FARM AND GARDEN.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS.
Soma Dp-to-Date Hints About Cultlra
tion of tha Boll and Yields Thereof—
Horticulture* Viticulture and Flori
culture*
AVING to depend
entirely in agricul
ture on the success
of plants in the
field to furnish ‘
human food and
animal fodder, the
farmer should un
derstand how
plants grow. The
seed, in a favorable
condition of the
soil, puts its root downward, to
- bear fruit ‘ upward later on. The
best condition demands humus to
make plant flesh, mineral mat
ter, to furnish fibre, glazing and
tubing to retain solids in solution, and
carry in water all particles that are
^ requisite and necessary to their own
places in the plant structures, drawn
* by the rays of the sun. Hence the first
law given to man by Moses, in Genesis:
“Let the earth bring forth grass, berb
bearlng seed (weeds), trees bearing
fruit, whose seed is in Itself.” It was so,
and God saw it was good. “Nature
absorbs a vacuum.” Animals hate bare
ground. Many farmers believe that
plants breathe. They cannot without
lungs. To respire, to inhale and exhale
air, hence to live. The action of sun
shine on the leaves of plants is to draw
moisture out of them, through the
plant’B structure, directly from the
soil.
uurmg me past summer, nunareas
of trees on our farms, In shallow soils,
dried up, and died for lack of moisture
in the earth, within the reach of their
roots.
In the dry countries of Iowa the
meadows and pastures now are very
bare ground. Hence half the number
of cattle for the next summer pasture
will be the wisest policy for profitable
results. “Grass enough for two cows,
but one cow on." In evergreen and
deciduous trees, the leaves that lack
sunshine soon die. A picket fence will
destroy plant leaves and branches in
its shadow. 'During the past summer
in 'sunshine with moisture the plant
growths were prolific. On the lawn, all
trees overshadowed in part, all day
long, the shaded part died, while those
parts shone on at some time in. the
day lived and made a healthy growth.
The sun can draw moisture out of
plants, but never drive it into them.
? Richard Baker.
£
f Pasture*.
I have several pastures of five acres
to 200 acres. I keep no certain number
In each pasture, but change according
to season and the amount nf stock on
hand. Usually try to keep each kind
of stock by itself, and. change about
so as to give a variety of feed. Some
times have to keep horses, sheep and
cattle in same pastures, but think
horses and sheep do best, and cattle
with bogs if necessary to mix them.
Cattle do not do. well with sheep, nor
horses with hogs. Part of my pastures
are wild grass, part are fed into June
and blue-grass, and part are old tim
othy meadows run into June grass.
Tame pastures are black loam and
sandy with clay subsoil. Wild pastures
are mucky loam. Often feed cows fod
>der, straw and damaged, hay on pas
tures near barns. Sometimes put barn
yard manure on pasture if no other
place is available. Like both trees and
sheds in pasture and barns for winter. ;
Have no ponds, but running stream in
open ditches and windmills with tanks.
Am compelled to have both tile and
open ditches. Prefer tile. Would sow
Beveral kinds of those adapted to soil
and climate. Have some rail, some
five board, some barb-wire and some
woven wire. Prefer woven wire five
feet high. O. Dinwiddle,
Lake Co., Ind.
Illinois Horticultural Convention*
(From Farmers’ Review.)
The fourteenth annual convention of
. the Illinois Horticultural society vw
held at Kankakee recently.
In reviewing the fruit lists for
Illinois a discussion arose on the pro
tection of fruit trees from rodents. Va
rious methods were advocated, among
them being fish oil and axle grease.
There was, however, danger of using
these too much, especially on young
trees. Instances were given where
such, treatment had resulted in the
death of the trees. Trees ten years old
would not be harmed by the treat
ment. An apple grower said he knew
of an orchard of 2,000 young trees that
had been killed by using too much oil.
Mr. Williams had been using for
twelve years a paint made of soap, tar,
sulphur and lime. He put it on the
trees with a common paint brush. It
makes a thorough glaze and will destroy
every insect He believes also that this
paint has the tendency to protect from
sun-scald. The little lime in it, when
the dry weather comes, turns the mass
to a grayish color that throws off the
rays of the sun and thus keeps the bark
of the tree from cracking.
One man that had tried tarred paper
thought there was great danger from
> using this, as it was not taken off early
enough in the spring, in which case
the tar from the paper works into the
tree. He had tried paper made out
of felt, and untarred, and found this
to work very well, if it were but taken
off early enough in the season. He now
uses strong muslin, putting it on every
fall and taking it off every spring. He
had tried this now for three years.
Mr. Bui-nhardt expressed himself as
certain that the rabbits would let the
trees alone if they only had enough of
other things to cat. He had been set
ting out trees for twenty-five years and
had never had any trouble from rabbits.
But there had always been about hlu
place some brushwood or trees tor
them to work on. The scattering ot
some kind ot grain on the ground
would serve to keep them away from
the trees.
Mr. Augustine suggested that there
must be different varieties of wild rab
bits, for the kind that lived in his vicin
ity began to gnaw the trees as early as
July. • |
Mr. Gilbert protects his trees by using
only common wrapping paper, such as
can bo obtained in any grocery or dry
goods store. He tears these papers into
strips eight inches wide. These he
wraps around the tree on the bias, be
ginning near the ground, and stopping
twenty inches above it, where he ties i
the paper.
A discussion arose on the value ot
the yellow transparent for commercial
orchards. Some believed it a mistake
to plant largely of this variety on ac
count of its poor keeping qualities.
However, when in good shape, it sells
readily, and men from Southern Illi
nois expressed great faith in its com
mercial value. 1
Much time wsb devoted to the discus
sion of the efficiency of spraying, and
successes and failures were reported.
The prevailing opinion was that the
failures were due to ignorance in do
ing the work.
Question.—How many have experi
mented with spraying mixtures?
Twenty-seven replied affirmatively.
Question.—How many recommend
spraying?
Thirty-live votes were cast for it, and
none against it.
The growing of small fruits was dis
cussed, and the growing of strawberries
in hills came up. While hill culture
gives large, fine berries, yet growers
on a large scale do not follow it, as
it does not pay for the extra trouble.
rne question or fertilizers was dis
cussed at length. The most irnpor-1
tant point developed waa that the ex- I
tensive use of barnyard manuremade
It possible for the soil to use a greater
mass of chemical fertilizers than if
it were not used at all. Thus in the
neighborhood of large cities the market
gardeners are enabled to use immense
quantities of commercial fertilizers be
cause they also use immense quantities
of barnyard manure.
Mr. Morrill, of Michigan, spoke on the
marketing of fruit. The first requisite
is to have something desirable to mar
ket. He could'not tell a man.how to
market undesirable fruit. The great
necessity with farmers Is to learn how
to co-operate in the sale of goods. The
co-operative organizations have largely
failed for the reason that there seemed
a jealousy against any man being paid
to look after the work. He believed
the time to be approaching when farm
ers would use more business-like
methods.
The superintendent of the insane asy
lum at Kankakee spoke on the great
success of Irrigation at that place. The
water for the irrigation works is
pumped by steam engines that can sup
ply from 100,000 to 200,000 gallons per
day. The cost for this pumping is only
three-tenths of a cent per thousand
gallons. During the last season they
had raised vegetables worth over $6,000,
liy a vote of the society the life mem
bership fee was reduced from $20 to
$5.
The election of officers resulted in the
following choice: President, Mr. Good
rich; vice-president, Lem Small; sec
retary, H. M. Dunlap; treasurer, Ar
thur Bryant.
The next annual meeting will be held
at Springfield.
William Gould spoke on the culti
vation of grapes. He plants 8x8 or
7x9, which gives about 700 vines to the
acre.
Sulphur for Sheep.—The American
Sheep Breeder says: While sulphur is
Indispensable for sheep, as furnishing
one of the important elements of the
fleece, it must be given in such a way
as to be available for this purpose. It
must be in the food. It cannot be given
in the crude form, in which it is not a
food, but an active medicine, producing
a laxative action on the bowels and an
excessive excretion through the skin.
It is this which makes it useful as an
antidote to all kinds of parasites, the
sulphur thus passing through the skin
being extremely offensive to all in
sects. But its action on the skin is to.
open the pores and thus make the ani
mal more subject to changes of the
weather, and especially to injury by
rains. It is thus not desirable to give
sulphur as food or nutriment except
in the food, such as white mustard or
any other plant of the turnip and cab
bage tribe.
TransplantingLarge Trees.—Garden
ing gives this method, and we can cer
tify to its being a good one: We prefer
doing this in the spring, and would pre
pare for it now. If you want to move
a moderately large tree, say four, five
or even six inches in diameter of trunk,
next spring, head in its top now all
you think ought to be done at planting
time, then mark a ring on the ground
around and four, five, six or more feet
away from the stem, the distance away
depending on the size of the tree. Now,
along, but outside of this ring mark,
dig a narrow trench say three
feet deep, the object being to cut away
all roots projecting beyond it, and fill
up the trench at once with the same soil
that came out of it. By spring the tree
will have fairly recovered from the
shock caused by cutting in root and top,
and may be dug up and transplanted
with fair chances of success.
Armour Buying Com.—P. D. Armour,
the millionaire packer, is making ar
I rangements to crib an enormous
amount of corn in Iowa this year. He
is building cribs all along the Chi
cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul road and
has arranged with the Des Moines,
Northern and Western railway com
pany to construct along their line of
road cribs which will hold 750,060
bushels of corn. The road already has
cribs with a capacity of 1,000,000
bushels.—Ex.
liable! on Ulrrclri.
There is reason in the crusade which
has been begun at San Fran«*i*e<*«gain*t
the carrying of babies on bicycles It
may be the children like it,, just as
their fathers do, but the real point is
that the practice is too dangerous Ac
cidents are always liable to occur, and
while the rider takes his own chance
and has every opportunity to save him
self, the baby has to take much great
er risks The mere fact that it is there
tends to rob the rider of nerve at critic
al times Those who are managing
the campaign in California rely partly
on the law of that state which makes
it a misdemeanor to place a child in
any position dangerous to life or limb.
—Hartford Times._
Frost, Frolic and Business.
The wind over frozen ponds and lakes,
over snow-fields of plains and open country,
is heavily charged with frost and fine par
ticles of frozen matter. It is the most pen
etrating way ior chill to set in. Sudden
warmth, sudden chill, and severe colds.
Oirte and boys skating, driving for pleasure
or business, and men at work afield know
the difference in temperature. Yet the
youngsters skate away and with mouth
open laughing take in a dose of sorethroat.
Drivers and workmen throw aside wraps
and all know the next day from soreness
and stiffness what sudden chill moans. Now
the best thing to do when housed is to rub
well at once with St. Jarobs Oil. If you do,
you will not have sorethroat; or if yon are
stiff and sore, it will cure fay warming the
surface to throw out the chill. j
Swallowed the Polly wog«.
Unde Jack returns from a long walk
and, being aomewhat thirsty drinks
from a tumbler he finds on the table.
Enter bia little niece, Alice, who in
stantly sets up a cry of despair.
Uncle Jack—“What’s the matter,
Allie?” Alice (weeping) — “You’ve
drinked up my ’quariuin and you’ve
swallswed my free pollywogs.”—Re- j
hobeth Sunday Herald.
Dfafnnl Can Not Be Cored
By local applications, as they cannot
reach the diseased portion of the ear.
There is only one way to cure deafness,
and that Is by constitutional remedies.
Deafness Is caused by an Inflamed con
dition of the mucous lining of the Eus
tachian Tube. When the tube Is In
flamed you have a rumbling sound or
Imperfect hearing, and when It Is en
tirely closed Deafness Is the result, and
unless the Inflammation can be taken
out and this tube restored to Its normal
condition, hearing will be destroyed for
ever; nine casett out of ten are caused
by Catarrh, which Is nothing but an In
flamed condition of the mucous sur
faces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for
any case of Dearness (caused by "Ca
tarrh) that cannjt bo cured by Hall's
Catarrh Cure. Send for circulars, free.
P. J. CHENEY & cm., Toledo, O.
Sold by druggists; 75c. , !
Hall’s Family Pills, 25c. I
Tbe Yankee Would Help.
A little Virginia boy, who was much
interested in listening' to a discussion
of a war question between this countsy
and England, asked:
“Papa, if we go to war with England j
will the Yankees help us fight for our |
country?'’
And he added, “If they do we can
whip the English to pieces ”
IOWA PATENT OFFICE REPORT.
Des Moines, January 13.—Patents
have been allowed, but not yet issued,
as follows: To the Prouty-Fowler
Soap Co., of Des Moines, for three
trade-marks, to-vvit: The word sym
bols, Bo-Peep, Peek-a-Boo, and Jack
Tar. To J. H. Kinsey, of Milo, for a
wire stretcher specially adapted to be
clamped fast te a post for stretching
fence wires and splicing broken wires.
To Deborah Owen, of Van Wert, for a
novelty for women, described in one of
the claims as follows: A dress pro
tector consisting of an overskirt
gathered at its sides at the lower
portion thereof, and provided with
fastening devices to secure the said side
portions about the ankles of the wearer
and also provided with fastening
devices along the lower edge, between
the first named fastening devices, to
secure the same between the legs of
the wearer. Printed copies of the
drawings and specifications of any one
patent sent to any address for 25 cents.
Valuable information about securing,
valuing and selling patents sent free.
Tuouas G. and J. Ralph Orwig,
Solicitors of Patents.
• Some of the Japanese soldiers wear paper
clothing.
I believe my prompt nse of Piso's Cure
prevented quick consumption.—Mrs. Lucy
Wallace, Marquette, Kans., Dec, 12, ’95.
Selfishness is self-robbery, no matter
whether it dwells in a but or in a palace.
"Sanson’s Mafic Cora Salve.’*
Warranted to cure or money refunded, iak yoar
druggist for It. Price 15 cent*.
Matrimonial triumphs of gentlewomen in
trade tause more to go into it.
..FITS—AH Fits stopped free by Dr. Kline’s Ore"*
>erve Restorer. Ko Fltsaftvr tlio UriiUiay'H uie.
j Marvelous cures. Treatise an«182 trial bottle fret t>
I fci4.U4M.». bond to Dr. Kliue«fcJl Ai chbt.,Plai*u»l a»
BETTER WALK A MILE than fail
to get a 5-ccnt package of Cut and
Slash smoking tobacco if you want to
enjoy a real good smoke. Cut and
Slash cheroots are as good as many
5-cent cigars, and you get three for 5
cents. Sure to please.
SILVER KINO BARMY, 111 HU. PKR
ACRE.
The herlev wonder. Yields right
along on poor, good or. indifferent soils
80 to 100 bus. per acre. That pays at
20c. a bushel!
Salzer's mammoth catalogue is full of
good things. Silver Mine Oats yielded
209 bushels in 1895. It will do better in
1896. Hurrah for Teosinte, Sand Vetch,
Spurry and Giant Clover and lots of
grasses and clovers they offer. 85
packages earliest vegetables 81.00.
If you will cut this out mid send
it with 10c. postage to the John A. Sal
ter Seed Co., La Crosse, Wis., you will
get free t::< grain and grass samples,
including barley, etc., and their mam
moth catalogue. Catalogue alone 5c. for
mailing. w.n.
Loading Ship* by Electricity.
One of the most wonderful labor
saving inventions of the day is the new
electric stevedore or movable conveyor
for loading a ship with flour or grain
from an ordinary wart Its length is
forty feet, two wheels in the center
allowing it to be moved at will. The
actuating power is electricity. The re
volving belt on which the sacks are
placed is of rubber, and passes over
twelve rollers. The belt revolves at
such a speed as to carry all the weight
in flour or. grain that can be placed
upon it. This apparatus recently
loaded a steamer with three thousand
tons of flour at the rate of seventy-five
tons per hour._
The Gift of* Good Stomach
Is one of the most benlflcent donations
vouchsafed to us by nature. How often It
Is grossly abused! Whether the stomach Is
naturally weuk.or has been rendered so bv
Imprudence In eating or drinking, Hustet
terH Stomach Hitters is the best, agent for
Its restoration to vigor and activity. Doth
digestion and appetite are renewou by this
fine tonic, which also overcomes constipa
tion. bllliousness, malarial, kidney and
rheumatic ailments and nervousness.
We can only do our test when we are
sure we are right.
"Brown's Bronchial Troches’’ are un
equa'ed for clearing the voice, public
speakers and singers the world over use
them.
Love can be misunderstood, but never
overestimated.
rupieri umrrr Tome u popular
for Hi rood work Suffering, ilred, tthwp.M, nerv
ous women find nothing >o suotuiug end reviving.
Modern woman sometimes stoop exceed
ingly low to conquer.
What o eenae or relief It la to know
that yon have no m to cO na. HlnOPrfO on removed
them, and veiy comforting It la. lie at droughts.
Much doing is not so important bb well
doing. _
Hegomaa’s Camphor loo with G1 jreertma.
The original and only genuine. Cures Chapped Hands
and face. Cold Sores, Ac, C. a. Clark Cu,N.Haven,CT~
Society men odd to their popularity by
being deferential to old ladies.
COLORADO GOLD MINKS.
If you are interested in gold mining
or wish to keep posted regarding the
wonderful strides being made in Colo*
rado, it will pay you to send fifty cents
for a year's subscription to The Gold
Miner, an illustrated monthly paper
published at Denver._
Some noblemen and their American
wives’ money are soon alienated.
ONA ENJOYS
Botii the method and results when
Syrup of Figs is taken; it is pleasant
and refreshing to the taste, and acts
gently yet promptly on the Kidneys,
Liver and Bowels, cleanses the sys
tem effectually, dispels colds, head
aches and levers and cures habitual
constipation. Syrup of Figs is the
only remedy of its kind ever pro
duced, pleasing to the taste and ac
ceptable to the stomach, prompt in
its action and truly beneficial m its
effects, prepared only from tfao most
healthy and agreeable substances, its
many excellent qualities commend it
to all aud have* made it the most
popular remedy known.
Syrup of Figs is for sale in 50
cent bottles by all leading drug
gists. Any reliable druggist who
may not have it on hand will pro
pure it promptly for any one who
wishes to try it. Do not accept any
substitute.
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO.
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL
iouisviue. Jtr. new fork, nr
i
'is?' •
Bottlebinding.
/ You can’t judge of the quality of a book by the binding,
| nor tell the .contents by the title. You look for the name
“ of the author before you buy the book. The name of
| Robert Louis Stevenson (for instance) on the back guaran
tees the inside of the book, whatever the outside may be.
I There’s a parallel between books and bottles. The
. binding, or wrapper, of a bottle is no guide to the quality
} of the medicine the bottle contains. The title on the bottle
is no warrant for confidence in the contents. It all depends
® on the author’s name. Never mind who made the bottle.
| Who made the medicine ? That’s the question.
' . Think of this when buying Sarsaparilla. It isn’t the
| binding of the bottle or the name of the medicine that
you’re to go by. That’s only printer’s ink and paper 1 The
j) question is, who made the medicine ? What’s the author’s
. name? When you see Ayer’s name on a Sarsaparilla bot
9 tie, that's enough. The name Ayer guarantees the best,
i. and has done so for 50 years.
are dischangedTTiave
no u&e for any one that has
not sense enough to chew
PLUG
The largest piece of
tobacco ever sold Ibr
* . .and .
...e Scent piece is hea
Jaige as you get of
oign grades for 10 cents,
' * Ok
mi •
Seneral jfcarrison
ON
Uhe ^Presidential Office
A striking article in the February issue of
Uhe jCadies* jffome journal
Over 700,000 Copies Sold , l j
TEN CENTS A COPY. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
FOR SALE EVERYWHERE
A ffpnie WatlfaH to look after renewalsand newsub
TT alllCU scribers. Profitable employment.
The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia
—.COPYRIGHT 1095 BY THE CURT15 PUBUSHINO COWWV
SB Packago
EarltntVcgctablc
S—d!. postpaid,
•1.00.
V V Hits often seen seed come up poor and skklrwUbtnn
I \ J1^ J sufficient vitality to produce a crop,-that was an object les
son that poor seeds produce poor crops,—but when ydu plant
Salter's Northern-Grown Seeds for garden or fnrin, the scene changes as
If by magic. Instead of poor yields you at once get rousing crops, amps
that will gladden your heart and fill your purse, for 8slser’s Seeds are full
of life, full of vigor, full of producing qualities.
$400 IN GOLD PRIZES.
We par this on Oats, Barley, and Corn. 209 bushels Of SUeet Mine
(Nameless Beauty) Oats grown on one acre won the prise in 1886. You can
l>eat that! It is ifae greatest Oat of the century. No more bard times It
vou sow a plenty of Halier’s Barley, Oats, Potatoes, Grass and Clovers!
Have you tried Teoslnto. Sacallne, Giant Bpurry and Giant Quick'growing
German Clover? Catalogue tells all about these Fodder mots.
SPLENDID VEOETABLE*.
Large selections, many splendid sorts. Everything cheap. Onion Heed
at 80c. per lb.; 10 pkts. Flower Heed. 26c. 1,000,000 Boses. Plants and Small
Fruits, hardy as Oak. Bend fc. for Market Gardener s Wholesale List.
PLEASE OUT OUT THE FOLLOWING AND SEND IT ’
With 10c. in stamps U> John A. Halier Heed Co.. La Crosse, W is.,1 and get free
their great catalogue and 10 pkg& Grasses. Oats, Barley and Gralpt \y \
J2HNA.SALZER 5EEDC? LACROSSE.WIS
STEEL WEB PICKET FENCE.
CABLED FIELD ADD H06 FEME.
aim V ADk Bif ruibini, wa huk.i ahu HAIBIT rK.ICB.
We manufacture a complete line of Smooth Wire tracing and guarantee e«erv article to he aa renr»>
tented. If you consider quality we can rare you money, tela 9g»0 free.
De Kalb Fence Co.,121 High de^alb. ill.
PARKER’S
I„ HAIR BALSAM
ClMBlfl uxl beSOtill*! th« hsU*
Promote* • luxuriant growth.
Nevar Palls to Bostore Orgy
Bair to its Youthful Color/
Curt* *c*Jp diaMMfl a hair falling.