The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965, December 16, 1897, Image 3
tided to It the protection of their In* terests and honor, and to humanity. Sure of the right, keeping free from > ali offense ourselves, actuated only by upright and patriotic considerations, Inoved neither by passion or selfish ness, the government will continue its 'i watchful care over the rights and property of American citizens and will abate none of its efforts to bring about by peaceful agencies a peace which shall be honorable and endur ing. If it shall hereafter be a duty Imposed by our obligations to our ■aelves, to civilization and humanity, to Intervene with force, it shall be v Without fault on our part and only be cause the necessity for such action will be so clear as to command the -support and approval of the civilized world. URGES ANNEXATION OP HAWAII. By a special message dated the 16th Of June last I laid before the senate * treaty signed that day by the plen ipotentiaries of the United States and of the Republic of Hawaii having for its purpose the incorporation of the Hawaiian islands as an Integral part of the United States, and under its •sovereignty. The senate having re though tho treaty is still pending be tor that body, the subject may be prop erly referred to in this message be cause the necessary action of congress is required to determine by legislation many details of the eventual union •should the fact of annexation be ac complished, as I believe it should be. While consistently disavowing from very early period any aggressive policy of absorption in regard to the Hawaiian group, as one series of dec larations through three-quarters of a •century has-proclaimed the vital in terest of the United States in the in dependent life of the islands and their intimate commercial dependency upon • this country. At the same time it has 'been repeatedly asserted that in no •event couuld the entity of Hawaiian statehood cease by the passage of the Islands under the domination or in fluence of another power than the United States. Under these circum stances the logic of events required that annexation, before offered but declined, should in the ripeness of time come about as the natural re sult of strengthening the ties that Itind us to those islands and be realiz ed by the free will of the Hawaiian state. That treaty was unanimously rati fied without amendment by the sen ate and president of the Republic of Hawaii on the 10th of September last, ■and only awaits the favorable action •of the American senate to effect the •complete absorption of the islands in to the domains of the United States. What the conditions of such a union shall be, the political relation thereof to the United States, the character of the local administration, the quality and degree of elective franchise of the Inhabitants, the extension of the fed eral laws to the territory or the en actment of special laws to fit the peculiar condition thereof, the regula tion of needs of labor therein, are all matters which the treaty has wisely . relegated to the congress. If the treaty is confirmed, as every i -consideration of dignity and honor re Vi quires, the wisdom of congress will see ►y to it that, avoiding abrupt assimila J tion of elements perhaps hardly yet fitted to share in the highest fran chise of citizenship and having due regard of the geographical conditions, the most just provisions for self-rule in local matters with the largest political liberties as an Integral part of our nation will be accorded to the Hawaiians.' No less is due to a people who, after nearly five years of demonstrated capacity to fulfill the •obligations of self-governing state Tiood, come of their free will to merge their destines in our body politic. The ouestlons which have arisen be tween Japan and Hawaii by reason of the treatment of Japanese laborers •emigrating to the islands under the Hawaiian-Japanese convention of 188S are in a satisfactory stage of settle ment. by negotiation. This govern ment has not been invited to mediate, and on the other hand has sought n<i Intervention in that matter, further •than to evince its kindliest disposition toward such a speedy and direct ad , justment by the two sovereign states In Interest as shall comaprt with equality and honor. It is gratifying to learn that the apprehensions at first displayed on the part of Japan lest the cesation of Hawaii’s national life through annexation might impair privileges to which Japan honorably laid claim, have given place to ex pressions of confidence of its purpose to deal with all possible ulterior ques tions in the broadest spirit of friend liness. AFFAIRS IN CENTRAL AMERICA. As to the representation of this government to Nicaragua, Salvador and Costa Rica I have concluded that Mr. William L. Merry, confirmed as minister of the United States to tho states of Nicaragua, Salvador and Costa Rica, shall proceed to San Jose, Costa Rica, and there temporarily es tablish headquarters of the United \ States to those three states. I took this atclon for what I regarded as the paramount interests of this country. It was developed upon an investiga tion by the secretary of state that the governor of Niclragua, while not un willing to receive Mr. Merry in his uiyiuiuiiiiu uayacuy, was unauie 10 QO bo on account of the compact conclud ed June 20, 1895, whereby the republic and those of'Salvador and Honduras, forming what is known as the Greater Republic of Central America, had sur rendered to the representative Diet thereof their right to receive and send diplomatic agents. The Diet was not willing to accept him because he was not accredited to that body. I could not accredit him to that body because the appropriation law of congress did not permit. Mr. Baker, the present minister, to Managua, has been di rected to present his letters of recall. Mr. W. F. Godfrey Hunter has like wise been accredited to the govern ments of Guatemala and Honduras, the same as his-predecessor. Guate mala is not a member of the Greater Republic of Central America, but Hon duras it. Should this latter govern ment declinei to receive him, he has been Instructed to report this fact to his government and await its further Instructions. A subject of large im portance to our country and increas ing appreciation on the part of the people is the completion of the great highway of trade between the Atlantic and Pacific knovn as the Nicaraguan canal. Ita utility and value to Ameri can commerce is universally admitted. The commission appointed under date of July 24 last, “To continue the sur veys and examinations authorized by the act approved March 2,1885,” in re gard “to the proper route, feasibility and cost of construction of the Nic aragua canal, with a view of making complete plans of entire work of con struction of such canai,” is now em ployed in the undertaking. In the future I shall take occasion to trans mit to congress the report of this com mission, making at the same time such further suggestions as may then seen advisable. NEGOTIATIONS WITH OTHER NATIONS. Under the provisions of the act of congress, approved March 3, 1897, for the promotion of an international agreement respecting bimetallism, I appointed on the 14th day of April, 1897, Hon. Edward O. Wolcott, of Colorado; Hon. Adlal E. Stevenson, of Illlinois, and Hon. Charles J. Paine, of Massachusetts, as special envoys to represent the United States. They have been diligent in their efforts to scure the concurrence and co-oper ation of European countries in the in ternational settlement of the question, but up to this time have not been able to secure an agreement contemplated by their mission. The gratifying action of our great sister republic of France in joining this country in the attempt to bring about an agreement between the prin cipal commercial nations of Europe whereby a fixed and relative value be tween gold and silver shall be secured, furnishes assurances that we are not alone among the larger nations of the world in realizing the international character of the problem and the de sire of reaching some wise and prac tical solution of it. The British gov ernment has published a resume of the steps taken jointly by the. French ambassador in London and the special envoys of the United States, with whom our ambassador at-London ac tively co-operated in the presentation of this subject to her majesty’s gov ernment. This will be laid before con gress. Our special envoys have not made their final report, as further ne gotiations between the representatives of this government and the govern ments of other countries are pending and in contemplation. They believe that doubts, which have been raised in certain quarters respecting the pos sibility of maintaining the stability of the parity between the metals and kindred questions may yet be solved by further negotiations. Meanwhile it gives me satisfaction to state that the special envoys have already demonstrated their ability and fitness to deal with the subject, and it is to be earnestly hoped that their la bors may result in an international agreement which will bring about rec ognition of both gold and silver as money upon such terms and with such safeguards which shall work no in justice to any class of our citizens. In order to execute as early as pos sible the provisions of the third and fourth sections of the .revenue act, ap proved July 24, 1897, I appointed Hon. John A. Kasson, of Iowa, a special commissioner and plenipotentiary to undertake the requisite negotiations with foreign countries desiring to avail themselves of these provisions. The negotiations are now proceeding, with several governments, both European and American. It is be lieved that by a careful exercise of the powers conferred by that act some grievances of our own and of other countries in our mutual trade relations may be either removed or largely alleviated and that the vol ume of our commercial exchanges may be enlarged with advantages to both contracting parties. Most desirable from every stand point of national interest and patriot ism is the effort to extend our for eign commerce. To this end our mer chant marine should be improved and enlarged. We should do our full share of the carrying trade of the world. We do not do it now. We should be the laggard no longer. The inferiority of our merchant marine is justly hu miliating to the national pride. The government, by every proper consti tutional means, should aid in making our ships familiar visitors at every commercial port of the world, thu3 opening up new and valuable markets to the surplus products of our farm and the factory. The efforts which have been made during the two previous years by my predecessor to secure better protection to the fur seals of the north Pacific ocean and Bering sea were renewed at an early date by this administration, and have been pursued with earnest ness. Upon my invitation the gov ernments of Japan and Russia sent delegates to Washington and an in- . ternational conference was held dur ing the months of October and No vember last, wherein It was unani mously agreed that under the existing regulations this species of useful an imals was threatened with extinction, and that an international agreement of all interested powers was necessary for their adequate protection. The government of Great Britain , did not see proper to be represented at this conference, but subsequently sent to Washington as delegates the expert commissioners of Great Brit nln on/1 _ t__a _f_ . , « past two years visited the Prylbyloff islands, and who met in conference similar commissioners on the part of the United States. The result of this conference was an agreement on important facts connected with the condition of the seal herd heretofore in dispute, which should place beyond controversy the duty of the govern ments concerned to adopt measures without delay for the preservation and restoration of the herd. Negotiations to this end are now in progress, the result of which I hope to be able to report to congress at an early day. International arbitration cannot be omitted from the list of subjects clamoring for our consideration. Events have only served to strengthen the general views on this question expressed in my inaugural address. The best sentiment of the civilized world is moving toward the settle ment of differences betwee.1 nations without resorting to the horrors of war. Treaties embodying thess hu mane principles on broad lines with out in any way Imperiling our inter ests or our honor shall have my con stant encouragement. The acceptance by this government of the invitation of the republic of France to participate in the Universal exposition of 1900 at Paris was imme diately followed by the appointment of a special commissioner to repre sent the United States in the proposed exposition, with special reference to the securing of an appropriation for an adequate exhibition on behalf of the United States. The special com missioner delayed his departure for Paris long enough to ascertain the probable demand for space by Ameri can exhibitors. His Inquiries developed an almost unprecedented Interest In the proposed exposition, and the in fomation thus acquired enabled him to Justify an application for a much larger alotment of space for the American section than had been re served by the Exposition authorities. The result was particularly gratify ing in view of the fact that the United States was one of the last countries to accept the Invitation of France. The reception accorded our special commissioner was most cordial, and he was given every reasonable assur ance that the United States would re ceive a consideration commensurate with tVtA .S _ _t_)l l tion. The reports of the special com missioner as to the. Importance and magnitude of the coming exhibition, and the great demand for space for American exhibits supplies new argu ments for a liberal and judicious ap propriation by congress, to the end that an exhibit fairly rerescntatlve of the industries and resources of our country way be made In the exposi tion which will illustrate the world's progress during the nineteenth cen tury. That exposition is intended to be the most important and comprehen sive of the long series of interna tional exhibitions, of which our own at Chicago was a brilliant example, and it is desirable that the United States should make a worthy exhibit of American genius and skill and their unrivaled achievements in every branch of industry. REQUIREMENTS OP THE NEW NAVY. The present naval force, especially in view of its increase by ships now under construction, while not as large as that of a few other powers, is a formidable force; its vessels are the very best -type, and with the Increase that should be made to it> from time to time in the future, and careful at tention to keeping It in a high state of efficiency and repair, it is well adapted to the necessities of the country. The great increase of the navy which has taken place in recent years was justified by the requirements for national defense and has received pub lic approbation. The time has. now arrived, however, when this* Increase, to which the country is committed, should for a time take the form of In creased facilities commensurate with the increase of our naval vessels. It is an unfortunate fact that there is only one dock on the Pacific coast ca pable of docking our largest ships and only one on the Atlantic coast, and that the latter has for the last six' or seven months been under repair and therefore Incapable of use. Immediate steps should be taken to provide three or four docks of this capacity on the Atlantic coast, at least one on the Pa cific coast and a floating dock on the gulf. This is the recommendation of a very competent board appointed to investigate the subject. There should also be ample provision for powder and projectiles and other munitions of war and for an increased number of officers and enlisted men. Some ad ditions are also necessary to our navy yards for the repair and care of 'our larger number of vessels. As there are now on the stocks five battleships or the largest class, which cannot be completed for a year or two, I concur with the recommendation of the secretary of the navy for an ap propriation authorizing the construc tion of one battle ship for the Pacific coast, where at present there is only one in commission and one under con struction, while on the Atlantic coast there are three in commission and four under construction; and also that sev eral torpedo boats be authorized in connection with our general system of coast defense. ALASKA IN NEED OF ATTENTION. The territory of Alaska requires the prompt and early attention of con gress. The conditions now existing demand material changes in the laws relating to that territory. The great Influx of population during the past summer and fall and the prospect of a still larger immigration in the spring will not permit us to longer neglect the extension of civil authority within the territory or postpone the establishment of a more thorough gov ernment. A general system of public surveys has not yet been extended to Alaska and all entries thus far made in that district are upon special surveys. The act of congress extending to Alaska mining laws of the United States con tained the reservation that it should not be construed to put in force the general land laws of the country. By act approved March S, 1891, authority was given for the entry of lands for townsite purposes and also for the purchase of not exceed in" 160 acres then or thereafter occupied for pur poses of trade and manufacture. The purpose ui congress ss tnus rar ex pressed has beer, that only such rights should apply to the territory as shall be specifically named. It will be seen how much remains to be done for that vast and remote and yet promising portion of our country. Special authority was given to the president by the act of congress ap proved July 24, 1897. to divide that territory into two land districts and to designate the boundaries thereof, and to appoint registers and receivers of said land offices and the president was also authorized to appoint a sur veyor general for the entire district. Pursuant to this authority, a surveyor general and receiver have been ap pointed with offices at Sitka. If in the ensuing year the conditions justify it, the additional land district authorized by law will be established, with an office at some point in the Yukon val ley. No appropriation, however, was made for this purpose, and that is nvw necessary to be done for the two !and districts into which the territory is to be divided. I concur with the secretary of war In his suggestions as to the necessity for a military force in the territory of Alaska for the protection of persons and property. Already a small force consisting of twenty-five men with two officers, under command of Lieu tenant Colonel Randall of the Eighth Infantry, has been s»nt to St. Mich ael to establish a military post. At it Is to the Interest of the government to encourage the development and settlement of the country and its duty to follow up its citizens there with the benefits of legal machinery, I earnestly urge upon congress the es tablishment of a system of govern ment of such flexibility as will enable it to adjust itself to the future areas of greatest population. The startling though possibly ex aggerated reports from the Yukon river country of the probable shortage of food for the large number of peo ple who are wintering there without the means of leaving the country are confirmed in such a measure as to justify bringing the matter to the at tention of congress. Access to that country this wltner can be had only by the passes from Dyea and vicinity, which is a most difficult and perhaps an impossible task. However, should these reports of the suffering of our fellow citizens be further verified, every effort at any cost should be mndn to onrrv TROUBLES IN INDIAN TERRITORY For a number of years past It has been apparent that the conditions un der which the five civilized tribes were established In the Indian terri tory under treaty provision with the United States, with the right of self government and the exclusion of all white persons from within their bor ders, have undergone so complete a change as to render the continuance of tbe system thus Inaugurated prac tically Impossible. The total number of the five civilized tribes as shown by the last census, is 45,454, and this number has not materially increased, while the white population Is esti mated at from 200,000 to 250,000, which, by permission of the Indian government, have settled In the terri tory. The present area of the Indian territory contains 25,G93,664 acres, much of which is very fertile land. The United States citizens residing In the territory, most of whom have gone there by invitation or with the con sent of the tribal authorities, have made permanent homes for tliem selvee. Numerous towns have been built In which from 500 to 5,000 white people now reside. Valuable residence and business, bouses have been erected in many of them. Large business enterprises are carried on in which vast sums of money are employed, and yet these people, who have Invested their cap ital in the development of the produc tive resources of the country, are with out title to the land which they oc cupy and have no voice whatever in the government either of the nations or the tribes. Thousands of their chil dren who were born In the territory are of school age, but the doors of the schools of the nations are shut against them and what education they get is by private contribution. No provision for the protection of the life or property of these white citizens is made by the tribal governments and courts. The secretary of the Interior re ports that leading Indians havo ab sorbed great tracts of land to the ex clusion of the common people and government by an Indian aristocracy has been practically established, to tbe detriment of the people. It has been found Impossible for the United States to keep its citizens out of the territory, and the Executory condi tions contained in the treaties with these nations have for the most part become impossible of execution. Nor has it been possible for the tribal gov ernments to secure to each individual Indian his full enjoyment In common with other Indians of the common property of the nations. Friends of I he Indians have long believed that the best Interests of the Indians of the five civilized tribes would be found in American citizenship, with all the rights and privileges which belong to that condition. By section 16 of the act of March S, 1891, the president was authorized, to appoint: three commissioners to enter into negotiations with the Cherokee. Choctaw, Chickasaw, Muskogee lor Creek), and Seminole nations, com monly known as the five civilized tribes of the Indian territory. Briefly, the purposes of the negotiations were to be: The extinguishment of tribal titles to any land now held by any and all such nations or tribes, either by cession of the same or some part thereof to the United States or by al lotment and division of the same In severalty among the Indians of such nations or tribes respectively as may bo entitled to the same, or by such other method as may be agreed upon lev ten the several nations and tribes n fonts Id or each of them with the United States, with a view to eiirh adjustment upon the basis of justice and equity as may, with the consent of the. said nations of Indiana, so far as rr.ay be necessary, re.pilsiie and saitflde to enable the ultimate crea tion oi a state or stv.es of the Union which shall embrace the lands within said Ir-dlan territory. The commission met much oppo sition from the beginning. The In dians were very slow to act, and those in central manifested a decided dis inclination to meet with favor the proposition submitted to them. A little more than three years after Its an agreement with the Chotaw nation alone. The Chickasaws, however, re fused to agree to its terms, and as they have a common interests with the Choctaws in the lands of the said nations, the agreement with the latter could have no effect without the con sent of the former. On April 23, 1897, the commission effected an agreement with both tribes—the Chotaws and the Chickasaws. This agreement, it Is understood, has been'ratified by the constituted authorities of the respec tive tribes or nations parties thereto, and only requires the ratification of congress to make it binding. On the 27th of September, 1897, an agreement was effected with the Creek nAtlon, but it is understood that the national council of said nation has refused to ratify the same. Negotiations are yet to be had with the Cherokees, the most populous of the five civilized tribes, and with the Semlnoles, the smallest in point of numbers and territory. The provision in the Indian appro priation act, approved June 10, 1896, makes it the duty of the commission to Investigate and determine the rights of applicants for citizenship in the five civilized tribes. The commis sion is at present engaged in thin work among the tribes, and has made appointments for taking the census of these people up to and including the 30th of the present month. Should the agreement -with the Choctaws and Chickasaws be ratified by congress and should the other tribes fall to make an agreement with the commission, then it will be nec essary that some legislation shall be had by congress, which, while just ana honorable to the Indians, shall be equitable to the White people who have settled upon these lands by In vitation of the tribal nations. lion. Harry L. Dawes, chairman of the commission, in a letter to the secretary of the interior, under date of October 11,1897, says: "Individual ownership is, in their (commission ers’) opinion, absolutely essential to any permanent improvement in pres ent conditions, and lack of it is the root of nearly all of the evils which so grievously affect these*people. Al lotments by agreement is the only possible method, unless the United States courts are clothed with the au thority to apportion these lands among the citizen Indians for whose use it was originally granted." I concur with the secretary of the interior that there can be no cure. for the veils engendered by the per version of these great trusts excepting by the resumption by the government which crcafpH them. NEW QUARANTINE LAWS. The recent prevalence of yellow fe ver In a number of cities and towns throughout the south has resulted In much disturbance to commerce and demonstrated the necessity of such amendments to our quarantine laws as will make the regulations of the na tional quarantine authorities para mount. The secretary of the treasury, in the portion of his report relating to the operation of the marine hospital ser vice, calls attention the the defects in the present quarantine laws, and recommends amendments thereto which will give the treasury depart ment the requisite authority to pro vent the invasion of epidemic diseases from foreign countries, and In times of emergency, like that of the past summer, will add to the efficiency of the sanitary measures for the protec tion of the people and at the same time prevent unnecessary restrictions of commerce. I concur in bis recom mendation. In further effort to prevent the in vasion of the United States by yellow fever the importance of the discovery of the exact cause of the disease, which up to the present, .time has been undetermined, has been obvious, and to thlB end a systematic bacter iological investigation should be made. I therefore recommend that congress authorize the appointment of a commission by the president, to consist of four expert bacteriologists, one to be selected from the medical of ficers of the Marine hospital service, one to be appointed from civil life, and one to be detailed from the medi cal officers of the army and one from the medical officers of the navy. BID ON KANSAS PACIFIC. The Union Pacific railway main line was sold under the decree of the United StateB court for the district of Nebraska on the 1st and 2d of Novem ber of this year. The amount due the government consisted of the prin cipal of the subsidy bonds, 927,286,512, and the accrued Interest thereon, 331,• 211,711.75, making the total indebted ness 958,448,223.76. The bid at the sale covered the first mortgage lien and the entire mortgage claim of the government, principal and interest. The sale of the subsidized portion of the Kansas Pacific line, upon which the government holds a second mort gage lien, has been postponed at the instance of the government, to' De cember 16, 1897. The debt of this di vision of the Union Pacific railroad to the government, on November 1, 1897, was the principal of the subsidy bonds, 98,303,000, and the unpaid and acnied Interest thereon, k90..'',3, making a total of 912,929,690.33! The sale of this road was originally 1 advertised for November 4, but for the purpose of securing the utmost public notice of the event, It was postponed until December 16, and a second ad vertisement of the sale was mad». By the decree of the court the upset price on the sale of the Kansas Pa cific will yield to the government the sum of 92,500,000 over all prior liens, costs and charges. If no other or bet ter bid is made this sum Is all the government will receive on its claim of nearly 313,000,000. The govern ment has no information as to whether there will be other bidders or a better bid than the maximum amount herein stated. The question presented therefore Is: Whether the government shall, under the authority given it by the act of March 3, 1897, purchase or redeem the road in the event that a bid Is not made by private parties covering rhe entire government claim. To qualify the government to bid at the sale will require a deposit of 9900,000, as fol lows: In the government cause 9500, 000, and in each of the first mortgage causes 3200,000, and in the latter the deposit must be In cash. Payments at the sale are as follows: Upon the acceptance of the bid, a sum which, wtkix iuc ouiuuui tureauy uepusiiea, shall equal 15 per cent of the bid, the balance In Installments of 25 por cent, thirty, forty and fifty days aftor the confirmation of the sale. The Hens on the Kansas Pacific prior to that of the government on the 30th of July, 1897, principal and interest, amounted to $7,281,048.11. The govern ment, therefore, should It become the highest bidder, will have to pay the amount of the first mortgage lien. I believe that under the act of 1837 it has the authority to do this, and in the absence of any action by con gress I shall direct the secretary of the treasury to make the necessary deposit as required by the courts' de cree to qualify as a bidder and to bid at the sale a sum which will at least equal the principal of the debt due to the government; but suggest In order to remove all controversy, that an amendment of the law be immediately passed explicitly giving euch powers and appropriating in general terms whatever sum is sufficient therefor. In so important a matter as the government becoming the possllu* owner of railroad property which it perforce must conduct and operate, I feel constrained to lay before “cngress these facts for its consideration and action before the consummation of the sale. It is clear to my mind that the government should not permit th* property to be sold at a price whlds will yield less than .one-halt of thw principal of Its debt and less thaal one-fifth of the entire debt, principal and interest, rather than accept leas than its claim, should become a bid der and thereby the owner of tb* property. I submit it to congress for action. T v CIVIL SERVICE. * r The Important branch of our gor ernment known as the civil services, the practical Improvement of whlchk has long been a subject of earnest cusslon, has of late years received in creased legislative and executive apt proval. During the past few month* the service bas been placed on a still firmer basis of business methods and personal merit While the rights o£ our veteran soldiers to reinstatement in deserving cases has been asserted* dismissals for merely political rea sons have been carefully guarded against, the examinations for admit tance to the service enlarged and at the same time rendered less, technical and more practical; and a distinct ad vance has been made by giving a hear ing before dismissal upon all case* where Incompetency is charged or de mand made for the removal of officiate in any of the departments. This or der has been made to give the ac cused his right to be heard, but with cm ¥ lev nntr I»_ __ of removal, which should always bn exercised in cases of inefficiency and. Incompetency, and which is one of thn vital safeguards of civil service re forms, preventing stagnation and deadwood and keeping every employ* keenly alive to the fact that the set curity of his tenure dpnds not oil favor but on his own tested and cane fully watched record of service. Much, of course, still remains to be' accomplished before the system can be made reasonably perfect foe our needs. There are places now in one classified lists which ought to be ex empt and other not classified max’ properly be Included. I shall not hes itate to exempt cases which I think have been improperly included in thn classifled service or Include thosn which in my Judgment will best pro mote the public service. The system has the approval of the people and it will be my endeavor to uphold and extend it. THB PUBLIC LIBRARY. ? The library building, provided flop by the act of congress, approved April 16, 1888, has been completed and opened to the public. I should be n matter of congratulation that througfe the foresight and munificence of con gress the nation possesses this nobl* treasure house of knowledge. It In earnestly to be hoped that, havtnic done so much toward the cause ot education, congress will continue ta develop the library in every phase off research to the end that It may bn not only one of the most magnificent* but among the richest and most beam tiful libraries in the world. KEEP DOWN EXPENDITURES. I am forced by the length ot thin message to omit many important ref erences to affairs of the government with which congress will have to deal at the present session. They are fully; discussed 1 nthe departmental reports^ to all of which I Invite your earnest attention. The estimates of the expenses of' thn government by the several depart find it an easy task to reduce the ex penses of the government, it should ments, will, I am sure, have your care ful scrunlty. While congress may not not encourage their increase. These expenses will, in my judgment, admit of a decrease in many branches of the ■ government without injury to the pub lic service. It is a commanding duty to keep the appropriations within the receipts of the government and than avoid a deficit. WILLIAM M’KINLEY. Xranchmen right • Deal PARIS, Dec. 7.—A duel was fought between M. Millerand, the well-known socialist deputy and editor of the Pe tite Republique Francaise, and M. Jo seph Reinach, conservative deputy for the district of Digne, a well-known journalist and author, editor of the Repnblique Francaise. The encounter grew out of some hot words exchanged in the chamber yesterday during the Dreyfus debate. Both men fired twicn Neither was hit, and their seconds de- < dared that honor was satisfied. A Formidable Force* •. *;■ BERLIN, Dec. 7.—When the German reinforcements, numbering twenty three officers and 1,400 men, arrived at Kiao Chau bay, for which point, as al ready cabled, they will soon set out* they will bring the total German foren up to 4,566 men, the largest body Ger many has ever sent beyond European waters. The admiralty reports that the various foreign warships have entered» the bay to watch Germany’s progress* and it is expected that Admiral von Dledrlch will protest vigorously against such an attempt. Surgeon General's Beport. . WASHINGTON, Dec. 7.—Surgeon General Wyman of the marine hospital service, has submitted his annual re port to Secretary Gage. It shows that during the fiscal year ended June SO* 1897, the total number ot patients treated at the hospital and the dispen saries connected with the service wan 54,774—673 in excess of those treated during the previous fiscal year. Ex penditures were 1536,653, which is 21, 000 less than the previous year. Thn number of immigrants inspected at the various posts aggregated 232,147. Currency Utbbtloii WASHINGTON, D. C.. Dec. 4.—Sea ator Frye, who arrived In Washington today, expressed the opinion that on account of political complexion of ths senate it wuld be impossible to secure currency legislation such aa would sat isfy the republican party at the ap proachlng session, in which Sena tot Allison coincided. Cabinet Crisis Imminent. ROME, Dec. 6.—In consequence ot the action of the chambers in amend ing the bill dealing with army pro motions against the ad\ ice of the min ister of war. General Pelloux, it is re ported that the minister has tendered his resignation. The opinion prevails in some quarters that should General. Pelloux resign his portfolio the ea> tire cabinet would fall. The floating treasury debt was to creased during the month of Narcse* her by 23,500,004 pesetas. , ^ X ' ■ '* ;v