FARM AND GARDEN, MATTERS OF INTEREST TO AGRICULTURISTS. . Soma Up-to-Date Hint* About Cultiva tion of the Soil and Tltldi Thereof— Horticulture* Viticulture and Flori culture ljHETHER manure should be ferment ed, that Is, piled up in a heap and al lowed to heat, in the mean while being turned and kept moist enough to prevent a vo latilization of am monia, has been one of long con troversy. Experiments by Professor Voalker of the Royal Agricul tural society of England, and of others, have shown that the fer mentation of manure, when properly conducted, results In Its decomposition, and under proper conditions does not involve loss of ammonia, although car bonic acid, or a part of the organic matter, Is lost. The material thus lost has a relation to the physical condition of soils and the decomposition a rela tion to the warmth of the soil and a relation to the chemical reactions in the minerals of the soil. The question, then, is whether this loss is compen sated by a slightly more soluble man ure at the time of its application. On sandy soils this loss of organic matter, It would appear, is a serious matter, for It is already deficient in it and the water-holding capacity that it brings to the soil is of value to it. In soils already overrich In organic matter and inclined to retain moisture too much—and these are soils where decomposition is likely to be slight— another question will be presented. Again, fermentation, unless carefully conducted, will result In loss of the nitrogen or ammonia of manure. It may be said that gardeners who seek to produce very early crops generally advocate the fermentation of manure, because it will give them an earlier start, through its greater amount of available nutritive or soluble materials and because the manure can be spread much more evenly and be commingled with the soil very much more thorough ly. Chinch Bags In Oklahoma. At the Oklahoma Experiment Station Farm, at Stillwater, as well as in many other parts of the territory, chinch bugs were nearly or quite as injurious to crops in the summer and fall as was the dry weather. Experiments at the Station and throughout the territory as well as in different states, in causing the destruction of the chinch bugs by the introduction of disease among them, were generally unsuccessful. The con ditions under which the disease rapidly spreads are not fully known, but it is evident that dry weather is unfavorable to such spread. With present knowledge it is unwise to rely on the introduction of disease as an effective method of de stroying these destructive insects. It has been proved entirely possible to prevent the passage of the insects from one field to another, except at the pair ing season, when they fly freely, by a system of barriers and traps. Furrows with steep sides of finely pulverized earth, or lines of coal tar on a well smoothed surface, have been found en tirely effective. The insects will collect in holes in the furrows or at the side of the coal tar line in vast numbers and be destroyed by hot water or a kerosene mixture. Something can be done to make the passage of the insects difficult by keeping the corn, sorghum and sim ilar crops as distant as may be from the smaller grain and millet crops. Green Manuring.—A report from the New Jersey Station gives the plan of an experiment for the improvement of light lands by the use of crimson clover and cow peas and a statement regard ing the method of cultivating cow pens on a larger scale in New Jersey. Cow peas, following crimsog clover, yielded at the rate of 14,400 pounds of green material per acre. The vines con tained 2.27S.1 pounds of organic dry matter, 70.6 pounds of nitrogen, 17.3 pounds of phosphoric acid and 50.4 pounds of potash. The roots on one acre weighed only 1,030 pounds, -and contained 295.2 pounds of organic dry matter, 4.2 pounds of nitrogen, 1.5 pounds of phosphoric acid and 4.4 pounds of potash per acre. The roots and vines grown on an acre contained a total of 34.8 pounds of nitrogen, 18.8 pounds of phosphoric acid and 54.8 pounds of potash. The nitrogen in the vines is equivalent to that contained in 437% pounds of nitrate of soda and is valued at about $11. Propagating Raspberries.—The prop er way to propagate the black cap rasp berry is by sticking the long, snake like tips in the soil and growing a new plant from these. If the soil has been well cultivated and the plant is very vigorous a plant can be made not only from the tip of the main stem, but from most of the branches. So soon as they are well rooted the new plants should be separated from the old stem. The wind blowing the bush loosens the branches where they are rooted in the soil and uproots them. This is pretty sure to happen if the plant is left with these numerous rooted tips in the ground over winter. Freezing and thawing is hard enough on any new plant, bi)t is especially so to one at tached to another above it and con stantly pulling it upward. As the soil is loosened when thawed, up flies the branch with its rooted tip, and a short time in spring sunshine destroys its vitality.—Ex. When washing anything that has a cream tint do not rinse In blned water, bat in clear water. Th« Economical Cow. As all successful breeders realize, the time Is past when we can wholly rely 1 upon the pedigree as a guide in select ing the animals whose characteristics ■ we wish to perpetuate in our flocks or j herds. Not that the law of heredity Is ! any less true than formerly, but be- , cause we are coming to appreciate that j an animal parent Is more likely to transmit Its own characteristics rath er than those of some ancestors. So, instead of studying the pedigree and the pedigree only, the breeder of today will study in Its connection the individ uality, the type and general conforma tion of the animal with special refer ence to their economy of production, appreciating the fact that more and more will the "cost of production” be the standpoint from which all animals kept for production be Judged. Apply ing this principle to dairy cattle, the question is raised, What sort of a cow is the most economical and therefore the best cow? That cow is the most profitable which will produce a pound of . butter fat the most economically, and although it is conceded that there is more difference in the individuals of the same breeds than there is in the dif ferent breeds, that breed which con tains the greatest proportion of most economical cows is the best breed. In order for a cow to produce a pound of butter fat economically (which should be the standard by which all dairy cows should be Judged), she must-i be able to consume a large amount of coarse fodder, which, of necessity, will always be grown in large quan tities by every farmer and dairy man. All of these coarse foods contain the same Ingredients found in the grains and concentrated by-prod ucts, but not in the same proportion, and for this reason a cow is obliged to eat 60 pounds of corn stalks to get the amount of nutriment which she would obtain from a few pounds of corn meal and bran for example. Hence it fol lows that if an animal can consume enough roughage, whose intrinsic val ue is a very few cents, and get from it the same amount of digestive nutrients that would be obtained in eight pounds of highly concentrated food which is intrinsically worth that many cents or more, she will bo, by far, more profita ble than one whose limited capacity will allow her to take but a few pounds of roughage and the main part of whose ration must be highly concentrated and expensive. uonsmering tne general type or tne Holstein breed, Is it too much to say that as a breed it contains a greater proportion of cows capable, on ac count of their large storage capacities, of making butter cheaper than any oth er breed? I was very much interested in looking over the results obtained at the Minnesota Experiment Station from a herd of 23 cows composed of nearly all breeds and their grades, to find that in a year’s trial the cow that produced the most butter was a high-grade Hol stein and that the next greatest amount was produced by a registered Holstein, the two making 494 and 453 pounds re spectively, at an average cost per pound of 8.06 cents and 9.06 cents. Of course it is unfair to draw any conclu sions from so few figures, but they cer tainly serve to indicate that the large, roomy Holstein, properly handled, has before her a future as a large and economical butter producer.—H. Hay ward in Journal of Agriculture. Smutty Corn and Steers. There is scarcely a year that there is not more or less smutty corn. We would be pleased to have the views and experience of feeders on this subject in the Farmers’ Review. Having fed thousands of steers in twenty-five years successfully, without losing a steer from this smut; we tasted it to know its flavor; not using narcotics, or spirits, we found it had the flavor of cornmeal, drv ground. Hence we stacked the en tire season’s crop and let it sweat. We feared spontaneous combustion, but the wind changed dally, and cooled the stack to the windward, and thus pre vented spontaneous' combustion. Stacks, one rod wide at the base, two rods long, ten feet high, setting stover at an angle of forty-five degrees, like a roof, built at one-half pitch. It saved dry, sweet and clean. Last season we fed no husked corn in the ear, with very little hay, thus reducing cost, buying no ear corn. The average steer’s weight was less than in other years. The pro fit equal, or nearly so, because no ear corn was bought. They were fully ma ture, fine, fat and fleshy. Richard Baker, Jr. High-Headed Orchards.—Every year a great deal of fruit is lost by heavy winds blowing it from the trees. This is before it has attained full size. This is partly due to the fact that trees are generally headed too high, a relic ol times when the high-branched tree was cut up until a team could walk under it to plow and cultivate. If the orchard is headed low there will be little growth under its branch, which when loaded with fruit will frequently be bent down until they touch the earth. The fruit on low trees is easily gathered from the ground or with a short step ladder. If there were no other reason for low heads in trees thi3 of ease in gathering the fruit would be sufficient to make it always advisable. No kind of stock should be allowed in orchards except pigs. Cattle and horses will eat both leaves, fruit and branches as high as ' they can reach, and to get the fruit out' of the way of being eaten by stock seems to be the reason for the high pruning and heading of many old or chards.—American Cultivator. Is Golden Rod Poisonous?—Dr. C. F. Scott, Wisconsin’s state veterinarian, states that the golden rod, which has been suggested as our national floral emblem, is responsible for the death of hundreds of horses in the mining camps in the nothern part of that state. Horses turned cut to graze feed on the plant aid it is reported to be so poi sonous that no administered remedy will counteract its effects. Dr. Scott declares that the golden rod should be exterminated as a poisonous weed.—Ex. ' SPEAK AT LAST. AN AGRICULTURAL PAPER TELLS TARIFF TRUTHS. Vital Interests of Farmers I snored by Farm Papers Generally—Afraid to Mix In Polities. So Let Farmers Suffer—A Southern Journal for Protection. v n Agricultural papers, as - a general thing, da not mix up much with political matters. Why, it is hard to say, because the interests of agricultur ists are wrapped up, and Involved, in tariff legislation, as are other interests. Any agricultural paper that has the true welfare and prosperity of its sub scribers at heart would, without any hesitation, give full discussion to tbo policies of free-trade and protection. Then it would nbt take farmers long to understand the question, and the result would be a unanimous verdict for pro tection. The Sugar Planters' Journal, of New Orleans, apologizes because it has "no taste for politics.” It follows of blunders, the government has been brought to the verge of ruin. Either through ignorance or by design, our na tion, which was once and could and should be again the most Independent on the face of the earth, has been made the suppliant of European money changers, and our gold and other na tional wealth is being rapidly diverted to foreign lands. So much for the nation; but when it comes to Louisiana, one of the nation’s children, we have been betrayed “in the house of our friends;” pacified with promises after the democratic congress had broken a solemn contract, and now those promises, which were considered as sacred as legislative enactment could make them, are trilled with and sought to be annulled on mere quibbles. This is more than human nature can stand. Have sugar planters any longer hopes of justice or reasonable legislation at the hands of the democracy? We say no, emphatically no. Loulsana’s in terests before the war made her a pro tectionist state; her interests to-day lead her in the same direction. There fore, all sugar planters who consult their own bedt individual interests should declare that they are done with the democratic party, state and nation al, now and forever, and standing to gether with thousands of other pa triotic citizens all over the state, who wish economical and just government, strive to build up a good, honest party, which’ believes in fair elections and honest count at the polls, and the main tenance and protection of all Ameri can industries. Some Wool Grower* Happy. There are good times in Australia. Wool growing is the Btaple farm pro Tla Flat* Trad* and Tariff. "fiflfc jT^nie Plates ^’TqggersTT’rt - iWade’ni Foreign Ceantr|ea_ __ ._ land. Marketed m the United States during the three fiscal gears ending June 30, l09i,l89fiViS95] Kotu do honds in American TTn Plate Factories, like the prospects Hour dolose u/ha sell food,psdcjpthes to_tiu Hoiu do those. u*ho;rent .houses and furnish street car andiml >ioad .transportation Ito jthesebands} [li ke.'such'a prospect t this apology, however, with such a ring ing editorial in favor of protection that we take pleasure in reproducing it as follows, from the issue of October 5, 1895: A year ago, the dangers which men aced the sugar industry caused our sugar planters, and thousands of others whose interests were allied with them, to forsake the democratic party and ally themselves with the former sec tional but now great national party, the Republican Protective organization. In making this change, it cost many of us a severe struggle, for it meant the sun dering of life-time political ties, but to many others it was really a return to their former principles, as old Whigs. A few years ago, it would have meant Oat of Sight, Where is the Free Trade Donkey? a sundering of social ties, as well, but thank God we have at last reached an era of political as well as religious tolerance. When we review the political history of Louisiana since the war, and remem ber the struggles we had to overthrow radical corruption; then look around us to-day, and realize that after all our efforts to secure good government, state and municipal, we to-day have corrup tion equally as great as that which caused us to resort to arms to right our wrongs. It should cause the most serious reflection on our part. What can we expect from the present democratic state government? Turning to the national government, what do we see? Incompetency of so gross a character that, by a long series duct there. It is, in fact, the mainstay of the colonies. A good demand for wool and an advancing market natural ly make tho Australians feel happy. The largest woolen house in Melbourne, in its latest report, had this to say: "A fair total has changed hands at rising prices, and there is every indi cation that the demand at the sales will be particularly keen. The noticeable expansion of trade of the past few months has led to a very large absorp tion of the stocks existing at tho be ginning of the year, and in this respect the position of the market Is regarded most favorably. A very promising out look is presented for the forthcoming season, of which we Bhall hold the open ing sale on the 16th prox., and a sub stantial Improvement on the values of its predecessor is assured. The posi tion as regards the local market recalls that of 1889, ‘and appears likely, as then, to secure a large addition to the total disposed of In the sales.” This is very cheering news to Ameri can wool growers. Free wool in the United States enriches the Australian farmer. But it ruins the American. Hop* ana Wool Cheap. Farmers in this state who have grown hops this year are uncertain whether to have them picked or to let them rot on the poles. The reason for this is that the cost of picking hops is more than they sell for. The lot of the west ern farmer, who grumbles because the price of wheat has declined from a dol lar to 62 cents a bushel, is a happy one compared to that of the New York farmer, whose chief product is hops.— New York Evening Post. The state of the hop industry is no worse than that of wool growing. Wool was put on the free list by the tariff of 1894, and the duty on hops was reduced from 16 cents a pound, under the tariff of 1890, to 8 cents. But the depression that fell upon all industry with the ad vent of Clevelandism has brought the price of hops down to the amount of duty per pound. In the year 1894 we imported, according to the Evening Post, 8,300 bales of hops, each weighing 500 pounds, or a total of 4.160,000 pounds. These hops ought to have been raised upon American farms.—New York Democrat and Chronicle. A Demount Own* (Jp, For the fiscal year to date the deficit is now sixteen million dollars, and the hope of making both ends meet for the twelvemonth is vain.—N. Y. Herald. What is there that is illustrious that Is not also attended by labor?—Cicero. FOLLOWING FANCY. Ban, tha Up-to-Data Fanpla Bad Fl*«t nra in Wlntan People are fanciful and It is Fancy, after all, that is happiness, and the mo tive which dictates to the world. Some one fancies that the cosy lire at home and the environment of favorite boohs la enough to make life worth living dur ing the winter months. That will do for the way worn, weary, easily satis fied, old fashioned man and woman, but the up to date cavalier and the new woman require a change—many changes in fact, and they seek in the dull winter days to find the climate they wearied of in spring and wished would pass away in summer. Sitting behind frosted window panes and gazing on the glistening snow crystals they sigh for the warmth and brightness they j love better now than a few short months ago and, in no other country! may these whims, these fancies be so j easily gratified as in America. Abso- j lute comfort in these days, and in speed and safety, too, instead of the wasted j time and discomforts of the not distant i past. Ponce de Leon who sought :the j fountain of Eternal Youth on the shores of Florida consumed many of the pre- j | cioua days of later life, and died before : ; attaining the great prize. De Soto was 1 lured in the same direction and found j at Hot Springs, by the aid of Ulelah, [ the dusky Indian maiden, the wonderful product of the “Breath of the Great Spirit,” but before he could return home and apprise his friends of the great dis covery and enjoy the certainty of gold i and youth, which ho believed he had in his grasp he fell a victim to the mlasml of the Great River and found a grave in its muddy depths. To-day the seeker after health simply boards one of the | magnificent trains of the Missouri Pa- i clflc System, and after something to! I eat and a nap, wakes up to find himself | in this delightful winter Resort, ready to embrace health which seems- to be | Invariably renewed by the magic of the air and water. In De Soto's time the secret of the Fountain of Life was sedu lously guarded by the savages, but now a hospitable people opens its arms to receive the tourist whether his quest be for health or amusement. Fancy some times tires •of Hot Springs, strange as it may seem, but Fancy says “the fields beyond are greener" and the climate of San Antonio is more desirable and thus another ride in another palace, and new scenes and new faces please the eye and satisfy the restless cravings of this master of man. Thus from the Father of Waters to the waves which wash the western shore of this great country the tourist is led by a whim, but moBt de lightedly captive. Mexico has been described as the Egypt of the new world, and the comparison is fitting, and he who dare not face the dangers of the deep, and prefers to retain his meals as well as his life, should make the journey to the land of the Monte zumas, and there learn the story of the ages within the faces of a people which change less in the passing years than any other on the Western Continent. This is the land of Sunshine and Color; of history and romance; and as bright eyes will smile at you from under be witching head gear as may be found in Castile or Arragon. Fancy carries one to California of course, and this journey, as it once was termed, is now so easily performed as to have lost all of its terrors and left only a most emphatically delightful trip to be the subject of many future conversations. The land of fruits and flowers and fair women; Fancy can ask no more after this tour unless it has been satisfied for once; and still it is Fancy which takes the wearied traveler back to the home and the familiar sur roundings and the friends and loves of home. There he may contemplate new Journeys and new dlvtfrtlsements, but there lingers in his memory a pleasure he would not part with, and be hopes soon to again enjoy the comforts af forded hy this Great System of Railway which has taken him safely out and brought him safely home and has not robbed him of the joys which Fancy brings. F. P. BAKER. The region in the immediate vicinity of the Dead Bea is said to Le the hottest on earth. „ Take Parker's Glaser Tunic kerne with yea Yon » in rind It to eic.'i'd your expect* I dm Id ab-ting cold*, and many Ills. actiea auu woaknoMMM. Wisdom is the principal thin;; therefore get wisdom; and with all thy getting get understanding. Pnln |a aat conducive to pleasure, eapecia ly when occaoloimu by corns H.n.u room will please you, for It removes them perfcc.ly. Honor women; they strew celestial rosea on the pathway of onr terrestrial life.— Hoite. _ Pino’s Cure for Consumption is an A No. 1 Asthma medicine.—W. K. Williams, An tioch, Ills., April 11,1894. Bearing up under trouble and distress is all well enough, Lut many prefer to Leer up. UililliUttl ft Get rid at once of the stinging, festering smart of BURNS os SCALDS or else they’ll leave ugly scars. Read directions and use iST. JACOBS OIL. iiminiinnnt 1V+vtvVVTVvTTfrTVTTVfVttvtvvi Timely Warning. The great success of the chocolate preparations of the house of Walter Baker & Co. (established in 1780) has led to the placing on the market &0many misleading and unscrupulous imitations r<>f their name, labels, and wrappers. Walter j& Baker & Co. are the eldest and largest manu* m, facturers of pure and high-grade Cocoas and Chocolates on this continent. No chemieals are used in their manufactures. Consumers should ask for, and be 'sure that - -A 1 :■ "V they get, the genuine waiter eager & oo.a gooae. WALTER BAKER & CO., Limited, , DORCHESTER. MASS. :• ) ■ ■ & Catarrh Cam Hat Ba Cared With local application* a* they ana* not reach the seat of the disease. Ca tarrh Is a blood or constitutional dis ease, and In order to cure It you must take Internal remedies. Hall's Catarrh Cur* Is'taken Internally, and acts di rectly on the blood and' mucous sur* faces. Hall's Catsrrh Cure Is not t. quack medicine. It was prescribed by one of the best physicians in this coun try for years, and Is a regular prescrip tion. It Is composed of the best tonics known, combined with the best blood purifiers, acting directly on thr mucous surfaces. The perfect combination of the two Ingredients Is what produces such wonderful results in curing Ca» tarrh. 8end for testimonials, free. T. 3. CHENEY & CO., Prop*., fV ; Toledo, O. Bold by druggists; price, 75c. •-.« .>>3 Hall's Family PUla. 25c. ' r Jtew Form of Blond Poisoning. A 4-months-old infant. Maria Care gJtta del Domino, died at Now York recently from convulsions and septicae mia, a form of blood poisoning., Not long ago the parents of the little one, as la the custom of Italians,''" had the ears of the child pierced for ring*. Af ter the operation a piece of 'lino groan floss was run through the ear and fast ened, so that the hole should not'prow together. The dye in the piece^of floas, it ia believed, caused the blood poison* ^_— ■ * "Hannon** Hagie Oora Balve,** % . WerroMed to ears or money nfoaded, Ata (MB dngsletlmla Friesl*oeote. ■ 'jt . . Opera In London. • h A uw house for Italian Opera is'to be built in London on the site of Her Majesty’s theater in llaymarket, which was torn down some yeani’ugo. Marcus Mayer is to be manager and J. H. Me pleson operatic director. Mayer saya the new Imperial Opera Company, lim ited, will have a capital of $1,7(10,000, and will produce Italian opera and send their company each year on an Ameri can tour from October to April, while the London season will be from May to August _ Tun Most (Simple and Safe Remedy for a Cough or Throat Trouble is ‘‘Brown’s Bronchial Troches. ’’They possess real' merit_ The oldest perfumes were thosewecovered from Egyptian tombs, dating 1,500 to 3,000 years Lefore the Christian era liegeman's t'sMpssr lea with Olyeorlae, Cure* chapped band* end Pace, Tender nr Sore Poet Chilblaiiw, pllee.ee. C. Q. Clark Co.. New Saves, OS , 7he man who loals is least satisfied with his pay. __ JPITO-All Pits stepped freebyDp.KUae’aOrsaa ■arvejtaatorer. ilonuartertti*nratnaylas lareelouaeurea. Treathw an.l St trial hotl le frerta itcaau. baud to Dr. Kilne,Ml Arch at., t-ml*.,fa. “1 would like some powder please." “Face or bugt’’—Life. It the Baby la Catliag Team. Sa rara and bn that old and wen-triad iwsaadj, ha Wmtam't sooraua Sracr for CklUree Taalhiae> The Pilgrim, (Holiday Number.) Full of bright sketches—prose, poetry andr iUustrn tlons—by bright writers and artists, Entirely original, new and entertain ing. Mailed free to any address on re- ' ceipt of six (0) cents in postage stampa Write to Gea H. Heafford. Publisher, .' 415 Old Colony building, Chicago, 111. There are at present exactly 1,580 inllsn. . ; of water meins in the city of London. Billiard table, second-hand, for sale cheap Apply to or address, H. C. Akin, Ml B. 12th St.. Omaha Nab, „ — 9NJOYA Botiz the method ana results when Syrup of Figs is token; it is pleosont and refreshing to the taste, and acta gently yet promptly on the Kidneys, Liver and Bowels, eleanseis the sys tem effectually, dispels coldsv head aches and fevers and cures habitual constipation. Syrup of Figs is the only remedy of its kind ever pro duced, pleasing to the taste and ac ceptable to the stomach, prompt in , its action and truly beneficial m its effects, prepared only from tits most healthy and agreeable substances, its many excellent qualities commend it to all and have made it the most popular remedy known. Syrup of Figs is for sale in 50 cent bottles by all leading drug gists. Any reliable druggist who may not have it on hand will pro cure it promptly for anyone who wishes to try it Do not acoeptany ' substitute. CALIFORNIA FIO SYRUP COL 8An nuMciaoo, cal tomviuE. n. mew roue. n.t