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VOLUME XIV,
O’NEILL, HOLT COUNTY, NEBRASKA. FEBRUARY 15, 1894.
‘V.
NUMBER 32.
yv*
JCAL NEWSJTEMIZED
ke Local News of O’Neill u Caught
by the "Kids.”
ither INTERESTING NOTES
p, of General Interest Published While
News Is Still News.
(, D. Long visited Sioux City Satur
iy. -
l L. Tingle, of Basset, is in the city
»iay- --
Geo. Butler, of Ewing, is in the city
e-day- -
pell Akin is in the city attending
»rt. _,_
Get your Hour at McManus’. as he
tops the best. 81-2
Tns Frontier and New York Trib
ie both for $1.60.
Attorney Rice was down from Stuart
loud ay attending court. .
Mrs. 6. C. Hazelet went down to
imx City yesterday morning.
We have a full line of all kinds of fish
(popular prices.
53-2 O’Nbill Grocery Co.
Rev. J. M. Bates will hold Episcopal
{trices at the Presbyterian church next
ttday evening.
S. M. Wagers and wife and Mrs. John
aBue returned from their eastern visit
st Monday evening.
Tbe Bartley guards have been assigned
I tbe second regiment and given the
•sition of company F.
District court convened this morning
dtb Judge Kinkaid on the bench. Tbe
iry is called lor the 19th inst.
| £d Bulter, Hez Chambers and Mr.
hirdy came down from Atkinson yester
by to see the wrestling match.
Miss Qrace Adams gave a farewell
arty last evening to a large number of
to young friends. A very pleasant
Smeis reported.
When in need of coal go to Biglin’s
ml yard. He keeps the best coal in
m and his prices are reasonable. 26 tf
Cbas. B. Leis, of Murdock, and Miss
lama Mikel, of Emmet, yesterday se
yed the county judge’s consent to wed.
FOR SALE—10 head of farm horses,
hut to close them out at once; will
til them for $30 to $70 per bead.
Edgar Thompson.
Col. Neil Brennan went down to
iucoln Wednesday per special in vi
sion to attend the 25th anniversary of
1( Nebraska State University.
Parties wishing to purchase flour in
M or 1000 pound lots will do well to
“P. J. McManus before purchasing
iiewbere. 31-2
Wove sale Saturday, Feb. 17. Entire
*®e of ladies’ and gent.’s gloves at cut
(rices. One day only.
313 _J. P. Maun
| Back Berry was in from Paddock yes
ikrday. He reports bis son, Tommy,
^covering from his attack of typhoid
lever.
■ ^UE Frontier's remarks regarding
jHe principal seem to have performed
j3' functions of a lasative and trans
| °nneil his constipation of ideas into a
fijeentery of words.
i *3ave just received a car load of flour
i^lucli consists of two grades, full pat
**• Crown, and straight grade, Kitchen
« KverV sack wairanted.
i31-3 P. J. McManus.
i Parker, of Scottville, will sell
Public sale on Tuesday, February 27,
B entire outflt of farm machinery,
oosehold goods, stock, etc., to the
•ighest bidder.
Cbever Hazelet and Col. Brennan
>ed Chambers Saturday in the in
**•18 of the German Chicory Co. It is
eintention of the company to erect a
?,ng kiln at that point this year.
For sale or rent, on easy terms, a good
r“:160 acres, four miles from O’Neill;
“liable land, 115 acres were under
e plow last year. For terms and fur
er Particulars address, Wilbur Seed
eMCo-. Milwaukee, Wls. 30lf
Graphic: It is reported that the high
°°1 at O’Neill has been turned into a
ihit'8aU *orum- This is an inovation
will not oonduce to harmony or a
liii*Per develoP®ent in the legitimate
i.,CS instruction under our school
Wem.
, independent last week donated
h 'v ** 8n<3 ^ inches of space to
[qi • a°NTIKH’ i°r which we are grate
ipt m l'roP°rtion to the value of the
„ ?e i°r advertising purposes, which
'uiagine is in the neighborhood of
0r BO cenu.
Hood's Pills are purely vegetable.care
fully prepared from the be8t ingredients1.
25 cents.
Conrad Grebe, of Emmet, called Sat
urday and relieved the financial strin
gency at this office somewhat.
The blood is the source of health.
Keep it pure by taking Hood’s Sarsa
parilla, which is peculiar to itself, and
superior in strength, economy and me
dicinal merit.
Last Friday Miss Fannie O’Neill closed
n very successful term of school In Dis
trict 156. Miss O’Neill expects to leave
in a few days to visit with friends in
Sioux City and Omaha.
The wrestling match last night be
tween McDermot and 8impson was
patronized by a 8150 house and gave
general satisfaction. Simpson - won
three out of fiye falls and was declared
winner by Referee Purdy, of Atkinson.
Kautzy, old boy, doesn’t defend the
First National Bnnk with that old-time
enthusiasm. Perhaps those articles
libeling Tnn Fhontihr don’t come of
ten enough to satisfy the cashier. Time
was, you know, when Gallagher paid
81.50 per week for them.
Mrs. L. E. Whltehorn will give a
term of eighteen lessons in vocal music
for $1. Beginning February 19. Class
meet at residence in the northwestern
part of town, at 4:80 p, m., Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday. Instrumental
lessons 88 per terip. 32tf
The communication published last
week in the Independent and signed "B.
F. 8.” was written by Kautzman. “B.
F. 8.” is so very illiterate that he can
not write anything. As a rule that is
the class of men you will find flocking
around Eautzman’s standard, however.
Probably the first orange ever raised
in Holt county was plucked last Satnr
day from a tree grown by Charlie Mil
lard, the half of which The Frontier
acknowledges receipt of. It was of a
fair size, looked all right, smelled delic
ious and was flavored like—a pumpkin.
The Sun received the contract for
furnishing county stationery. It is to
be hoped McHugh will give full count
this year as the county is too hard up
to be cheated. The last time the Sun
had the contract 600 letter beads would
go very nicely for 1000. This was by
actual count.
John Tomsick, residing near Atkin
son, was before County Judge McCutch
an last week on the charge of adultery,
flled by one Mary Confal. The case was
continued to March 12. Those who have
a cultivated taste for rich and racy mat
ters of this particular brand will do well
to be on hand.
All persons holding tickets on J. P.
Mann’s parlor set are invited to be
present Thursday, February 22, at 2 p.
si. to witness the manner of awarding
same. Should the set not be claimed or
called foi in 30 days after being awarded
we will repeat the program March 22.
3o save your tickets as you may need
themtlien. J. P. Mann.
Butte Gazette: The dance .given by
the A. O. U. W. lodge last Friday even
ing was one of the finest ever given in
Butte. The music for the occasion Was
furnished by the Spencer orchestra,
which, under the leadership of Sanford
Parker is one of the finest in the west.
The hall was crowded and all report a
most enjoyable time.
Edward Bok’s successful article in the
January Cosmopolitan on the “Young
Han in Business” has been reprinted in
a tasteful and handy booklet form at 10
cents by the Curtis Publishing company,
of Philadelphia. To this reprint Mr.
Bok has added some fourteen pages of
editorial matter answering “Three Un
certain Young Men."_
The county board adjourned Saturday.
Outside of the Skirving case nothing of
particular interest was transacted. The
settlement committee made report,
various road and tax matters were acted
upon, printing contract let and the
county attorney instructed to bring
suit against A. J. Meals and his bonds
men to recover a judgment of $3,000,
Now that Professor—God save the
mark—Morrow has proven to his own
satisfaction that Tub Frontier editors
don’t cut much figure anyway, perhaps
he can find time to tell us whv it is that
parents from every portion of the county
who were once anxious to send their
children to O’Neill’s justly celebrated
schools are now either sending them to
country districts or other cities?
Goods at less than wholesale prices at
the Golden Investment company’s store,
O’Neill. Two-piece bedroom set, $9 50,
wholesale price in Omaha, $10. Mat
tress, $1.25, wholesale price, $2. Woven
wire spring, $1.25, wholesale, $1.50.
Dining room chairs, $4, one-half dozen,
wholesale price, $6. Rocking chairs, $1,
wholesale, $1.50. Carpet per yard, .20,
cost, .80. Blankets, sheets pillows, etc.,
in proportion. *w
In the case from Boyd county, where
in a woman was arrested and brought
to O’Neill for stealing a pair of mules,
H- E. Murphy nolleprossed her and let
her go.—Independent.
“Nolleprossed:" wonder what in thun
der that means. We’ll bet It’s some
mean trick, though. “Nolleprossed her
and let her go.” We thought Henry had
reformed since his election, but there’s
no measuring the extent of a woman’s
influence. Our advice to Henry would
be to not do it again, however.
Doc Mathews returned Sunday even
ing from his trip to California. He
fell in love with tho country and pur
chased 10 acres of land near Madera, at
which place the Holt county colony Is
located. Mr. Mathews will probably
express his views of the country in his
own language through these columns
next week. He carried with him a
small camera and took a large number
of views, among them Scottie’s prison
in Juarez, Mex., also some of his chums
in that place. *
rarties intending to buy flour in 500
or 1,000 9b lots want to distinctly under*
stand that we will allow no outfit to
sell the same grades of flour for less
money tban we do, and as for having
the best flour in the market, all we have
to say is the G. A. A„ Patent and Daisy
Straight are too well known to need any
comment, and the manufacturer was
never known to he driven from the
market on account of prices, so remem
ber we are doing business at the old
stand. 82-2 O’Nkili, Grocbhy Co.
Judge Keysor came up from Omaha
Sunday evening to hear the numerous
bond cases Monday. Nothing was done,
however. As the last session of court
adjourned to no particular day or month,
Attorney Uttley raised the question of
jurisdiction and was sustained by the
court, and adjournment taken. The
judge held substantially that when
district court adjourns it must be to
some particular day and hour. In view
of this decision we are reminded of the
forfeiture of Scott’s first appearance
bond, which was taken at special session
and not at a session called for any par
ticular day. The state has got.its for
feiture in this case, now why doesn’t it
proceed to collect it?
Advertising, judicious and persistent,
always pays. A New York dry goods
house disbelieved the axiom and so a
resort was made to the use of printer’s
ink in the established daily papers.. The
first advertisement brought a crowd of
customers and the firm was forced to
close its doors. Two hundred new
salespeople were employed, more adver
tising done, ' and the house has been
doing more than a satisfactory business.
This truth is told by the firm. It
always works that way. The reading
public scans the newspaper columns,
and it generally goes where it is inyited.
A pretty show window catches the
attention of the passerby. But those who
I travel on another street look to their
t morning and evening papers for offers
of bargains.
Obituary of Oliver T. Jones.
Deceased wag born in St Clair county,
Illinois, June 4, 1825, and died at Dor
sey, Nebraska, February 4,1894, being
therefore over 69 years of age at tbe
time of his death. He was married to
Miss E. E. Lancaster, of the same coun
ty, in April 1847, and moved to Hasting,
I Minnesota, in 1856, thence to Union
county, Dakota in 1872, and to Holt
county 1878, where he resided utatil tbe
time of his death, which was 12 o’clock
noon, February 4, 1894, in the Presby
terian church, while attending Sabbath
school.
Funeral services were held at the
church where he died,Tuesday,February
0, at 12 o’clock, conducted by Mrs.
JeDnle Fryer, assisted by Elder Rosen
crance. The scripture lesson was taken
from the fourteenth chapter of Job,tenth
verse: "Man dieth and wasteth away:
yea, man giveth up the ghost, and
where is he?”
He was a good soldier for his country,
which the following will show: He en
listed in company A, Second regulars
of Sharpshooters, volunteers on October
2, 1861, and was discharged in Novem
ber, 1862, after being three times severe
ly wounded. ^
He was held in high esteem by all
who knew him, as was clearly seen by
the large concourse of people that came
to the funeral. The church was entire
ly too small for the people to get it. He
will be greatly missed in the vicinity
for his sterling worth as a citizen and a
neighbor. In the last month he has
been greatly interested in spiritual
things and with the last few days of bis
life gave evidence of his expcetance of
Christ. He leaves a wife, three sons
and three daughters to mourn his loss.
Dorsey, Neb., February 7, 1894. ,*«
Stock Cattle!
I am prepared to furnish stock cattle
of all ages, or will buy on contract or
commission. Frank Anderson,
32if U. B. Yds., Sioux City, Iowa.
A Psdantio Pedagogue.
Tuk Frontier's mild critioism of fjro*
feasor Morrow’s method, or rather lack
of method, of conducting our publio
school, seems to have deeply stirred
that gentleman’s slumbering passions
and successfully urged him to scrawl a
pair of screeds and appear before the
public In the Sun and Independent
simultaneously. Ue filled over a column
with verbiage that resounded with the
ring of the counterfeit and bore all of the
essential earmarks of a labored literary
effort.
If we followed correctly hit tiresome
meandering, and giasped the idoas he
sought to convey, his article was for the
purpose of convincing the public that
Tub Frostier is presided over by illit
erate and malicious individuals; end in
that perhaps he Is correct. We have no
desire whatever to discuss the point, as
it is entirely foreign to the subject in
hand. If we are ignorant it is no excuse
for Mr. Morrow being found in the same
lamentable and barbarous condition. He
is professor of a high school, once cele
brated throughout the state for its learn
ing, and is theiefore supposed to know
something. We are simply editors of a
"boodle organ" and defenders of "rob
bers" and "venal vampires" and "cor
poration cormorants," which duties do
not necessitate the assistance of educa
tion. We do not hold a first grade cer
tificate and consequently are not obliged
to suffer the excruciating humiliation of
publicly defending our Ignorance.
If we wrote "inculcate into,” we were
wrong in the technical meaning
of the term; but when he wrote
in correction, "inculcate upon,”
he was wiong. The one is
incorrect, the other was obsolete years
bofore this teacher of "current events"
had graduated from the nursery. But
perhaps be doesn't know this, so we will
not dwell upon the subject.
Personally we have no particular war
to make npon the professor, and what
we have said has been for the good of
our schools and not because we took ex
ceptions to the pedagogue’s political
principles, "which we knew to be false.”
The board made a grave error when they
employed a person without ability or ex
perience, and it is to be hoped they have
profited by tbe results. Our school is in
a sorry plight. The chief instructor has
not the respect of his co-workers, his
pupils or his patrons. It was only last
fall that this monument of conceit and
ignorance essayed to read "current
events" from a newspaper to a small
audience upon the street corner. His
delivery was so wretched, his pronuncia
tion so inexcusably rank that a member
of tbe school board within hearing
probed a finger into either ear and re
treated to a distance where the atmos
phere was unruffled by tbe sound waves
of that uncultured voice prompted to
vibration by an uncultured and neglect
ed mind. We say it is a sad circum
stance that our principal, (the person
who should command by his ability the
respect of all) should go from room to
room in the school house using such ex
pressions as "I have saw" and "I seed,"
and defacing the blackboard with words
so incorrectly spelled that he becomes
the laughing stock of his pupils in tbe
primary department. And it is no less
painful to see him turn to his able as
sistant in the recitation room and re
quest her to explain this or that point,
as "I am somewhat rusty."
It is with reluctance that we expose
to the public the true state of affairs ex
isting in our temple of learning, and it
is with regret we anticipate that it will
take some competent scholar years to
right the wrong that has been dune and
re establish the reputation we have lost.
The school board is not particularly at
fault in this matter, as they certainly
had reason to expect better things, but
they can endear themselves everlastingly
to the hearts of their countrymen by not
being mistaken a second time.
Mr. Morrow should remember that
philosophical studies are beset by one
peril, that a person easily brings himself
to think that ho thinks; and a smatter
ing of science encourages conceit, and a
communication written in tbe language
of a blackguard is a boomerang that is
sure to crack the head of tbe twirler.
Obituary.
MAYNE—Samuel, on Monday morn*
log, Febiuary 12, 1804, at bis home 3
miles-jsoutheast of O’Neill, of cancer;
age 58 years.
Deceased was born in Ireland and
came to this country in 1874. Mr.
Mayne was a prosperous and energetic
farmer, owning one of the best farms in
the county, and has many friends who
mourn his death. He leaves a wife
snd two sons. The funeral took place
yesterday, services being held in the
church at Inman. The Frontier
tenders its sympathy to the family of
the deceased.
Letter List.
Following Is the list of letters remaining In
the postofllce at O'Neill, Neb., unclaimed, for
the week ending February 41, ISM:
Miss Lillian Tinas Miss Mary Galllager
Thomas McDonald Jess Stalling '
In calling for the above please say “adver.
Used." If not called for In two weeks they
will be sent to the dead letter office.
J. U. BioosP. M.
The Shirring Impeaohmsnt.
A* was Indicated In these columns a
short time ago, the independents are
now at work with their impeachment
machine—the board of supervisors.
This maohlno is a peouliar instru
ment of exclusive populistic appli
cation and Is embellished with modern
improvements upon which they hold
either copy-right or letters-patent'. The
Holt county alliance, which is by
satanlc conception the unnatural parent
of tho independent r arty, has through
its secretarv, one John A. Robertson,
trumped up a few charges against
District Clerk Sklrvlng, acting upon
which the Independent board of super
visors has placed the clerk upon trial for
his official head.
The case came on for bearing Satur
day morning but was continued by
agreement to March 6.
M. F. Harrington Is attorney for the
complainant and R. R. Dickson, N. D.1
Jackson and T. V. Golden for the de
fendant.
me complainant alleges as MS OIUN
of action in substance m follows:
That in 1891 John Sklrving waa
elected clerk of the diatrict court) and
that he atill holds the office by virtue of
such election.
That plaintiff la a resident tax-payer
of Holt county, Nebraska.
That the said clerk haa neglected hla
dutiea by willfully and wrongfully
absenting himaelf from hla office for
more than half of the dayswlnce hla
election.
That on the 19tb day of August, 1898,
the ncounty of Holt brought an action
in attachment In the diatrict court
against Barrett Scott; and that on the
■ame day a aimilar action waa brought
by the Union National bank of Omaha
against Barrett Scott; and that the aald
clerk refused to approve the bond
offered by Holt eounty or issue an at
tachment until after the bond offered
by the bank had been approved and
attachment issued. Which action, com
plainant alleges, knocked the county
out of something like $1,800.
That the clerk wrongfully aptiroved
the bond of William McWhorter in the
matter of enjoining the treaaurer and
the First National bank from paying
Sheriff Cunningham hla reward, to
which complainant takes occaalon to
aav be waa justly entitled.
That the clerk haa taken illegal fees
in four or five foreclosure cases.
That be unlawfully certified E, H.
Benedict to be a justice of the peace.
To all of the above charges Clerk
Skirving pleads not guilty.
What the outcome will be of course is
somewhat problematical, although it Is
pretty safe to guess that the ring will
carry out the wish of Harrington, who
is too foxy to start a case of this kind
unless he was confident that he could
command the votes to successfully
terminate it at the proper time.
Hr. Emery on Irrigation,
[The following is a synopsis of the
speech made by Judge Emery, of Kan
sas, before the. North Nebraska Irriga
tion convention, at O’Neill, last month.
The entire speech is quite lengthy, but
is full of valuable irrigation Information
and we will give it to our readers on the
installment plan, a couple of columns
each week until completed.]
Ladies and gentlemen of Nebraska—
This subject is so large and has so many
sides to it that sometimes in talking
about it I am a little at loss to know
where to begin. Some parts of arid
America have interests peculiar to them
selves; not all of arid America is alike,
so what interests some parts would not
be interesting to other parts, but 1 feel
today more as if I were going to address
a Krnsas audience on the question of ir
rigation, because your interests in Ne
braska are like our interests in Kansas.
We have much the same surface, much
the ssme water supply and much the
same people. If yon will recall the
geography of these two states you will
find your north line about as far from
the British possessions as our south
line ii from New Mexico, so that it is a
square piece of country lying in the
western belt of the arid region of Amer
ica. Our products are the same, you
raise cattle, wheat, corn, and hogs. We
raise the same. You are engaged in
much the same kind of wealth that we
are in Kansas, the same condition of
climate and I think that Kansas and Ne
braska have about the best climate in
the world, taking the twelve months to
gether, the same railroad facilities. We
are much the same people, our history
came much at the same time. The time
that you settled Nebraska forty years
ago next September, we settled Kansas
forty years ago next September so that
to you people I think I see my way
very clear to talk very much as I would
in Kansas.
My first idea will be to present a little
historical glance at our condition.
What made Kansas and Nebraska settle?
I am not going to speak of the social,
conditiou forty years past but some ot
you are as old as Lam myself and you
will recall that m ’54 when yoqr state
and mine were settling, immigration
west was resting on the line of four
states and one territory, Iowa, Missouri,
Arkansas, and Louisana, and the terri
tory of Minnesota. The great army of
immigration was sort of stopping at
..."T"
that line; and we didn't know madt
about It; theie were no settlementt r
weet of that line except Texae and tbe :f;
Mormon population at Salt Lake. All
weet of that line was an unknown coun
try filled with Indiana and Mexleans.
And going back on the Pacific coast all
west of these lines was an unknown
country; people knew nothing about It;
people didn’t ask questions about, It and
the young men those days were settling
Iowa, Missouri,, Minnesota and settling
along tbe Missouri riser. Kow you V
old men know what I am talking about,
tbe attempt of slavery to go west of that
line together with the discovery of gold y
In California were two forces that cans* ■
ed immigration, caused that army all «
at once to cross the Missouri riser. I
crossed it with a hundred and twenty
young men at Kansas City, you crossed
it where the city of Omaha now stands,
and Nebraska City now stands, and we
begun the settlement of thle country
and it was opened and settled In a day.
The most of these settlers settled in
eastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas.
Now my friends, and perhaps you, Mr.
President, all of us who were in that
army at that time, we never asked our* :';
selses anything about what kind of a
country we were going Into. I never -Jj,
heard the question of irrigation till
within the last few years, we never
asked ourselves whether this was an
arid country or not, we didn't know |
whether it was a country filled with '
minerals or not, we came in here be
cause we wanted a free state here,
wanted a free state there, and
the ex-oitement took place and
It Is a long and dresry chapter In his* '
tory. It was turmoil and trouble and ;
disturbance from ’04 to tbe time of the
surrender of Appomattox.
Now what baa been the condition ; <o
here ainceT |We built rallroada, Uncle
Sam Rave away an empire of land in
building rallroada acroaa the continent,
we founded towna, we made cltiea, we yr
inverted in landa, and we opened tarma
in tbe weat part of the United Staten
which Ilea In the region we are talking
about. It waa aettled in a hurry, no
man aaking himaelf much about it.
What haa been the condition In thle
country ainceT What la the condition
of the great plalna today T It ie an open
country, got a aettled population. Now
California la pretty denaely aettled In
portiona, and we have admitted thirteen
atatea ainoe that time, and we have
made biatory very faat aince we came
acroaa that line and have been ao en*
gaged In tbe agricultural and general
development of tbe country that we
haven’t thought much about the coun
try u a farmer’! home, as a home for
farmer’a to gain a eucceaeful livelihood.
We in Kansas have never been willing
to admit that our atate te good for noth*
ing and you people in Nebraska have
been much in the aame fix. You have
thought and we have thought and geog-»
raphera have told ue that aa the popula- -
tion went weatward the rain fall would
go weatward, but we have found out
that that ia a delualon. It ia now Mien*
tiflcally declared that your rainfall haa
not gone weat at all eo that we havn
been hugging thia delusion that we havn
got a good country for farmera to live
in. A man that sits over here told an .
that be settled out here some fourtnan
years ago and is here now. Whan hn
first settled here his bouse was the only
bouse, then he got so he could see tbrsn
houses from his, then eo he could son
fourteen bouses, today he says he anna /
eight houses from his. That’s tha bin- ’
tory of this country in a nutshell. Yon
have gone weat and tried to get a living f:
in western Kansas and Nebraska and
you have been worn out: you bars
taken down your house and gone back 7
because you couldn’t get a living, and
you have made a discovery and that dis- *
covery is this that this whole country is
goolbutfor but very little. Taking
farm lands one year with another there M
is nothing certain about it, unless we v
have more water. Now look what Un*
cle Sam has done: he sold you western
farming lands at the regular price. Ten
years ago Uncle Sam went down to the -
west point of the Qulf of Mexico, and If
you will go with me in your mind and
stiek a stake in the warm sands of Mex
ico, Uncle Sam has drawn a line clear :
into Canada and then run that line
twelve hundred miles west on the Can
ada line until he came to western Ore
gon, then runs it down the tope of those
mountains past San Francisco, then
around the coast to Mexico and
south to Arizona and down the Rio
Orande to the west Gulf until he comes
to this state. Run a red line around the
maps of this country and what has he v>:
told you? Be has told you that all the
'.and within that line is arid, that’s thia
geographical survey.
Now these boys and girts, and I see
some of them here, and I am glad to see
them, you want to understand that line
embraces two-fifths of our land, exclod
[CORTINUBD OR LAST PAGB. J ^
