i iDAlllY AND POULTRY.
!P
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
■ow Sure***rill Farmer* Operate Thl
Department of the Farm—-A Few
Hint* a* to the Care of Live Stork
MU Poultry.
far enough to
Situation. Cows
N A 0 U I C XT h
tural college pro
fessor lays it down
ns a dictum that no
cow is worth keep
ing that gives less
than "6,000 pounds
of milk or 250
pounds of butter a
year." This asser
tion is nil right no
far as It goes, but
proffessorilko It
does not go
fully cover the
that milk 6,000
Hounds In a year are not plentiful
Snough to cause intelligent dairymen
e> accept the professor’s dictum with
ny degreo of cordiality. If instead
St urging a condition where cows thnt
Id not respond to the limitations he
Bets be cast aside, he had advised
their being brought up to and, if pos
sible, exceed the requirements he tm
noses a healthier effect would follow,
■t is questionable It the cow that the
professor had in his mind’s eye is al
nrays a source of profit. This question
M one of cost of production, and that
Iraries In different sections and with
Hlffercnt men in the same section. Wo
nave heard of 250 pounds butter cows
that did not pay, and others that yield
ed only 200 pounds being a source of
profit. In both cases the result was due
fco the men who owned the different
Bows. There is always more in man
agement and the adaptability of the
^manager to existing conditions than
the average instructor concedes. The
professor's scheme of 6,000 pounds of
bilk to make 250 pounds of butter
Hermits us to know his standard of a
Been In Maine or Wisconsin. The
southern farmer, as a rule, looks upon
a cow as an outside consideration.
When he begins to consider her as a
truly good farmer should we will see
this fearful waste of cow life greatly
reduced. The trouble Is not In the cli
mate, but in the understanding and
practice of the southern farmers them
BOlvca.
rronu In Unlnaits.
A flock of guineas are about the most
profitable poultry that can be kept If
they arc where they can have unlimited
range. Tho common or pearl guineas
are Just as good as the albino or whlto
variety, bui when cooked their flesh
Is not so white. In tho morning when
they are let out of the poultry house
they often do not stop longer than to
pick up a little of the grain given to
the flock, and then they wander off to
tho field In search of wend Beeds and
bugs, which they like better than any
thing that can bo given them. They
never grow tame, like hens, but the
white ones are much more domestic in
their habits than the colored ones are.
The white guinea hens lay in the
nests with tho hens during the wholo
fore part of the season, but when they
get ready to sit, they will steal oft and
hide their neats and hatch their eggs
If they are not watched. Do not let
them hatch their eggs, as they are the
most careloss mothers, and a guinea
hen that will raise two chicks out of
20 hatched will be doing pretty well.
Hatch them under hens and let the
hens raise them, and they develop a
great affection for their foster mother,
refusing to be weaned during the whole
season, but following her faithfully
whenever she Is out of the poultry
house. When first hatched, guineas
are exceedingly wild, and unless con
fined In a place where they cannot get
away, they will wander off and perish,
leaving the nest very frequently with
in two or three hours after they are
hatched.
Guinea eggs do not take well in mar
ket because of their small size, but for
house use they are as good as any, and
they are produced in such abundance
and at such little cost that any one
porcino mind when it Is laying on a
pound and a half a day?
Tic* on tiraat.
When It 13 possible, and every farmer
should make it so, the pig should have
an opportunity to eat grass as soon as
he desires other food than his mother’s
milk, writes J. M. Jamison in Farmers’
Home. It Is a wrong idea to think of
keeping young pigs in a small pen de
void of all green growth, till they are
four to six weeks old; it requires very
careful feeding to be In a degree suc
cessful by such management. No dif
ference how well fed, the pigs need
more exercise than they will take when
they have not entire liberty.
With too many farmers, there is a
time to go out to pasture for all stock;
they are kept in close confinement till
the grass has made a certain amount of
growth. It is much better for the sows,
at farrowing time, to have their house
in the pasture field, or on a grass plat.
The pig farmer should have as a motto,
posted some place where he can see it
every time he feeds his pigs, “pasture
is the cheapest and most healthful food
for pigs.” Another thing to be remem
bered, it is nearer a perfect ration than
any other, aside from that of the dam’s
milk. There is no mixing or fussing
required to prepare this for the pigs;
it is ready for them without labor on
the part of the farmer, and when al
ways before them, there Is no danger
of overfeeding. But while we say so
much for grass, and expect so much
from it, we would not be understood
as advocating its use alone during the
pasture season. Its greatest benefit
comes in connection with a grain ration
of some kind; It stimulates the appetite
and, no doubt, aids digestion.
A custom with many, not to be com
mended, is that of allowing tio pigs
but little, it any, other food While on
grass, the dams also have a limited
ration which results in their becoming
veritable walking skeletons by the time
the pigs are weaned. Under such con
ditions the pigs cannot make a growth
that will give the owner a prom. One
serious objection to this practice, it
takes longer feeding when preparing
for market to get them ready, extending
FRIZZLED FOWLS.
On this page this week we show
a pair of “frizzled fowls.” This term
Is used because the plumage of these
^ birds lias a tendency to curl up, as if
the bird had been stroked the wrong
4 Way. It also curls up at the ends. This
la not true of the tall feathers, though
w. (the webs of even these are disconnect
ed and loose. They are of divers col
ors, though the white and black varie
ties are the most common. The chicks
feather slowly, and show a tendency
for the curling plumage as soon as It
Is perceptible. The combs are general
ly rose, though sometimes single. They
breed true to feather, seeming to pos
sess peculiar power to reproduce the
frizzled plumage. In form they are
long-bodled, square and plump, with a
prominent, wide breast and broad back.
The legs are of medium length; the
carriage quite sprightly and animated.
This fowl is common throughout South
ern Asia, Java, Sumatra, the Philip
pines and Ceylon. It is also found in
the West Indies.
fe?
'is
if-; -
t-i.
|
'%
t::
fr
I'
good cow as he knows her, as well
k8 determine the quality of milk that
meets his approval. An easy sum in
Simple division enables us to state that
twenty-four pounds of milk are neces
sary to make a pound of butter with
cows that would receive his endorse
ment. While the professor was about
It he might as well have Indicated a
better cow than the one selected. We
wave known of many cows whose an
nual milk yield did not reach 5.000
Bounds that considerably exceeded 250
pounds in butter product.—Am. Dairy
man.
Lollies of Cow* from Exposure.
In the report of the United States
department of agriculture for the
Isnonth of April is a table showing the
Bosses of milch cows the past winter
Bn the various states and territories.
Bt is quite Interesting to note the differ
ence In these losses. Much to the sur
prise, no doubt, of many, the most
northern states show the tepst loss.
IThe following is the percentag"e rul
ing: Maine, none; flew Hampshire, .2;
{Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
and Connecticut, none; New York, .3;
Blew Jersey, .3; Pennsylvania, .6; Dela
ware, not reported; Maryland. 1.2; Vir
ginia. 2.2; North Carolina, 2.8; South
Carolina, 2.2; Georgia, 9.5; Florida, 13.6;
Alabama, 6.3; Mississippi, 6.0; Louis
iana, 9.2; Texas, 3.6; Arkansas, 3.7;
Tennessee, 3.0- West Virginia, 2.1; Ken
tucky, 1.6; Ohio, .7; Michigan, .1; Iudt
ana, .7; Illinois, .5: Wisconsin, .3; Min
nesota, .3; Iowa, .6; Missouri, .9: Kan
sas, 1.3; Nebraska, 1.8; South Dakota,
B.3; North Dakota, .2; Montana, 2.1;
Wyoming, 2.8; Colorado, 3.4; New Mex
ico, 2.0: Arizona. 1.2; Utah, 4.6; Neva
da, 1.4; Idaho. 1.4; Washington, 1.5;
Oregon, 1.2; California, 2.1; Oklahoma,
B.4.
I It will be seen, says Kansas Farmer,
that Florida. Georgia, and Ixiuisiana
pead all other states in winter loss.
jOne would naturally expect from the
mildness of the climate in these south
ern states that the result would be
vastly different. We are of the opin
ion, however, that the real cause of this
great percentage of loss lies in the fact
that in the southern states the cow 13
left very largely to shift for herself in
(the winter months. We know from
pctual observation that cows In the
pouthern states are neither cared for,
sheltered, nor fed with anywhere near
(be attention and thoroughness that- is
can afford to keep a flock of these fowls
for the eggs for home use. Besides be
ing a cheerful bird, they are as good
ns a watchdog, to tell when there are
strangers around. They detect a
stranger as soon as he comes near, and
set up their shrill cries. They also
serve to frighten hawks, as they are
sure to raise a clamor if one comes in
sight.—Ex.
Summer Protection tor Hogs.
The fact is generally overlooked that
hogs need about as much protection
in summer as in winter, says Farm
and Dairy. They are not well cal
culated to stand extremes of either
heat or cold, but they will stand ex
treme cold better than extreme heat.
Cattle and horses can endure extreme
heat reasonably well, the nog cannot.
The farmer is liable to forget the dif
ference and apply to the hog summer
c'^t^iods that do yell enough with
other kinds of stock, and as a result
loses heavily in thrift and perhaps
does not know it.
In addition to the right kind and
quality of food in summer the hog re
quires, if he is to be profitable to the
owner, shade and water. He takes to
the mud. not becasue he likes mud
per se. but, because of the water in it.
Water ho must have, not merely for
drinking but for bathing, and the
cleaner it is the better for him and his
owner. Shade too, he must have in
the coming hot days. There is no shade
so desirable as that of a grove. If the
Creator ever invented a nicer thing for
shade than a tree we never heard of it.
Lie down under one on a hot day and
study the plan of it. Its leaves are
constantly thriving to cover the va
; cant places and keep out the sun, not
! because they are trying to protect you,
! but, because they are greedy for sun
■ light themselves. As the tree grows
I the lower limbs perish and thus give
I free play to the air beneath. The tree
! appeals to and rests the mind as well
as the body. The color of the leaves,
their graceful motion in the light
breeze, the habit of the limbs of yield
ing to the blast and then returning,
all tone and freshen the mind under
fatigue.
It would almost seem that a grove of
trees is too sacred fa • their hogsnips;
never mind that, turn them in. Who
knows what thoughts may occupy the
the feeding period into the cold months,
which is always expensive.
Drinking Yenuli,
Now we find ourselves in need of
many drinking vessels for the young
ducks and chickens. Our little partner
makes these by putting peg legs in bits
of board to form small benches. In the
center of each little bench he bores a
hole large enough to admit the head of
a large bottle. He sets the little bench
tightly down over the fruit can he has
previously cut off, so it won’t be too
high for the little chicks to reach into.
The bench is not as wide as the can, so
there is an inch on either side for the
chicks to drink from. Now fill the bot
tle with water and invert quickly into
the hole in the bench. The can fills
until the water reaches the neck of the
bottle, when it stops until the chicks
drink it away, when it fills. For the
ojd hens, we like a Jug inverted in a
V-shaped trough best; it keeps the
water cool. Too much cannot be said
against the use of open vessels. If
symptoms of diarrhoea appear, use a
few drops of carbolic acid in the drink
ing water and look out for lice. Lack
of success in poultry raising ia often
duo to carelessness in supplying plenty
of fresh water. Another mistake in
duck raising is I think in giving water
for bathing. We have the best success
when ours only have what they wish
to drink. It is disastrous to young
ducks to get their backs wet.
A familiar bill in past sessions at
Albany makes it a felony for one man
to entice away his neighbor's bees. It
was introduced in all seriousness, but
was killed by a Tammany leader who
amended it twice. First, that each bee
should wear a collar, and, second, Niat
it should have the name and address
of its owner stamped on its business
end for identification.
_
Except in the use of better iron and
better nails, there has been no partic
ular improvement in horse-shoeing for
years. Tho shape and manner of put
i ting on the shoe remains the same, al
■ though there is room for improvement.
So far as there is information, the first
horse with shoes nailed on belonged to
a French king about 1500 years ago.
GRAND old party.
THE AMERICAN POLICY IS AL
WAYS THE BB8T.
The South Is Especially Interested <■
the Cause uf Protection—Why British
Potters Are Pleased—What Leading
Papers Have to Say.
The American Economist: The dis
cussion in Congress on the first tariff
act—that of 1789—clearly shows that
the framers of that act, soue of whom
sat in the convention which drafted
the Constitution, regarded no interest
of greater importance than that of agri
culture. The South Is especially In
terested in that feature of protection,
because her sugar, rice, tobacco and
cotton, her four great staples, stand in
greater peril to-day than at any epoch
in our history, and all because the
cordon of foreign cheap labor and com
petition is being drawn around these
products closer and closer.
Old prejudices should give away to
concrete facts. The South, with a new
generation of men, looking anxiously
and hopefully forward to better days,
when there shall be more capital and
consequently more business and less
“politics” ther, is entitled to all the
light on the subject of protection that
It can get.
The scars incident to the war be
tween the states have healed, the last
vestige of reconstruction—exemplified
in the Federal Election or so-called
Force bill—has passed away, the feel
ing engendered between those who
were active participants in the greatest
struggle the world ever saw are being
cemented into ties of fraternal friend
ship, and new business relationships
are rapidly forming based on the con
fidence which capital requires and
slowly imbibes. A new blood and a
new life agitates the South, which sees
an example in the North of what the
protective policy can do as against for
eign rivals and for those who have too
long resisted the march of progress and
prosperity.
But one thing remains for the South
to do. It must unhorse free-trade and
enter the fight for the regeneration of
that section under the old Whig banner
and the great principle of protection
for home industries—protection for
agriculture, for the raw materials
grown on our own’soil which enter into
our manufactured products. That sen
timent once dominated the South, and,
while slavery drove it into seclusion in
1849 and 1850 and almost out of mind,
history has preserved the record of the
fact. No section of the country has a
more glorious climate, none more im
portant agricultural products—includ
ing cotton, rice, sugar and tobacco—
none is richer in lumber and wood, in
mineral resources, water power and
energy than the South.
In adapting itself to new conditions,
in seeking to attain the full measure
of benefit to be derived from produc
tion, old theories must be cast aside
and practical views must be accepted
The South cannot hope for success by
shaping its legislation nor by sending
men to Congress to clog and hamper
the march of her productive develop
ment and industrial progress with a
political theory that is sure to poison
the patient, paralyze its energies and
seriously retard its prosperity. A
"Tariff for revenue only” takes no ac
count whatever of our business rela
tions as they may be injuriously af
fected by foreign rival® who seek to
control our home market. The future
of Southern agriculture, commerce and
manufacturing industry depends upon
that other policy which can most read
ily be explained in these words: Stand
up for America! Protection for home
Industries against the world.
i
The Revival and It* Converts.
It is undoubtedly true that business
is looking up all over the country. To
no one will this be such good news as
to the believers in a protective tariff.
The great object of the tariff is to keep
business humming and wages high,
and everything tending to such a con
dition of affairs is welcomed with an
enthusiasm proportionate to the
strength of the movement.
But the attitude of the free trade
and tariff reform newspapers at this
time is very funny. Every opening up
of a closed factory is greeted with an
enthusiasm not evoked by the hundreds
of factories which were built and
opened for the first time under the
beneficent effects of the McKinley bill.
Every increase of 10 per cent in wages
is heralded far and wide, in striking
contrast to the silence with which they
have greeted every cut of 25 per cent
in wages made during the last two
years. These tariff reform newspapers
affect to believe that protectionists will
be sorry to see any revival of business
while a tariff reform president sits in
the White House. We would assure
them that every protectionist rejoices
at any improvement of business con
ditions. We would, however, like to
have these papers give us some speci
fic reasons for this revival of business.
Is it because there is a tariff reform
president at Washington? Business
was all right before that tariff reform
president was elected. There was no
need of revival of business then, and a
revival has come only after two years
of stagnation which followed the elec
tion of that president.
We are willing to assist these tariff
reformers in their attempts to discover
the specific reason of the revival of
business and we would respectfully call
their attention to the fact that there
were some elections held last Novem
ber. We would further remind them
that by those elections congress was
placed in control of the party pledged
to put an end to tariff reform. Not to
tariff reform, but to the hope of a re
turn to protection, based on the re
publican victory of laBt November, in
due this revival of business. We
welcome our free-trade friends as con
verts to the cause of protections
American Economist.
Whjr RritUli Potters Are Pleased.
It is no secret that the American pot
tery industry is not in a properous
condition. It has suffered and is suf
fering still from the general depres
sion, but there is an additional and
specific reason for its troubles. We
do not have to go far to seek this rea
son. It is very well formulated by the
London Pottery Gazette, the leading
pottery publication of Great Britain,
in Its issue of May 1, 1895:
“It is very satisfactory to note that
our pottery and glass trade with the
United States has of late shown a
marked increase. A reference to the
returns published monthly in the Pot
tery Gazette will at once prove how
considerable has been this increase.
For the first quarter of this year, and
ending with March 31, the total ex
ports of crockery reached a value of
£223,355. A comparison with other
years for the corresponding quarter is
most instructive.
Quarter Ending March 31.
1886 Tariff.
1886 .£156,lOfc
1887 . 159,617
1888 . 192,881
1889 . 192,254
1890 . 209,259
McKinley Tariff.
1891 .£200,268
1892 . 194,616
1893 . 214,667
1894 . 102,272
Wilson Tariff.
.£223,355
"We believe that succeeding parts of
the year will show an even greater in
crease.”
Every American will agree with this
British pottery authority that the com
parison is most “instructive,” also that
from the British point of view it must
bo very satisfactroy. It tells a story of
increasing sales of British pottery to
this country, an increase of more than
100 per cent in 1895 as compared with
1894. But here the figures do not tell
all. For seven months of 1894, in con
sequence of a strike, scarcely any pot
tery was made in this country and the
British product supplied the shortage.
The early result under the Wilson
tariff justifies the Pottery Gazette’s be
lief that “succeeding parts of the year
will show an even greater increase.”
At whose cost will this greater in
crease be? At the cost of the labor
and the capital engaged in the industry
and of the country. Wheeling will
pay some of it in a way that she will
feel.
The pottery schedule of the Wilson
tariff law might well have been en
titled A Bill for the Relief of Foreign
Potters. It is humiliating to be con
fronted with such legislation by the
Congress of the United States.—Intelli
gencer, Wheeling, W. Va.
McKinley anil Chicago Wageworkers
A significant item of news comes
from Columbus, Ohio, and one full of
encouragement, indicating as it does
that the organized labor of this coun
try is beginning to realize that free
trade but in practice is the enemy of
America industry. This item reads
thus:
A delegation representing the Illi
nois Federation of Labor called upon
Governor McKinley to-day and invited
him to be present and deliver an ad
dress at the great Fourth of July cele
bration which Chicago organized labor
purposes to give this year. The dele
gation was composed of Richard Pow
ers of the Sailors’ Union, W. C Pome
roy, representing the State Federation,
and W. M. Groves, secretary of the
same body. The governor was unable
to make the delegation a definite an
swer at this day, but will try to make
arrangements to attend.—The Sunday
Inter-Ocean.
Ten Years of Service.
The American Economist celebrated
its tenth anniversary by issuing an edi
tion containing expressions of opinion
from the leading editors and publicists
all over the country on the progress of
the country under protection during
the decade. It makes extremely inter
esting reading. For instance, one writer
notes the American production of beet
sugar in 1890 was six million pounds,
in 1891 ten, in 1892, eighteen, in 1893
forty-three and in 1894 sixty million
pounds. The factory at Norfolk, Neb.,
alone expends among the farmers and
wage earners of its locality more than
$400,000 a year.
Grover's Wisdom.
It is reported that President Cleve
land said the other day, “It takes idle
ness to produce agitation.” For once
we commend the wisdom of the presi
dent. Some 500,000 people have been
made idle because of the peculiar doc
trines which he and his friends advo
cate. When that idleness is enforced
until the idlers have nothing in their
stomachs, there is a tremendous agita
tion, and it is a wonder to us that un
der the pressure of the last two years
there has no armed revolution been in
augurated.—Tribune, Sat Lake.
Good for the Trusts.
The promotion of Attorney-General
Olney to the office of Secretary of Stale
should be encouraging to the trusts.
The failure of Mr. Olney to enforce the
anti-trust section of the Gorman tariff
is rewarded by promotion. This is in
full accord with the policy of the free
trade party under Mr. Cleveland’s ad
ministration.
“The Democratic party,” observes
the Dalias News, “has in it entirely too
many people who do not know what
Democracy means,” If they knew they
would get out. It is this ignorance
that has been the salvation of the
Democratic party.
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