1 DAIRY AND POULTRY.
INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR
OUR RURAL READERS.
■ow Successful Farmers Operate This
Department of the farm—A Few Hints
as to the Care of Lire Stock and
Poultry.
E recently noted a
gradual change
taking place on the
ranges, which waa
liable to lead, In
time, to the pro
duction of a dif
ferent class of
cattle In portions
of the country, the
evidence of the
change belngfound
in the Increased in
quiries for thor
oughbred and high grade females for
their rangers, the tendency to feed dur
ing the winter, to grow alfalfa,
and to provide grain for finish, says
Iowa Homestead. This change, how
ever, Is not and of necessity can
not be made at a bound, and
there are still large areas of range
where It has not even commenced, and
where the rangers will probably remain
aa they are for years to come. A cor
respondent writing from Ubet, Mon
tana, reports his observation In the sec
tion of country over which he has been
traveling as follows:
"As stock growers, butchers and
buyers wish to learn all they can at
slung across a bar, so that they suffer
no Injury in transit, are sent over Just
as they are shot or snared, after being
disemboweled. The crates are packed
by the government for a small fee, and
bear the official seal, which Is a proof of
their genuineness, and quite dispels the
fear there was at the outset in the
minds of some people that only the rab
bits that are poisoned are sent over.
The goods are then shipped by the gov
ernment to the merchant or salesman in
London, who remits to the farmers the
sum due, after the cost of dock dues and
commission is deducted.
Cotawold*.
This Is one of the largest of the Eng
lish breeds, and Is the most popular of
the long wooled class In this country.
It Is a very old breed, with Its char
acteristics very firmly fixed. Improve
ment was effected by using the Leices
ter as a cross. This has slightly re
duced the size of the sheep, but has
given greater aptitude to fatten,
smoothness, quality and appearance,
while retaining the hardy constitution
of the original breed. In America the
Cotswolds are In general favor as a
combined wool and mutton sheep.
They were first Introduced here about
1840.
The Cotswolds produce a heavy fleece.
The ewes are good mothers, though
they are not generally so prolific, as
some other breeds. The flock will thrive
under ordinary mangement. They
make a marked Improvement when
bred to the common sheep of the coun
try, the first cross with a Cotswold ram
greatly Increasing both fleece and size,
as well as Improving the form of the
native stock. The breed is in great
demand by those who wish to combine
wool and mutton qualities In their
earth, so when hard rains como In the
night the coop will not be flooded, to
the injury of the chicks.
Studying the Coat of Milk*
It is not easy to get at the exact cost
of milk, but it is not at all difficult to
And out the average near enough for
practical purposes. A little weighing
and testing and figuring will enable the
milk farmer to find out when he is
making money, or whether part of the
time or with part of the cattle he is
doing business at a loss.
It is a great help to any man to know
what the cost of manufacture is of any
article he produces for sale, and every
manufacturer who conducts his opera
tions in a business like way makes it a
profit to know the cost of a penny, if
possible, and there is not a producer to
whom this knowledge is of more im
partance than the man who makes milk
to sell. A knowledge of this will enable
him either to improve his methods, it
he discovers that he is losing money,
or to Increase the business if he finds
that he is making money. A good many
dairymen have used tests to show them
which were the best cows, and the re
sult was that they soon culled the herd
until it was a paying one; many more
would find a big profit in doing the
same thing. Those who make tests and
estimates are pretty sure to conclude
that good cows, well fed, are the only
kind worth while. Watching the cows
and their feed soon leads to a study
into many details connected with low
cost of producing milk, such as the
proportion of food which goes into milk
with the different cows, the relative
power of “holding out” in the yield of
milk. Also the exact relative cost of
different grain feeds aad their effect
upon the cattle, not forgetting the rel
RED
CHERRY,
AN ENGLISH SHORTHORN—I-’ROM FARMERS'
REVIEW.
I
bvhoum, no iu uic uuuuuk lur ^i aaa*
fed beef this year, I would say that In
the section I have visited It has never
been better than It Is now. The range
cattle on those ranges that have not
been overstocked and the grass eaten
out are In good condition. 1 have been
making a circuit of the country for
about a month, over the ranges east of
the Musselshell river between the Yel
lowstone and Missouri rivers In Eastern
Montana, and have traveled over a dis
tance of about GOO miles of cattle range.
I did not see above a dozen cattle that
had died from winter exposure, al
though we had a pretty hard winter In
Montana. I think that of all the cattle
I saw 50 per cent are fit for butchers’
.stock, although they have never eaten
a pound of hay or grain. If we had
railroads at hand thousands of head
oould be shipped out of here right now.
If the Burlington and Missouri River
railway will build Into this country
next year It will be a great blessing to
the stock growers of this section. There
are vast stock ranges now going to
waste that would be utilized.”
The reports that have been coming
from almost every section of country
Indicate an unusual scarcity of beef cat
tle, and prices, both on the hoof and to
a still greater extent In the form of
dressed beef have responded to this un
doubted scarcity. Our Montana corres
pondent sees the other side of the
shield, and It Is doubtless true that in
the section he describes cattle have
wintered well, are plenty nnd are in
good grass beef condition for the sea
son. This is an Immense country, with
Immense demands, and the general fact
of scarcity and of gradual encroach
ment upon the ranges of cattle grown
under conditions approximating those
of the farm are quite well assured facts,
notwithstanding local exceptions.
■ Australia bids fair to become ere
long an Important factor in the supply
i of poultry and rabbits to the London
market, says a writer in London City
Press. The trade was only entered
upon last season, but already it has de
veloped to an extent that warrants the
anticipation that in the course of a
short while it will prove the means of
enriching the colony by a large sum
annually. So far the colonists have
every reason to be well satisfied with
the result of their experiment.' Thus,
English rabbits last April fetched on
,the average 8d. to 9d. each, while those
from the colony realized something like
Is. each. As anything above 7d. will
pay the colonist a good percentage, a
. very good profit was realized, and a
fC large trade was done. Poultry did not
* fetch quite such good prices, as while
English fowls realized on an average
,63s. a dozen at the best time, the best
price that could be obtained for colon
: lals was from 48s. to 64a. English
ducks, too, sold readily at' 6s. apiece,
whereas for the Australian birds it was
‘only possible to get between 4s.' and 4s.
:8d. This year there has been a fall in
the prices, due to the over-eagerness i
of the colonists in flooding the market. |
jThe importations arrive in excellent I
'condition—a fact due to the care that is
jtaken in the colony. The government
jot Victoria receives the birds and rab
jbits from the farmers, and oxercises a
jc8reful supervision, &o that only those
jthat will be a credit to the country are
shipped. The poultry is plucked, but
ithe wild birds are packed with their
plumage, and the rabbit* which are
HOCKS. The face and legs of the Cots- I
wolUs are white or light gray; the
fleece Is pure white, long and lustrous;
the head Is strong and large, with no
liorns, and with a forelock of long,
curling wool; the back Is broad and
flat, with the wool naturally parted In
the center. They are larger than the
Leicester, which they closely resemble
in external appearance.
Inspecting Live Stock.
A new set of government inspection
rules went Into effect May 1. By these
measures all animals arriving at the
yards and upon inspection proving un
fit for human food will not be allowed
to pass over the scales. Twenty inspec
tors are stationed, one at each scale
house, and their work is passed upon
by veterinarians. Thus far inspection
has been mainly confined to Infectious
or contagious diseases, but the new
rules go much further. Cows within a
month of calving, and for ten days
after, and sheep and hogs three weeks
before parturition and for ten days
after will be held for advanced preg
nancy, and will be subject to condem
nation during that time. All animals
having bad sores, abscesses or bad
bruises, serious enough to affect their
wholesomcness for human food; chol
era pigs, scabby or emaciated sheep,
skinny, shelly cows and other stock
considered unfit for human food will be
thrown out and be liable to condemna
tion.
Shippers should be guided by this ac
tion, and forward no unsound, badly
bruised, emaciated or evidently or sup
posedly diseased stock to market, as the
same is bound to be thrown out by the
Inspectors, and in all probability con
demned to the rendering tank.
A Cheap Chirkeu Coop.
The illustration in connection with
this article will give an idea of how
easily a, cheap chicken fcoop may be
made. The one shown is simply a dry
goods box, and the yard is made of
lath. This gives both a nest and a run.
The end of the lath run might be made
of the board taken ofT the box. and this
would save making an end frame.
Many dry goods boxes are longer
than wide, and can be sawed in two In
the middle, nailing the lath between
the separated parts. This would give
a run in the middle and a nest at each
end. Or, the long box may be sawed
in two and the lath from the front of
one nailed onto the rear end of the
other, thus giving two nests and runs
instead of one.
When such a box Is used on the
ground It would be well to raise It a
couple of Inches, on a platform of
ative manurial value, which few farm
ers now take Into account. The kind
of hay.used is also a fine point In de
termining what milk shall cost. Some
times It Is best to sell coarse horse hay
and buy cheap hay, especially where a
silo is used. A study of all such so
called details Is well worth the trouble,
and may cause the difference of a frac
tion of a cent per quart of milk, which
means in time a fat pocketbook In
place of a mortgage.—Massachusetts
Ploughman.
Action of Salt on Soils.—Passerini
has followed up Investigations of Dehe
rain and of Cassa in studying the ef
fects of plaster on the solubility of pot
ash of soils. Omitting his system of
procedure by plot experiments, we
quote his conclusions, which show a
very marked Increase of soluble pot
ash when common salt was added.
This increase was greatest in a moist
soil. Salt also rendered soluble lime
and magnesia in large quantities. Even
the use of superphosphates increased
the solubility of the potash of soils, al
though the insoluble phosphates did
not have a similar effect. Nitrate of
soda also increased the solubility of
potash. This trial doe3 not present a
new truth, but experimentally supports
definitely the conclusions heretofore
drawn by men of science.
Turnips.—Turnips do best In highly
enriched, light, sandy or gravelly soils.
Commence sowing the earliest va
rieties In April in drills from twelve to
fifteen inches apart, and thin out early
to six or nine Inches apart in the rows.
For a succession sow at intervals of
two to three weeks until the last week
in July, from which time until the end
of August, when sowings may be mad"
for the main crop. Turnips may be pre
served until spring by cutting ofT the
tops about one inch form the bulb, and
storing in the cellar or cool shed dur
ing winter, covering the roots with dry
sand. They should be harvested be
fore severe frosts set in, for though
comparatively hardy, few of the vari
eties will survive the winters of the
northern states, in the open ground.
Oats and Peas for Sheep—What is
the use of wasting time and land over
wheat to feed, when in place of the 30
bushels of this grain gathered from an
acre, under the best cultivation, 75 of
oats may be had on the same land with
the same good culture. And the oats
and the straw are easily worth twice as
much, quantity for quantity, as the
wheat will be. A still better way of '
providing for the flock is to sow two
and one-half bushels of oats and one
and one-half of peas—the common Can- !
ada pea is the best—to an acre, and
cut part green and let the other’ part
ripen. The yield will easily be four
tons of the very best feed, cr the same
of the straw and one ton and a half of
the mixed grain, unexcelled for sheep in
the winter.—American Sheepbreeder.
The factory manager who habitually
has rich buttermilk, and whey on which
a thick blanket cream will rise, Is a
costly individual to employ, even when
working for his board.
Turkeys hatched as late as July 1st
will make profitable birds, though for
heavyweights the earlier they are
hatched the better.
GRAND OLD PARTY.
REPUBLICAN TIMES ARE IN
SIGHT AGAIN.
As ■ Remit of Last Tear's Political
Landslide Confidence Is Restored and
Btlsiness Men Are Preparing for a
Great Era of Prosperity.
The brief published summary of our
Import and export trade for March en
ables a comparison to be made for the
nine months of the current fiscal years
ending March 31. 1894 and 1895. Sep
arating the dutiable and the free tin
ports during each period we have the
following comparison:
Imports, Nine Months Ending March 31.
1894.' 1895.
Free of duty. .$271,912,450 $268,025,312
Dutiable . 208,958,028 267,500,618
Excess of free $ 62,954,431 $ 524,694
It will be noted that during the ear
lier period our imports of free goods
were almost $63,000,000 larger for the
nine months than our imports of dut
iable goods, the protective tariff en
abling the people to purchase goods free
of duty to the extent of $7,000,000 a
month mnra tknn iknln ntmnknnnn
goods upon which they had to pay duty.
During the later period, however, end
ing March 31, 1895, seven months being
under the Gorman tariff, our Imports
of dutiable goods were only 9524,694 less
than our imports of free goods. In
other words, the new tariff has result
ed in a decrease of our purchases of free
goods and a very considerable increase
In our purchases of goods subject to a
customs tariff, which the free-traders
and the tariff reformers have never
ceased telling the people was “a tax.”
That “the tariff is a tax” when
framed by free-traders on a tariff for
revenue basis Is clearly shown by a
further comparison giving the amount
of duty payable under the old and the
new laws, as follows:
Dutiable Imports.
Nine Months Per Cent. Amount
to March 31. Value Advalorem. of duty.
1894 .$208,958,028 60 $104,479,014
1895 . 267,600,618 40 107,000,247
Extra "tariff reform tax”. $ 3,521,233
During nine months, up to March
31, 1894, our dutiable imports on
an average ad valorem basis of 50 per
cent, resulted in the collection of $104,
479,014 of customs duties from the peo
ple. During the latter period ending
March 31, 1895, our dutiable imports
being nearly $60,000,000 larger, but
with only an average ad valorem rate
of 40 per cent., resulted in the payment
of $107,000,000 of duty through customs
collections.
It is thus clear that under the tariff
reform or free trade tax the assess
ments levied upon the people through
the customs were $3,500,000 greater dur
ing a period of nine months. The peo
ple will certainly agree with the re
formers and free-traders that their
“tariff is a tax.”
What Free Wool Does.
Since the Gorman tariff went into ef
fect we have been buying very liberally
from foreign countries of woolen manu
factured goods, their value, for six
months ending February 28, 1895, com
paring with our imports during the
corresponding months a year earlier as
follows:
Value of Imports of Manufactures of
Wool.
Sept. 1 to March 1.
Articles. 1894-95. 1893-94. Increase.
Carpets and car
peting .$640,265 $337,698 $302,567
Clothing, ready
made, and
other wearing
apparel, ex
cept shawls
and knit
goods . 472,588 400,710 71,878
Cloth .7,736,850 2,954,261 4,782,589
Dress goods, wo
nt e n's and
children’s ....6,724,780 3,089,374 3,635,406
Knit fabrics.... 352,497 369,842 17,345
Rags, m u n g o,
blocks, noils,
shoddy and
wastes . 329,045 12.573 316,472
Shawls . 86,767 57.398 29,369
Yarns . 428,496 174,836 253.660
All others. 612,004 305,906 306.098
Totals .$17,383,292$7,702,59S$9.680,694
The increased market (or foreign
woolens reached (9,680,694 in halt a
year, but if the Increase for the two
months only of January and February,
after the woolen schedule came into ef
fect be taken, the increase was $8,410,
9S9 for those two months, or at the rate
of over $50,000,000 a year. The forego
ing figures would be bad enough, but
the actual effects of free wool are far
worse. *
The Return of Prosperity.
Democratic contemporaries all over
this nation are seizing with feverish
grasp every bit of news that seems to
indicate that prosperity is returning.
Whenever a mill long closed is reopen
ed, editorial praise of the Wilson bill is
heard. If a concern raises wages that
were formerly reduced the glories of the
Wilson bill are resung. Democratic pa
pers are to-day on a steady hunt for
prosperity .and it must be admitted that
they are finding it. The Times will ad
mit that prosperity is returning. Bus
iness is slowly awakening.
But for the prosperity to return, it
first had to depart. When did it de
part? That is the question which most
interests the voter of to-day. The na
tion knows that when Benjamin Harri
son left, office there was no fear of this
late collapse of industry. Mills were
running on full or over time. No one
spoke of reducing wages. No industries
feared for their lives. When Grover
Cleveland entered upon his second term
he found a full treasury and a happy
country. He found himself reinforced
with a Democratic congress that prom
ised the nation untold wealth. The work
was undertaken. The pall of free trade
fell upon the land. Mills began to
close and employers to cut down wages.
Had free trade been the outcome of
Democratic legislation there would not
be even the slight revival which busi
ness assumes to-day. There would have
been no end to the panic of ’93 and ’94.
Since the Wilson bill went into ef
fect the manufacturer who feared en
tire free trade and took precautionary
measures accordingly, has learned what
to fear and has gone back to manufac
turing, unless the cut in his tariff was
so great that it allowed the entrance
of foreign goods into deadly competi
tion with the American goods. There
have been many such industries. There
has been no return of prosperity for
them. They are dead.
There have been industries injured
by the Wilson tariff. By the McKinley
tariff not a chimney ceased to smoke,
not a fire was banked. No plants were
transferred to foreign shores in search
of cheaper labor when the McKinley
bill was passed.
Yes, prosperity is returning. The
consumptive at times seems brighter
and stronger than usual, but it is no
return of health.—Brooklyn Daily
Times, April 13,1895.
Cleveland Loves England.
When Mr. Cleveland was president
and Mr. Endicott secretary of war the
federal government had occasion to
buy some blankets for army use. Bids
were called for, and, to make a trifling
saving of $616 on 2,000 blankets, Mr.
Cleveland’s secretary of war rejected
all the American bids, and had these
blankets for use by American soldiers
brought all the way over from dear old
free trade England. This was a char
acteristic act of the Cleveland admin
istration—not a great thing in Itself,but
indicative of the thoroughly un-Ameri
can spirit which animated the Cleve
land regime from start to finish. The
whole story is told in our Washington
dispatches to-day, and side by side with
it the course of the Harrison adminis
tration as to similar purchases is placed
in sharp contrast. American blankets
have been found good enough and cheap
enough by President Harrison’s secre
tary of war. That is the dividing line
between the two parties. In every
thing from buying blankets to fixing tar
iff rates, Clevelandism goes to England
and adopts English ideas; Harrisonism
deals only in American goods and car
ries out only American ideas.—New
York Recorder.
Free Trade Frauds.
There is to-day a systematic course
of undervaluation; this market is a
prize which everybody is seeking to ob
tain, and the piratical foreign maker
gives no quarter. The evil as it exists
to-day is only a suggestion of what it
is likely to be if permitted to grow. One
does not have to go far back to find a
condition similar in many features to
the present. Between 1870 and 1880
the frauds against the customs laws in
the importations of silks were enor
mous; it is estimated by competent au
thorities that the undervaluations
ranged from 60 to 80 per cent. The bus
iness was done entirely through local
representatives of foreign makers; no
domestic house could buy goods direct
and import them; all purchases had to
be made through the foreign agent to
whom the goods were consigned. The
government fought for years against
this fraud and it was only after a long
and bitter struggle that it was able to
stop it. The German and French dress
goods business is going the same way;
it is largely a consigned business, and
will be wholly so in a short time unless
drastic action is taken to head off the
fraudulent endeavors of these con
scienceless importers whose sole inter
est in this country is to draw money
from it regardless of how it is obtain
ed.—Textile Manufacturers’ Journal.
Evans and the Negroes.
Governor Evans, of South Carolina,
has had another very severe attack of
negrophobia since his registration law
was declared unconstitutional. He is
quoted as saying: “There will now be a
straight fight between the white men
and the nigger, and God save the white
man that goes to the negro.” A Demo
crat like old Andrew Jackson in the
White House would make Governor Ev
ans think that he had enough to do to
pray for his own salvation. Jackson
threatened to hang a distinguished
South Carolinian higher than Haman,
once, and this is a good time for an
other plain Jacksonian message from
the White House to the capital of South
Carolina.—Ex.
Brice Claims Vindication.
.. Senator Brice claims to have been
vindicated by the deficit in the treas
ury because, had he allowed the origi
nal Wilson bill to become a law, that
deficiency would have been $75,000,000
greater. By the same showing Mr.
Brice has vindicated McKinley and all
the Republicans who opposed not only
the Wilson bill but its substitute, the
Gorman-Brice bill.—Inter Ocean.
No Occasion.
Ex-Congressman Tom L. Johnson
and ex-Gov. James E. Campbell have
announced that they will both be can
didates for United States senator
against Brice if the Democrats have any
show of carrying Ohio. They will have
no occasion for getting ready for such
a Democratic contest. The successor
to Brice will be a Republican.
Tons of Tin Plate.
The alteration in the American tariff
has been promptly responded to by a
largely Increased movement of British j
tin plate to the United States, the grad- ]
ually decreasing export figures sudden
ly mounting for the month of August to
19,000 odd tons, greater than those of
any other month except May.—Indus
tries and Iron, London.
Yield of the Income-Tax.
Inter Ocean: The biggest yield of the
income-tax law tariff for revenue will
be in the large yield of votes for the i
republican ticket. I
If You are ii
All the time, without sner!.
tired in the morning
at night, you may
blood u impure and
kesksSs;
Hood’s SarsanM
saana-sSSs
‘©BA!?
The be:
for
Dyspeptic,Delicjte.Wn,
AGED PERSOI.
* JOHN CARLE * SONS, Nnr v* |
“Hitch *
Your
Wagon to a Star;
as Emerson said,-4
don’t be content wilt
bicycle except the hatj
made—the COLiini
Matchless as these fa,
bicycles have been jap
years, you will nit j
eyes when you sal
quality and beauty of j
1895 models—*100.
POPE r.FG. CO.
General Offices and Factories, HAST
BOSTON, NEW YORK,
BAN FRANCISCO,
PROVIDENCE, BUFFALO.
Ton need the Columbia/^
Catalogue, a work of art/«
that shows every detail of
peerless Columbian and su
perb Hartfords. Tho book
is free if you call at a Col
umbia agency; by mail for
two 2-cent stamps.
Meta
Wheel
for your
Wagon
Any ulre you
want, 2J to 56
Inches high.
TIfoj X to H In
chea wide —
huts to fit anv
•Jle. Staves
Cost many
times In a sea
eon to have set
of low wheels
to fit your wa?on
forhaulin?
grain,fudJer, man
ure, hogs, Sec, No
resetting of tires
Cat!'R.free. Address
Empire Sffff. Co..
P. O. Bos S3, Quincy 111.
$1.00 WHEAT
Wheat I; Advancing From Day to
Day. and Now Is the Time to Bay
The Chinch Brg, Heeslan Fly. m
Heavy Fr—ts and Light Supplies mate " ™ „
at tl 03. T ere is no m« ney to be nuwe•
by knl looking at this great ce eals ^
cents higher each day and not have a
market . . nf ffhe*t tl*
We strongly ad\i*e the purchase o:
present price, m a margin of U‘Ji'!,[LafrW
double your purcuasos as your profit* ‘ 'p0
a safe margin, an 1 the cnances are tna
A sate margin, am —
will certainly be taken on the• investment JlW,
We had many customers who made
W e had many customers »no w
$3,000 in this wav on investments id1101
during last ten days. ,» nji«P
There ia no m<•»*» to made twfc hf|, (
ketadvtnce fr»m il ill to day- *» ? Jonrb*
on». Send year orders In by »l Jr „*
wire us the amount of money l*eP^:* -^n,;of )*
and we will at once place tee onier.« rwr i
telegram, w Iring you at what price the »■».
Ch£TfHither information write us jj'etfw W-1
Bulletin, which ang<e*t<t what ant —».!««.■*
__.... _..g-sesiis ppjvWor*
also our Manua on Dealing inj^r *
Bto< ks. Doth Free. *’. 1J . lU.
Hoom It. Trader*’
Beeman’s Pepsin G®
itcCCT'OKlf
CHEWING CD*'
A
For all Fono' «f
INDIGESTION
—' ..kit#
c %UTIOS-’^Sei!
w rapper.
"Ktab'^S
E7 fcti«l*DA F kA o-’li**
I rum ca::oot Md ;„»*
k r_. . lri'llf Tb. “*
in stamps » «JgS* |??i83»|£gU»
crlslnator. of Pe“"£cw*«^^
--a-—-- r-r*. «a n/ Iff
■MSS?.
PAY V^iriy .urg - - -
M«$ PKEM SB|
picture! out. Moanwm-e. ;>u>r> ^
{rated Book l'ree- r «n i^"'L1“
WO. CO., Sole Manufacturers. -■
hair ‘ba^'V
tert&sses