CZOLGOSZ, IS GX/ILTV.
Jury at buffalo Convicts Him
of Murder in First
Degree.
Leon F. Czolgosz, the anarchist as
sassin of President McKinley, Tues
day was found guilty of murder in
the first degree after one of the most
rapid yet dignified trials in the history
of jurisprudence. Despite the eminence
of the prisoner's counsel it was appar
ent Tuesday when the alienists decided
that Czolgosz was sane that no de
fense was possible, and consequently
that any delay in the trial would be
vain. In a period of eight hours and
twenty-six minutes the assassin of
President McKinley had been found
guilty and Judge Truman C. White
had announced that he would pass sen
tence on Thursday afternoon. Remark
able as the trial had been throughout,
for its dignity equally with its ab
sence of delay, not the least engrossing
feature of the day was the address to
ithe jury made by Loren L. Lewis,
counsel for the prisoner. The vener
able Jurist explained the necessity of
e defense for the prisoner even though
LEON CZOLGOSZ.
his guilt could Bearce be questioned,
and made his address tne occasion for
a criticism of lynch law, which, in all
probability, will go down in the an
nals of history as the most masterly
vindication of the jury system and con
demnation o£ mob violence ever ut
tered.
Prisoner Knows Chicago Anarchists.
Superintendent of Police Hull was
asked:
"Were you present at headquarters
when the prisoner was brought there
on the night of the murder?"
"Yes.”
“Were any threats made against
him ”
"No.”
"Toll us what Czolgosz said.”
“He said he knew President McKin
ley. He knew that he was shooting
President McKinley when he fired. The
reason he gave was that he believed
that he was doing his duty. He said
that on the day President McKinley
spoke at the exposition grounds, the
day previous to the assassination, he
stood near the stand on the esplanade.
No favorable opportunity prosenied it
self.
"He followed the president to Niag
ara Falls and back to Buffalo again.
He got in line while the reception was
in progress, and when he reached the
president fired the fatal shots. Czol
gosz told me In detail the plans he
alone had worked out so that there
would be no slip in his arrangements.
I asked him why he killed the presi
dent, and he replied that he did so be
cause it was his duty."
"Did he say he was an anarchist?”
"Yes.”
“Did he say any more on the sub
ject?” asked the district attorney.
“Yes. He said that he had made a
study of the beliefs of anarchists and
he was a firm believer in their prin
ciples. The prisoner also stated that
he had received much information on
the subject in the city of Cleveland.
He said that he knew a man in Chi
cago named Isaak. The Free Society
was the name of the organ mentioned
by the prisoner."
Said Kulm Should Die.
“Did he ever say anything about his
motives in committing the murder?”
asked the district attorney.
"Yes,” was the reply. "He said that
he went to the exposition grounds for
the express purpose of murdering Pres
ident McKinley. He knew he was aim
ing at President McKinley when the
fatal shots were fired. Czolgosz said
tnat all kings, emperors and presidents
should die.”
Superintendent Bull was cross-exam
ined by Lawyer Titus and said the
defendant had on his person some
memoranda and $1.51 in money. There
was also a piece of paper, orange-col
ored, with an address upon it, a mem
orandum book and a letter of identifi
cation card from the Order of The
Golden Eagle.
"Did you ask him if he was an an
archist?" Judge Titus asked.
"Yes.”
"And he said he was?”
“Yes.”
At the conclusion of Superintendent
Bull's testimony. District Attorney
Penny announced that the case tor the
prosecution was closed.
LewlH Dives lip Defense.
Then Mr. Lewis arose slowly and.
addressing the court, said:
“We are embarrassed by the sudden
closing of the case of the prosecution.
We had not expected them to close so
abruptly. We have no witnesses to call
for the defense, but I ask the court
that my colleague and myself be al
lowed to address the Jury.”
Permission was granted by the court
and Judge Titus began his address at
2:45.
“Gentlemen of the jury,” he began,
"a calamity has fallen upon this na
tion through the act of this man, but
the question is whether his act was
the act of an insane man. If an in
sane man it is not) murder and he
should be acquitted of that charge. He
would then, of course, be transferred to
an asylum.
"Much discussion has occurred in
our midst and has been called to my
attention as to the propriety of any
defense being interposed in this case.
Many letters have been received by me
since l was assigned with my associate
to defend this man, questioning the
propriety of a defense being attempt
ed. You, gentlemen, know, perhaps,
how Judge Titus and myself came in
to this case. The position was not
sought by us, but we appear here in
performance of a duty which we
thought devolved upon us, notwith
standing 'it was an exceedingly dis
agreeable one.
“Gentlemen, when they become
members of the legal profession be
come members of the court. They are
compelled,if assigned,to defend a crim
inal, or rather the one who is charged
with a crime. They are compelled to
respond and accept the duty unless
they can present some reasonable ex
cuse, and If they refuss to perform
that duty they are guilty of a mis
demeanor and are liable to punishment
by the court.
"There are in our country individu
als, not, I hope, in very large numbers,
but we know they are scattered all
over the country, who think in a case
like this or even in charges of much
less degree that it is entirely proper
that the case should be disposed of by
lynch or mob law. We can hardly
take up a paper without we learn that
in some part of this free and Inde
pendent country some man has been
murdered on the suspicion Or belief
that he was guilty of some crime. This
state of things does not exist in our
community, but it does in some parts
of our state, as every intelligent man
knows.
“Gentlemen of the Jury, while I be
lieve firmly in that, I do not believe
it creates a danger to this court equal
to the belief, becoming so common,
that men who are charged wltn crime
shall not be permitted to go through
the form of a trial in a court of Jus
tice, but that lynch law shall take the
place of the calm and dignified ad
ministration of the law in our courts
of justice. When thet doctrine be
comes sufficiently prevalent in this
JUDGE WHITE.
country, if it ever does, our institu-,
tions will be set aside and overthrown.
Trial an Object Leason.
“This trial here is a great object les
son to the world. Here is a case where
a man has stricken down the beloved
President of this country in broad day
light. in the presence of thousands of
spectators. If there was ever a case
that would excite the anger, the wrath
of those who saw It. this was one, and
yet, under the advice of the President,
‘Let no man hurt him,’ he was taken,
confined in our prison, indicted, put
upon trial here, and the case is soon
to be submitted to you, as to whether
he is guilty of the crime charged
against him. That, gentlemen, speaks
volumes in favor of the orderly con
duct of the people of the city of Buf
falo.
"Here was a man occupying an ex
alted position, a man of irreproacha
ble character; he was a man who had
come here to assist us in promoting
the prosperity of our great exposition.
And he was shot down while holding
a reception.
“His death has touched every heart
in this community and in the whole
world, and yet we sit here and quietly
consider whether the man was re
sponsible for the act he committed.
That question is one you are called to
decide.”
Judge Lewis was crying when he
finished and the eyes of many of those
in the courtroom were filled with tears.
Judge Titus then arose and said that
Judge Lewis had so completely covered
the ground that it seemed entirely un
necessary for him to reiterate it and
he would therefore rest.
District Attorney Sums Up.
At 3:10 District Attorney Penney be
gan summing up. He spoke in a clear,
well-modulated voice and every word
could be heard in any part of the
room.
He said in part:
“It is hardly possible for any man
to stand up and talk about this case
without the deepest emotion. It was
the most awful tragedy that ever came
upon the world. We have shown you
#how this defendant stood in the temple
of music that afternoon and shot down
our beloved President. We have shown
you how he deliberated on and planned
this awful crime. We have shown you
how he attended anarchistic and so
cialistic meetings, at which were sown
in his heart the seeds of his terrible
act.
“This is no time for oratorical dis
play. Counsel for I he prisoner and
myself have endeavored to eliminate
all sensationalism from this case. It
is not my intention to indulge in ex
tended remarks. You understand the
responsibility resting upon you.
National Heart Is Hrokcn.
“It is a great lesson that so great
a man can stoop so low; that he was
so great he could forgive his own as
sassin. He was the noblest man, I
believe, that God ever created. A man
/
(One of Counsel for Defense.)
who stood near him in the temple of
music said to me: ‘I have traveled in
all parts of the world and have seen
people assembled to greet their rulers,
but when I saw people stand in the
railroad stations and along the coun
try through which the funeral train
passed that they might get a look at
the casket of this great man, I was
convinced as never before that there is
such a thing as a national heart.’
“That national heart was broken and
it will take God’s way and time to
heal it.
“It was broken by a class of people
who are coming to our country in in
creased numbers, and while harbored
by our laws they are propagating their
malicious views; a class of peoiile that
must be taught that we have no place
for them on our shores, a class of peo
ple that must be taught that they can
not take the life of anyone irrespective
of consequences.”
Judge White's Charge.
Justice White began his charge to
the jury at 3:29 o’clock. He arose
from his seat and stepped to the side
of the bench nearest the Jury box. He
said:
“Gentlemen of the jury:—In this
case the defendant has acknowledged
his guilt. Such an acknowledgment
under such circumstances cannot go
to the jury or the court. The law re
quires that the defendant charged with
such a crime must be tried. The. law
says that all the facts must be ob
served and reviewed by you. The law
guarantees that the defendant shall
have a fair trial by twelve men, im
partial and fair, capable of taking the
testimony of the trial and giving It
thorough consideration.
“If when all the circumstances of
the case are considered by you there
still exists in ycur minds a reasonable
doubt that the defendant is guilty you
cannot find this man guilty. The peo
ple have submitted evidence tending to
show that this defendant committed
this crime; they have given evidence
tending to show that there was design
and premeditation, and, if in accord
ance with that premeditation and de
sign these shots were fired, then the
defendant is guilty of the crime of
murder in the first degree.
“You must consider all this evidence
that the people have submitted to you.
You must consider it fairly and with
out prejudice. You are the sole judges
of facte in this case.”
When the trial was ended and the
verdict rendered, Judge Titus, at the
request of District Attorney Penney,
admitted that the defense had no sug
gestion to make a3 to the time when
the final judgment should be pro
nounced. Justice W’hlte then said that
as it was the custom to give the guilty
murderer two days between the find
ing of the verdict and the sentence, he
would adjourn court till 2 o’clock
Thursday, when judgment will be pro
nounced.
The prisoner was then handcuffed to
his guards and led back through the
tunnel to jail.
Length of trial—Eight hours and
twenty-five minutes.
Number of witnesses—For the prose
cution, seventeen; for the defense,
none.
Actual time of taking testimony—
Four and one-quarter hours.
Time of the state in arguing for con
viction—Fourteen minutes.
Time occupied by the judge in
charging jury—Twelve minutes.
""ime occupied by the jury in deliber
ation—Thirty-four minutes.
Emma Goldman Out.
Anarchy took its high priestess from
the prison to the hearthstone Tuesday
morning at Chicago. With smiles and
kind words for all Emma Goldmhn be
came a free woman shortly after nine
o’clock. Prosecutor John Owens said
there had been an agreement with the
attorneys for the defense that both
sides would abide in the Goldman case
by the decision in the cases of the
men who were released yesterday. He
therefore would state that he would
interpose no objection to her release.
’’Dismissed for want erf prosecution.”
said Justice Prlndiville. Then the
woman with the stern blue eyes was
taken through the crowd, and a few
moments later escorted to a cab, which
was driven to the home of the Isaaks.
FORAPACIFIC"CABLE.
Company to Lay a Lin© From California
to Philippines.
Articles of incorporation were filed
at Albany having in view the laying
of a cable from the Paciric coast to Ha
waii and the Philippine islands. The
company w.:l be affiliated with the
Commercial Cable company, and all its
incorporators are officials of that cor
poration. The length of the cable will
be about 8,500 miles. The part first laid
will be from California to the Ha
waiian islands, a distance of about 2,
200 miles. It is expected tnat this por
tion will be laid and in operation with
in nine months. The time required for
the laying of the remainder of the
cable from me Hawaiian islands to the
Philippine islands will depend upon
how quickly the cable can be manu
factured, but may be completed in two
years. According to the articles of in
corporat.on the company’s lines are tos
begin in New York city, au-hough from
that point to ihe Pacific coast the line
of other companies may be used. The
capital stock of the company is to be
$100,000, divided into shares of $100
cccn. The term of existence of the
company is fixed at l.OOu years.
Poisoned l>y Mosquito Bite.
Mrs. Thomas Eaves, living at
Fourth and Walnut streets, Gloucester,
N. Y., was bitten on a Anger of her
right hand several weeks ago by a mo
squito. Her hand became swollen and
she visited the Cooper Hospital, Cam
den, where physicians found it neces
sary to amputate the Anger. It is sup
posed that the mosquito which bit her
had been on some poisonous weed.
T H ESULT ANS PALACE.
It is Proof Against Assassins, Bombs
find Fires.
According to a writer in the World's
Work, the sultan's Yildiz palace at
Constantinople is a monument to fear.
It is assassin-proof, bomb-proof, earth
quake-proof, Are-proof, microbe-proof.
Architects and engineers are building
and reouilding incessantly. Some new
secret retreat is always under way.
The entire domain is surrounded by
an immense wall, thirty feet high, and
the choicest troops of the empire stand
guard around it. An inner wall,
twelve feet thick, with gates of iron,
incloses the private residence itself.
The walls of the sultan's dwellings are
Ailed with armor plate, to resist pro
jectiles. It is said that a'mysterious
passage connects with ten secret bed
chambers, forming an intricate laby
rinth. No one but his body attendant
knows where the sultan may sleep dur
ing any particular night. He has elec
tric lights and telephones in his own
apartments, but forbids them in Con
stantinople. Telephones might prove
handy for conspirators and he be
lieves that a dynamite cartridge could
be sent over a wire into the palace.
He fears electric explosions, so Con
stantinople gets along with gas light.
He hates the word dynamo, because it
sounds like dynamite. Balloons arb
tabooed, lest one should pause over
him long enough to drop a chunk of
explosive.
As to the real luxury of the Yildiz
that is a matter of course. The do
main is a small world in itself. Five
thousand people live within the outer
wall, not counting a small army of
workmen and the 7,000 imperial
guardsmen. There are shops, factor
ies. arsenals, stables, a library, mu
seum, picture gallery, theater and even
a menagerie. The monarch loves trees
but he keeps their branches well lopped
off. so that he can see to the farthest
corner of his grounds.—Chicago News.
The Girl of Today.
Little does the girl of the present
day realize how much better off she is
than the girl in the early part of the
nineteenth century. Then she had to
submit to social restrictions too nu
merous to mention; she was treated
with scorn and contempt if she once
expressed any desire to work or do
anything for herself and attempts to
think out a subject for herself was
deemed almost a sign of ill-breeding
and lack of refinement. Her life was
spent in a narrow groove, and her
mind was not allowed to develop to
its full extent. Intercourse with the
other sex was carried on under the
rigid surveillance of an austere and
elderly chaperon. Nowadays a woman
has almost perfect freedom in what
ever she cares to do. Chaperons are
getting rarer and rarer, and social in
timacy with men is allowed without
one thinking it means aught beyond
a pleasant and natural friendship.—
New York Weekly.
In the bakeries of La Rochefoucauld
in France it is said that women en
ter the ovens when they are 301 de
grees.
The least guarded of the monarchs
of Europe is the old King of Denmark.
He is said to walk about the streets
, absolutely unattended.
M’KINLEY WILL IS READ
Widow Hears the Last Testament of Hei
Devoted Husband.
RECEIVES ALL IflS REAL ESTATE
Also Ad Income on Personal Property
Daring Her Life—Next Care is foi
Mother and Slater—Document Signed
In 1897.
CANTON, Sept. 28.—Secretary Cor
telyoru came here yesterday to assist
Mrs. McKinley in disposing of mat
ters connected with the late presi
dent's estate. He arrived at 10
in the morning and was at once
driven to the McKinley home. After
meeting Mrs. McKinley the question
of filing the will was taken up. The
trying task of reading it to her was
undertaken by the faithful secretary.
Mrs. McKinley made a heroic effort
to bear up and succeeded in doing
(sot although |.he brdeal was hard
for her.
Last night she rested well. All le
gal formalities necessary for her to
subscribe to were disposed of. At
3 o'clock this afternoon Judge Day
and Secretary Cortelyou went to the
office of the probate judge and off
ered the will of President McKinley
for probate. They carried with them
the following:
‘‘I, Ida S. McKinley, widow of Wil
liam McKinley, deceased, hereby de
cline the administration of his estate
and recommend the appointment of
William R. Day and George B. Cor
telyou as administrators, with the will
annexed.”
I he recommendation bears the date
of September 27, 1901. Following is
the text of President McKinley’s will:
TEXT OF 'i'HE WILL.
“EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASH
INGTON, D. C.—I publish the follow
ing as my latest will and testament,
hereby revoking all former wills:
“To my beloved wife, Ida S. McKin
ley, I bequeath all of my real estate,
wherever situated, and the income of
any personal property of which I may
be possessed at death during her nat
ural life.
“I make the following charge upon
all of my property, both real and
personal: To pay my mother during
her life one thousand ($1,000) dollars
a year, and at her death said sum to
be paid to my sister, Helen McKin
ley. If the income from the property
be insufficient to keep my wife in
great comfort and pay the annuity
above provided, then I direct that
such of my property be sold as to
make a sum adequate for both pur
poses. Whatever property remains
at the death of my wife I give to my
brothers and sisters, share and share
anke. My chief concern is that my
wife from my estate shall have all she
requires for her comfort and pleasure,
and that my mother shall be provid
ed with whatever money she requires
to make her old age comfortable and
happy.
“Witness my hand and seal, this
22d day of October, 1897, to my last
will and testament, made at the city
of Washington, District of Columbia.
“(Seal.) WILLIAM M'KINLEY.
“The foregoing will was witnessed
by us, this, the 22d day of October,
1897, at the request of the testator,
and his name signed thereto in our
presence and our signatures hereunto
in his presence.
“G. B. CORTELYOU.
“CHARLES LOEFFLER.”
It Is given out on authority that
the McKinley estate will total $225,
000 to $250,000, including life insur
ance of $67,000. Aside from the $67,
000 mentioned, the estate consists of
real estate here and in contiguous
towns and deposits in Washington
banks. Monday morning has been
fixed by the probate court for a hear
ing prior to probating the will. Then
it is expected Secretary Cortelyou
and Judge Day will be finally appoint
ed administrators of the estate, with
will annexed, and will give bond.
War Declared oo Colombia.
WILLEMSTADT (Via Haytien Ca
ble), Sept. 28.—It is again asserted in
well informed cables at Caracas that
President Castro will declare war on
Colombia at the end of the month.
The Venezuelan government is with
out financial resources and will short
ly use the method of South American
dictatorships and proceed to raise
funds by force. Lack of confidence
in the government is manifested ev
erywhere in Venezuela.
Autos for Mail Service.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 28.—The first
call for bids which directly contem
plate the use of motor vehicles in
the postal service, except for collec
tions, is made in an order of the post
office department today asking for
bids to be opened here October 12 for
furnishing five motor vehicles for ser
vice at Minneapolis, Minn. The ve
hicles are to be of not less than
1,000 pounds each. The service is to
be from Jan. 1, 1902, to June 30, 1903.
PASSING SENTENCE ON CZOLGOSZ
Words of Judge Titus In Passing Sen
tence Upon the Aseassln.
BUFFALO, Sept. 27.—Czolgosz, be
fore sentence was pronounced, was
permitted to speak as follows:
"There was no one else but me.
No one else told me to do it, and no
one paid me to do it.”
Judge Titus repeated it as follows,
owing to the prisoner's feeble voice:
"He says no one had anything to do
with the commission of his crime but
himself; that his father and brother
and no one else had anything to do
with it and knew nothing about it.”
The prisoner continued: “I was not
told anything about the crime and
I never thought anything about mur
der until a couple of days before I
committed the crime.”
Judge Titus again repeated as fol:
lows :"He never told any one about
the crime and never intended to oom
mit it until a couple of days before
its commission.”
Then Justice White passed sen
tence as follows:
“In taking the life of our beloved
president you committed a crime
which has shocked and outraged the
moral sense of the civilized world.
You have confessed that guilt and af
ter learning all that at this time can
be learned from the facts and circum
stances of the case twelve good ju
rors have pronounced you guilty and
have found you guilty of murder in
the first degree.
“You have said, according to the
testimony of creditable witnesses and
yourself, that no other person aided
or abetted you in the commission of
this terrible act. God grant it may
be so. The penalty for the crime for
which you stand convicted is fixed by
this statute and it now becomes my
duty to pronounce this judgment
against you: The sentence of the
court is that in the week beginning
October 28, 1901, at the place, in the
manner and means prescribed by law,
you suffer the punishment of death.”
"Remove the prisoner.”
The crowd filed slowly out of the
room and court adjourned at 2:26.
SAMOANS ARE NOT PLEASED
Think Our Government Is Not Treating
Them as It Should.
SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 27.—A let
ter received today from l’utula, Sa
moa, calls attention to the discontent
among the natives oyer the manner
in which the United States governs
the islands under its protection. The
letter says:
“The opinion here is that the au
thorities at Washington must either
treat this place simply as a protec
torate of the United States, allowing
the people the right to govern them
selves under that protection, or they
must lay down settled regulations
for the government of the islands and
make ample financial provision for
carrying out those regulations.
“The inhabitants want to know
their real status concerning the Uni
ted States. Nominally the islands be
long to the United States, but the
States do nothing, and natives and
whites live in a quandry, not knowing
which way to move or turn for fear
of getting into trouble.
"There has been delay in the pay
ment for lands taken by the United
States government for public pur
poses and also for arms and ammuni
tion turned in by the natives. The
Samoans contrast the alleged neglect
with the liberality of the Germans at
Apia, who are opening up the coun
try, building roads and making other
public improvements.”
FORMAL WELCOME FOR KINO.
Gdwurd to Bo Received With All Coart
Ceremonies.
NEW YORK. Sept. 27.—Discussing
the return of King Edward, the Lon
don representative of the Tribune
says: Some formalities are required
respecting Parliament, but there are
no arrears of public business and the
king will not be detained more than
two days. The rumor mongers give
various accounts of his health, but
there is nothing authoritative. The
king and queen will arrive at Bal
moral on Saturday with Princess Vic
toria and remain at least three weeks.
Formalities will not be dispensed
with, as it has been erroneously ru
mored. There will be a guard of
honor at Ballater when the king ar
rives and departs and Balmoral will
witness court functions as well as
family reunions. Late as the season
is, royalty is the magnet that draws
wealth and fashion to Scotland. The
smart sets are already moving north
ward and country houses, castles and
shooting boxes will be filled with
guests and sportsmen during October.
European War Imminent.
PARIS, Sept. 27.—La Patrie today
prints a sensational story to the ef
fect that a conflict has broken out
between Great Britain and Turkey,
saying that three British war ships
have been ordered to the Persian gulf
to suppress revolts at Touete, in the
British province of Bagdad, and that
the Turkish government has dis
patched a strong detachment of troops
with instructions to oppose the land
ing of the British forces.
