jp
t HELP THE FARMER.
SAORICUkTURE AIDED IN EARLY
TARIFF LEGISLATION.
|! --
a-, F«npt Flax and Jute Kerclveil Ampin
1.^.' Protection—Earijr Democracy Contraet*
|h. ed With Modern Bhyetrr Ucmornitt—
||E'' Republican* the Farmer*1 Frlemla.
w
It was the early and rontlnued pol
Icy of this country to aid the agricul
tural interests of the United States; to
'$ give protection and encouragement to
’U our farmers to stimulate an In
creased production of hemp, flax and j
% jute. And this was done, too, in the
. face of strenuous opposition from those |
J'il-X ■ "
protection of $25 a ton and $30 -where
It was hackled. The hemp of our
farmers was never made "free" until
the passage of the Oormau tariff act
of August 27, 1894.
Flax came Into our tarlfT laws first
in 1828, being made dutiable at $23, and
in 3830 at $60 per ton. It \va3 placed
on the free list from 1S32 to 1842, when
it was again made dutiable at $20. It
was given 15 per cent protection in 1846,
made “free” again in 1857, given $15 a
ton in 1861, and $20 in 1870, and it had
$22.10 under the McKinley law,the Mills
and the Wilson bills making it free, as
does the present Gorman law.
Jute was not placed upon our tariff
iiiws until 1842, and then It was given
$25 per ton of protection, given 25 per
cent, in 1S4G and 19 per cent, in 1857,
raised to $10 per ton in 1861, made $13
in 1862, and kept there until made free
In the McKinley act—which wa3 a mis
take, and a distinction made toward an
agricultural product that needs encour
agement. Now, what was the effect of
the McKinley lav/ on hemp? In 1890
we Imported 10,842 tons; lr. 1893 we
imported only 4,239 tons. Foreign
hemp cost us about ore-third In 1893
what it did in 1890. For seven years
prior to, but Including 1890, our aver
age imports of hemp were valued at
$1,546,710. In 1893 the value waB $637,
372.
This tends to prove that we were
PROTECTION FOR FARMERS.
'*116,121,210,
1/ahte of Sheep
m the
United States
in January
, 1892 and 1895
iA *
:.;Dq)Iots..v
v'loomilkm;,
'■■■;'•: PoUariuiy
i 325.000,000
engaged In commerce from the eastern '
||H atates, who considered the duty on
hemp, from which the cordage and
; cables from v^sels wore made, a heavy
- <, burden In favor of Kentucky and Mis
souri, and yet at the meeting of the
first congress, In 1789, a duty of GO
cents per hundredweight was placed on
i loo.obo.
fL3 08,000,000
g nf'coo.ood
000
jJLS&ofiftow
g ISO,000,000
4 ni.9oo.ooo
t 125,003,006
> (00,00ftOOP
g (00,000,003
i_y^j00o,ooo
iso,OOP,000
P 50,000,000
OcaUiMtrtnp
IlK'InStatn
Finance
fi 25,000,000
• kuo maths under
(the ftk Kinky—end
ten inonlli3, undar
the GorinoTilanjj
IheJiofetuMht
•satin under tie
Mhfalorijf
wImm ef Trad* BoIIm.
heiap, not for revenue, but to fostei
t?,1 and encourage Us production. From
*>>,, time to time this was Increased until
the duty was provided to reach ISO pai
ten. The tariff under the Walker hill
In UM was SO per cent and In 183;
it waa M per cant The Mills bill made
hemp ’Tree,” an the Wilson bill did
VhOf the McKinley act gave hemp > a
gaining on our supply' for home con
sumption. The duty on homp was
originally Intended to aid Kentucky
and some of the northwestern states,
and it is entirely without the line of
our policy toward agriculture to abol
ish the duty, especially as our revenue
from it has averaged over 9200,000 per
annum for tht past ten years.
[ It is strange that the policy of lend
ing encouragement to hemp production
should suddenly be found wrong
after protecting it since 17S9, at
which time Messrs. Moore, Scott, White
and Burke all spoko for a duty on hemp
' as an agricultural product. When the
‘ “frontier defense” bill was before con
gress in 1792, Mr. Madison and others
urged, on behalf of the agricultural in
terest, in favor of a higher duty on
hemp, and it was agreed to. There ha;
never teen a time when the duty or.
hemp bore with greater hardship on
the country than when complained of
by New England and her navigation
interests, but no one there called it
“robbery.”
When the senate had under consid
eration the duty on hemp in the tariff
bill of 1824, a motion to strike out the
two cents a pound duty was antago
nised in a powerful speech by Mr.
Johnson of Kentucky—a Jackson
democrat—who subsequently ran for
vice-president on the democratic
ticket. Mr. Van Buren (democrat)
also opposed the motion. He said ho
"was in favor of increasing the duty
on hemp with a view of affording pro
tection to its cultivation in this coun
try." (Annals of congress, ISth, 1st,
page GDI.)
i Mr. Talbot of Kentucky claimed that
it had always been our policy to aid
cotton, sugar and tobacco as agricul
1 tural products, and hemp was also en
1 titled to encouragement for the same
reason. Mr. Eaton (democrat) con
i tended “for such a degree of protection
f on hemp as would encourage its domes
tic growth without amounting to a pro
hibition. He thought the only ques
tion in relation to the bill was, whether
we were willing to rely upon foreign
nations for the necessaries of life, or
whether we were to produce them for
ourselves." (Annal» of congress, 18th,
1st, page G14.)
Mr. Dickerson (democrat) said: “He
had no doubt that it was to the Interest
of the country to encourage the growth
of hemp, and every article which could
1
| be produced with ease in our own conn
| try and by our own people ought to be
| encouraged.” (Annals of congress,
I 18th, 1st, page 015.)
Clothing the Naked.
The renewal of activity in our fac
tories and workshops during the past
few months may not inaptly bo re
garded as a clothing of the naked. For
gvengitli Mpiiiiicrlzeft Trilby.
a couple of years past a large propor
tion of the population has not been
able to do this for Itself or to its entire
satisfaction. The reason is well
known. By an unnatural freak the
freetraders were elected to congres
sional control. They at once proceeded
to threaten the country with absolute
ruin, very effectively distributing their
object lessons.
Factory after factory was closed,
hand after hand was turned idle upon
the streets, but few of them, compara
tively, with any financial resources or
means of sustenance. Those were not
days for replenishing wardrobes.
Quite the contrary. They were leisure
days, days of enforced idleness when
there was ample time and abundant
opportunity to overhaul the wardrobe.
Garments that had been thrown away
in garret or cellar were brought back
for further use. Such were mended
that could be mended, while others
served for the construction of Cleve
land badges.
Tnoce were not the days for buying
new clothes. They were the days of
enforced economy; the days of rags and
tatters, owing to the open threat for
absolute free trade for the United
States. Those mending days, how
ever, have partly passed away with'the
passage of a partly protective tariff.
The free-traders were prevonted from
carrying out their wild schemes and
the people Indorsed this restriction In
the fall of 1894, just as soon as they
had a chance to place themselves on
record at the polls. Business tnended
at once and our factories have since
been busy In clothing the naked—
those who had been compelled to patch
up their rags and tatters and make
Cleveland badges, but who are now re
plenishing their wardrobe Just as
quickly as they earn money enough to
pay for new clothes'.
Itewnra of tha Enr*raj.
Tho Reform Club or the Tariff Re
form Club, more properly tho Free
Trade Club, of Now York, baa for
years fought American interests and
American prosperity by the assistance
of the importing classes. Recently
this organization has devoted consider
able effort to the currency question,
and some of tfce matter issued has
found its way into protection republic
an newspapers. With an entering
wedge to tho columns of republican
newspapers, this free-trade organiza
tion has naturally gone back to the ad
vocacy of the "policy of destruction”—
namely, free-trade. Scrutinize every
paragraph received from this agent of
foreign interests. It is not safe to use
matter that is issued by the Reform
Club upon any subject.
Good for England.
For tho quarter ended June 39, 1S9'».
the exports from Huddersfield to the
United States show an increase of
value over the corresponding quarter
of 1S94 of more than 210 per cent. The
total value of exports for tho first half
of 1S95 Is In excess of the same period*
of 1894 by more than 1C2 per cent.
Talcing the year 1S93, which may be
considered a normal period under the
; tarilf act of 1890, as contrasted with
the deptles8ion of 1894, It Is found that
the exports for tho half year ended
June 30, 1895, exceed In value those of
the like period for 1893 by about 41 per
cent—Textile Mercury, England. 1
(t
J .
FAEM AND GrAEDEN.
MATTERS Oh INTEREST TO
AGRICULTURISTS.
Some Cp-to-Date Hints About Cultlra
tlon of the Soil and Yields Thereof— 1
Horticulture, Viticulture and Flori* I
culture.
HE comparison of
new and standard
varieties of wheat
begun by the Penn
sylvania State Col
lege Agricultural
Experiment Station ,
^ in 1390 has been
J' continued through
the present season.
They were grown
under as nearly
similar conditions of soil, exposure, fer
tilisers, drainage, culture, etc., as possi
ble, and the yields reported below are
from careful weights of the products
of the different plots made at the time
of threshing.
The plots were one-twentieth acre In
size. The land was plowed early In
August to a depth of six or seven
Inches, thoroughly pulverized and
firmed. All varieties sown Sept. 1, at
the rate of seven pecks per acre.
Yield of Wheat Varieties 1895.
average yield
Name of Variety.
Grain
Yield
per A.
Reliable.,.34.20
Fulcaster...’.’..29 00
Valley.27.80
Ontario Wonder . 2019
Wyandotte Red .!2s!l3
Delta Long-berry Red....25.45
Currel’s Prolific. 27 67
Fult* .'•.”33.35
Mealy .36.36
Democrat .30.67
Extra Early Oakley. 29 84
Thelss .25;9e
F.inley .32.42
German Emperor .29.42
Red Fultz .29.52
Mediterranean.. 23^48
£®,tz.30.51
.28.96
Raub’s Black Prolific ... .21.34
Sibley’s New Golden ....22.25
McGhee’s Red .31.23
Delhi Mediterranean ....23 35
Tuscan Island.28.51
Improved Rice.27 90
Velvet Chaff .] ‘l6.92
Miller’s Prolific ..28.29
Royal Australian .33.48
Canada Wonder ..26.77
The Pool.28.74
Jones’ Square Head .....32.44
American Bronze.32.45
Ruby ...
Jones’ Winter Fife.27.09
Miami Valley .32.72
Egyptian ..30.63
Oregon .29.04
Witter . 20.00
Roumanla .27.33
Wicks.27.95
Sheriff . 29.09
Lebanon .25.33
Earliest of All .26.82
Dale .22.21
Tasmanian Red.19.07
for six years.
1895. 1890-95.
Grain
Yield
per A.
Bus.
33.59
30.91
30.69
30.16
30.13
30.09
30.01
28.90
28.64
28.63
28.59
28.54
~~ 28.48
28.23
28.21
28.19
27.71
27.38
27.12
26.95
26.97
26.74
26.61
24.40
23.97
23.30
1893-95.
31.09
30.94
29.90
29.82
29.55
29.50
28.44
1S94-95.
30.73
30.63
29.23
29.13
25.20
28.12
27.19
27.07
25.96
25.11
24.10
Twenty-six of the varieties have been
grown side by side for the past six
years. Seven of these have been under
trial for three consecutive years and
the trial with eleven sorts covers two
years.
In 1895, the Mealy, a smooth red
wheat, produced 36.36 bushels per acre, !
the largest yield of any variety tested. !
Following this variety in the order of
their production are: Reliable 34.2,
Royal Australian 33.5, Miami Valley
32.7, American Bronze 32.45 and Jones’
Square Head 32.44.
A far safer measure of the value of
the varieties tested will be found in
the column showing the average yield
for the past six years. This column
shows that seven varieties have given
an average yield of over thirty bushels
per acre, viz., Reliable 33.6 bushels,
Fulcaster 30.9, Valley 30.7, Ontario
Wonder 30.2, Wyandotte Red 30.1, Deltz !
Longberry Red 30.1, Currel’s Prolific 30. j
It will be observed that Mealy, the
variety giving the largest yield this
year is not included in the seven most !
productive sorts, which forcibly illus- i
trates the danger of forming a Judg- i
ment of the value of a variety from the '
results of a single season. 1
Cotton In Spain.
In Spain more men are employed in
the cotton industry than in any other,
except agriculture. This fact is brought
out in a report on the Spanish cotton
Industry recently made to the state
department by Consul Bowen cf Bar
celona. It appears that in thread
alone there are 3,000,000 spindles, §io,
000,000 capital invested, 34,866 work
men. In white woven cotton goods
there ere large exports from Barce
lona. Ten thousand workmen are em
ployed in cotton thread lace manu
factures near Barcelona, and 38,000 are
at work in other parts of Spain. In
dyed and stamped cotton factories
there are 10,634 looms and 32,000 work
men employed, producing 48,800,000
meters of cloth. Cuba and Puerto
Rico received the most of this. The
total number of spindles in Spain em
ployed in cotton work's is 2,614,500, and
the cumber of looms is 6S.300, with a
total capital of $60,000,000. Cotton
thread workmen are paid by the piece,
Its are also the weavers. The average
wages paid per week are as follbws:
Directors and superintendents, from
$12 to $25; major-domos, $8 to $10;
machinists. $4 to $16; ilrcmen, $3 to $6;
thread workers and weavers, $4.75 to
$6: carpenters, $4.75 O $6; ordinary
workmen, $3 to $4. The average work
man’s wages in Barcelona and vicinity
are less than 70 cents a day. The most
of the cotton that comes to Spain Is
from the United States, and accounts
to about $15,000,000 each year. Con
siderable cotton, however, also comes
from Egypt. While Spain is poor, the
consul says, the province of Barcelona
is rich.
Carious Trees.
The largest orange tree in the south
is a gigantic specimen which grows out
of the rich soil in Terre Bonne pari: ii,
Louisiana. It is fifty feet high and fif
teen feet in circumference at the base.
Its yield has often been ten thousand
oranges per season.
The “tallow tree” of China has a
pith from one inch to two feet in di
f“meter, according to the size of the
fee, which is composed of a greasy
ax which is so highly volatile that
it often catches fire spontaneously,
consuming the tree to the very ends of
its roots.
The largest oak tree now left stand
ing in England is “Cowthorp’s oak,”
which is seventy-eight feet in circum
ference at the ground. The oldest tree
in Britain is “Parliamentary oak,”
in-Clipstone park, London, which is
known to be .fifteen hundred years old.
The largest apple tree in New York
state is said to bo one standing near
the town of Wilson. It was^fented in
the year of 1815, and it is on record that
it once yielded thirty-three barrels of
apples in a single season.
There are four hundred and thirteen
species of trees found growing within
the limits of the United States. The'
curiosity of the whole lot is the black
ironwood of Florida, which is thirty
per cent heavier than water. Well
dried black ironwood will sink in water
almost as quickly as will a bar of lead.
The “life tree” of Jamaica is harder
to kill than any other species of wood
growth known to arboriculturists. It
continues to grow and thrive for
months after being uprooted and ex
posed to the sun.
Picking and Packing of Poaches.
There Is almost as much importance
in the picking and packing of peaches
as in growing them. They must be
handled with the greatest of care in
order to avoid heavy losses. If they'
are to be shipped, they must be picked
as soon as colored and before they be
come soft. Handle the fruit as litttle
as possible. It should be placed, when
picked, in the receptacle that is to con
tain it until ready to ship. If peaches
are roughly tumbled from one basket
to another, they will become* bruised
and decay rapidly. When packed for
shipment the fruit should be carefully
graded, according to size, degree of
ripeness, etc. Blemished fruit it docs
not pay to ship, as one or two specked
or knotty specimens will lower the
value of an entire basket. The splint
baskets holding one peck are the best
size. Fruit should be packed carefully
and the basket filled up well, as it will
settle a little from jolting. Then the
cover should be firmly put on. If of
splint, tack it firmly, and leave a little
space so that the fruit may be seen.
Mark the grade of fruit on the top of
the basket. If netting is used, put it
on tight, and mark the grade on the
side of the basket.
Evaporating Poor Apples.—It is said
that in Wayne County, N. Y., which is
not a very large county, something like
a million of bushels of apples were
evaporated last year, yielding a product
worth {500,000. As most of this was
from fruit that could not very well
have been marketed in any other form,
and some of it probably was just good
enough and large enough to have
tempted the growers to try to work it
into the barrels if they could not have
utilized it as they did, and thereby less
ened the.market value of the better ap
ples among which it would have been
put, we say blessings on the man who
Invented the evaporator, ..and hope to
see them in more common U3e in New
England soon. They save fruit that
would go to waste or to worse than
waste, the cider barrel, and improve the
quality of the apples sent to market. If
those who use them will stop the arti
ficial bleaching of their evaporated ap
ples, the product will soon be more pop
ular. While farmers color their butter
and bleach their apples they should
not make much outcry about the shod
dy goods sent out by manufacturers.—
American Cultivator.
Filling in Fruit Trees.—In rgply to a
query regarding the advisability of fill
ing in an orchard around the trees the
Des MolneB Register says: If on dry
ground the trees will sndure the filling
up: for throe years they will make
little growth and bear little if any
fruit. But when the nitrogen feeding
roots begin to extend upward and roots
begin to start from the buried stems,
they v/ill begin to grow and bear. In
the vicinity of our cities of the west
built on uneven ground we have had
hundreds of object Jessons dating back I
for twenty-five years in the way of
filling up among trees of different ages.
The trees on rather wet ground filled
up three feet, soon die unless drainage
tiles are laid below the roots before
filling up. On dry upland with porous
subsoil the filled in trees have lived
longer and borne more fruit than
those standing at ordinary depth.—Ex.
New York’s Botanical Garden.—At’
last it has been decided that New York
is to have a botanical garden. The
state legislature of 1393 passed a law
making it mandatory upon the city to
provide 250 acres of park land and to
appropriate $500,000 for the purpose of
establishing a botanical garden, pro
vided that within three years the citi
zens would contribute $250,000 for the
same purpose. The money was raised
at a meeting at Columbia College last
week. The Individual contributions
ranged from $1,000 to $25,000.
The “witch tree” of Nevada and
southern California exudes or exhales a
phosphorescent substance which makes
every branch, leaf and section of itc -
bark visible on the darkest night.' 1
Keep Tour Weather Ere Open.
Fraud loves a shining mark. Occasionally
spurious Imitations spring up of Hostetter'n
btomnli bitters, the great American family
remedy for chills ana fever, dyspepsia, con
stipation, hiillousness, nervousnels, neural
gia, rheumatism and kidney disorder.
These imitations are usually dory local bit
ters full of high wines. Look out for the
firm signature on the genuine label and vig
nette of St. George and the Dragon.
A Soap for Cleaning Silk.
A soap for this purpose is made by
heating one pound of cocoanut oil to 96
degrees F., adding half pound caustic
soda and mixing thoroughly. Then
heat half pound white Venetian tur
pentine, add to the soap and again mix
thoroughly. The mixture is covered^
and left four hours, then heated again'
and one pound of ox gall is added to it
and well stirred. Next pulverize some *
perfectly dry curd soap and add it to
the gall soap in sufficient quantity to
make it solid—one or two pounds of
curd soap will be needed. When cold
the mass should be pressed into cakes.
What was real estate worth in Sodom?
Fall
IViedlcmo
Is fully as important and as beneficial
■ »» Spring Medicine, for at this season
there is great danger to health in the
vnrjing temperature, cold storms, ma
larial germs, prevalence of fevers and
other diseases. All these may bo avoided
if the blood is kept pure, the digestion --
good, and bodily health vigorous by taking
Hood’s
Sarsaparilla
The Oue True Blood Purifier. a
9 <4 «*ure all liver ills, bilious*
UltPtPU » r HIS ness,headaches. 25o.
Waiter Bate & Co. limitim,
The Largest Manufacturers of
PURE, HIGH GRADE
Cocoas and Chocolates
On this Continent, have received
HIGHEST AWARDS
from the great
Industrial and Food
EXPOSITIONS
, IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.
^Caution: Jnn.nV'imi?.u™.
jof the label* and wrappers on our
t’poode, consumrrs should make sura
■ that our place of manufacture,
Pnatnely. Durr heater, M"ti
is printed on each package.
SOLD BY GROCERS EVERYWHERE.
WALTER BAKER A CO. LTD. DORCHESTER, MASS.
Metals!
Wheels
for your
Wagons
fhes wide —
hubs to f t any iKTS -
•»le. Saves
Cost many
times in & sea- ufart
son to have j et Viffitl
of low wheels YS?|w <
tof^tyour wagon Y2*Sg2
forhtulinR
praln.fodder, man
nre. hogs, etc. Xo. \gl
resetting of tires Xjft
Catl’g/tvs. Address '
EmpireMf*. Co.,
r. O. Box M, Quincy Ilk
>ny el re you
want, 83 to f.f.
Indies h i g h.
Tiroj 1 to H In
L
__ % LYE
POWfflaZB AHD PFEJBIOD
U'Al'ENTIll)
The itrongeit una purest Li*
mode. Lnbka other Ljrc, It being
,a fine powder and packed in a can
Jwltii removable !:d, the contents
are always ready for uao. WiJ
inako the best perfumed Hard F-oao
in 20 ininui oa vjitbont boiling. It !■
*|*« best-fur cleansing waste pipes,
disinfecting sinks, closets, washid?
bottles, paints, trees etc.
FENNA. SALT M’F'G CO,
9 Goa. A (rents.. Phlla.. Pa.
PROFITABLE DAIRY WORK
Can only be accomplished with the verv
of tools and
With a Davis
rator on the
sure of moro *
butter, while
mllkisaval
Farmerswlll '
take to get a
illustrated
mailed frejb
Appliances,
, Cream Sep*
_. ^ farm you are
end better
the skimmed
uable feed,
make no mis
te Davis. Neat,
“ catalogue
Aeents wanted
•U-a-ViS & KANKIS BLDQ. & MBG. CO.
Cor. Randolph & Dearborn Sts., Chicago.
PARKER’S
I HAIR BALSAM
Cleanse* and beautifies the hair.
Promotes u luxuriant growth.
Nev or Paile to Restore Gray
Hair to Its Youthful Color/
Cures scalp diseases ti hair tailing.
j60c,uiid4l.UOat Druggists ®
Zachary T, Lindsey,
"srrubbergoods
Dealers send for Catalogues, Omaha, Neb.
Omaha STOVE REPAIR Works
S,ovc repair* for 40.0 o different stove.
and range.. 1800 Doa;l;M St., Omaha, \eb
Patents. Trademarks.
Examination and Advice uh to Patentability of
Invention. Rend for “ luvoutnrs’Guide or How to Get
a Patent’* ?ATSICS 0‘?*32ZLl. WiSHIiTGTQlT, 5. 5.
PATFNTC c#t Qntcklv.—f**r “1W Inventions Wan.
■ • “Ii • W Uni.” £>>/ur 1 u.U & Ueiupany, V45 bruatlw my, f.,yt
**• I .. —iil, 1 MU.?.
'**>eu ansncrins advertisements klndlv
mention this uu[ier.