! r. dnttoo is required to fill a bond of a nature to satisfy the principal chief, who also appoints a translator, whose duty it is to translate into the Cherokee lan guage for publication such laws, pub lic documents and articles as the edi tor shall select for his paper. This translator receives *400 annually for his services, and, like the editor, is subject to removal by the principal chief for improper conduct or failure to perform prescribed duties. Though the Advocate is an eight wide column folio, it is furnished by the national to all subscribers for *1 per year and sent free to all non-English speaking Cherokees, thus becoming ari important educator to a multiude who otherwise could not read at all, as the alphabet is so well adapted to the language, be ing syllables that a smart Cherokee youth can l,earn to read in three days. Editors of Advocate. The Advocate was edited first by W. P. Ross; Dan Ross, David Carter and James Vann followed. After the war, W. P. Boudinot took charge, w'ho was followed by George Johnson and E. C. Boudinot, Daniel A. Ross; after which E. C. Boudinot, the present editor, took charge. At Vinita there have been three at tempts at Indian journalism, the two first were papers called the Vidett and the Herald. Each had a brief exist ence. The Indian Chieftain was estab lished September 22, 1882. Robert L. Owen, a descendant of the old chief, Occon-o-stotas, became editor Feb ruary 9, 1883. He was succeeded by William P. Ross, now superintendent of public instruction for the Cherokee nation. S. J. Thompson was the next editor. The paper is now published by M. E. Milford and very ably edited by John L. Adair, who is a near relative of the late assistant chief, William P. Adair. The Chieftain is printed only in Eng lish. A small paper was recently started at Dwight for the purpose of furnishing religious reading, printed in both English and Sequoyah’s alphabet. Used Quinine on Cancer. Chicago Correspondence In the New York ' Times. Dr. Max Reichmann, an X-ray expert of this city, read a paper before thr* Chicago Medical society recently, de scribing a new method of treating can cer which he believes will terminate the disease at a particular seat of growth. Dr. Reichmann said he treated a pa tient who was suffering from an ad vanced growth by injecting eight grams of quinine with 100 grams of distilled water in the tissues. He then brought the X-ray machine into play, which was made radio-active by means of the Roentgen rays after the injec tion. Signs of improvement were ap parent and he continued the treat ment. A dozen Injections of the liquid were made, th,e X-ray being used each time. “I do not maintain that I have found a cure," said Dr. Reichmann, "but to all appearances the wound in the pa tient’s breast is cured. I will watch this case closely, for it means much to science after all these years if we have found something to stay the disease." Dr. John R. Murphy, Chicago's fore most medical man, said: "No doubt Dr. Relchmann’s claim haa merit and it is another step forward is the solution of the cancer problem." LOOK JUST AS GOOD TO HIM. Doctor—Sorry, but I forgot my Instru ments. Patient—That’s all right, doc; there was a burglar here last night and he left tomi tools.