, GRAM* OLD PARTY. f' , - | PLIGHT OF THE LOUISIANA SUGAR PLANTERS. Betrayed Through the stupidity of Tholr Owe Ilepreiantetlrei— rtio (lold 1U % eerre Nugnhnn—A Niuloiml ICxtrnvn (UM-Mra Hr form. \ - - I'Min In LonWIann. The impending collapse of tho sugar industry of lAmisfanu Is ono of tho moat singular results of tho incorapo » tency of Demoeratle tarllT-mukors. A year ago tho pluntors wore ordering new plants for thoir factories, ontor Ing into eontruets for deliveries of cano in tho grinding season, and counting with conidoneo upon the payment of bounties under exist ing laws. Tho bounty law was re pealed in August, they havo been making sugar at a loss during tho last two iponths, and with #12,000,000 withheld which they expected to ro coivc from tho government, thoy can not pay thoir debts and are on the ! verge of bankruptcy. That is thoir j situation as it is described in one of the most striking letters of the South ern series written by our staflT corre spondent. Tbo Louisiana planters take the ground that the government has vio lated a contract. Under tho Mc Kinley law it was pledged to pay a sugar bounty of two cents a pound for fifteen years. With that contract In force the planters invostod #60, 000,000 in new machinery and fac tories and in improving their estates, and Ihey made all their arrange meets for tho season of 181)4. When tho season was half over, tho bounty law was ropealod, and they wore abandoned to the mercies of their creditors. They assert that there bus been a gross breach of public faith, and that, entirely apart from political considerations or economic theories, they have an equitable claim upon congress for tho payment of last year’s bounty as a matter of commou justice. What renders tho plight of thoso Southern planters more humiliating is the consciousness that they havo boon betrayed through tho stupidity and folly of represoatativos of tholr own state. Tho Louisiana senators woro in a position to dletato torms to tho Democratic majority, says tho Now ■ York Tribune, yet did not know how to make use of tnolr power and to protect tho interests of tho state. A Republican congress in repealing tho revenue sugar duties had not de stroyed this Southern industry, but had openod a now career of prosperity for it under tho bounty system. Democratic tarlff-makors woro as merciless and destructive to Louisiana planters as a Republican congress had beob generous and magnunimous. They abrogated tho system under which the industry was making extra ordinary progress, and they did this so unexpectedly and wantonly that the planters, who had invested their #60,000,000 in bettermonts of all kinds, are now at the mercy of thoir creditors. The two Louisiana sen ators, after alternately dickering with tho refiners' trust and pleading thoir devotion to the Democratic cause of tariff reform, finally allowed tho Gor man bill to be odactod with the sugar schedule arranged so as to menace the planters of thoir state with ruin and bankruptcy. Senators Caffery and Blanchard have a long account to settle with their indignant home con xtituency. Vi hat Will Ho tho KIToet. There Is no reason why there should be an immediate panic oven if tho last dollar of (fold bullion should disap pear from the treasury vaults. If a panic should come it will be of tho gold ring’s making and sololy for their • own profit.'' And,Cleveland himself is their ehief instrument in preparing ! tho way for it. '■ \ Hut the bankfe which depend upon *®ho commercial interests of the coun try for thoir business are in good con V .ilition. Tho largo merchants are in a !| hotter condition than ever before. ^Business interests of all kinds have Jbeon sailing close to the shore ever since tho Cleveland panic of 1893 and the credit line has been well guarded. It is altogether probable that the coming of a premium on gold would bo followed by a sharp increase of prices of all commodities and possibly a stimulus to busine-s that would bo far from panicky in its general effects. It is predicted on tho othor hand that there would be a homo rush of foreign securities for liquidation that would overtax tho hanks and bring no ond of distress. That is a calamity cry without warrant. It is nonsense. American securities are as sound and strong as any in the world. They •re Oven tho best in tho world. If tho country should go to a silver ■ basis to-morrow every dollar due on those securities would be paid accord ing to contract. The financial world knows this. There is no danger of repudiation and no thought of it Nobody on either side the ocean has "v!*y fear of It. The chances are that when those who conspired to bring about the presont condition of the treasury find that they cannot work tlio schomo they have in hand, thoy will be able to see that the financial skies are nut nearly as black as they wore painted. They will discover that there might be wo< se calamities than the passing of the country to a temporary silver basis.:—Kansas City Journal. firewh «m*ii V»*tt*rly larTPi. A Missouri man, who doos not be lieve in thegaossibility of throwing a ••curved ball,'’', offers a prize to any bail -tosser who will stand in lino with two stakes an throw a ball so that it ska'! pass on one on •• other side tary (irosham could rot up a whole row of diplomatic pins and throw orookod enough to mins every one on hoth sides at once. Hig curve is mar velous. —Cincinnati Tlmos-Star. A National Kxtr«vaeane«. Of course tho house committee de cldos that, “aftor a survey of our coasts,” tnoro war vessels must bo built. Alwuys expenditure. Always more and more furnishing for an event that will come, if it over does | come, only because our preparations have invited it. Talk alwut lavish pension expenditures. Talk ubout protesting against a standing army. Talk about river and harbor improve ments as consuming tho public sub stance. In all our history there ■ has been no moro criminal waste of public money than this continuous strengthening of a navy already strong onough for ovory "legitimate need. We think with pity of tho peo ples of Kuropo, who aro groaning bo noath tho weight of military estab lishments which they detest but find thomsolvos unable to diminish. We aro npprouching a similar fate. Year after year wo must add new cruisers and battloships. Millions must bo piled on millions to pay for thorn. Tho annual appropriation must be swelled by other millions to maintain the men to man them. And why? Bocuusc, “we must no in a position such that no foreign nation will dare offor us an insult.” We must have a navy to “protect” us. now wore wo protected in all the years whon wo had not a warship of tho first rank on any sea, anti when our ports woro opon to any hostilo fleet that might have chosen to attack our defenseless coasts? Wero wo stripped of our wealth and commerce? Was our socurity invaded, our grout seaports put under forced contribu tion? On tho contrary there novor was a period in our history when tho assurance of pence was more pro found, nnd w hen the other nations dreamt less of disturbing it. If over this nation is drawn into a foreign wur, it will lio because of a great, idle, usoloss navy,browsing around in other waters, and hunting a chance to pick a quarrel. To this end wo are to spond and spond and novor cease. We have now a navy more than ample for offense or defonso, says tho St. Paul Pioneer Press. Hut we aro to spend $12,0.10,000 immediately for more battleships; and this is the moasure of a time of profound depression and poverty. Whon will tho people pass the word to their representatives to stop this sort of thing? 'What Neoilloia 1'zppime! Tho staunch Long Island schooner, tho Donna T. Briggs, has been char .tored to #nrry shells for President Clovelandffrom Cambridge, Md., to Cray Gables, whore they will he used in making shell roods on the presi dent’s place, and the question arises. Why did Mr. Cleveland do it? Why charter a private vessel to carry sliolls for him, and appropriate a gov ernment lighthouse tendor to freight his own sacred person? If Mr. Cleve land has the right to .employ the Maple, tho Violet, the John lingers or any other government vessel in his duck-hunting excursions or his per sonal trips to and from Gray Gables, ho has a right to use either or all of theso vessels in carrying shells for his private walks and roads. The won dor is that he has not dono so, and it may still be his intention to make the government shell out for the expense. —New York Advertiser. t any Condition of Cluvaland’a Word*. The New York Tribune has ascer tained that one-sixth of all the men employed in tho iron industry are still out of work. Tho basis of its compu tation is the output for a very roeent period. The tost is a fair one. Little, if anyi overtime is now being worked at the great iron plants. There is an occasional spurt here and there, but it does not last long. Short hours are more frequently the rule. We mention the fact almost two years after the inauguration of the Cleve land administration, because the iron industry was among those which a tariff reform party promised to put into the condition of the traditional green bay tree. — Philadelphia In quirer. Partly True. Tillman's assertion that the words “Democrat" and “Republican” have liecomo a stench in the people's nos trils is true only as to the word ••Democrat.” The November returns show that they regard “Republican” as a bouquet ot violets, sweet-will iams and honey-suckles. S« Lontar Democratic. * It is a curious, but indisputable, (act that Texas is no longer a Demo cratic state, strictly speaking. That is to say, the official returns of the last election show that there were not so many votes cast for the Democratic ticket as were cast for other tickets by about 6,000. (Mfi Adopted Grandad’< Hat. , While the mugwumps observe with satisfaction that Mr. Cleveland can't button Andrew Jackson's mantle at the throat, they are unable to blind themselves to the fact that he has to stuff a good deal of newspaper under the band of Andrew Jackson’s hat.— ‘Detroit Tribune. Nice Reform. Kvery Democratic measure looking to a reform of the currency has been an attack upon the national credit, and has sot back what little tide was Slowing in the direction of a business revival.—New York Advertiser. The the Sami. j The medical experts would proba bly sav that paranoia is what ails the ** Ifiocrats so far as financial issues concerned but the country prefers , motor word and calls it stupidity. GROUND SUBSOILING, SECOND ONLY IN IMPORTANCE TO IRRIGATION. Th» Benefit* of Bnbaolllnff mm Cat Forth by the Experience of Toanfar* A Co., Proprietor* of the.OeneTa Nurseries— Their Methods of Operation—A Plain Statement from the Commencement of Experiment* Eight Tear* Age. Benefit* of Bnbsolllng. In answer to numorous inquiries in regard to our method of subsoiling w« will endeavor to present a plain state ment from the commencement' of our experiments as conducted during the past eight years at Geneva, Nebraska. In the spring of 1887 we commenced on our nursery grounds to prepare the ground for planting in the ordinary manner. We plowed the ground about eight inches deep and planted our nur sery stock, among which was a quanti ty of seedlings which were dug the same fall. In order to get the proper length of root to successfully trans plant the seedlings it became necessary to get under them much deeper than the ground had been plowed, which was accomplished by using a seedling digger set to run nearly sixteen inches ! deep It required six horses to do this work and the ground was stirred up as it had never been before. The next season this field was planted to corn and the yield was nearly 70 bushels per acre, while land plowed in the ordi nary way yielded only 35 bushels. This led us to experiment in preparing the ■oil, our motto being: “Plow deep and thoroughly prepare the soil before planting. ” I'.ach succeeding year gave us good results by deep stirring, though we did not attain the full measure of succes in our experiments until we began to use a plow to subsoil the entire ground. In the fall of 18'J1 we purchased a Mapes subsoil plow with which we succeeded in gettting down to the depth of six teen inches below the surface. Our method is to first plow eight inches deep with an ordinary 14-inch stirring plow which is followed by the subsoil plow running in the same furrow loos ening the soil to the depth of eight inches moro but not throwing it to the surface. This gives us a reservoir six teen inches in depth to catch and re tain all the moisture that falls, and we aro convinced that during the twenty three years we have resided in Filmore county there has never been a season when the rain-fall was not sufficient to fill this reservoir with water before the growing season commenced. We have been asked the following questions by correspondents: Q.—When do you subsoil—fall or spring? * A.—We have subsoiled both in spring and fall with equally good results. Q.—How many horses do you use? A.—We use three horses on each plow, though two good horses will do the work. Q.—What kind of a plow do you use? A1—The Mapes subsoil plow, manu factured by Deere & Co., Moline, 111. Cost of plow, 814.00. Q.—What is the nature of your soil? A.—See analyses of the sqil, and let ter of Prof. Whitney appended hereto Q-—Is your land upland or bottom? A.—It is upland prairie, the depth to water being 114 feet. Q.—What is the cost per acre of plowing by your method? A.—As the subsoil plow is drawn by a separate team and follows in the same furrow behind the stirring plow, it simply amounts to one extra plow ing. Q.—What is your method of cultiva tion? a*—uur metnoa is first to harrow j each evening all the land plowed dur ing the day. This breaks up the clods before they become hardened, and pre vents the soil from drying out by evap oration. Before planting we again harrow and pulverize the surface with a "float.” We are then ready for plant tag. If we plant to small grain we drill east ana west, leaving the surface just as the drill leaves it. As the prevail ing winds are from the north and south, the surface beipg made rough east and west helps to protect the grain and pre vent blowing out. If we plant to corn our method is to plant about three or four inches deep, follow the planter with the harrow, and give surface cultivation, run ning the cultivator teeth just deep enough to destroy the weeds and break up the surface of the soil. We endeavor to cultivate the corn just as soon after each rain us the condition of the ground will pertnif. If the rain be a heavy one and the soil is firmly packed it is of the utmost importance that the crust be broken as soon as possible in order to retain the moisture in the soil, the loose surface soil acting as a mulch to prevent evaporation. During the past exceedingly dry sea son, our nursery stock—particularly one field containing 800,000 apple trees —was cultivated once a week. We used a spring tooth cultivator merely stirring the surface, and as a result of this method of cultivation there was no time during the entire season when the earth would not ball in the hand under slight pressure at a depth of three inches below the surface. This condi tion was brought about by having a deep subsoil reservoir to store up the surplus moisture which fell during the early part of the season, and retained by frequently stirring the surface to prevent evaporation. We find that it is not necessary to subtoil each season, but that once in three years will answer all practical purposes. If a field is subsoiled and planted to corn the first, or first and second year, then followed by wheat or oats, the results will be satis factory, though a slight falling off will be noticed in the third crop after subsoiling, (For instance. A field that was subsoiled in the fall of 1891 and cropped to corn seasons of ’9,' and ’93, was planted to oats in the spring of ’94 and produced a yield of 3914 bushels per acre; while on another portion of the same field which had been subsoiled in the fall of ’93 and raised a crop of corn the season of ’03, the yield of oats was 44}j bushels per acre, showing a difference of 5 bushel per acre in favor of the land which had raised but one crop since subsoiling. ' Now we will compare the results on land on the same farm not subtoiled. V(toil*plowed in the tall of 1898 -AI -i. i and planted to corn In the {all of 1893, yielded 75 bushels per acre; while corn on land not subsoiled, but otherwise treated in identically the same manner, yielded but 30 bushels per acre. Land subsoiled and planted to potatoes in the spring of 1893 yielded 135 bushels per oere, while the potato crop on land not subsoiled was practically a failure. This season (1894) the yield of potatoes on subsoiled land was 90 bushels per acre. The potatoes were planted on the 18th of May, and on June 23 we had the last heavy rain of the season. From June 25 to August 16 we had 49-100 inch of rainfall, less than % inch in fifty-four days, and still we raised a fair crop of potatoes. Rye on subsoiled land yielded 30% bushels per acre; on land not subsoiled 2% bushela Oats sown on land which had raised one crop of corn since subsoiling yielded 44% bushels per acre, on land which had raised two crops of corn since sub soiling, 39% bushels per acre; on land not subsoiled, 17 bushels per acre. The corn on subsoiled land this sea son was, by an error, planted too thick. The planter had been used to drill corn for fodder, and when we commenced to plant the field corn the plates were not changed. This error caused us the loss of a corn crop this season, there being as many as five to seven stalks in each hill. The corn stood the drouth and hot winds without injury to the tassels, and wherever by accident it was thin ned out the cars were well filled and matured, and we have not the slightest doubt but that with proper planting and good cultivation, we can raise a crop of corn with no more moisture than we had this season of 1894. Just north of this field of subsoiled corn, we had a piece of corn on land not subsoiled. The two pieces were planted from the same seed, on the same day, with the same planter, and received exactly the same after cultiva tion, there being nothing but a drive way between the two pieces. Thesdif ference in these two fields was very marked. The corn on subsoiled land made a vigorous, healthy growth, the stalks were large and tall, there was an abundance of pollen up until the fifteenth of August, notwithstanding the fact of its having been planted en tirely too thick, yielded a little over 15 bushels of sound corn per acre. On the land not subsoiled the stalks were not more than two-thirds as tall, were much smaller in diameter, the tassels were completely withered by the hot winds of July 28, and there was not a peck of corn on the entire field. We are convinced from these facts that if there is a fair amount of moisture in the soil, hot winds are not necessarily fatal to a crop of corn. One of our neighbors, Mr. J. H. Heath, living a short distance from Ge neva, succeeded in raising the best field of corn in this neighborhood. His method is to use a lister with a subsoil attachment. He runs - the lister ten inches deep, the subsoil attachment loosening the soil three or four inches below that He believes in thorough cultivation, and this season his corn averaged 20 bushels ber acre. We append both the chemical and mechanical analysis of the soil, togeth er with a. letter from Hon. J. Sterling Morton, also weather report from the government station at this point Respectfully, lOUAUISKS In the Himalaya range, however, there are thousands of titanic cloud piercing peaks—ranging from 2?. 000 feet downward. In the limited por tion of that great range with ifrhich the English geographers are familiar there are 1,100 measured peaks which will exceed 20,000 feet in height, and not less than 3,000 separate peaks which are taller than the giaut of the Alps. Omly Until Dentli. A man in Australia had a new and brilliant idea not long ago in regard to the interpretation of the clause in his marriage vows. “Till death do us part." His wife died, luckily for her, as the following facts demonstrate, and since he was bound only till death to his wife, the husband refused to pay her funeral expenses. 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