»| CHRONOLOGY f
f of THE YEAR f
v Events of Importance That Have i1
t Marked the Past Twelve Months.
Two events overshadowed all others In
the first year of the new century. One
was the assassination of William McKin
ley, president of the United States, and
the other the death of Queen Victoria,
bringing to a close the longest and In
many respects the most remarkable
reign In British history. Each of the two
great English-speaking nations of the
world was thus called upon to mourn
for its highest representative of author
ity and to face what at one time might
have been a serious crisis in its affairs;
but in neither case was there even the
semblance of political or industrial dis
turbance or of governmental Instability.
Theodore Roosevelt became president and
Edward VII. king precisely in the manner
prescribed bv law and the close of 1901
finds each country as tranquil and secure
as it was twelve months ago.
In the United States the affairs of
greatest importance before the public,
aside from the murder of the president,
were the new Hay-Pnunccfote canal
treaty, the Schley inquiry, the Supreme
court decisions in the insular cases, the
formation of the United States Steel cor
poration and other gigantic combinations
of capital, the panic in the New York
stock market, and tho princely gifts to
educational Institutions by Andrew Car
negie. John D. Rockefeller, D. K. Pear
sons and others.
Tim Year Politically.
Politically, the year In the United
States was a rather eventful one. Wil
liam McKinley began his second term as
president of the United States on the 4th
of March, wfhen ho was Inaugurated
with Theodore Roosevelt as vice-presi
dent. In September he was stricken
down by an assassin and Mr. Roosevelt
became the chief executive. No other
changes took place at the time, but in
December the postmaster-general, Charles
E. Smith, and the secretary of the treas
ury, Lyman J. Gage, resigned. Henry C.
Payne of Milwaukee ^jvas chosen to suc
ceed the former and Leslie M. Shaw,
governor of Iowa, the latter.
Work of fiflth Congress.
Among the Important laws enacted at
the second session of the 66th congress
were these: Reorganizing the army on
the basts of a force of from 60.000 to
100.000 men: materially reducing the war
revenue taxes; Increasing the member
ship of the house of representatives from
357 to 386 by reapportioning the con
gressional districts; abolishing the army
canteen. The river and harbor bill, the
Nicaragua canal bill and the ship sub
sidy bill were measures that failed to
pass.
Our Insular Problems.
Considerable progress toward the settle
ment of the lnaular problems was made.
The greater portion of the Philippine
Islands had been brought under complete
control early In the year and the capture
of Aguinaldo by Gen. Funston March 23
did a great deal to hasten the work of
pacification. On the 4th of July civil
government was established with Wil
liam H. Taft as the first civil governor.
At the same time the military authority
in the tslands was transferred from
Gen. Arthur MacArthur to Gen. A. R.
Chaffee. Opposition to United States rule
It not entirely at an end. In Samar
bolomen attacked a detachment of the 9th
Infantry Oct. 18, killing ten and wounding
six men. Other less disastrous en
counters have occurred.
Trade wltli New Possessions.
Under a decision of the United States
Supreme court rendered Dec. 2 It wns
held that the Philippines became domes
tic territory Immediately upon the rati
fication of the treaty of peace and that
In the absence of legislation by congress
duties levied upon the products of the
Islands were Illegal. It was further held
that the right of congress to pass laws
for the regulation of the Islands was un
restricted, coming from the constitution
Itself. In substance It was held the col
lection of duties on products coming from
Porto Rico between the time the treaty
of Parts went into effect arid the date
when the Foruker tariff act became a
law was Illegal; that the Island of Porto
Rico Is a territory appurtenant and be
longing to the United States but not a
part of the United States within the rev
enue clause of the constitution, and that
the Foraker act Is constitutional.
Relations with Cuba.
The relations to exist between the
United States and Cuba were determined,
at least temporarily, by the adoption of
the Platt resolutions by congress in June.
Briefly, these provide that the govern
ment ot the Island shall retain Its inde
pendence of all foreign countries, that
the United States may Intervene to pre
serve such Independence, that the acts
of the United States during the period of
military occupancy shall be ratified, that
sanitary plans for the prevention of epi
demics shall be carried out and that this
country shall be permitted to buy or lecse
naval or coaling stations at points to be
agreed upon.
On the 21st of February the constitution
as agreed to by the members of the
Cuban convention was signed by the
members of that body. It is based large
ly upon that of the United States. Dee.
'll Gen. Tomaso Estrada Palma was
elected the flrst president of Cuba.
Free trade between Porto Rico and the
United States went Into effect July 25, the
anniversary of the landing of the Ameri
can troops on the island in 1SS9. Civil
government under the provisions of the
Foraker act was established In May, 1900,
and the flrst governor was Chari, s H.
Allen. He was succeeded this year by
William H. Hunt.
President McKinley's Murder.
The facts In the assasslnaton of Presi
dent William McKinley are still too
vividly remembered to require extended
mention. He had entered upon hts sec
ond term under the most favorable aus
pices. Everything pertaining to the fu
ture seemed bright with promise when,
without a moment's warning, he was shot
down by an anarchist. The fatal bullet
was fired by Leon Czolgosz while the
president was receiving the public in the
T triple of Music at the Pan-American
exposition In Buffalo on the afternoon of
Friday, Sept. 6. He lingered until early
on the morning of the ltth of the same
month, when he passed away, with the
words: "God’s will, not ours, be done.”
The grief of the people was as deep ami
sincere as It was widespread. Telegrams
of condolence come from all parts of the
civilized world and from persons In all
stations of life.
The assassin was speedily tried, con
victed and the sentence of death execu
ted. Czolgoia died in the electric chair
In Auburn prison on the morning of
Oct. 21*.
Roosevelt Heroines President.
Theodore Roosevelt assumed the office
of president Sept. 14, the day on which
McKinley died, taking the oath of office
in Buffalo. One of his first public an
nouncements was that the policy of his
predecessor would be* faithfully ex
ecuted.
Sell ley-Sampson Controversy.
The Schley-SampKon controversy as to
which commander was entitled to the
credit for the destruction of Cervera's
fleet at Santiago reached its culmination
in July when the third volume of Kdgar
S. Maclay’s ‘ History of the t'nlted States
Navy" was published. In lids book the
conduct of VViniield H. Schley as com
mander of the flying squadron was cen
sured In the severest terms. The author
declared that the admiral was guilty of
disobedience of orders in falling to pro
ceed to Santiago when ordered to do so
and that the Brooklyn's famous "loop”
was tho result of his cowardice.
Aa the historian was connected with
the navy department as an employe Ad
miral Schley could not overlook the
charges and on the 22d of July wrote a
letter to Secretary Long asking for an In
vestigation. His request was complied
with and a court of three, with Admiral
Dewey president, listened to the testi
mony and the arguments of counsel from
Sept. 20 until Nov. 7. when the court took
the case under advisement.
Dec. 13 i..e verdict was announced. It
was In two parts, the first signed by all
the members of the court and the second
by Admiral Dewey alone. Rear-Admirals
Bern.am and Ramsay, comprising a ma
jority of the court, condemned Admiral
Schley in general terms, but Admiral
Dewey In a minority report declared
Schley was entitled to the credit for the
victory of Santiago.
Secretary Long approved the majority
finding and declared that the opinion
added by Admiral Dewey was not proper.
President Roosevelt ordered the imme
diate discharge from the employ of the
navy department of Maelay and the or
der was carried Into effect.
Isthmian Canal Treaty Signed.
The outlook tor the building- of an isth
mian canal In the near future became
much more promising when on Nov. 18
Uord Pauncefote and Secretary Hay
Blgned. a new treaty on behalf of their
respective governments. This agreement
superseded the old Clayton-Bulwer treaty
and did not contain the objectionable
textures of the document which was so
amended by the United States senate as
to be unacceptable to Great Britain. Its
most salient feature was the implied
right of this country to fortify the canal
whenever It Is built. The agreement wr.s
laid before the senate and was ratified
by that body Dec. 16 by a vote of 72 to 6.
The canal commission appointed to inves
tigate the two available routes—the Nic
aragua and the Panama—reported In
favor of the former, and a bill authoris
ing the building of a ship canal at Nic
aragua was at once introduced In the
house of representatives. Date in Decem
ber It was reported from Paris that the
French Panama company was willing to
sell Its property and rights for $40,000,000,
and It Is, therefore, possible that the
claims of the Panama route will receive
serious consideration at the hands of
congress.
DISASTERS OF- THE YEAR.
Record Is Long, and the Number of
Death* Involved Gsctulve.
Jacksonville. Fin., was the scene of the
most disastrous tire of the year in Amer
ica. The greater part of the etty was
laid In ashes May 3, causing a totul loss
of about $11,000,000. Another serious
tire was that In Montreal. Jan. 23. The
loss was $2,500,000. Twenty-eight lives
were lost by the burning of the Rochester
(N. Y.) orphun asylum Jan. 8; nineteen
persons were killed in a furniture-house
Are In Philadelphia, Oct. 26. and 100 or
more were lost tn a great oil fire at
Baku, Russia, Fob. 5.
Tornadoes, cyclones and Hoods were
fortunately few In number compared to
other years. The worst disaster of tills
sort wus a storm and flood In the Klk
horn valley of West Virginia June 23.
Between fifty and sixty lives were lost
and property to the value of about $1,000.
uw was oesiroyeu.
The following is a list of the most
prominent disasters In 1901;
In January 10 were killed by an explo
sion at Lei-Tung, China: S by a fire at
Minneapolis; 6 by a railroad accident at
Mlkala, Austria: 20 by a panic at Tokyo,
Japan; 120 by a blizzard in south Russia:
50 by the capsizing of a barge off the
coast of Madagascar; 400 by a storm on
the coast of Japan; 70 by an explosion
at Hang Chow, China: 10 by a boiler ex
plosion at Rookllnghauser. Bohemia; and
35 by a hurricane at Trondjhem, Nor
way.
In February 87 persons perished In a
mine accident at Durango, Mexico; 392
by a storm on the coast of China; 6 by
an explosion at Guilford, England: 7 by
railroad accident in New South Wales;
60 by a mine accident in Cumberland, B.
C., and 5 at Hermoslllo, Mexico; 21 by
tire at Tokyo, Japan: 40 by storm at
Odessa. Russia; 6 by Are at Birmingham,
England; and 32 by a mine accident at
Kemmerer, Wyo.
In March 50 persons were killed by an
explosion In China; 7 by explosion in
Spain; SO by a railroad accident at Wa
lovo, Russia; 17 by a mine accident at
Yabori, Japan; 10 by mine accident at
Gllsenkirehe, Prussia; S by cyclone in
Texas; IB by a cyclone in Arkansas; 10
by boiler explosion In Chicago; 8 by an
avalanche at Lake Como; 20 by Aood in
Bolivia; 15 by bursting of a dam at Bo
logna, Italy; 9 by a railroad accident in
New South Wales; IS by cyclone at Bir
mingham. Ala., and 6 by a mine acci
dent in Fayette- Co., Ala.
In April 26 lost their lives by a mine ac
cident In the Transvaal; 6 by a hotel Are
at St. Mary's, W. Va.: 12 by cyclone In
the Canary islands; 25 by an explosion at
Grteshelm, Germany; 18 by a mine acci
dent at Hornu. Belgium; 20 by a snow
slide in Alaska; 1 by a railroad acci
dent In Pekin; 8 by Are at St. Jean,
France; B by a railroad accident at Cale
don. South Africa, and 15 by the fall of
a church in Albania.
In May 35 perished by fire at Amreeli,
India: 100 by a ferryboat disaster on the
Dnieper River; 7 by Are In Chicago; 6 by
an avalanche In Alaska; 130 by a boiler
explosion in China: 8 by an avalanche in
Switzerland; 7 by a mine accident in
Fairmont, \\ . Va.; 15 by an avalanche at
Avacenza, Italy: 28 by Are at Sohendorf.
Bohemia; 14 by floods in Tennessee; 30
by an explosion at Cape Town: 73 by a
mine accident at Langhewydd, Wales;
21 by a mine accident at Wolsenburg,
Prussia; 181 by volcarJc eruption in Jz.+nn
7 by a trolley oar accident in Albany,
N. Y.; 21 by a mine accident in Dayton,
Tenn.; 29 by drowning at Manana Island,
and 7 by drowning In Schuyikill River.
In June 70 lives were lost by fire on
the Tehuantepec Isthmus; 8 by a mine
accident at Iron Mountain. Mich.; 9 by
a railroad accident in Pretoria; 9 by dy
namite explosion at Binghamton. N. Y.j
7 by a cyclone in Oklahoma; 16 by a mine
accident at Jacob's Creek, Pa.; 12 by fire
at St. Petersburg; 15 by explosion in cart
ridge factory. Paris; 9 by a cyclone at
Naper. Neb.; 24 by explosion at Pater
son, N. J.; and 10 by flood in Klkhorn
Valley, W. Va.
In July 11 were killed by a lightning
stroke In Chicago; 4,000 by a flood at
Klang So, China; 300 by earthquake at
Lung King, China; 7 by drowning acci
dent !n Baden; 4 by a storm at Haiti;
9 by collapse of a bridge at Springfield,
Pa.; 6 by drowning at Savannah, (3a.;
700 by volcanic eruption in Java: 16 by
oil explosion at Stockholm: 26 by flood in
the Danube River; 40 by oil explosion at
Batoum, and 7 by tire at Louisville, Ky.
In August 17 perished by collapse of a
wharf at Tampico, Mexico; 8 by a gaso
line explosion in Philadelphia; 20,000 by
Mood iri China; 100 by Are at Witebsk,
Russia; 10 by fire at Cleveland, O.; 6 by
Moods in Louisiana; 7 by explosion at
steel works. Youngstown, O.; 5 by fire
in Philadelphia. Pa.; 6 by a dynamite
explosion in Herkimer, N. Y.: 6 by a hur
ricane at Villarego-Jilota, Spain, and 6
by lire in Brooklyn. N. Y.
In September 10 were killed by a mine
explosion at Caerphilly. Wales; 5 by a
holler explosion at Oakland. N. J.; 17 by
drowning off coast of Brittany; 6 by
mine accident at. Newcastle, Colo.; 23 by
drowning in the Kulpa River, Croatia;
11 by powder explosion at Ripault,
France; 32 by a railroad accident near
Bucharest; 7 by fire at Naples; 8 by gas
o^jbmion at Newark, N. J.; 13 by a.
clotw!burst in Presidio County, Tex.; 50
by a powder explosion in Cozena, Italy,
ami 10 ny a mine accident at Nanaimo,
B. C.
In October 74 were lost In a gale on
the Japan coast; 20 by a typhoon at
Manila; 80 by a tidal wave In the Sea
of Marmora, and 11 by flood in Sicily.
In November 170 perished by a storm
at Lake Baikal, Siberia; 9 by fire at
Hurley, WIs.; 7 by an explosion at
Athens, Greece; 9 by mine accident at
Pocahontas, W. Va.; 22 by earthquake at
Erzeromi: 29 by mine accident at Tel
luride, Colo.; 8 by a mine accident at
Blueflelds, W. Va.; 7 by a mine accident
at Wilkesbarre, Pa.; 30 by boiler explo
sion at Detroit, Mich.; 76 by railroad
disaster at Seneca. Mich., and 15 by
drowning In the Hawaiian Islands.
In December 25 were killed by a rail
road accident at ICabron, Russia; 20 lost
their lives by drowning in Japan; 140 by
drowning at Goa. India; 11 by gas explo
sion at Pittsburg, Pa.; 6 by boiler explo
sion at Pittsburg. Pa,; 38 i*y railroad ac
cident at Altenbrechen, Germany; 6 by
railroad accident at Melegnano. Ttaly; 45
by fire at Zacatecas, Mexico; 37 by rail
road accident at Liverpool, England;
by mine accident, Hartshorn, 1. T.t
6; by waterspout at Saffee. Morocco, 200.
The loss of life by railroad accidents
reported by mail and telegraph for 1901
was 3,669. as compared with 4.169 in 1900
und 3,696 In 1899. The number of serious
ly injured was 3,265, as compared with
3,870 in 1900 and 3,385 in 1899.
THE FINANCIAL REVIEW.
United Staten Has Sustained Position of
Leader of the World.
A review of the financial history of
die past year should make every Ameri
can's heart thrill with pride. For If In
1900 the United States fought its way to
a position as (he financial leader of the
world, the last year saw this country so
fortify Itself in the first place that its
pre-eminence in the financial matters of
the world Is assured for an indefinite per
iod to come.
Not only was the money center of the
world made permanent in Wall street
during the year, but tile invasion of the
markets of the world by this country
that had been gathering in strength for
ten years was likewise pushed during 1901
with such success that this country may
now fairly lay claim to the industrial
supremacy of the globe.
The extent of our invasion of foreign
markets during 1901 may be judged from
the llgures contained in the annual report
of the Secretary of the Treasury. Tho
foreign commerce in merchandise for the
fiscal year 1901 showed a decrease of
$26,709,019 In Imports and an Increase of
$92,281,909 in exports when compared with
the preceding year. Comparing the fig
ures of 1901 with those of 1891, there is a
decrease of $21,744,031 In Imports and an
Increase of $603,284,181 In exports. The Im
ports of the year 1901 were $823,172,165 and
the exports $1,487,764,991, making the ex
cess of exports over imports $664,592,826.
Both the total exports and the excess
of exports over Imports were greater in
1901 than in any preceding year in the
history of our commerce.
To say that the country has prospered
during 1901 is a weak statement of the
facts. The iloodtlde of prosperity has
rolled ahead for the past twelvemonth
with ever-increasing strength, and with
no indications that the ebb Is to come.
The government's finances have profited
much during the past year. Revenues
of the government from ail sources for
the last fiscal year were $699,316,530.92, and
the expenditures for the same period were
♦xxxxx.oxwMxro.or snowing a surplus of $77,
717,984.3S. Compared with the fiscal year
1900. the receipts for 1901 Increased ‘$29,
721,099.74. There was an increase of $22!
253,501.44 in expenditures.
The private moneyed interests, as
gauged by the condition of the New York
associated banks, have an equally happy
story to tell. During the year the New
York banks gained in deposits $5ti,6S0,600
and ill loans $61,507,000.
LARGE SUMS GIVEN AWAY.
Liberal Donations Made to Charitable
ami Educational Institutions.
The year 1899 was a record-breaker In
donations and bequests made education
al institutions, libraries and art museums,
charities, churches and religious enter
prises, and to towns and cities for the
public benefit and entertainment, the
total reaching the colossal sum of $79 -
749,956, while the year 1900 was a close sec
ond, the total being $62,461,304. Both these
years must now give way to 1901, which
is the record-breaker of the centuries.
The total of its gifts reaches $123,888,732,
an amount which may properly be called
“colossal.” The world has never before
known such generosity as this in a sin
gle year. The century has opened well
for education, art culture, religion and
humanity.
Of the total amount stated above there
has been given to educational institu
tions the princely sum of $6S,850.961 to
charities. $22,217,470; to churches, $6,298,
489; to museums and art galleries. $11,
133,112; and to libraries, $15,388,732.
Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller.
J. P. Morgan, Jane L. Stanford anii
others contributed sums running up Into
the millions. The greatest single contri
bution was that of Mrs. Stanford, who
gave the Stanford university property to
the value of $30,000,000. Mr. Carnegie
founded scores of libraries throughout the
United States, gave $10,000,000 to the
Scotch universities and offered the same
sum to the United States for the cause
of higher education. In the west Dr.
D. K. Pearsons of Chicago continued
'Tfis liberal giving to the smaller colleges.
The total contributions made for li
braries during the year outside of those
made by Mr. Carnegie amount to $2,374,
200. Including his, tlie total is the extra
ordinary sum of $15,2*7,700.
THE DISTINGUISHED DEAD.
I.Iflt of Those for Whom the World
Mourns Is Long.
United States.
Following is the year* necrology:
Aldrich, Louis, actor. June 17.
Armour, Philip D., packer, capitalist and
philanthrophisl, Jan. 6.
Archer, Frederick, organist, Oct. 22.
Babcock. Maltbie D., clergyman, Jan. 25.
Batchelden. Gen. Richard N.. Jan. 4.
Belknap. Hugh R.. paymaster, Nov. 12.
Blckerdyke, Mrs. Mary A., civil war
nurse, Nov. 8.
Blair, Jacob B., Jurist. Feb. 12.
Boutelle, Charles A., congressman, May
21.
Bradbury. James W., ex-scnator, Jan. 6.
Brewer, Mark S., member of the United
States civil service commission, March
18.
Brodie, Steve, bridge-jumper, Jan. 31.
Brosius, Marriott, congressman. March 13.
Bunee, Francis M., rear-admiral, Oct. 19.
Buttertield, Gen. D., soldier, July 17.
Cammack, A. C.. broker, Feb. 5.
Cannon. George Q., mormon church lead
er, April 12.
Cheney. P. C., ex-minister to Switzer
land, June 19.
Cook, Joseph, Boston clergyman and lec
turer, June 25.
Cramp, Henry W., shipbuilder, Oct. 2.
Croly, Mrs. Jennie C. (“Jennie June"),
author, Dec. 23.
Cumberland, George \V.. actor, June 6.
Cushing, Samuel T., brigadier-general,
retired, July 21.
Daly, Dr. William H.. surgeon, June 9.
Deacon, Edward Parker, Boston million
aire, July 5.
Delmonioo, Charles C., restaurant pro
prietor, Sept. 20.
Donnelly, Ignatius, author. Jan. 2.
Donahue, Patrick, editor, March 18.
Edwards. Dr. Arthur, editor. March 20.
Elkins, Henry King, lumberman, July 20.
Ellicott, Henry J., sculptor, Feb. 11.
Evans, R. G.. attorney, Aug. 25.
Evarts, William M.. lawyer, Feb. 28.
Fishback, William P.. lawyer, Jan. 15.
risk, Franklin Vv., rounder of the Chi
cago Theological seminary. July. 4.
Fiske, John, eminent historian, July 4.
Gage. Mrs. Lyman J.. May 17.
Goode, John, botanist. Nov. 17.
Gray, Elisha, telephone inventor, Jan. 21.
Darkness, W. H., scientist, July 10.
Harrison, Benjamin, ex-president of the
United States, March 13.
Haverly, “Jack,” manager of minstrel
companies, Sept. 28.
Hay, Adelbert S., son of Secretary Hay,
June 23.
Howgate, Henry W., captain in army
charged with heavy embezzlement,
June 1.
Hunt, George, ex-attorney-general of Il
linois. March 17.
Trwin, John, rear admiral, retired, July 28.
Kimball. Edward, “church-debt raiser,”
June 5.
Kyle. James H., United States senator,
July 1.
Ladue, Joseph, founder of Dawson City,
June 26.
Leary, Richard P., captain U. S. navy,
Dec. 27.
Tie Conte, Joseph, scientist, July 6.
Littlejohn, Abram L., bishop. Aug. 3.
Lorlllard, Pierre, capitalist, July 7.
Ludlow. Brig-Gen. William, Aug. 30.
McClurg, Alexander C., bookseller and
publisher, April 15.
Meehan, Thomas, horticulturist, Nov. 19.
Michler, Lieut.-Col. Francis, May 29.
Moore, John, bishop, July 30.
Moran, Edward, artist, June 9.
Mount, James A., ex-governor of Indi
ana, Jan. 16.
McKinley. William. president of the
United States, Sept. 14.
Negley, Maj.-Gen. James S., Aug. 7.
Nicholson, William R.. bishop, June 7.
Nieolay, John G., private secretary to
Abraham Lincoln, Sept. 26.
Ninde. William X., bishop, Jan. 2.
Nordhoff, Charles, author, July 14.
Peavey, Frank H., elevator owner, Dec.
30.
Phelps, Thomas F., rear admiral, retired,
Jan. 10.
Phillips, Jesse J., Illinois Supreme court,
Judge, Feb. 15.
Pierce, Gilbert A., ex-United States sen
ator, Feb. 15.
Pillsbury, John S., ex-governor of Min
nesota, Oct. 18.
Pingree, Hazen S., ex-governor of Mich
igan, June 18.
Porter, Fitz Jon, general. May 21.
Raab, Henry, ex-superintendent of pub
lic instruction of Ilinois, March 13.
Rearick, Petor A., rear admiral, retired,
Feb. 9.
Rogers, Jacob, locomotive manufacturer,
July 2.
Ruggles, Gen. J. M., veteran, Feb. 9.
Salford, Truman H., astronomer, June
13.
Salisbury, Edward E., orientalist, Feb. 6.
Samford, William J., governor of Ala
bama, June 11.
Shaw, Col. Albert D., ex-commander of
the Grand Army of the Republic, Feb.
10.
Sewell. William J., United States senator,
Dec. 27.
Silllman. Benjamin D., lawyer, New
York, Jan. 14.
Snow, Lorenzo, head of the mormon
church, Oct. 10.
Starr, Eliza Allen, writer, Sept. 7.
Stokes, Edward S., slayer of James Fisk,
Nov. 2.
Studebaker. Clem, manufacturer, Nov. 27.
Tanner, John R., ex-governor of Klinois,
May 23.
Thompson, Maurice, aulhor, Feb. 15.
Trenholm, William L.. ex-comptroller of
the currency, Jan. 11.
Turchin, John B., general in thfr civil
war. .Inna 19.
Uhl, Edwin F.. ex-assistant secretary of
state, May 17.
Waite, Davis H., ex-governor of Colo
rado, Nov. 27.
Walker, Aldace F., railway man. April
12.
Whipple, Henry B., bishop, S«pt. 16.
White, Stephen M., ex-United States sen
ator, Feb. 12.
Wigger, W. M., bishop. Jan. 6.
Wildman. Rounseville, ex-consul to Hong
kong, Feb. 22.
Wilson, Jere, lawyer. Sept. 24.
Woods, William A., United States Cir
cuit court judge, June 29.
Yeatman, James E., philanthropist,
July 7.
Foreign.
Abdurrahman, ameer, Oct. 1.
Allan, Andrew, steamship owiilr, June
27.
Audran, Edmond, composer, Aug. 19.
Besant, Sir Walter, author. June 9.
Broglie, Due de, statesman, Jan. 19.
Buchanan, Robert W., poet, June 9.
Conquest. George, playwright, May 14.
Crispi, Francesco, statesman. Aug. 11.
H’Oyly, Carte, producer of light operas,
April 3.
Errazurlz, Federigo, president of Chile,
July 11.
Ex-Empress Frederick. Aug. 5.
Gourko, field marshal. Jan. 29.
Greenaway, Kate, artist, Nov. 6.
Halil Rifat Pasha, grand vizer of Tur
key. Nov. 9.
Henderson, John, shipbuilder, July 22.
Hohenlohe, Prince von, German states
man, July 5.
Hoshi Toru, Japanese statesman. June
21.
Kruger. Mrs. Paul, July 21.
Li Hung Chang, Chinese statesman,
Nov. 7.
Milan I., ex-king of Servla, Feb. 11.
Murat, Prince Joachim Napoleon. Oct. 21.
Nordenskjold, Baron Adolf Erik, explor
er, Aug. 9.
Orleans, Prince Henry of, explorer,
Aug. 9.
Ormerod. Miss Eleanor A., scientist,
July 19.
Pretorius. Martinus Wessel. first presi
dent of the Transvaal republic. May
19.
Rothschild, Baron Wilhelm von, head of
the great banking house, Jan. 2f>.
Rummel, Franz, pianist, in Germany.
Stainer, William, bishop of Oxford, April
22.
Tanner. Dr. Charles K. D., Irish states
man, Sept. 7.
Verdi, Guiseppe, composer, Jan. 27.
Victoria, Queen* Jan. 27.
Yonge, Charlotte M., author, March 24.
LYNCHINGS IN 1901.
Executions Due to Popular Excitement
Show an Increase.
The lynchings reported in 1900 showed
an increase of eight over those of 1899.
A still further Increase must be noted this
year— an increase in brutality as well
as in number—the record standing 107
in 1899, 115 in 1900 and 135 in 1901. The fol
lowing table. showing the number of
lynchings in the last seventeen years
may be of value to those engaged in the
study of this branch of criminology: 1885,
184: 1886, 138; 1887, 122; 1888, 142; 1889, 176;
1890, 127: 1891, 192: 1892, 235; 1893, 200; 1894,
190: 1895, 171; 1896. 31; 1897, 166; 1898, 127;
1899, 107; 1900, 115; i90‘, :35.
The lynchings In the various states
and territories were as follows: Ala
bama. 15; Arkansas, 5; California, 6; Col
orado. 0; Connecticut. 0; Delaware, 0;
Florida, 7; Georgia, 14; Idaho, 1; Illinois,
0: Indiana. 1; Iowa, 0; Kansas, 2; Ken
tucky, 7; Louisiana. 15; Maine, 0; Mary
land, 0; Massachusetts, 0: Michigan, 0;
Minnesota. 0; Mississippi, 16; Missouri, 6;
Montana, 4; Nebraska, 0; New Jersey, 0;
New Hampshire. 0; New York, 0; Nevada.
0; North Carolina, 1; North Dakota, 0;
Ohio. 0; Oregon, 0; Pennsylvania, 0;
Rhode Island, 0; South Carolina, 5; South
Dakota. 0; Tennessee, 12; Texas, 11; Ver
mont, 0; Virginia. 2: West Virginia, 2;
Wisconsin, 0; Washington. 0; Wyoming,
0; Arizona, 1; District of Columbia, 0;
New Mexico, 0; Utah, 0; Indian Territory,
1; Oklahoma, 2; Alaska. 0.
Of these lynchings 121 occurred In the
South and 14 in the North. Of the total
number 107 were negroes, 26 whites, 1 In
dian and 1 Chinaman. The alleged crimes
• « iin ii iucj otic vvcic ua
follows: Murder, 39; criminal assault, 19;
theft. 12; murderous assault, 9; attempted
criminal assault, 8; cattle and horse
stealing, 7; complicity in murder, 6; quar
rel over profit sharing, 5; arson, 4; sus
pected murder, 3; suspected criminal as
sault, 1; murder and criminal assault, 1:
train wrecking, 1; alleged theft, 1; keep
ing a gambling house, 1; suspected of
killing cattle. 1; resisting arrest, 1; in
sulting a white woman, 1; burglary, 1;
forcing a white boy to commit crime, 1.
Besides these, 9 were lynched because of
race prejudice, 3 for unknown reasons,
and there was 1 case of mistaken iden
tity.
FIRE LOSSES WERE GREAT.
Year Has Been Very Hard on the In
surance Companies.
The year has been especially hard on
the fire insurance companies, because it
has come immediately after another year
of disaster. Losess were heavy in 1900,
many companies were forced to quit the
business, and those that held on did so in
the belief that the worst had been passed
and that better conditions were inevita
ble. Instead of that the losses for the
year in the United States are $20,000,000
greater than in 1900.
The result has been a number of rein
surances, retirements and amalgamations
of companies unprecedented since the
year of the Chicago fire, when so many
companies w'ere ruined. Fourteen stock
companies and eight mutuals have re
tired absolutely from the field, beside a
great number of small mutual and as
sessment companies. Scores of other
companies have retired from the West,
the South or both, or have materially re
stricted their writings in the sections of
the country where they had suffered
most.
As a result business men needing large
amounts of insurance have been unable
to get it, and a horde of wildcat com
panies and irresponsible Uloyds have been
started, to prey upon the necessities of
the people.
The losses for the entire year are put
at $152,084,414, as against $130,028,000 in 1900,
and $119,696,000 in 1899.
Life insurance has closed the most pros
perous year In its history. The people
have been prosperous and have been in
vesting their money liberally in endow
ment policies and ordinary life policies
for the benefit of their families. It is be
lieved that the total of new business
written during the year by the legal re
serve companies will be $1,500,000,000, and
that their insurance in force will amount
to $7,500,000,000. One company alone has
written over $300,000,000.
BUSINESS OF RAILROADS.
Traffic Receipt h Enormous, ami Many
Miles of New Track Laid.
Keeping pace with the general prosper
ity of the country, railway building in
the United States during the year 1901
has exceeded that of any previous year
since 1890, when 5,670 miles of new lines
were completed, and the record for that
year might have been surpassed had the
steel mills been able to furnish the nec
essary cars.
The records of the Railway Age for
1901 show' that with the returns thus far
received not less than 5,057 miles of track
have been laid on 332 lines in 43 states
and territories.
With the exception of Pennsylvania
there has been little building in the East
ern and New England states, but there
has been much important w'ork in all
other sections of the country, the great
est activity being shown in the southwest.
The construction west of the Mississippi
River has amounted to 3,187 miles, and
the states east of the Mississippi and
south of the Ohio have added 891 miles,
making a total of 4,078 miles built in the
states south of the Ohio and west of the
Mississippi.
Official reports to the Interstate com
merce commission for the fiscal year end
ed June 30, 1901, show gross earnings of
all the steam railroads In the United
States were $1,578,164,202. or an average
of $8,211 per mile. The previous year the
gross earnings were $1,487,044,814. The net
earnings the past fiscal year were $553,
007.924, or $35,577,213 more than in the
previous fiscal year. The amount of divi
dends to stockholders last year W’as $121.
108,637, which is $13,000,000 more than the
divident payments the previous year.
BUSINESS CONSOLIDATION
Increasing Tendency Shown to Form
Combinations of Capital.
The feature of the industrial situation
of the year was the continuation of the
tendency to form great combinations of
capital or trusts. In the first eight
months the aggregate capital of the new
corporations organized was $2,167,355,000.
as against $1,665,650,000 for the same pe
riod in 1900. The most gigantic of the
combinations effected was that known as
the United States Steel corporation, hav
ing a capital of $1,100,000,000. Its chief
organizer was J. Pierpont Morgan. The
companies entering the trust were tile
Carnegie. Federal, American Steel and
Wire. National Tflbe, American Bridge,
National, American Sheet Steel. Ameri
can Tinplate, American Steel Hoop, Lake
Superior Consolidated iron mines and the
Shelby Steel Tube. Some of the other
combinations brought about were the Al
lis-Chalmers, Amalgamated Copper, Am
erican Can, American Locomotive, Amer
ican Plow, Consolidated Tobacco, North
American Trust. United Box. Board and
Paper, United States Shlpbulding and the
Northern Securities companies.
CHIEF SPORTING EVENTS.
Americans Uniformly Successful Over
Their Foreign Opponents.
Sporting events of importance included
the races for the America’s cup, resulting
in another victory for the American
yacht the Columbia over Sir Thomas Lip
ton's Shamrock II., Sept. 28 and Oct. 3
and 4; the defeat of an English team of
trapshooters by Americans at Hendon,
England, in June; the winning of the
world’s sculling championship by George
Towns of Australia at Rat Portage, Ont.,
Sept. 7, and the decision of the interna
tional committee at Paris, May 21, that
the next Olympian games are to take
place in Chicago in 1904. Pittsburg won
the championship in the National Base
ball league and Chicago was first in the
American league. In the east Harvard
was the undisputed football champion,
while in the west the honors were divid
ed between Wisconsin and Michigan. In
horse racing the feature of the season
was the trotting of a mile in 2:02^4 by
Crcsceus at Columbus, O., Aug. 2.
Wars of the World.
The war which has most conspicuously
engaged public attention during the year
has been the Boer war. It has now as
sumed the form of guerilla warfare, and
the new year opens with serious losses
inflicted upon British arms. In addition
to the South African struggle there has
been the customary number of revolu
tions in Central America, and a more or
less sanguinary conflict between Venezue
la and Colombia. The pending trouble
between Argentina and Chile may be set
tled by arbitration. The Chinese has
been closed by treaty. In the Philippines
desultory warfare with strolling bands of
natives continues. The list of casualties,
including killed and wounded, for the
year is as follows: Abyssinia, 7,000; South
Africa, 5,377; Arabia, 5,144; Venezuela, 2,
583; Colombia, 2,588; China, 1,604; Africa.
1,261; Philippines, 968; Mexico, 421; Corea,
315; Sumatra, 283; Java, 66; Albania, 54;
Bulgaria, 44; Macedonia, 24. The total
losses for the year are 27,681, as com
pared with 133,878 in 1900.
Strikes Only Slightly Disturbing.
Strikes were a somewhat disturbing
factor in the Industrial world. May 20 £he
machinists in some of the largest plants
In the country struck for a nine-hour day
without reduction in wages. About 20,
000 men went out. In several cases they
were successful, but In others their places
were tilled with other men. On the 16th
of July a strike of Iron, steel and tin
workers was ordered In some of the mills
of the United States Steel corporation to
compel the adoption of the union scale.
Seventy-live thousand men were effected.
Growing out of the strike was that or
dered by President Shaffer of the Amal
gamated Association of Iron and Steel
Workers, in August. This ended in Sep
tember in failure. Strikes involving riots
and loss of life occurred in Albany, N.
Y.; in the Teiluride mines, in Colorado;
among the teamsters in San Francisco
and the miners in Kentucky.
Embezzlements of 1901.
The record of embezzling, forgery, de
faulting, and bank wreckage for 1901
shows a small decrease as compared with
that of 1900.The total Is $4,086,569, as com
pared with $4,660,134 in 1900. The state
ment of dishonesty by months is as fol
lows: January, $345,186; February, $75,500;
March, $413,136; April, $507,185; May, $368,
074; June, $89,000; July, $179,306; August,
$197,892; September. $121,400; October, $698,
232; November, $458,758; December, $550,
300,
The losses are distributed as follows:
Stolen by public officials, $696,945; from
banks, $1,513,496; by agents, $227,700; for
geries, $354,000; from loan associations,
$266,315; by postmasters, $18,136; miscel
laneous stealings, $1,008,977.
I.oss of L1M by Epidemics.
The loss of life by epidemic diseases
has fallen off considerably as compared
with 1900. The ravages of the plague have
increased, the number of victims In 1901
being a little over 38,000, as compared
with 20,000 in 1900, Cholera, however, has
greatly decreased in fatality, Us victims
in 1901 being about 5,000, as compared
with about 60,000 In 1900. The total of
deaths in 1900 owing to the Indian famine
reached the large sum of about 579,600.
It Is difficult to make any accurate list
of statistics of this kind, but, roughly
estimated, the cholera and plague last
year claimed about 43,000 victims. No re
turns have been made of the fatalities by
famine in India and Russia.
I.egal Executions In 1901.
The number of legal executions in 1901
was 118, as compared with 119 In 1900, 131
In 1899, 109 In 1898, 127 In 1897, 122 In 1896,
132 in 1896, 132 in 1894, 126 in 1893, and 107
In 1892.
There were 82 hanged In the South and
36 In the North, of whom 71 were negroes
and 47 whites. The crimes for which they
were executed were: Murder, 107; crim
inal assault, 9; attempted criminal as
sault, 1; and train robbery, 1.
Suicide on the Increase*
Suicide continues to increase in the
United States. The total number report
ed for the year 1901 is 7,245, as compared
with 6,756 in 1900 and 5,340 in 1899. Of this
total 5,850 were males and 1,395 females,
which curiously shows the same propor
tion of nearly five males to one female
for several years past. Physicians, as
usual, head the list among professional
men, the record standing: Physicians, 33;
attorneys, 10; clergymen, 10; bankers, 6;
journalists, 6; college professors, 1.
In the Stock Market.
In May a stock panic took place in New
York as a result of the efforts of oppos
ing interests to get control of the North
ern Pacific railroad. The stock was cor
nered and forced up to the unheard-of
price of $1,000 a share. While many lost
heavily because of the slump In the val
ues of other securities, there were no
serious failures and the effect outside of
speculative circles was exceedingly slight.
Pan-American Exposition.
The Pan-American Exposition opened
at Buffalo May 1 and closed Nov. 2. It
was a financial failure, due in part to the
assassination of the President, but in
other respects it was a success. The to
tal attendance was 8,295,073. Stockholders
were about $3,000,000 out of pocket. At
Charleston, S. C., the South Carolina In
terstate and West Indian Exposition be
gan Dec. 2, to run throughout the winter.
Most Notable Invention.
In the way of inventions the most not
able achievement of the year was the
successful attempt of Marconi to signal
across the Atlantic ocean by means of
wireless telegraphy. The test was made
Dec. 12 between a point on the Cornwall
coast and St. John’s, N. F., and the letter
“S” was repeatedly sent and received.
Chicago Stock Yard Receipts.
Nineteen hundred and one in the live
stock trade has been one of the greatest
years in Chicago's history. The combined
receipts of all kinds of live stock during
the year reached 16,257.000 head, valued at
$291,800,000. both being the largest on rec
ord, with the valuation over $22,000,000
greater than ever before.