HINESE DEFEAT
IXCITEMENT IN BOTH
ARMY AND NAVY.
la Blamed for the Die*
|e Emperor Asaumea Peraooal
of the Arm? and hae Or
eah Conacrlptlone—The Pali
an Map Cause a Resolution—
Eniagemeot
keae Pan |0-Stricken.
sepu S3.— ueporis irorn
that the defeats of the
’ at Ping1 Yang and the
Yalu river have caused
ixcitement in China, and
d panic in both army and
•oy Li Hung Chang is
the emperor for the de
Ldmiral Ting is likely to
j. The emperor has de
ime personal command of
i has ordered fresh con*
!rts of the Japanese ad
VViju and Meukden have
nse feeling. The capture
■ place would be accepted
the empire as an omen
mperor is -unworthy of
ction and that such omens
distress are too often ful
remarkable celerity. As
ians about the court are
tvare of the consequences
follow the fall of Meukden
assumed that they would
ost any .demands rather
ie serious risk of such a
from Tokio, dated to
t the naval department
a dispatch from the ad
nding the Japanese fleet
of Chi Li that Monday a
eet, consisting of nine
nd two fast transports,
converted into cruisers,
rch of the enemy's fleet,
t noon thirty miles east of
of Ilai Yung Pao. The
irsued the enemy at full
je Chinese showed no dis
i alter their course or to
L The chase lasted a little
iur, the Japanese gaining,
per 1 o’clock the cruiser
pot within range of the
psliip and opened Are upon
Running tight ensued. Scv
n both sides were quickly
"his lasted for two hours.
transports entered the
r safely during the
gemeht, which was
the estuary and
(until nightfall. Three
lips were disabled and
>ther was set on fire and
everal others of the
hips were seriously dam
itavy fire. The Japan
were so well handled
vas lost. Only two, the
d the Hi Yoi, were dam
reat extent, but one of
nsports was badly crip
pot out of action. The ad
■ not mention the number
for wounded, but a private
Bays that twenty-two Jap
■cers and men were killed
-six wounded, and another
ispatch states that the total
s on the Japanese side did
ed 100. The news of the
victory caused great re
> Tokio, and a war loan has
scribed for to three times
nt desired.
ER RECORD BROKEN.
Lower! the Two-Year-Old
| Figured.
rp.o, 111., Sept. 23.—But one
i broken yesterday and that
inroe Salisbury's wonderful
pacer, Directly, who sent
old record down from 2:09
and at the same time re
own record 2%. This event
issed by 20,000 people and
le most intense enthusiasm,
s second special event of the
following Robert J.'s fail
luce his record. The condi
re extremely favorable, the
bg very fast and the weather
Directly got away on the
i and McDowall driving him.
It was moving with great
il evenly, and needed no urg
an occasional word from
1. He had the pole and just
im was a thoroughbred run
e. The pace was a remark
. showing a steady improve
'he first quarter was gone in
half in 1:04%, the three
in 1:36% and the mile in
The gait was perfect from
finish,’and the result set the
ivild with enthusiasm. The
n of 1% seconds at one clip
slued an event worthy of
; 3:10 o’clock when Robert J.
t off on a second scoring. In
ing heat he had made the cir
2:11 and many thought he
>ace a great mile, even if he
0 beat his own record. Ed
is the driver. On the judge’s
las John H. Leash of Goshen,
■e owner of Online the fast
bid pacer. Chandler drove the
f mate. Robert J. made the
karter in :30, and expectation
b- The half was made in 1:00%
! the third quarter the great
1 slowed up, making the pole
pi- The mile was covered in
The quarters were :30, :30%,
Id :31.
BKY TRUST TROUBLES.
f* Hold • Secret Conference Over
Hatrlbatlnc Company*! Coarse,
u, 111., Sept. 23.—The directors
ivhisky trust met in secret ses
is morning. The action of the
g was kept a profound secret,
istributing company's repro
ves are still In the city and are
t to be in conference with the
[rectors, though their presence
is positively denied at head
rs.
present trouble is not caused by
irt decision in Chicago, since
is been appealed to the supreme
but by the Eastern Distributing
ly, which believes that it has
st where it can squeeze it and
ng the most of the opportu
ts alleged anxiety about the
vouchers is only a cloak for its
lo secure further concessions
le trust
BRICK AND FRBB SILVER.
*ha Ohio Beaator Dttlaru nit Party
PlatfOra Moan* Virtually Nothing.
Pittsburg., Pa., Sept 88.— Senator
Calvin & Brice, who passed through
last night on the way to New York
from the Ohio convention, said: “The
Insertion of the free silver plank in the
platform of the Ohio state convention
does not tie my hands. 1 do not wish
to be construed as saying, that the
platform does not commit lawmakers
of the state who may be elected under
its provisions. I am only speaking for
myself. The convention adopted a set
of resolutions one of which favored
free silver. A majority of the people
might unanimously say they favored
religion, but that expression might
commit one man »to Mahomadanism,
while another might have a tendency
toward being a Baptist. So it is with
the free silver plank of the conven
tion. The vote by which it was
passed, a proportion of about five to
three, shows how the people over
there feel about it. When we say
free silver we may mean a variety of
things.
“The resolution will in no way alter
or affect my attitude in the senate. I
candidly believe that if two-thirds of
the house and senate were elected on
silver platforms, so called, it would
not affect the country at all, save to
create an apprehension on the part of
ithe people as to what would be the
result of their legislation. I am in
favor of free silver under certain con
ditions. but there is a kind of free sil
ver which if continued in operation
will bankrupts nation in time.”
ANOTHER TARIFF BLUNDER.
No Provision Made In the New BUI for
Fruits Preserved In Spirits.
Washington, Sept. 22.— Examina
tion of the tariff law at the treasury
department discloses the fact that it
contains no provision whatever for a
duty upon imported fruits, preserved
in brandy or other.spirits. The omis
sion was not discovered until an ap
plication was received from a large
importer of such goods for informa
tion as to their qualification
under the present tariff law.
Under the McKinley law “fruits
preserved in spirits,” were subject to
a duty of 35 per cent ad valorem. The
question as to the classification of
these goods under present conditions
has not yet been determined. It is
probable, however, that the depart
ment will decide the best way out of
the dilemma is to assess duty on the
spirits and the fruits subsequently ac
cording to the rate provided for each
in the tariff act The preserving of
fruit in this manner is an extensive
industry and. the importations of such
fruits, especially brandied peaches, is
very heavy. In case the department
decides to assess duty on the spirits
as well as on the fruits, the duty will
be higher than it was under the old
law.
MME. FURSCH-MADI DEAD.
The Noted Dramatic Soprano Fatses
Away In New Jersey.
New York, Sept. 22.—A dispatch
received at the Metropolitan opera
house to-day announces the death of
Madame Fursch-Madi, the noted
dramatic soprano, at Warrenville,
Somerset county, N. J.
Mme. Fursch-Madi was of French
descent. For several decades she
had been a great favorite in London
and the continent, though in the last
few years her voice was not all
of what it formally was. She
made her first visit to America with
the Mapleson Opera company in 1882,
and during the next eight years made
several return trips with pronounced
success. She sang in the Royal Italian
opera at London for several sea
sons and also gained much prominence
and distinction in concert and orato
rio work. She appeared frequently
at the concerts of the London Phil
harmonic society. About three years
ago she decided to locate permanent
ly in America and established a school
in New York citv.
FORCED MORTGAGES.
Resident! of a Now Fork Town Hold
•80,000 Worth on Missouri Property.
Middletown, N. Y.. Sept. 22.—John
M. Quackenbush of Warwick has been
acting as an agent for I. H. Atter
bury of Maysville, Dekalb county,
Mo., for the past five years in the sale
of mortgages. It has just been dis
covered that the mortgages were
forged. Residents of Warwick
have been victimized to the
amount of 880,01)0. As soon
as it became known that
the mortgages were worthless de
mands were made on Quackenbush
which he was unable to meet. M. N.
Kane has begun suit against him to
recover $15,000 for a client who holds
that amount of fraudulent paper.
Quackenbush claims that he has been
innocent of any wrong doing, and
that he has acted in good faith. As a
proof of this he says he holds $30,000
worth of worthless mortgages. At
terbury, it is said, has gone to South
Africa.
THE SUGAR TRUST WINS.
Injunction to Prevent the Transaction of
Business In Mtuachaifltti Denied.
Boston, Mass., Sept. 22.—In the
supreme judicial court to-day Judge
Barker handed down his decision
on the application of Attorney Gen
eral Knowlton to grant a temporary
injunction against the American Su
gar Refining company, restraining it
from doing business in this state un
til it should have made its official re
turn of business transacted during
the past year. A temporary injunc
tion was denied but as the decision
has not been placed on rocord as yet
the reasons the judge gives for his
action cannot be ascertained.
STATE OF/lCES ENTERED.
Burglars Try to Bob the Missouri Treas
urer and Auditor at Moon.
Jefferson City, Mo., Sept. 23.—
Some time between 12 and 1:15 o'clock
to-day burglars forced an entrance
into the state treasurer's and audit- j
or’s offices at the capltoL As the
vaults were closed they did not secure
anything of value.
The town is overrun with tramps
and hobos and some of them are sup-'
posed to have tried to better their
fortunes at the state's ezpehse. I
CUBRENCY QUESTION.
MR. ECKLES TALKS TO THE
OHIO BANKERS.
Duitroii Financial Theorlea Discussed
—He Declares That the I*resent Bank*
Inr System le the Beet That Can Be De
vised and Which Can Only Be Chanced
When Circumstances Render It Neces
sary—No Sentiment In Economy.
Ecklea on the Currency.
Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 21.— Among
the speakers to-day at the fourth an
nual convention of the Ohio Bankers’
association was Comptroller of the
Currency James II. Eckels. After re
viewing the history of the national
banks and declaring that the system
under which they were conducted is
the best that could be devised and
one which would be changed only
when circumstances made a change
necessary, he said that the problem
to be met to-day was how to secure a
more elastic currency and still main
tain it solely upon bonds deposited to
secure it. The serious difficulty in
the way was the idea to which so
many of the people clung that it was
essential to the people’s prosperity
that there always be a large volume
of money regardless of its representa
tion of intrinsic value. He then said:
“Our colonial history is replete with
attempts to make the people rich
through .a great volume of currency
which had neither representative nor
intrinsic worth. It is a history of
financial failure and distress. Later
under the articles of federation, is
recorded the same attempt, Bnd tho
same series of failures nnd financial
loss. There was scarcely a state in
the union before the war but whose
history is marked by efforts to onrich
a people through such currency. If
tho • result of such attompts was so
prolific of ruin to the pcoplo then,
why will they not fall with equal
ruin now? The laws of political econ
omy do not change with changing
ages or changing people, and the
same causes find fruition in tho same
effects whether tho century bo the
eighteenth or tho nineteenth, the
form of government colonial or re
public.
“There is no sentiment embodied in
the laws of money and no matter how
great may bo tho volume of tho cur
rency if each and every dollar of that
currency is not of value to pass cur
rent in tho world of business it can
not add to the blessings of the people.
To be productive of tho people’s good
it must, whether of gold, silver or
paper in the very order of things, be
of unquestioned and unvarying value,
and when called into requisition ais
charge, without the aid of legal ten
der acts at homo or abroad, the obli
gations of the holders. But with such
a currency our people have yet much
to learn, and most important is the
lesson that no matter how abundant
it may be, it win not find its way to
those who are wanting in credit.”
THE RECORD LOWERED.
What the Trotting Queen Alex Did at
Galesburg, 111.
Galesburg, 111., Sept. 21—Fifteen
thousand people yelled themselves
hoarse yesterday afternoon when the
great trotting queen Alix boat tho
world’s record by coming under the
wire in 2:03%.
The start was made in splendid
style, Alix coming as regularly and
steady as clock-work, with head down
and her short, pointed ears twitching
nervously. Alix was given the pole,
with the runner just to the right and
a trifle behind. When she approached
the wire for the start she seemed a
little slow, but she soon increased her
pace. She was working like a ma- ;
chine, and yet so easily and graceful
that one would hardly imagine j
she was going at such a tre- i
mendous clip. When the quarter !
was reached there was a general i
exclamation: “Thirty and a half; she I
will beat it.” From that to the half 1
she seemed to fly, making it in 1:01%. j
The third quarter she increased her |
pace a trifle, making it in 1:33%. i
When she started up the home stretch !
there was the greatest excitement, j
Some started to yell, but were sup- ;
pressed. Alix was moving down i
without apparent effort. Thus far ,
there had not been a false step, a !
wabble of any kind. She seemed to
fairly fly to get away from the horse j
that came thundering just behind. !
As she neared the wire many that !
glanced at their watches suid:
“She will not make it.” The last •
two rods she again seemed to increase j
her marvelous speed, and as she i
darted under the wire the shout I
went up from the thousands: j
“She’s done it; she’s done it!” !
The cheering was prolonged, and it ;
was some time before Williams could j
quiet the crowd so as to make him- '
self heard. He then announced:
“You have witnessed the fastest
heat ever trotted by any trotter on
the globe—just trotted by Alix. The
first quarter was gone in :30%, the
half in 1:01%, the three-quarters in
1:33% and the mile in 3:03%.” The
crowd again cheered, and thousands
rushed onto the track as McDowell
came driving Alix back. Williams
introduced Mr. Jones the owner of
Alix, and the cheering again arose.
The performance of Alix is the talk
of all horsemen.
The judges gave the time out as
3:03%, although one of the judges
caught it at a shade less, and many in
the audience had it 2:03%. Jones was
nearly smothered in congratulations.
Another brilliant event was Ethel
A, going to beat the 3-year-old pacing
record of 3:10. She made the mile in
2:10, equalling the record. All other
events were uninteresting.
a Ktw Type Measuring System.
Phh.adki.phia, Pa.,Sept. 31.—A new
system of measuring the volume of
type was adopted by the United Typo
thetae of America last night. A
committee of three recommended the
adoption of a system of measurement
with the whole alphabet as a stand
ard, a system that would be equitable
to both employe aDd employers. It
was stated that this system permitted
the accurate measure of work actually
done and customers eould be made to
understand that the use of broad face
type would cost more than narrow
faced. There is no intention of re
ducing wage*
A JAPANESE VICTORY.
Thay Do Hot Lom t VmmI In thn Tnln
n«ht.
Loudon, Sept SI.—An official dis
patch received at Toklo, Japan, from
the headquarters of the Japanese
fleet in Corea says that the latter, at
1 o'clock in the afternoon of Septem
ber 10, met oleven Chinese warships
and six torpedo boats thirty-five miles
northeast of Ilai Yang Tao, with the
result that four of the Chinese ships
wore sunk and one was burned, whilo
the Japanese fle.-t sustained no ma
terial damage. The Japanese fleet
was composed of seventeen ships,
some of which were small war ves
sels.
According to reports from Shanghai,
the Chinese claim to have sunk the
Japanese war ships Ambushlma and
Yossina and a Japanese transport,
which had been convertod into a
cruiser and named the Saiko, but a
private report from Shanghai declares
that these vessels were not sunk, but
retired from the action in a disabled
condition.
The particulars received at Yoko
hama in regard to the battle of Ping
Yang show that the Japanese loss was
only about eleven officers wounded
and 260 soldiers killed. The Japanese
army is marching on Wiju which it is
expected will be reached by the ond
of September.
Field Marshal Count Y’agammata,
commanding the Japanese forces in
Corea, is marching with 4.’i,000 troops
on Meultden from the southeast. The
treasure captured at Ping Yung
amounted to 83,000,000.
JAPANESE TORPEDOES DEADLY.
According' to the latest reports from
the naval battle the Chen Yuen, one
of the most powerful vossols in the
Chinese navy, bred a shot at the Jap
anese as soon as the latter came in
range of her guns. The lire was
promptly returned and soon the
Chen Yuen was hotly engaged with
two Japanese cruisers, one of which
is said to have been the Chiyoda. The
other Japanese vessels got into tho
positions they desired and the fight
then became general. For six hours
the battle was waged furiously,
nearly all the vessels on both sides
being engaged for tho whole time.
The Chen Yuen took a prominent
part in the engagement. Her.Krupp
and Armstrong guns were well served
and she poured a hot and well sus
tained fire from her auxiliary battery.
Finally one of tho Japanese vessels
discharged a torpedo at her. The mis
sile sped well from its tube and
struck the Chen Yuen fairly. When
it exploded the Chen Yuen began to
almost immediately settle. Her crew,
however, stuck to their guns and de
livered some effective shots before
their vessel sank
The belted cruiser King Yuen met
a similar fate, being struck with a
torpedo and sinking shortly after
ward. Many of the crews of both
vessels went down while standing at
close quarters. Only a few of those
on board were saved and it is reported
that COO officers and men were
drowned by the floundering of these
two vessels.
After the Chen Yucnand King Yuen
had gone down the cruisers Yang Wei
and Chao Yung ran riground while
maneuvering for position. They were
helpless and a destructive Are was
poured into them from the big guns
of the Japanese ships.
Some of the Japanese war ships de
voted themselves for a time to the
transports, which had not time to get
out of range. It is believed several
of the transports were sunk, includ
ing one from which the troops had
not been landed.
LOSSES ON EACH SIDE HEAVY.
It is estimated that the total Chinese
loss in killed and woundod was 1,500.
It is reported the Japanese loss was
1,000 killed and wounded.
The so-called torpedo cruiser Tsi
Yuen was one of the vessf Is attacked
by the Japanese fleet off the mouth of
the Ynlu river, but for some reason
was not slated in the dispatch sent
out about the action. Captain Fong,
who was in command of the Tsi Tuen
witnessed the fight from a distance.
He says he saw four of the Japanese
vessels sunk by the fire from the Chi
nese warships.
The report that Admiral Ting and
Colonel Von Hannekin were killed is
positively denied, and it is said that
both have resumed their places aboard
the Chinese fleet
The Japanese occupied Ping Yang
Monday. Several isolated bands of
Chinese managed to escape from the
Japanese an<J fled toward Manchuria.
A MANDAMUS FOR CARLISLE.
Efforts Made to Compel Him to Inspect
1 oulslana Sngwr Plantations.
Washington, Sept. 21.—The Miles
planting’ and manufacturing company I
of Louisiana, engaged in planting and j
growing sugar canc, yesterday after- j
noon applied to Judge McComas, in j
the District supreme court, for a man
damus against the secretary of the
treasury and the commissioner of in
ternal revenue to compel them to con
tinue the inspection of sugar planta
tions requirdd by the McKinley sugar
bounty law.
The petitioners state an inspection
of their plant has been refused by the
treasury officials on the ground that
the lately enacted tariff law annulled
and rescinded the granting of a
bounty to sugar producers, and that
the tariff does so operate the peti
tioners deny.
Judge McComas directed that Sec
retary Carlisle be required to show
sause October 4 why mandamus should
not issue.
Fatal Explosion of a Boiler.
PfitE Bluffs, Ark., Sept 21.—The
boiler of a saw mill near Sulphur
Springs exploded to-day, killing an
employe named Ward and wounding
four others. The mill was destroyed,
the loss being $10,000 to the owner.
Frank Carver.
The secretary of the treasury has
tsked the secretary of state to in
itruct the United States consul, at
Hamburg to detain all immigrants
Vom East and West Prussia, Posen
tnd Silesia during the prevalence of
'holers in those districts.
FIGHTING ON WATER
JAPANESE AND CHINESE WAR
* 8HIPS IN BATTLE.
-.■■■■■«
Conflict Proees Disastrous for Bo|h
■Ida*—Oaa of tha Greatest of tha Cal
astlal Tassels mown tip and Three
Others Partly Darned and Beached—
Three of tha Mikado's Ships Deported
Sank—A Henry Loss of Life Said to
Hare Occurred.
A Flares Naval Conflict.
Shanghai, Sopt 20.—The first bat
tle between modern ships of war has
taken place at the mouth of the Yatu
river, north of the gulf of Corea,
where the Chinese were disembark
ing' troops, and has proved decidedly
disastrous, though there la no ques
tion that the Chinese losses were far
severer than those of her rival.
The Japanese fleet aommenoed the
attack at noon yesterday and the bat
tle lasted until 8 o’clock. The Chinese
lost four ships—the Chen Yuen sunk,
the King Yuen burned and the Chao
Yung and the Yang Wei stranded and
partly burned. The Japanese are
supposed to have lost three ships, but
the names are not known.
Many Chinuse were killed and
wounded, among the latter being Ad
miral Ting, Colonel von Hannokln,
formerly aide-de-camp to LI Hung
Chang and Captain Tyler, the two lat
ter being Chinese volunteers.
The entire Northern Chinese float
was covering the landing of a largo
force of troops, destined to reinforce
the Chineso army operating against
the Japanese in Corea, when part of
the Japanese fleet made a fierce at
tack. The Chinese are said to have
been hampered bv want of room to
maneuver. According to the Chinese
version there was no thought of sur
render on either side, and the -ships
of both nations were terribly dam
aged. The Japanese had the advan
tage of the weather berth and so
maneuvered that both Chinese boats
and transports had to fight it out.
Tho Chon Y’uen, after fighting her
guns to tho last, was sunk by torpe
does and a smaller Chineso vessel,
which was unurmed, was blown up.
Tho steel cruiser, Chao Yung was so
damaged that she had to be benched
to escape capture. The cruiser Yang
liei was also driven ashore and has
become a hopeless wreck.
Admiral Ting was tho commander
of the Chinese Northern fleet and Col
onel von liannekin, formerly aide-de
camp to Viceroy Li llung Chang, was
the German officer who was on board
the transport Kow Shung when she
was sunk by a Japanese cruiser with
the loss of about 1,000 men.
One report is that the troops were
landed, but another is that the Jap
anese succeeded in preventing the
landing and therefore the Jananese
claim a victory. It is added, how
ever, that the Japanese fleet was
compelled to retreat after having
suffered heavy losses in killed and
wounded. The Chinese fleet, it is
also said, has returned to Wei Hai
Wei.
It is significant that two or three
transports which wore conveyed by
the warships of China have not re
turned and it is rumored that they
were all blown up with a loss of all
hands on board. From Chinese ad
vices it is gathered that tho loss on
both sides will reach several thou
sand.
SIX HOURS or FIERCE WORK.
Twelve Chinese war ships arrived
yesterday at Port Arthur for repairs.
The officers reported that Monday
the Chinese fleet, consisting of four
teen warships, arrived off the mouth
of Yatu river conveyihg transports
having on board 0,000 troops. It was
the intention of Admiral Ting to dis
embark these troops inside the mouth
of the river in order to form a force
with which to intercept the
Japanese advance upon Moukden,
Manchuria, from which there
is a railroad running to Tien Tain.
While engaged in landing these
troops nineteen Japanese warships,
accompanied by a fleet of torpedo
boats were sighted. As soon as they
were within range tho Japanese at
tacked the Chinese. Then followed a
terrible conflict lasting six hours,
during which the great guns,
rapid firing guns and machine guns
of all sorts were used with fearful
effect on both sides. Both fleets also
used torpedoes repeatedly and fired at
each other continuously from the
rapid firing guns mounted in the tops
of the different warships.
MARY DESHA REJOICE9.
Oreeklnrldce's Viator-In- Law Thanka tbs
Women Who Detested Him.
Lexington, Ky., Sept. 20.—Mrs. P.
K. Hunt, the venerable president of
the Women’s anti-Breckinridge as
sociation of Lexington, has received
a letter from Miss Mary Desha, sister
in-law of Colonel Breckinridge, now
residing in Washington, from which
the followihg extract is taken: *‘I
will probably never see you again on
this earth and I want to tell you how
much I thank you for what you have
done in defeating the man who has
disgraced the Ashland district. You
at home can hardy realize how we
have felt here. There was universal
rejoicing this morning when the result
was known.”
Tartney Renominated*
Lexington, Mo.. Sept 20.—Con
gressmon John C. Tarsney was to-day
renominated by the Democrats of the
Fifth congressional district. He got
all the votes but two, which were
cast for ex-Mayor Cowherd of Kansas
City.
Against tha Whisky Trust.
Chicago, Sept 20.—Judge Gibbons
to-day sustained the demurrer to the
amended pleas of the whisky trust to
the information of the quo warranto
action begun by Attorney General
Maloney, and directed the attorney
general to prepare a judgment of ous
ter against the trust The decision is
on formal matters left unsettled by
the main decision three months ago.
The defendants will appeal.
Anthony' Joseph, delegate to con
gress from New Mexico, has been re
nominated by acclamation in the ter
ritorial Democratic uonrention.
OWNERSHIP OP RAILROADS.
(Tool* tom Hat Datn on » still Bant fov
FmIIi
WASHraoToa, Sept. SO.—In com
pliance with a resolution by. Senator
Pettigrew the Interstate commerce
commission hue compiled data regard
ing government ownership of rail
roads by foreign governments, which
is summarised as follows:
Ten governments do not own or
control railroads. They are Colom
bia, Great Urltlan and Ireland, Mexi
co, Paraguay, Peru, Spain, Switzer
land, Turkey, United States and
Uruguay
The following eighteen govern
ments own and operate some of the
railroads: Argentine, s Australia, Aus
tria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Cana
da, Cape of Good Hope, Chili, Den
mark, France, Germany, Guatemala,
India, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Rus
sia and Sweden.
me lonowing tnree government*
own part of their railway* but do not
operate any, leasing to private com*
panics: Greece, Holland and Italy.
The relative rates charged for
freight and passenger service on the
government-owned railroads and the
other tacts cited in connection with
such roads, are calculated to afford
little encouragoment to the advocates
of government ownership.
A comparison of passenger charges
Ser mile shows an average in Great
ritain of 4.43 cents for first class,
3.20 for second class, and 1.34 for
third class.
In France the average is 3.80 for
first class, 2.80 for second class, and
2.08 for third class.
In Germany the rate is 3.10 for first
class, 2.33 for second class, and 1.04
tor third class.
In the United States tho average
charge is 3.12 cents.
The average charges per ton per
mile are as follows: Great Britlan,
2.80 conts; Franco, 3.30: Germany,
1.64, and in the United States 1.
Interest on capital invested in the
several countries is as follows:
United Kingdom,4.1 por cent; France,
3.8 per cent; Germany, 5.1 per cent;
Russia, 5.3 percent; Austria, 3.1 per
cent; Belgium, 4.0 per cont. United
States, 3.1 percent. The average for
the world is 3.3 per cent.
The system of operation of tho rail
roads in different countries is indi
cated:
In Austria about 4 per cent of the
railway mileage is ownod and about
73 per cent is operated by the state.
Upon the expiration of charters, not
exceeding ninety years, the lines,
lands and buildings of the companies
are ever the property of the govern
ment but the equipment remains the
proporty of tho owners. Before a
railway is opened it must be approvod
by the minister of commerce. The
tariffs on state roads are fixed by the
government; those of the companies
are subject to revision by the govern
ment every three years and the gov
ernment has power to reduce rates, if
the not earnings exceed 15 per cent
on capital.
In Canada about the tonth of the
mileage of about 15,000 miles Is
owned, controlled and operated by
the government. For the year 1893
the operation of the government
lines resulted in a loss of over $000,
000.
At the present date by far the
larger portion (about five-sixth) of
the French railway system is operated
by private conpanies, each company
serving a definite territory and being
comparatively free from the competi
tion of other lines. But the railroad
properties are ultimately to become
the property of tho government. This
system is a mixed one of state aud
private ownership.
In Germany nearly ninety per cent
of the railway mileage is owned by
the government. Under the law the
government is required to manage the
railways in the interests of general
traffic on a single system. It may cause
the construction and equipment of
roads and enforce uniform traffic and:
police regulations.
In Great Britain and Ireland the
government does not own the rail
ways. There are stringent regula
tions provided by law and adminis
tered by the railway commission and
board of trade.
Italy has tried both state and pri
vate railways and has come to the
conclusion that it is not advantageous
to own and operate the railways.
The result was a reorganization of
the whole railway system. Under
the present system private companies
operate the state roads under con
tract with the government.
In Russia the government is stated
to own and operute about forty per
cent of the railway mileage. Nearly
all of the railways owned by private
companies have received subsidies
from the government.
It is stated that in the United States
several of the states have tried owner
ship in a limited way. Illinois con
structed a road at a cost of $1,000,094,
but sold it for $100,000; Indiana had ts
similar experience; Georgia owns a
railroad but found it expedient to
lease it to a private company; Penn
sylvania constructed a railroad from
Philadelphia to Columbia, but subse
quently sold it. Massachusetts, Mich
igan and several other states tried
the experiment without success.
Sheep Baleere Glee Up the Fight
Parachute, Col., Sept 20.—The war
between the sheep and cattle men in
Garfield connty has been ended by the
sheep men shipping all their stock to
Eastern markets, leaving the country
free to the cattle men. The eommisr
sioners of Garfield county have of
fered a reward of 8500 for the arrest
and conviction of the men who
slaughtered the sheep, and Governor
Waite will be requested to add 81,000
to the amount._
Washington, Sept. 20. —The recent
ly published book, “If Christ Came to
Congress,” has been detained in the
mails, pending an investigation by the
postoffice department of the alleged
obscenity of the publication. The au
thor is M. W. Howard of Alabama,
who expects to be nominated for con
gress by the Populists.
Elliot Defeat* Carveit
Kansas Citt, Mo., Sept 20.—Cham
pion Wing Shot J. A. R. Elliott de
feated Dr. Carver for the third suc
cessive time yesterday and won the
final match of the great pigeon shoot
by a soore of 90 to M.
