&■ THE FRONTIER. £? ■* rviLifiivT) it fur rnoRtUAT «T Tub Frohtikb I'iuntino Co. ,V; O’NEILL. • NEBRASKA. OYER THE STATE. v. Thayer conty has promise of an im* ■fV mense corn ci op. The Beatrice canning company has commenced operations. During the month of July there were 15.1 arrests in South Omaha. :2 ' At Omaha last week Jacob Goos was run over by the ears and killed. Lightning rod swindlers are plying their nefarious profession near Bloom Held. . This year's crop of beets, both in quality and quantity, promises to be the best ever known in the state. Hancock now has mail service from Champion instead of Halgler, getting it . twice a week, making it more conveni ent for that community. Thk dwelling house of Miss Emily Brown of York was completely de stroyed by fire. It is supposed to have t been the work of an incendiary. A man by the name of Skunk runs a threshing machine in Webster county and he is withal a man much sought after now that the wheat is In the stack. John Drat, and old and respected farmer living seven miles southeast of Campbell, committed suicide by hang ing himself, ill health is supposed to be the cause. Peter Sharp is languishing in jail at Tekamah for selling beer without a li cense at Bancroft. Six kegs of beer fell into the sheriff's hands at the tame time Sharp did. Vr Turke members of the now famous class of the Fremont Turnverein have returned from Milwaukee They bring the trophies won by the class in the national contest ‘V-’ McGinn and Dodrell, two men in the Douglas county jail, charged with mur der, were hurried off to Lincoln the other night to prevent their being lynched by a mob. Wmilk little Helen Gould of York ij was playing with her father on a bed she fell through a screen and out of an open window to the ground, breaking one arm in two places, i Thk Fremont Turnverein is prepar ing to give a grand reception to the members of the class who distinguished themselves at the Milwaukee turnfest and at Chicago lately. In round numbers the value of Ne braska's sugar crop last year was 8200, 0C0. If given proper encouragement the Industry would be worth many millions to the farmers. William Richardson went to Chase county six years ago and took a home stead. The other day lie was offered •8,030 for his farm, but considers it worth double that amount. William Brough, a farmer living ' ; near Cordova, was badly used up in a runaway. Both legs were broken, one In three places, and he was otherwise badly bruised, lie is 68 years old. During an electrical storm lightning struck the house of John Buttain, re aiding south of Alma, riddling the in terior of the house to some extent The occupants, who were in bed, were not Injured. Three runaways in as many days is the record for Ashland last week. Hap puy none were of a serious character, narrowest escape being that of Miss Eva Brooks, who was quite badly bruised. J James D. Gage, president of the State Dank of Franklin, whicli recently closed its doors, was arrested on a warrant ■ ou^ By *L W. -Robinson, charged with receiving deposits when the bank 3£, was insolvent ^****9i|***t> have been complet for an oratorical contest at the n< opera house in Table Rock, on t night of Thursday. August 10, 18 Twp 82? and two 810 medals will given as prizes Edward Stafford was brought it Lincoln from Adams to answer to t Charge of selling liquor without a g< ernment license. He was taken bef< united States Commissioner Billings! and the case was continued until t 8th. Tire store of ES. W. Claneey, drug Beatrice, was closed last week ui mortgageagiven E. R. Fogg, reee «ebnwka National Bank, •5,000, and W. B. Claneey, adminis tor, 83,1.1(1 The total indebtedness aggregate 818,003. rr The Indians are learning to w< Up at Valentine last week a full bl otoux ghost dancer bought a mo mid has gone to putting up hay lii ”»an. Incidentally it may atated that he drives the team ana wife does the real work. ?AwECE!V a Protn>nent fari living eight miles west of West Po committed suicide by shooting him la the breast He died soon after, waa a prominent membet of the lk mlan lodge, C. & P. S., under wt auspices he was buried. A TERRIRLK tragedy occurred week at the residence of Charles Jc 22^AW°»"ive8 we8tof Arlington. 10-year-old boy took a revolver fro drawer and putting the weapon tc *‘yea.rTJ?,d ai?ter'8 head pulled the t ger, killing her instantly. . , “ ejection or com* miaoued officers of Troop A, Nebraska Stisrr1 !iuard*'heid in ^ a ford, re in41}? unanimous re-election of Captain J. li. Culver; Wolsey Wegant, Will T“\* CvOSen^flrst lieutenant and Will J,.\ osburg third lieutenant. *ta*^i?ip management has defl ttltely settled upon a bicycle tourna ment as an attraction. The program la arranged to cover three days.l-om asenctng at 11 a. m. each day and to continue until the races for the dhv are lln,*he5*: °ne oi the prizes is a high grade bicycle. e William Brodgh, a farmer living near Cordova, was badly used up in a runaway by getting caught in a mow lag machine. Both his legs were broker.. one of them in three places, and he was otherwise badly bruised. Brough is aUty-eight years old and may not sur vive the shock. Jerkuiah Thackkr, a well known ■nd highly respected farmer living eleven miles southeast of Barneston, is ~yiug from the effects of a fracture of ms skull inflicted by Wm. Giles, a son in-law. The blow was inflicted with ont any warning, after which the as aailant made his escape. _ The Holt County Soldiers and Sail ors association will hold its annual re union at Ewing Aug. 23, 23, 24 and 25. Mrh. .Tonnea IIkkman, living1 on a farm eight miles south of Alma, took a dose of poison with suicidal Intent, but was discoveied by some children in an outhouse, totally unconscious. She was brought out of her dilemma. Family troubles are ascribed as the cause of her foolishness. (■knkral order No. 4, issued irom brigade headquarters at Beatrice, pro vides for another encampment of four, companies of Nebraska national guards. The camp will be at tlrand Island from August 29 to September 2, inclusive, anti, will be under the command of Col onel J. li. Bills, of the Second regi ment J. K. Tailor has brought out a corn husker, the details of which he has been perfecting and overseeing at the Norfolk foundry for the past few months. The best test can of course only be made in the harvest field, but from trials already made Mr. Taylor and others are confident that the ma chine will do the work. A. J. McI'kak, the defaulting ex- \ county treasurer of Furnas county,who i was found short 910,009, was bound ■ over to the district court. The inter- | est in the case crowded the court room with citizens from all partsof the coun ty. The ex-treasurer's books, offered in evidence, were shown to have been changed in many places. W. A. Cassakav was arrested and placed in jail at Lincoln on the charge of forgery. He had formerly been in the employ of F. Mason, a well known contractor and builder, but had been discharged. By representing that he was still in the employ of Mason he succeeded in passing three forged checks on local banks, all for small amounts. John 1!bay, a farmer living south west of Campbell committed suicide by tying a cord to one end of a stick, placing the cord around his neck.draw ing the stick to a bow and fastening the cord to the other end. He was an old and respected citizen of that vicin ity and a member of the G. A. R. Ill health is supposed to be the cause of the deed. Leroy Wilson, the 8-year-old son of John Wilson, a farmer living near Ce dar Rapids, met death in a remarkable manner. While swinging alone the rope broke and the boy fell downward, and on a stick which penetrated nearly to the heart. When found a few min utes later by his little brother he was several feet from the blood-covered stick und dead. In Ohio township, Richardson county, George Kackhleries, who gathers cream for a creamery, drove upon a small bridge, with a span of forty feet, when it broke down, precipitating his team and wagon down twenty feet to the bed of a creek. His wagon and cream cans were completely destroyed, one horse was killed and he received very serious injuries. Sheriff James Barter of Saunders county came over to Fremont and took Sam 1’earson back with him. Pearson went through the house of A. F. Hark- j ison, which is about nine miles west of i Wahoo. and took a gold watch and j chain, a necklace and locket and two ; suits of clothes. The watch was found in his possession and one of the suits in a second hand store where he had sold it. A tramp entered the house of Mrs. Raton of Plattsmouth, the family all being down stairs. After being discov ered he gave up a gold watch and chain he had taken and then made his es cape. The police were notified arid soon located him. After attempting to shoot Frank Johnson he was recap tured. He had a revolver, a silver watch and a small amount of change upon his person. Corn in Kearney county is an assured crop. It had a severe struggle duriug the long, cold dry spring, and until the rain on June 22 it had not more than made a start, and at that date some was only coming up. Since then, in thirty eight days, it has made more growth than ordinarily it makes in forty-eight days, thus making up some of the late ness reported June 1. Rky. O. E. Baker, who has been pas tor of the Free Baptist church of Lin coln for the past five or six years, died at Minneapolis, Minn., last week. The remains were interred at Waterloo, la. Rev. Baker has been in failing health for several months and was granted a leave of absence by the church. He I recently went to Minneapolis to visit ' his daughter, but soon after arriving | there he was taken violently ill. - Rachel Fairbank enteVed complaint in Justice Roher's court in Hastings against her husband, Warren Fairbank, I saying that she was afraid he would i maliciously, wilfully and unlawfully murder and kill her. Fairbank was brought in, but asked foracontinnance of the case. The Fairbanks live four teen miles northwest of Hastings on an eighty-acre farm and peace has not reigned in the household for many a day. Chief Justice Maxwell has ap pointed James R. Cain, cashier of the State bank of Stella, as receiver for the defunct . Farmers’ State bank at Shu bert. When the bank suspended by reason of the defalcation of its cashier, the state banking board recommended the appointment of George R. Goodell. He took charge of the defunct bank at once, but his appointment was unsatis factory to the creditors and hence the change. As a result of a bad cut on the wrist, ! George A., the 10-year-old ton of Fred | Hartzell of lieatrice came near bleeding i to death. The injured lad- and bis ' brother were going home when a young j tough, whom they did not know, tried to pick a quarrel with them, throwing George's brother to the ground. The two then put themselves on the defens ive and in the melee which followed i George received the cut, which was from a penknife. The wound is about an inch long and fully as deep. Tiie latest Nebraska crop bulletin says: All portions of Nebraska have experienced good rains since the issue of the last bulletin. The temperature has been normal, with ample sunshine, conditions which have greatly benelited the corn crop, many correspondents claiming that even without any more moisture, that crop is norv assured. Pastures, meadows and the wild hay crop have also been greatly Improved, while reports concerning oats and po tatoes continue gloomy, rust having seriously damaged the first crop, and the latter, especially the late crop, being very inferior, and. in some local ities. almost an entire failure. I’j ' . hi . -■ ■ 'VJih ; SILVER MEN S VIEWS. EMBODIED IN A BILL BY MR. BLAND. Repeal of the Sherman Purchasing Act and a Substitute for Free Coinage— The Ground Upon Which the Fight Will be Made—The Plan of Represent ative Henderson of North Carolina— The Fopnllsts' Address to the People— As to Resumption of the Issue of Hold Certiorates. Bland and Other Con great men Give Their View* on the Silver Question. Washington, Aug. 5.—Just as soon after congress meets as it becomes practicable, Mr. Bland, the leader of the silver forces in the house, will in troduce a bill embodying the views of the silver men. It will provide for the repeal of the Sherman purchasing act and substitute therefor the free coinage of silver at the present ratio of 1(1 to 1. “That,” said Mr. Bland, “will be the ground upon which we will make the fight, although there has been no defin ite plan agreed upon.” He recognized that men could hon estly differ as to the ratio, but that was a mutter that should be settled in the party itself. By the use of both gold and silver as money at a parity the democratic party could not differ. If a compromise measure increasing the ra tio was reached, he said, he saw no rea son why the present dollar should not ! be kept in circulation as it was now. He proposed, however, with all his power to resist any increase in the ratio. The attitude of the treasury depart ment in refusing to buy silver was ar bitrary and uncalled for, Mr. Bland said, but there was no ground for the talk that the secretary could be im peached. The law gave him the dis cretion and he was exercising it, and that was one of the mistakes of the law, as he looked at it, which wbb full of mistakes. He warned friends of sil ver on this very ' point when the bill came up for consideration in the house. The llland-Allison act was superior in that respect, in that it did not give the secretary the power, but required him to purchase a specific amount. If the United States, Mexico and the South American countries, together with the countries of Asia on our west, were to agree upon a common ratio, Mr. Bland thought, we would have all the trade we wanted and would thereby force Europe to come to the use of sil ver as a money. Mr. Bland said that he had not seen the speaker, and when it was suggest ed to him that some of his friends in the east would be glad to see him off the committee on coinage he only smiled and said they could not at any rate, run him off the floor of congress. The champion of silver declared that there would be a bitter fight against any attempt to efiange the rules so that a eloture provision might be incor porated. Representative Henderson of North Carolina has a plan for the readjust ment of the silver question that he, holds out to be satisfactory to the per sons who wish to see the democratic p’atform declarations carried into effect without creating divisions in the party. As the platform'calls for the equal treatment of gold and silver, and as some democrats do not deem it safe to provide for the free coinage of silver, lie would withdraw that privilege from gold and provide for the coinage of both metals on account of the government exclusively. This might be accom plished, he thinks, by passing a bill re quiring the absolute purchase of a cer tain proportion of each metal each month and the coinage of all purchas ed. Congress, might from time to time, change this proportion as the needs of the country seemed to require, and thus adjust the circulation to the demands. Representative Outhwaite of Ohio is one of the few western men who de clares himself in favor of an immediate and unconditional repeal of the silver purchase section of the Sherman law, but after that is done he says he would immediately turn his attention to some legislation intended to secure the more extended use of silver as a money metal. One point upon which Mr. Outhwaite takes strong ground is that the silver bullion now in the treasury should be coined at once and put into circulation and thus relieve the money stringency. He says that, as the secretary of the treasury has taken the position that coin notes issued in payment for silver bullion purchased are redeemable in gold alone, it does not appear there is any reason to retain this bullion in the treasury for redemption purposes. A Populist Call for the Friends of Silver to Stand Firm. Chicago, 111., Aug. 7.—The executive ■ committee of the populist party, which has been in session here since the ad journment of the silver convention, have issued the following address: To the Feople of the United States, the friends of more money and less taxes, devoted to the silver dollar of 1 the constitution and of our fathers as valuable aids in educating and organ- ' mug our people: stand by your col- I ors, brethren; events are battling for us; “the stars in their course are fight ing in behalf of Sisera;” every day con firms our predictions. There is no safety for the people of the I nited States except in the triumph of our principles, and victory is not tar off. The overwhelming spirit of this con vention indicates that the whole nation is alive to the dangers which threaten us. The convention not only repudi ated the idea of a gold standard and a gold basis, but unanimously committed itself to the principles that we. as pop ulists, have long held and cherished, viz.: That law makes money, and that ! the stamp of the government converts j 60 cents worth of silver into a dollar. . equal to any gold dollar. And they j unanimously accepted our doctrine_ that the money of the country should be adequate for the demands of busi- ! ness and should expand with the growth of population and commerce. 1'opulists, this convention has been a ! {treat victory for the principles embod ied in the Omaha platform. The rep resentatives of old parties stand united with us to fight for the money of the people as against the money of the bondholders. It is the same old con test for the doctrines of Jefferson, Jack ion, Thaddeus Stevens and Lincoln and fcr our constitutional rights, which have been assailed by a foreign coali tion. l he convention manifested an intense conviction that the bondholding and banking conspiracy which began its lawful work in 1ST3 in a republican congress will now be continued if not consummated in 1893 in a democratic congress with equal rapacity, pillage and peculation It is the mission of the i populists to resist this foreign invasion [ which through corporate greed assaults our national liberties by usurping our lands, monopolizing our highways, ab sorbing our wealth, dictating onr laws and enslaving our people. We believe the present effort to de monetize silver and issue more bonds, thereby increasing the aggregate of our billions of debt, all of which must then be paid in gold alone, burdening us and onr posterity with gold con tracts which we never made, is a crime equal to that for which kings have been dethroned and tyrants beheaded, and for which we believe every officer engaged themfn should be impeached and punished as provided by law. If silver is stricken down it will take more merchandise from the business men, more labor from the wage earner and more wheat, corn and cotton from the farmer than ever before to purchase the gold dollars of the bankers. There fore, these classes should unite to resist the encroachments of this un-American and destructive conspiracy. The logic of events forces the imme eiate solution of the money question. This we recognize without yielding any of the great principles of our platform, which must follow and be settled in rapid succession in order that our gov ernment may be wrested from its ene mies and prosperity restored to the people. W ® do not consider the money ques tion as settled until the authority to issue money and con trol its volume are. in the words of Jefferson, “Restored to the government and the people, to whom they properly belong.” This struggle will obliterate old party lines; tens of thousandsof new converts are coming to our ranks; they should be welcomed and orgafiized into a mighty campaign force for 1894 and 1890. H. E. Taubeneck, Chairman. J. H. Tubneb, Secretary. M. C. Rankin, Treasurer. Ignatius Donnelly, Minnesota. J. H. Davis, Texas. 6. F. Washbubne. Massachusetts V. O. Stkickleb, Nebraska. Geobge F. Gaitheb, Alabama. Gold Certificate*** Washington, Aug. 5.—It Is stated at the treasury department that there is no likelihood of resumption of the issue of gold certificates until the free gold stands from $7,000,000 to $10,000,000 above the reserve. This increase can only be authorized by the secretary of the treasury, who has not yet given any instructions in that direction. The free gold is now nearly $900,000. Board of Health’s Favorable Report. Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 7th.— The Hoard of Health reports to The Times of this city, through City Physi cian Holland, that each of the eleven third stage consumptives, placed under the treament obtained from Dr. Amick of Cincinnati, by the city authorities several weeks ago, have improved to a degree almost miraculous. The results as given to the press by Ward's Island Hospital, New York, while equally sen sational, were not so comprehensive, and local medical men claim that this is the most complete demonstration that consumption is curable, thus far made. The Times says the eleven pa tients to whom were administered Ur. Amick’s medicines are so far improved that their appetites have returned. They sleep well at night, have no night sweats, the irritating cough has disap peared, and they feel much stronger in every way. Local physicians report similar results in private practice from medicines furnished them by the Cin cinnati doctor and all apparently agree that it is the most important discovery medi'.ul science has yet brought to light Future Plane In the Dark. Washington, August 3.—Representa tive Catchings, leading member of the house committee on rules, was an early caller on Mr. Crisp today and remained in the speaker's rooms during the after noon. He says the rules will probably be adopted very soon after the house is called to order and that there is no po litical reason for any radical revision. . Members of the house now in Wash ington are still in the dark as to the date of the democratic house caucus. There are as yet very few representa tives in the city. It is impossible that there will be a caucus of the majority of the senate this week. Senator Gor man, the chairman of the democratic caucus in the senate, is here, but has not yet issued a call. It will be neces sary for the democratic senators to get together and decide upon a line of pol icy respecting the question which will probably be the first to engage' serious attention in the senate—namely, the right of admission of three senators from the northwest whose titles have been challenged—but Senator Gorman feels that there is no need for haste in the matter, and the caucus will proba bly not be held before the middle of next week. Loa* Owr Sl.500.000. May's Landing, N. Y., Aug. j—The fire which has burned for a week in Burlington county, along the Mullica river, has exhausted itself. A careful estimate places the damages to build ings at 5150,00.); to timber, $1,300,000. and to the crop of cranberries, $75,000. World's Fair Finances. Chicago, Aug. 3.— In regard to the financial condition of the exposition company President Higginbotham gave out the statement today that it was im possible to give exact figures concern ing the indebtedness of the fair at this time, but a full statement will be ready this week. The assertion that 51.000.000 would not put the fair out of debt was entirely false. The amount of indebtedness was comparatively trivial. ■ Cincinnati, O., Aug. 7th.—Cr. W. C. Peasley, of Salt Lake City, who it was feared would die on his way here to place himself under the Amick treat ment for consumption at the Cincinnati Hospital, reached here almost too weak to speak, but confident of being cured. CONDITIONAL REPEAT, HOW THE SHERMAN ACT WILL BE TREATED. BepreMntetlve o>tw Bays President Cleveland Mast Mat Part Company with the Chicago Platform—Mr. Bland, the Chnmplon of Free Coinage, on Hand—Confrauman Springer Thinks the Seeelon will be a Short one—Got. Bolee of Iowa Declines to be a Candi date for the Thtrd Term— The Thous ands of Idle Men In the Streets of Mew York. DImdhI>( the Situation. Washington, August 4.—“If the pres ident parts company with the Chicago platform I believe his party will part company with him,” were the signifi cant words uttered by Representative Oates this afternoon as he discussed the situation. The Chicago platform, upon which he was nominated and which the people endorsed in such thundering tones last November, calls for the re peal of the Sherman law and the main tenance of gold and silver as money upon a parity. Any scheme which con templates the abandonment of silver is antagonistic to that declaration of principles, and will not be supported by the ■ congress that is to convene next week. There can, in my opinion, be no unconditional repeal of the Sher man law. If the president has set out to repeal the Sherman act without offering anything in its place, he has Bet up a platform not in accordandance with that upon which he went before the people.” Mr. Oates looks for the repeal of the Sherman law with a condition that will provide for the free coinage of silver at an increased ratio. Senator George came in tbday from Georgia. So far as the silver question is concerned the senator plants himself upon the platform he has upheld in all his speeches in the senate, and says he is a friend of silver and he has not changed his views one whit Senator Squire of Washington is one of the few western senators who takes the ground that the president should be allowed to deal with the silver ques tion in his own discretion. He believes that it would be good policy for con gress to pass a joint resolution permit ting the president to suspend the oper ation of the silver purchase section of the Sherman law at his own discretion. ■ Mr. Bland, the champion of free coin age, arrived today and was seen in con sultation with members of his faith who are in the city. He said the friends of silver had agreed upon no plan of campaign, other than that they were opposed to the repeal of the Sherman law unless they were first given free coinage of silver. Mr. Bland, in speak ing of the ratio, said he saw no reason to change that now in force. So far as the possibility of repeal was concerned Mr. Bland was emphatic in his declara tion that the unconditional repeal of the' purchasing clause could not be ac complished in either house. Boston, Aug. 4.—Senator Henry Cabot Lodge will leave for Washing ton Saturday. Said he in an interview: “I think congress will repeal the pur chasing clause of the Sherman act, although it may not be done quite so promptly as is hoped here. I do not underrate the necessity for some affirm ative measures in regard to the cur rency. Something ought to be done looking to the sale of the silver bullion in the treasury, under proper limita tion, for gold. Some amendments ought also to be made to the national bank act. But these measures can wait and can be much better handled after the repeal is disposed of.” _ ' Will Make Short Work of It. Washington, Aug. 4.—Representa tive Springer of Illinois, chairman of the ways and means committee of the last congress, was at the capital today' In brief his opinion is that congress will not be in session more than a week or ten days in August In that time hopeful Mr. Springer thought the silver purchase clause of the Sherman act would be repealed and the ways and means committee empowered to draft a tariff bill for submission to congress when it reconvenes, which should be some time in October. As to the tariff, it would be impossible for the ways and means committee to do justice to the subject while the house is in constant session. There were too many disturb ing elements and the surroundings are not favorable for wise and safe legisla tion. But if the committee was em powered to prepare a bill and allowed to go to some quiet place on the sea shore or elsewhere and pursue its labors unmolested, the result would be a sat isfactory bill. Touching the course of the ways and means committee in deal ing with the tariff Springer said it would doubtless report one general tariff bill instead of a series of specific bills Boles Declines to Ran. Deb Moines, 1%., August 4.—Governor Boies yesterday gave to the press a let ter in which he declines to be a candi date for renomination for governor. As his reasons he assigns the follow ing: "I am conscientiously opposed to third terms in an oflice so important as that of governor of a great state and in this view the unbroken precedents of political interest in our state teach that my views are in substantial accord with those of the masses of all our peo ple.” The governor, continuing, says he wants the party to stand squarely by its position in favor of the election of United States senator by the people, but thinks that this year would be un necessarily forcing a national issue into the campaign and so he advises the party to make no nominations for the United States senate. He indicates prohibition and nonpartisan manage ment of state institutions as the two issues which his party ought to make prominent this year. The letter is so definite that his party will be com pelled to accept it. He does not say whether or not ho will refuse to be a‘ candidate for the senate before the next legislature. New York*. Idle Thousands. New York, August 4.—The World tomorrow will have a long article indi eating that the overrun by an army 0VL, tistics from *01 'die *au tistics from fiftvlo”* ‘ule **>.1 Vork City go to s'CTt^J trades alone over 36 oon^ ** ‘ work. This repre^M "“"to, that thousands am iJOa 11 “a the west andthat imm^^ t rying in New York nation in the western^, pointed out that the *?™ being daily increased bj^0' down of factories **• 1 Pension KesolotlonTjuL, Superior, Neb., Aug. tTE* j reunion here, at a meetiugofcl Army of the Republic elutions on the^l ^ adopted: 4^««Uoa i ^e soldiers for the nnu. in N*braska »»i Kansas, inT’J reunion assembled at Superb!* cannot but view with alar® ft’ of the government at Washing 1 «ve to the suspension of^S being paid to our comrade, u ' of their service to our hour of its great need *1 them in their time of need .SI t^l1Dg a 8Pirit 01 undue rttSl eby’ as,an expression of