/ NEW USES FOR ALUMINUM.
Valuable Metal in Welding Rail Joints.
S' —Rival of Copper.
New York Tribune: When aluminum
first became cheap it wa« employed for
scarcely anything besides the manufacture ;
of a few household utensils and a clast
of ornamental and useful articles of which j
the pocket matchbox Is a type. Its next
important service was to compete with
copper as an electrical conductor. Be
tween Niagara and Buffalo and in several
other parts of the country it has dem
onstrated its technical and economic value
In this kind of work beyond a doubt. A
third field of usefulness has more recent
ly been opened up. To this the atten
tion of Americans Is Just now directed by
the second visit of Dr. Hans Goldschmidt
to tho United States. His-lecture at Co
lumbia university last Friday revealed
new possibilities for the metal, which, ac
cording to chemists, is more abundant
than any other in the earth's crust.
The key to the function which aluminum
performs in metallurgy and engineeWng is
found in the remarkable heat that is sud
denly developed when it is burned. Com
bustion, it will be remembered, is simply
the union of a given element with oxygen
When wood or coal is set on fire the car
bon combines with that gas and producer
carbonic oxide. Alufninum will not unite
with atmospheric oxygen, though. It is
necessary to supply the element in a solid
form. The oxide of some other metal fur
nishes this. If equal parts of aluminum
and the oxide of iron, both pulverized and
cold, are placed in a crucible and a tiny
fuse of the right kind is applied a mar
velous effect is produced. The receptacle
becomes a furnace. By purely chemical
f means a temperature Is induced which ri
k vals that of the electric arc. Within a
™ minute or two iron and the latter is
melted. If, in advance and with a view
to further operations, the fron is charged
With the proper amount of carbon or
tome other element the product is a steel
possessing qualities that adapt it to Soma
ipeoial services.
One highly practical operation made fea
sible by the process here described is the
welding of rails on trolley roads. In or
der to employ both the main track and
the third rail (if there be one) as electri
cal conductors it is customary to do one
of two things. Either a copper bond is
attached to the ends of adjacent rails at
Bach joint or a little molten iron is poured
around tho cold steel there. The latter
operation, as formerly conducted, involved
the us<* of cumbrous and exi^nsive ap
paratus. In Europe aluminum is now used
lo some extent instead. A small portable
crucible, tapering to a point, is adjusted
Cver the right spot, a mold is formed
around the joint to be welded, the proper
mixture is Ignited and almost Immedi
ately a supply of liquid steel is ready to
be run into place. So intense is the heat
Df the latter that it dissolves part of the
metal of which the rail is composed and
a joint of surprising strength is created,
&ere, again, aluminum figures as a rival
Cf copper, and it promises to make the old
tttyle of bond unnecessary.
The Greatest Living Historian.
The Lounger, !n January Crititc: John
Morley is said to have received $50,000 for
his "Life of Gladstone.” When one takes
Mr. Morley’s name into consideration, and
the amount of work he has put into this
"Life,” the pay is not large. It is well
known that Messrs. Hay and Nicolay
1 were paid a similar amount for the serial
rights alone in their life of Lincoln. Mr.
Morley, by the way, is to visit the United
States in the new year, having been en
gaged to deliver an address at the open
ing of the technical college at Pittsburg,
In October next. It is thirty years since
Mr. Morley has visited America. He will
see many changes not only in architec
ture, but in manners and customs. We
were a simpler people thirty years ago
than we are today.
A fellow in gooa old Terre Haute
Went out at election to vaute;
When his party won out
He gave a great shout—
And came home as full as a gaute.
Three Tears Alter.
Eugene E. Lario, of 751 Twentieth
»venue, ticket seller in the Union Sta
tion, Denver, Colo., says: “You are ft
liberty to repeat what I
first* stated through our
Denver papers about
Doan’s Kidney Pills in the
summer of 1899, for I have
bad no reason in the in
terim to change my opin
ion of the remedy. I was
subject to severe attacks
of backache, always ag
gravated if I sat long at a
desk. Doan’s Kidney Pills
absolutely stopped my
A backache. I have never
P bad a pain or a twinge
' 6ince.”
Foster-Milbnrn Co., Buf
falo, N. Y. For sale by all druggists,
•rice 50 cents per box.
A Compromise.
Chicago Post: “I hate to see a big
woman and a little man mated.”
“So do I.”
"A man ought to be taller than the girl
be marries.”
“Or else he ought to have a lot of
money.”
Mother Gray’s Sweet Powders for
Children.
Successfully used by Mother Gray, nurse
in the Children’s Home in New York, cure
Constipation, Feverishness, Bad Stomach,
Teething Disorders, move and regulate the
Bowels and Destroy Worms. Over 30,000 tes
timonials. At all Druggists, 25c. Sample
FREE. Address A. S. Olmsted, LeRoy, N. Y.
Maine's log cabin at the world’s fair
will be built in the Maine pineries. It
will then be taken down, the timbers
carefully marked, and the material
shipped to St. Louis, where It will be
reconstructed.
it CASTOR IA
For Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
efnatureof
Prepositions.
Puck: Corby—1 hear Carr spends a
deal of time in his automobile?
Miss Ryder—You’ve been ndsin
formed: noi in it, but under It, and with
a j^mkey wrench.
Teosinte anil Billion Dollar Grass.
The two greatest fodder plants on
earth, one good for 14 tons hay and the
other SO tons green fodder per acre.
Grows everywhere, so does Victoria
Rape, yielding 00,000 lbs. sheep and
swine fond per acre.
JUST SEND 10c IN STAMPS TO THE
John A. Salzer Seed Co., La Crosse. .
Wis.. and receive in return their big
catalogue and lots of farm seed samples.
(C. N. U.»
Red uniforms present the best
marks for the enemy's shot; rifle green
comes next, brown third, while Aus
V trian bluish-gray is found to be the
("' least fatal.
Feeding Sheep in Troughs.
The design of a sheep trough Illustrated
this week is one which has been found en
tirely satisfactory, all things considered
It is some little trouble to make it but
its superiority over the average trough is
so great that the labor spent in its con
best way of keeping this portioi
of the house clean. If the roosli,
are located as they should tx
there will be a dropping board un
der them which will receive all the drop
pings so that It is easy to remove then
with a hoe. In cold weather It may no;
be necessary to remove them daily unlesr
one has a large number of fow'ls, but they
should be springled either with land plas
ter or with dirt to keep down the odo»
as well as to retain their fertilzing value
Do not use lime, for this releases the am
monia in the manure, its most valuable
fertilizer. Covered as described each day
the droppings may be removed once or
twice a week and the board then sprin
kled lightly with lime or with a solution
of carbolic acid.
Growing Apples of Quality.
The advocates of the Ben Davis apple,
that superbly colored variety of decidedly,
poor flavor, claim that for both the home
and the foreign market no other variety
approaches it. This might have been true
several years ago, but is not now. In the
home market consumers are familiar
with the beautiful color of the Ben Davis,
but they are quite as familiar with its
poor quality and want none of it. Recen:
reports from exporters Indicate that the
foreign consumer is also beginning to look
upon the enticing Ben Davis with sus
picion, one exporter even going so far a
to claim that if we did not stop shipping
it our foreign trade In apples would be
ruined. This is not in the least consoling
to those who have orchards of Ben Davis,
but should be borne in mind when new
orchards are to be set. If a variety is of
good color and of high quality well and
good, but if only one can be had then
choose the variety" which has the quality
To prove its merits to the consumer let
him taste; once will be sufficient, and the
trade w ill be secure. This applies to oth
er fruit as well as to apples.
Winter Care of Horses.
There are few farmers who properly
feed their horses during the winter, the
main fault being the tendency tp under
feed them. It Is admitted that It comes
hard to feed very heavy when the horses
are doing little or nothing, but on the
other hand the heavy w'ork which will be
required of them when spring opens is
overlooked. In cutting down the ration
care should be used that the grain ration
is not cut too greatly, for few horses will
be able to do an honest day’s wrork in the
spring if their main winter feed has been
roughage. An excellent plan of winter
ing horses is to give them a ration which
will keep them in good condition, and ev
ery one familiar with feeding horses can
figure what this ration should be, and let
them have more or less out door exer
cise; not in the harness, but in an en
closure sufficiently large so that they may
run and kick up their heels if so inclined.
In this enclosure have a shed open to the
warm side and in it place some roughage
so that if the animals are left out longer
than one intends they will have sheltef
and something to keep them busy. It is
surprising how much good this daily out
ing will do the animals.
Feeding for Protein.
Dairymen who are on a short allowanc*
in the matter of grain naturally wish to
keep down the expense bill and make the
mistake of feeding one grain only". For
example a correspondent asks which
would give him the best results, corn or
wheat bran, when, as a matter of fact he
should feed both to get anywhere near a
balanced ration, and they should be fed
in the proportion of one part of the wheat
bran to six parts of the corn. This, with
corn stover as roughage and with an oc
casional feed of oil meal or a change to
some of the concentrated feeds like gluten
meal will supply a fairly balanced ration
and not a costly one. Those who Jiave to
do with farm affairs are conilng more and
more to figure out these problems Instead
of guessing at what they should do or
working on the same plans they followed
years ago when conditions were, perhaps,
much different. This is going in the
right direction and the ultimate results
will not fail to be satisfactory.
Don’t Forget Green Food.
The reminder to fped liberally- of green
food during the winter cannot be given
too often. On pvery farm there is suf
ficient in the way of parings and unsal
able whole vegetables to give the fowls
one good ration of green food daily. Con
sider the quantity of green stuff the fowls
consume on the range during the sum
mer and ask yourself if it is possible to
feel that they can do without a substi
tute during the- winter. Don’t run the
risk if you want or expect a full egg
basket.
Ice and Cold Storage House.
While many farmers consider an Ice
house a luxury that is not for them, a
building such as is shown in the cut may
be erected at small cost and if the ice
can be had for the cutting and drawing
it will be found profitable. Even In sec
tions where ice is scarce such a structure
would be worth all it cost to a fruit grow
er who desired to hold back bis products
in cold storage. To make the house cheap
build it of any lumber obtainable, the es
stfuctlon will be well spent. As shown,
the trough is twelve feet long, sixteen
inches wide, twenty-two inches high, ta
pered as shown. With the exception of the
slats which are one-half inch thick and
two and one-half inches .wide the trough
is made of inch lumber. The sides, which
are nailed on the edge of the bottom are
six inches wide. The end pieces or legs
are three Inches wide and extend six
inches below the bottom of the trough, as
shown. These legs are, of course, fastenqfl j
securely tb the trough after the latter is j
built and are independent of the rack it
self. The rack is built by nailing the j
slats one foot apart on pieces three inches ;
wide and twelve feet long and are then
hinged to the sides of the trough so that
they rest in the edges of the trough when
closed. Two hinges on each side (strap
hinges of course) will be sufficient. At
about the middle of the racks a bent hasp
is fastened so that when the racks are in
place they may be held so by turning the
hasp over the other other side over a staple
and holding it in place with a bit of wood.
In this arrangement either rack may be
let down and the trough thus filled from
either side.
How Oleomargarine Has Failed.
When the oleomargarine bill -was before
congress it was claimed by those who
fought against it that the attempt to tax
It was nothing more nor less than “an ef
fort to throttle a promising industry in the
interests of farmers. Its defendants
claimed, on the other hand, that they had
no objection to the manufacture and sale
of oleomargarine as such, but decidedly
objected to its being colored in imitation
of butter without being labeled as an imi
tation. To the credit of the national law
makers, be it said, the bill wras passed
which provided that oleomargarine col
ored to imitate butter should be taxed at !
10 cents a pound and when not colored at !
one-fourth of 1 cent a pound. The just- I
ness of the law as passed is shown by the '
report of the commissioner of internal rev- j
enue to the effect that at the close of a
fiscal year after the law went into effect
no manufacturer or dealer had qualified,
as the law directed, to manufacture or
market colored oleomargarine and pay the ;
tax. This is conclusive evidence that the
claim made, while the bill was before con
gress, that the consumer would rather
have oleomargarine than butter was false.
A few more victories like this and both
farmers and consumers will be on the road
to moderate prosperity; the one because
he obtains a fair price for his product,
the other because he is not, unknowingly,
Ailing his stomach with adulterated foods.
Care for the Trees.
The storms of winter are likely to make
trouble with trees In orchards and else
where so it is a good plan to have a sup- j
ply of grafting wax on hand to dress the j
wounds to limbs which may result. Have :
also a narrow blade but sharp saw so that
the injured tree limb may be cut off and .
leave a smooth surface to be covered with ■
the healing wax. A good wax is made
by melting slowly in an iron kettle four ,
pounds of rosin, two pounds of Arst class
tallow and one pound of beeswax. When j
melted and thoroughly mixed turn the ’
mass into a kettle of cold water. When J
cool the mass may be pulled and stretched i
in the same manner that candy is manipu- |
lated. Oil the hands with sweet oil so
that the mass will not stick to them. In j
applying during the cold weather the wax :
will be hard unless kept in rather warm I
water and applied quickly with the hand. !
The formula as given is for grafting wax
to be used under ordinary conditions, but
an additional half pound of tallow should
be used for the wax to be used during the
winter weather. The wounds of the trees
thus protected will heal over nicely and
the tree not be injured so greatly as it
would if the wounds were left exposed.
Does Summer Barn Feeding Pay? j
Several readers of this department have
asked for information regarding the grow
ing tendency in some sections to bran-feed (
the cows the year round. In some locali- |
ties this plan has been found profitable, j
but under normal conditions it is not like- <
ly to pay. If one is farming high price I
land and help can be had both winter and
summer at fair prices, and the prices ob
tained for milk and butter are good, then
barn feeding the year round is undoubtedly
profitable. Any dairyman will know what
the work involves without being told and
will realize that it is an entirely different
proposition from turning the cows onto
a good permanent pasture for several
months with but one small feed of grain
daily. The feed for the winter Is to be
grown as usual and enough more for sum
mer as well to carry out the barn feeding
plan, so that the question is one each
dairyman must decide for himself upon the
conditions under which he is operating.
The Great Turkey Failure.
As is generally known the demand for
high grade turkeys this winter exceeded
the supply and the city consumers have
been wondering what the trouble with
farmers was Turkeys are not so easily
raised as chickens, perhaps, but by proper
care they can be raised if one has the
proper range for them, but the scarcity
was not due to any lack of skill In raising
the birds, but to carelessness in breeding
them. For some unaccountable reason
farmers who raise turkeys do not under
stand'the necessity for keeping up the
vitality of the flock by the introduction
of new blood. They understand this prin
ciple in chicken raising better than they
did and are profiting accordingly, but they
do not apply the same principle to turkeys.
Too much inbreeding was undoubtedly at
the bottom of the scarcity of turkeys this
winter, for where there should have been
a dozen turks natched and raised there
were four or five. Take the lesson home if
a turkey raiser and. make selections for
the breeding pen from among the best
hens, then buy a new tom turkey to head
the flock; do this two years in successian
and a decided improvement will be noticed.
Keeping Poultry Houses Clean.
There Is more or less objection on the
part of some poultry keepers to removing
the droppings from, the poultry houses
daily, although thin is undoubtedly the
sential thing being to have It with an in
ner wall a foot from the outer wall and
this space lllled in hard with sawdust
straw, leaves or any similar material
Then pack on the bottom of the floor a
foot of straw or hay or sawdust and on
thi.i lay the cakes of ice, filling In be
tween them with cracked ice and, if I hi
w'eather Is freezing, pour water over each
layer as it Is filled In. Divide off a por
tion of the space for a cold storage room
as shown in the lower part of the illus
tration, and one has a place where fruit
milk and butter may he kept in good
condition during the warmest days of
summer. Try an lee house even though
it be but a small one and you will In
surprised to see how little it will, cos;
and how useful It is.
The total United States trade with
Alaska for the fiscal year was: Jrn
>orte\ $10,228,000; exports, $0,407,000.
THE OLDEST MAN IN AMERICA
Tells How He Escaped the Terrors of Many Winters
by Using Pe«ru»na.
This centennrian is an ardent friend of
Peruna, having used it many years.
In speaking of his good health and ex
treme old age, Mr. Brock says;
“After a man has lived in the world a*
long as I have, he might to have found
out a grent many things by experience*
I think I have done so.
••One of the things l have found
out to my entire satisfaction is the
proper thing for ailments that are
due directly to the effects of the
climate. For IIS years I have
withstood the changeable climate
of the United States.
“I have always been a very healthy
man, but of course subject to the littlo
affections which are due to sudde».
changes in the climate and temperature.
During my long life 1 have known a
great many remedies for coughs, coldo
and diarrhoea.
••As for Dr. Hartman’s remedy,
Peruna, I have found it to be the
best, if not the only, reliable rem
edy for these affections. It haa
been my standby for many years,
and I attribute my good health and
extreme old age to this remedy.
"It exactly meets all my requirement**
It protects me from the evil effects of
sudden changes; it keeps me in good
appetite; it gives me strength; it keep*
my blood in good Circulation. I hav*
yome to rely upon it almost entirely for
the many little things for which I need
medicine.
“When epidemics of in grippe first
began to make their appearance in thi*
country I was a sufferer from this dis
ease.
“I had several long sieges with
the grip. At first I did not know
that Peruna was a remedy lot
this disease. When I heard that
la grippe was epidemic catarrh, 1
tried Peruna for fa grippe and
found it to be just the thing. ”
In a later letter dated January 31*
1003. Mr. Brook writes:
"I am well and feeling ns well ns t
have for years. The only thing th«t
bothers me Is my sight. If I could se*
better I could walk all over the farm anf
it would do me good. I would not b*
without Peruna.”
Yours truly,
For a free book on catarrh, nddrea*"
The Peruna Medicine Co., Columbus, CX.
if you do not derive prompt and satis
factory results from the use of Peruna,
write at once to Dr. Hartman, giving *
full statement of your case, and he will
be pleased to give you his valuable ad
vice gratis.
Address Dr. Hartman, President of
The Hartman Sanitarium, Colnmbua..
Ohio.
Mr. Brock’s Jgp|
Age is 115 gj/m
MR. ISAAC BROCK, BORN IN BUNCOMBE CO., N. C., MARCH I, 1788
His age is IIS years, vouched tor by authentic record. He says: “I at
tribute my extreme age to the use of Peruna.”
IBorn before the United States was
formed. 1
Saw 22 Presidents elected.
Pe-ru-na has protected him from
all sudden changes.
Veteran of four wars.
I} Shod a horse when 99 years old. I
! Always conquered the grip with j
Pe-ru-na. )
^ Witness In a land suit at the age )
} of 110 years. (
/ Believes Peruna the greatest >
remedy of the age for catarrhal)
' diseases j
1 SAjVC BROCK, n citizen of McLen
j nau County, Texas, has lived for 115
1 years. For many years he resided at
Rosque Falls, eighteen miles west of
Waco, hut now lives with his son-in-law
at Valley Mills, Texas.
A short time ago, by request, Uncie
Isanc came to Waco nnd sat for his pic
ture. lu his hand lie held a stick cut
from the grave of General Andrew Jack
son, which has been carried by him ever
since. Mr. Brock is a dignified old gen
tleman, showing few signs of decrepi
tude. His family Bible is still preserved,
nnd it shows that the date of his birth
was written 115 years ago.
Surely a few words from this remarka
ble old gentleman, who has had 115 years
of experience to draw from, would be
interesting ns well ns profitable. A
lengthy biographical sketch is given of
this remarkable old man in the Waco
Times-Herald, December 4, 1808. A still
more pretentious biography of this, the
oldest living man, Illustrated with a
double column portrait, was given the
renders of the Dallas Morning News,
dated December 11, 1808, and also the
Chicago Times-Herald of same date.
The Three Hundred.
New York Sun: Leonidas was holding
the pass.
"If we were only the Four Hundred
I instead of the Three Hundred." he
wailed, "they could never break
i through."
Angered at his lack of foresight; the
hero of Thermopylae fought to the bit
! ter end.
If j'ou are thinking of investing in
a farm or of changing your location,
call on us or write and we will have
rur agent see you.
MARCUS P. BEEBE,
IPSWICH, EDMUNDS CO., S. D.
M ._
A Sure Sign.
Holiday Town Topics: "Santa Claus
must belong to the smart set, mamma."
"Why?"
"Well, 1 notice he doesn't pay much at
tention to the homes of the poor.”
The U. S. Dept, of Agriculture.
Gives to Saber's Oats its heartiest en
dorsement. Saber's New National Oats
yielded in 1903 from 150 to 300 bu. per
iiere in 30 differeut States, mid you, Mr.
Farmer, can beat this in 3904, if you
will. Saber’s seeds are pedigree seeds,
bred up through careful selection to big
yields.
Per Acre.
Saber’s Beardless Barley yielded. 121 bu.
Saber’s Home Builder Corn.300 bu.
Spelts and Maenroni Wheat.80 bu.
Saber’s Victoria Rape.00,000 lbs.
! Saber's Teosinte. the quick grow
i ing fodder wonder.100,000 IKs.
Saber's Billion Dollar Grass. 50,000 lbs.
Saber’s Pedigree Potatoes... 1,000 bu.
I Now sueli yields pay and you can have
them. Mr. Farmer, in 1904.
SEND 10c IN STAMPS
and tliis notice to the John A. Saber
Seed Co.. La Crosse, Wis., and you will
pet their lag catalogue and lots of farm
seed samples free. (0. N. U.)
Spelling Reform.
Brooklyn Eagle: Filibusters are had
Highwaymen are censurable. But spell
ing reformers, like pirates, can well be
railed the enemies of mankind. Devices
lo make entrance to knowledge of the
English language easy are to be resented.
I'he knowledge Is desirable. But all Ills
history Is proof that knowledge easy to
obtain Is soon forgotten, while that hard
to acquire is permanently appreciated.
FARMS IN EDMUNDS COUNTY.
; SOUTH DAKOTA, FOR SALE on long
i time payments. Interest 6 per cent. No
j cash required from settlers who will
, improve the land. Your terms are
j mine, 'i'he Chicago. Milwaukee and St.
j Paul R. R. brings you here.
MARCUS P. BEEBE.
| IPFVVICH, EDMUNDS COUNTY, S. D.
There are 1,083,473 Odd Fellows in the
' United States and Canada, 911,221 Free
. 'll',.ms. and 928,035 of the Ancient Or
ier of Foresters.
REPEATING RIFLES
I No matter what your preferences are about a rifle,
|\ some one of the eight different Winchester
U will suit you. Winchester Rifles are made in
1 ble for shooting any game, from rabbits to gruzty ww»i
I and in many styles and weights. Whichever model
L select, you can count on its being well made and
l>n reliable in action and a strong, accurate shooter.
|\j FREES Our 160-page illustrated catalogue.
WjJfjjf* WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO. NEW HAVEN. CON
= -fa-...— .- >«9 .■■■ - .. 1 11"'. t
rWITH NERVES UNSTRUNG AND HEADS
THAT ACHE
WISE WOMEN
BROMO - SELTZER
TAKE
TRIAL BOTTLE lO CENTS. J
| France has, within six months.#puid
in subsidies for new ships $38,600,000.
>grr,v l't i puns Tttbu.es are the
jflRyija. dyspepsia medicine ever uukk
A hundred millions of them bav* -
^ .Cyl been sold In the United States Us
fOyfey ft »lnp|e y«ar. Constipation
heartburn, sick headache, <JUxV
^igjgpr ness, bad breath, sore throat aaf
ivery other illness arising from a disorder©#
tornach are relieved or cured by Ripana Tabular
>ne will generally give relief within tweafcg
ninutes. The flve-cent package is eno^pb •
or ordinary occasions. All druggists sell th«B»
JIOUX CITY P’T’G CO., 1,01&—3, 190#*
3EGGS’ CHERRY COUGH
SYRUP cures coughs aod tolds.'
■OEapEpoasEa ■
M CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAIU. P
U Best Cough ayrup. Tastes Good. Use
Cel In time, Sold by druggists. I (