‘bricks without straw
Dr. Talmage Preaches On the Bur
den of Egypt.
A Continuation of Obarrrat’oni Mode
Daring Ilia «?ouin*jr through the
Holy Land Con fir motor jr of tho
Holy gcrlpturaa.
Brooklyn, N. V., Nor. 1, 1801.—The
Tabernacle was thronged os usual this
morning'. The vast cdiflco, filled to its
utmost capacity with eager listeners,
■hows how the popular preacher re
tains his power over the people. Al
though he has been preaching in Brook
lyn for more thnn twenty-four years,
his audiences were never so large as
now, and although the largest Protest
ant church In America has been built
for Mm there never was a time when
so many persons were turned away for
lack of room. Tho subject of this
morning's Bermon was “Bricks With
out Straw,” a continuation of the se
ries on the confirmation of holy scrlpt
uro which Dr. Talmngo found in his
journey from tho Pyramids to tho
Acropolis. Ills text was Isaiah, 10:1:
“The burden of Egypt”
What is all this excitement about in
the streets of Cairo, Egypt, this De
cember morning, 1880? St and back 1
We lieur loud voices and see the crowds
of people retreating to the sides of the
street Tho excitement of others be
oomes our own excitement Footmen
come in sight They have a rod in tho,
hand aud tasseled cap on head, and
their arms and feet are bare. Their
garb is black to the waist, except as
threaded with gold, aud the rest is
white. They uro clearing the way for
an official dignitary in a chariot or car
riage. They are swift aud sometimes
run thirty or forty miles> at a stretch
in front of an equipage. Make wayl
They are the fleetest-footed men on
•arth, but soon die, for the human
frame was not made for such endur
ance. I asked all around me who the
man in the carriage was, but no pne
seemed to know. Yet os 1 fell back
with the rest to the wall I said, This
is the old custom found all up and
down the Bible, footmen running be
fore the rulers, demanding obeisance,
as in Genesis before Joseph's chariot
the people were commanded, “Bow the
knee," and as I see the swift feet o
the men followed by the aw.ft feet of
the horses, how those old words of Jer
emiah rushed through my mind: ”.f
thou host run with the footmen and
they have wearied thee, how canst
thou contend with horses?"
Now, my hearers, in this course of
sermons I am only serving you as foot
man, and clearing the way for your
coming into the wonders of Egyptol
ogy, a subject that I would have you
study far beyond anything that can be
said in the brevity of pulpit utterance.
Two hundred and eighty-nine times
does the Bible refer to Egypt and the
Egyptians. No wonder, for Egypt was
the mother of nations. Egypt, the
mother of Greece; Greece, the mother
of Rome; Rome, the motherof England;
England, the mother of our own land.
According to that, Egypt is our great
great grandmother. On other Babbaths
I left you studying what they must
have been in their glory; the Hypostylo
hall of Karnac. the architectural mir
acles at Luxor, tho colonnade of Ho
remheb, the cemeteries of Memphis,
the va ue of a kingdom in one monu
ment, the Sphinx, which with lips ot
-etpne loud enough to be heard
'across the centuries, Heliopolis and
Zoan. the conundrum of archaeologist:*.
But all that extravagance of palace
and temple and monument was the
«auso of an oppression high as heaven,
and deep as hell. The weight of those
blocks, heavier than any modern ma
chinery could lift, came down upon
the Hebrew slaves, and their blood
mixed the iportar for the trowels
tie saw again anu aguin on anu
along the Nile a boss workman roughly
smite a subordinate who did not please
him. It is no rare occurrence to see
long lines of men under heavy burdens
passing by tusk-masters at short dis
tances, lashing them as they go by into
greater speed, and then these workmen,
exhausted with the blasting heats of
the day, lying down upon the bare
ground, suddenly chilled with the
night air, crying out in prayer, “Yal
Allah!" “Ya! Allah!" which means
Oh! God! Oh! God! Hut what must
have been the olden times cruelty
shown by the Egyptians towards their
Israeliti-h slaves is indicated by a pic
ture in the ileni-ilnssan tombs, where
a man is held down on his face by two
men and another holds up the victim's
feet while the official beat the bare
back of the victim, every stroke, 1 have
no doubt, fetching the blood.
Now you see how the 1‘haraohs could
afford to bund such costly works. It
cost them nothing for wages, nothing
but the tear and blood of the toilers,
and tears and blood are a cheap driuk
for devils. “Ilrieks without straws"
may not suggest so much hardship
nntil you know that the bricks were
usually made with "crushed straw,”
straw crushed by tho feet of the oxen
l in tho threshing, and, this crushed
straw denied to the workmen, they
: bad to pick up here and there a piece
of stuble or gather rushes from the
waterside. This story of the bible is
confirmed by the fact that many of the
brick walls of Egypt have ou the
lower layers brick made with straw,
but the higher layers of brick made
out of rough straw or rushes from the l
river bank, the truth of tho book of j
Exodus thus written in the brick walls i
discovered by the modern explorers. !
That governm ntal outrage has!
always been a characteristic of Egyp
tian rulers. Taxation to the point of
starvation was the Egyptian rule in
bible time as well as it is in our
'own time. A modern traveler gives
tho figures concerning the cultivstion
of seventeen acres, the value of the
yield of the field stated in piasters;
Produce.1,803
Espouses. 9M8%
Clear produce .'. 808%
Taxes. 493
Amount cleared by the farmer.... 815%
Or,as my authority declares seventy
per cent, of what the Egyptian farmer
makes, is paid for taxes to the rove'11*
mcnt. Mow, that is not so much tax
ation as assassination. What think
you of that? You who groan under
Heavy taxes in America? I have heard
that in Egypt the working people have
u song like this: "They starve us,
they starve us, they beat us, they beat
us, but there's some one above, who
will punish them well, who will pun
ish them well.” Hut seventy per cent,
of government tax in Egypt is a mercy
as compared with what the Hebrew
slaves suffored there in bible times.
[ They got nothing but food hardly lit
for a dog, and their clothing was of
one rag, and their roof a burning
sky by day and the stars of heaven by
night.
i non began slavery m Egypt. 1 no
government owned all the Hebrews.
And let modern lunatics, who in
America propose handing over tele
graph companies and railroads and
other things to be run by the govern
ment see the folly of letting gov
ernment get its hands on everything.
I would ruther trust the people than
any government the United .Statesever
hud or ever will have. Woe worth the
uay when legislators and congresses
| and administrations get possession of
anything more than it is neeessaty for
them to buve. That would be the re
vival in this land of that old Egyptian
tyranny for which (lod has never hud
anything but red-hot thunderbolts.
Hut through such unwise processes
Israel was enslaved in Egypt, and the
long line of agonies began all up and
down the Nile. Heuvicr and sharper
fell the lash, hungrier and ghastlier
grew the workmen, louder and longer
went up the prayer, until three millions
of the enslaved were crying. "Ya!
Allah: Yal Allah I” Oh I (lod! Oh!
(lod!
Where was help to come from? Not
the throne, l’haraoh sat upon that.
Not the army, Phuraoh's officers com
manded that. Not surrounding na
tiona Phuraoh’s threat made them all
tremble. Not the gods Ammon and
Osiris, or the goddess Isis, for Pharaoh
built their temples out of the groans of
this diabolical servitude, liut one hot
day the princess Thonoris, the daugh
ter of Pharaoh, while in her bathing
house on the banks of the Nile, has
word brought her that there is a baby
afloat on the river in a cradle made out
of big leaves. Of eourse there is ex
citement all up and down the basics,
for an ordinary baby in an ordinary
cradle attracts smiling attention, but
un infant in a cradle of papyrus ro, k
lug on a river urouseB not only admira
tion but curiosity. Who made that
boat? Who made it water-tight w^tli
bitumen? Who launched it? Reckless
of the crocodiles who lay basking
themselves in the sun, the maidens
wade in and snatch np the child, and
first one carries him, and then an
other carries him, and all the way up
the bank he runs the gauntlet of
caresses, till Thonoris rushes out of the
bathing house and says: "Beautiful
foundling, I will adopt you as my own.
You shall yet wear the Egyptlau'crown
and sit on the Egyptian throne." No!
No! No! He is to be the emancipator
of the nebrewa Tell it in all the
brick kilns. Tell it among all those
who are writhing under the lash, tell
it among all the castles of Memphis
and Heliopolis and Zoan and Thebes,
liefore him a sea will part On a
mountain top, alone, this one will re
ceive from the Almighty a law that is
to be the foundation of all good law
while the world lasts.
llut Moses, are you going to under
take the impossibilities? You feel that
you are going to free the Hebrews from
bondage. But wheie is your army?
tVhero is your navy? Not a sword
have you, not a spear, not a chariot,
not a horse. Ah! Uod was on his side
and he has an army of his own. The
snow storms arc on Hods side. Witness
the snow banks in which the French
army of invasion wore buried on their
way back from Moscow. Tim rain is
on His side. Witness the 18th of June
at Waterloo when the tempest so sat*
united the road tfczt the attack could
not be made On Wellington's forces
until 11 o'clock and he was strong
enough to hold out until re-enforce
ments arrived. Had that battle been
opened at 5 o'clock in the morning in
stead of at 11 the destiny of Kurope
would have been turned the wrong
[ way. The heavy rain decided every
i thing. So also are the winds and the
I waves on Hod’s side. »> itness the
Armada with one hundred and fifty
ships and two thousand six hun
dred and fifty guns and eight
thousand sailors and twenty thou
sand soldiers sent out by l’hilip
II. of Spain to conquer England.
\\ hat became of those men and that
shipping? Ask the wind and the
waves all along the English and Irish
coasts. The men and the ships nil
wrecked or drowne I or scattered. So
I expect that Moses will bo helped in
rescuing the Israelites bv a snecial
weaponry.
To the Egyptians the Nile was a
rteity. Its wates were then as now
very delicious. It was the finest nat
ural beverage of all the earth. We
have no such love for the Hudson, and
Germans have no such love for the
Rhine, and Russians have no such love
for the Volga, as the Egyptians have
love for the Nile. But one day when
1'haroah comes down to this river
Moses takes a stick and whips the
waters and they turn into the gore of
a slaughterhouse; and through the
sluices and fish ponds the incarna
dined liquid back up into the land and
the malodor whelms everything from
mud hovel to throne room. Then
came the frogs with horrible croak all
over everything. Then this people,
cleanly almost to fastidiousness, were
infested with insects that belong to
the "filthy and unkempt, and the air
buzzed and buzzed with flies, and then
the distemper started cows to bellow
ing and horses to neighing and camels
to groaning, as they rolled over and
expired. And then boils, one of which
will put a man in wretchedness, came
in clusters from the top of the head to
the sole of the foot. And then the
clouds dropped hail and light
ning. And then the locust came
in, swarms of them, worse than
the grasshoppers ever were in
Kansas, and then darkness dropped
for three days so that the people could
not s e their hand before their face,
great surges of midnight covering
them. »
The Israelitish homes, however, were
untouched. Rut these homes were full
of preparation, for now is your chance,
O ye wronged Hebrews! Snatch up
what pieces of food you can and to the
desert! Its simoons are better than
the bondage yon have suffered. Its
scorpion* will not sting so sharply as
the wrongs that hare stung you all
your livea Away! -The man who was
cradled in the basket of papyrus on
the Mile will lead you. Upt Up! This
is the night of your rescue. They
gather together at a signal. Alex
ander's armies and all the armies of
olden time were led by torches on high
poles, great crests of fire; and the
Lord Almighty kindles a torch not
held by human hunds but by omnipo
tent hand. Mot made out of struw or
oil, but kindled out of the atmosphere,
such a torch as the world never saw
before and never will see again. It
reuchcd from the earth unto the
heaven, a pillar of fire, that pillar
practically saying, "This way! March
this wayl”
Auer mree uays innrcn me xsraei
itish refugees encamped tor the night
on the bunk of the lied iSea. As the
shadows begin to fall, in the distance
is seen the host of l’haruoh in pursuit.
There were Guo finest war chariots fol
lowed by common chariots roiling at
full speed. And the rumbling of
the wheels and the curse of infuri
ated Egyptians came down with the
darkness. Hut the Lord opened the
crystal gates of Bahr-el-Kulzum ana
the enslaved Israelites passed into lib
erty and then the crystal gates of the
sea rolled shut against the Egyptian
pursuers. It was about 2 o'clock in the
morning when the interlocked axel
trees of the Egyptian chariots could
not move an inch either way. llut the
Ked fcea unhitched the horses, and un
lielmeted the warriors, and left the
proud host a wreck on the Arubian
sands. Then two choruses arose, und
Moses led the men in the one, and
Miram led the women in the other, and
the women beat tune with their foot.
The record says: "All the women went
out after her with timbrels and witn
dances. And Miram answered them.
‘Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath tri
umphed gloriously; the horse and his
rider hath he thrown into the sea. ’"
What a thrilling story of endurance
and victory. The greatest triumph of
llundel's genius was shown in his im
mortal dramatic oratoria, "Israel in
Egypt.” lie had given to the world
the oratprio of "Esther and Deborah”
and "Athuiiah,” but reserved for his
mightiest exertion at the full height
of his powers the marshalling
of all musical instruments to
the description in harmony of the
scenes on which we this morning
dwell, lie gave twenty-seven days to
this production, with its twenty-eight
choruses, enthralling his own time and
all after time with his “Israel in
Egypt.”
Another burden of Egypt to be
lifted is the burden of Mohammedan
ism, although there are some good
things about that religion. Its disci
ples must always wash before they
pray, and that is five times a day. A
commendable grace is cleanliness.
Strong drink is positively forbidden by
Moliuiume anism, and though some
may have seen a drunken Mohamme
dan, 1 never saw one. It is a religion
of sobriety. Then they are not
ashamed of their devotions. When the
cull for prayers is sounded from the
minarets the Mohammedan immedi
ately unrolls the rug on the ground
and falls on his knees, and crowds of
spectators are to him no embarass
ment: reproof to many a Christian who
omits his prayers if people arc looking.
Hut M< hammedanism, with its polyg
amy, blights everything it touches.
Mohammed, its founder, hod four
wives, and his followers are the ene
mies of good womanhood. Moham
medanism puts its curse on all Egyp ,
and by setting up a sinful Arab higher
than the immaculate Christ, is an over
whelming blasphemy. May G d help
the brave and consecrated missionaries
who are spending their lives in com
batting it
Hut before I forget it I must put
more emphasis upon the fact that the
last outrage that resulted in the liber
ation of the Hebrews was their being
compelled to make bricks without
| straw. That was the last straw that
i broke the camel’s back. God would
| allow the de potlsm against his people
to go no further. Making brides with
out straw 1
That oppression still goes on. De
mand of your wife appropriate ward
robe and bountiful table without pro
viding the means necessary: Uricas
without straw. Cities demanding in
the public school faithful and success
ful instruction without giving the
teachers competent livelihood: Bricks
without straw. United States govern
ment demanding of senators and con
gressmen at Washington full attend
ance to the interests of the people, but
on compensation which may have done
well enough when twenty-live cents
went as far as a dollar now, but in
these times not sufficient to preserve
their influence and respectability:
llrieks without straw. In many parts
of the land churches demanding of
pastors vigorous sermons and sympa
thetic service on starvation salary;
sanctified Ciceros on S400 a year,
liricks without straw. That is one
reason why there are so many poor
bricks. In all departments bricks not
even, or bricks that crumble, or bricks
that are not bricks at all. Work ade
qxiately paid for is worth more than
work not paid for. More straw and
then better tricks.
hut in all departments there are
Pharaohs: Sometimes capital a Phar
aoh, and sometimes labor a Pharaoh.
When capital prospers, and makes
large percentage on investments, and
declines to consider the needs of the
operatives, and treats them as so many
human machines, their nerves no more
than the bands on the factory wheel—
then capital is a Pharaoh. On the other
hand, when wdrkmeu, not regarding
the anxieties and business struggles
of t o firm employing them, and at a
time when the firm are doing their
best to meet an imponant contract
and need all hands busy to accomplish
it, at such a time to have his employees
make a strike and put their employers
into extreme perplexity and severe
loss—then labor becomes a Pharaoh of
the worst oppression, and must look
out for the judgments of God.
When in Dec cm ber of 1880, at the
museum Jit lioulac, Egypt, 1 looked at
the mummies of the old Pharaohs, the
very miscrea:fjs who diabolized centur
ies, and 1 saw their teeth and
hair and finger nails and the
flesh drawn tight over their
cheek bones, the sarcophagi of these
dead monarchs side by side, and I was
so fascinated I could only with diffi
culty get away from the spot, I was
not looking upon the last of the Pha
raohs. All over the world old mer
chants playing the Pharaoh overyoung
merchants, old lawyers playing the
Pharaoh over young lawyers, old doc
tors playing the Pharaoh over youny
doctors, old artists playing the Pha
raoh over young artists, old ministeri
plaving the Pharaoh over young min
isters. Let all oppressors whether in !
homes, in churches, in storos, in otiices. ;
in factories, in social life or political j
life, in private life or public life know
that (lod hates oppressors, and they
will all come to grief here or hereafter
Pharaoh thought he did a fine tiling, a
cunning thing, a decisive thing wnen
for the complete extinction of the
Hebrews in Egypt he ordered all the
Hebrew boys massacred, but he did not
find it so fine a thing when his own
first-born that night of the destroying
ungel dropped dead on the mosaic lloor
at the foot of the porphyry pillar of i
tlie palace. Let all the Pharaohs take i
warning. Some of the worst of them
are on a small scale in households as
when a man, because his arm is strong
and his voice loud, dominates liis poor
wife into a domestic slavery. Thera
are thousands of such cases where the
wife is a lifetime serf, her opinion dis
regarded, her tastes insulted, and her
existence a wrctcneancss though the
world may not know it. It is a Pha
raoh that sits at the head of that table,
and a Plmraoh that tyrannizes that
home. There is no more abhorrent
Pharaoh than a domestic Pharaoh
There are thousands of women to
whom death is passage from Egvpt to
Canaan, because they get rid of a cruel
taskmaster. What an accursed mon
ster is that man who keeps his wife in
dread about family expensos, and
must be cautious how she introduces
an article of millinery, or womanly
wardrobe without humiliating consul
tation and apology. Who is that
man acting so? l«'or six months—in
order to win that woman's heart, lie
sent her every few duys a bouquet
wound with white ribbon, and an en
dearing couplet, und took her to con
certs and theaters, and helped her into
carriages as though she were a princ
ess, und run across the room to pick up
her pocket-handkerchief, and on the
marriage day promised all that the
liturgy required, saying, *'I vvili!”witli
an emphasis that excited the admira
tion of all spectators. Hut now he be
grudges her a cents for a postage
stamp and wonders why she. rides
across Urooklyn bridge when the foot
passage costs nothing. Ho thinks now
she is awful plain, and he acts like the
devil, while he thunders out, “Where
(lid you get that new hat from? That’s
where my money goes. Where's niv
breakfast? l)o you call that coffee?
Didn't I tell you to sew on that button?
Want to see your mother, do you? You
are always going to see your mother!
What are you whimpering about?
Hurry up now and get my slippers!
Whcro's the newspaper?’’ The tone,
the look, the impatience—the cruelty
of a Pharaoh. That is what gives so
many women a cowed-down look.
Hut it rolls over on mo with great
power the thought that we have all
been slaves down in Egypt, and sin has
been our taskmaster, and again and
again we have felt its lash. Unt Christ
has been our Moses to lead us out of
bondage, and we are forever free.
The lied sea of a Saviour’s sac
rifice rolls deep and wide between
ns and our aforetime bondage,
and though there may be deserts yet
for us to cross we are on the way tci the
; promised land. Thanks be unto Cod
for this emancipating gospel! Come
; tip out of Egypt all ye wlio aro yet cn
! slaved. What Christ did for us he wi!i
I do for you. •■Exodus!” is the word.
! Exodus! Instead of the brick-kilns of
Egypt eome into the empurpled vine
yards of God where one cluster of
grapes is bigger than the one that the
spies brought to the Israelites by the
brook Esehol, though that cluster was
so large that it was borne “between
two upon a staff. ”
Welcome all by siji oppressed.
Welcome to his sacred rest:
Nothing brought him from above,
Nothing but redeeming lovo.
xae Fan in Japan.
The fan is an inseparable part of the
Japanese dress. A native is rarely
without a fan. It is his shelter from
the sun, his notebook and iiis play
thing. The varieties of these paper
funs would form a curious collection
in res|)ect to fnnn ns well as quality.
The highest-priced fan lliat was used
in the days of seclusion from the outer
world was not more than 5 yep, or 15
shillings; but now they have been
made to order for foreigners as dear
as £2 to £3. The general prices of
ordinary fans range from 2 shillings to
guineas per 100. There aro many
curious uses for fans iu Japan. The
umpire at wrestling und fencing
matches uses a heavy one. shaped like
a huge butterlly. the handle being Hio
body, and rendered imposing hv heavy
cords of silk. The various motions of
the fan constitute a language, wnicli
the wrestlers fully understand and
appreciate. Formerly, in time of war,
the Japanese commander used a large
fan, having a frame of iron covered
with lliick pajier. In case of danger
it could lie shut, and a blow from its
iron boucs was uo light affair. One
notable variety of fan is made of
water-proof paper,which cm lie dipped
iu water, and creates great coolness
by evaporaliou. without welling the
dollies.—'the t'nper Mill.
Xbe Oriental Joe Miller.
The Oriental Joe Miller is parent to
many jests that ure still current among
j us. For instance, u preacher in a mos
qno began the history of Noah with
inis citation from the K‘>rau: ‘-I have
called Noah." Unluckily ho forgot
jtlie rest of the verso and repeated the
i same words over again. At last an
Arab exclaimed: “If Noah will not
come, call somebody else." I'
careful was nnolher, who was sliei. .is
well. One Friday, when llio muezzin
rang out the call for prayer, he mount
ed the pulpit iu the mosque nud asked
tlio people if they knew about what he
intended to preach to them. “No,” one
of them replied. “Well, then. I shall
uot tell you." and he stepped down.
The next Friday he asked the same
question, aud now. taught by experi
ence, they answered, “Yes. we know.”
“Well, if you kuow, you do not need
me to tell you." and again be stepped
down. The third Friday, when llio
same inquiry was made, the people
said: “Some of us know and some
don’t know." "In that case." the
preacher rejoined, "let those of you
who kuow tell those of you who don't
kuow." Aud again there was no ser
mon.
PUEBLO INDIANS.
tkt ffamm, ttnblta, and Customs nr tho
National Baem of Now Mexico.
Of nil the native people that rpmain
In Kuril) America, none is richer in
folk-lore than the Puehlo Indians of
New Mex co, who are, I believe, next
to the hi fire* t of the native races left
in the United States. They number
nine thousand souls. They have nine
teen cities (called pueblos, also) in this
Territory, nud seven in Arizona; and
each has its litt'o outlying colonies.
They are not cities in size, it is true,
for the largest (Zuni) has only fifteen
hundred people, and the smallest only
about one huudred; but cities they are.
nevertheless. And each city, with its
iields. is a wee republic—twenty-six of
the smallest, and perhaps tho" oldest,
republics in tho world, for they were
already such when the first .European
eyes saw America. Each has its gov
ernor, its council, its sheriffs, its war
captains, nnd other ofiicials who are
elected annually; its laws, unwritten
but unalterable, which are more re
spected nnd butter enforced tlinn the
laws of any American community; its
permanent and very comfortable
houses, and its broad fields, confirmed
first by Spain nnd later by patents of
the United States.
Tlie architecture of the pueblo
houses is quaint end characteristic.
In the remote pueblos they are as
many us six stories in height—built
somewhat in the shape of an enormous
terraced pyramid. The Pueblos along
the Rio Grande, however, have felt
the iulluence of Mexican customs, and
tiieir houses have but one and two
stories. All their buildings, including
the lingo, quaint church, which each
pueblo lias, are made of stone plaster*
ed with adobe mild, or of great sun
dried bricks of adobe. They are the
most comfortable dwellings in the
southwest—cool in summer and warn)
in winter.
The' Pueblos are divided into six
trilies, each speaking a quito distinct
language of its own. Islotu. the quaint
village where I live in an Indian
house, with Indian neighbors, and
under Indian laws, is tho southern
most of pueblos, tlie next largest of
them all. and the chief city of tho Tce
wahn race. All the languages of the
Pueblo tribes are exceedingly difficult
to learn.
Besides the cities now inhabited, the
ruins of about fifteen hundred oilier
pueblos—and some of them tho noblest
ruins in the country—dot the brown
valleys and rocky mesa-tops of New
Mexico. All these ruins are of stone,
and are extremely interesting. The
implacable savages by whom they
were surronuded made necessary the
abandonment of hundreds of .pueblos.
The Pueblo Indians have for nearly
two centuries given almost no trouble
to the European sharers of thoir do
main; hut their wars of defense agaiust
the savage tribes who surrounded them
completely, with Hie Apaches, Nava
jos, Cotuanches, and Utes. lusted until
u very few years ago. They are valiant
fighters for their homes, but prefer
auy honorable |ieace. Th% are not
indolent. but industrious— tilling their
farms, tending their stock, aud' keep
ing all their affairs in order. The
women own the houses and their eon
tents, and do not work outside; and
the men coutrol the fields nud crops.
Au unhappy home is almost an un
known thing among them; and the
uuiversul affection of pareuts for child
ren aud respect of children for parents
are extraordinary. I have never seen
a child unkindly treiited, a parent
saucily addressed, or a playmate
abused, in all my long and intimate
acquaintance with the Pueblos.—0. A’.
Lummis, in M. Sickotaa.
What Is Oii(!*i?
It Is a popular error that cocoa and
cocoanut are in some way related—an
error "which is due to the similarity of
names, but to no other property ill
common. Cocoa is the product of
the seods of trees of the genus TUeo
bromn—the name signifying "fond for
the gods.” The trees are natives of
the tropical portions of this continent,
through they now grow, by cultiva
tion. in some of the low latitudes of
the Eastern hemisphere. At the lime
of the discovery of Yucatan, it is said'
that the.Iudians were using these seed*
as money, while in Mexico, when ii
was first visited by the Suauiards, the
Aztecs in.from them a beveragi
wilirh they called chocolatl flitcralH
"cocoa water”)—wlienco the modern
name of chocolate. The first writer to
state these facts was the Spanish ex
plorer Contain Gonzalo Fernandez de
Oviedo y Valdes, who wrote about the
middle of i he sixteenth ceiiturt regard
ing the origin of the new beverage,
which was at that time first nitracting
attention in some of tho European
countries.
There are several species of the genns
Theobromn, the most valuable of which
is the 'Jhcobrumtt Cacao, which is fre
quently spoken of as the cocoa tree, in
distinction from other members of the
genus. This tree is extensively culti
vated in the countries lying near the
equator on this continent, and lias
been introduced with success into
similar latitudes in Asia aud Africa.
1l usually grows to a height of some
twenty feet, though occasionally at*
taming to thirty or thirty-lire. The
trunk grows iu a straight stem to the
height of from six to ten fesT^T'
divides Into nnmer&ua branch**®8 *
fruit of the tree ripen. twiwh ^
., »«i«eoa twice .
and may be compared to tlm ... y**»
■« *•-Jrays
lenitth. red on the aide ninw ~ ■>
sweetish, ploasan'tiy^flaMrij*''1* 1
embedded in whioh are about
beans, the size of large almond. l
of which is inclosed fu a th?n L* •'!
brown scale or skin, which wiT
broken aud separated from tha uM
bean or kernel forms U.e cocoa .hen
<>f commerce, which are often used •
the preparation of a verv mild
healthful beverage. The‘tree „,»aw
its full vigor and'productiveoes. wi»,
aeveu or eight years old. and will vbl
a satisfactory crop for nerhaps twcaa
years or more. The average yield S
a tree is from twenty to thirty* pouB2
of driod beans in a year. J l^ n<*
The ripened pods are gather*
twice a year, and after being pick*
from the tree are allowed to lie »n!
ferment for some live or six davsi h!
log either kept in earthen vessels »
piled in heaps on the grouud. Th.t
are then opened by hand, the teal
are removed from the pulp and dried
either by the snn or artificially. Then
is another method, net so awreeabk
in contemplation, but which is"sai(l ti
yield an even hotter qnalitv of cocoa
in that case tho fruit is buried in the
ground till the pulp has deenved, whei
the seeds are dug out and the produo
is sold ah cacao terre.—Qood Uotut
Sunset on Tillamook Bay.
Far out over the long black sea bill
lows, ocenu's vapors arise, pnss. and
change, group themselves auil revolve
round the great, central, luniinow
orb. nnd these dissolve and resum»
themselves, here assume beauty and
there terror. Domes of gold, realms
of bennty, unfold nn image of splsndol
and solemn repose. The night ilewi
are falling, ull is somber and still, thi
indistinct light reveals war in the
skies, the armies of gold o'er the em
battled. mountains rise and rest, white
far up in the dim airy crags the shape
less fleecy clouds which seem to be
brilliant fragments of sooio golden
world, hover in the light around tin
rims of the sunset. Then all these
phantasmagoria! images wane dim and
draw off slowly in sileuce. to meet the
powers of night, which now gathering
afar, baffle tho last smile of the sun ia
his setting. In this last light of day,
a ship fur away and asleep on the
waves now _ mingles with the wild
shapes of this cloud world, but lasts
ouly awhile, for the sun has gone
down and all the purple and gold ia
the west has turned ashen. The bay,
from whose glimmering lights the
last transient pomp of the pageant*
of sunset departed, drew into its
bosom the darkness.—Tillamook Wald*
tower.
“All Sixes and Sevens.*’
"How are you coming on, Uncle
Moser
••Poorly, poorly, thnnk God."
“What’s the inalterP”
*T has seben gals to support boss.
Hit costs a power of money to fill np
seben raoufs free times a day.”
“Yes, but I heard one of your
daughters was goiug to be married,so
that will only leave six to support.”
"Dat’s whar you am foolin’ yerself,
boss. Dat ar gal aai gwise ter marry
one of dese oullcd politicians, so in
stead of habiu only six to support,
men she marries. I’ll have eight ruoufs
to feed, for mighty few ob dese
poiiiicianers, white or black,, is wuffde
uowder bit would take to shoot ’em.
No, boss, it will bo eight instead obsix.
lur feed when dat gal marries, nor
countin’ de natural consequence."
A Severe Test.
The Pennsylvania Railroad company
has begun to put cast-iron car-wheels
to a very severe test. For each fifty
wheels which have been shipped or are
reudy to snip, it is provided that one
wheel shall he taken at random by tile
railroad company’s inspector—either
at the railroad company’s shops or at
the wheel manufacturer's, as the case
may be—and subjected to the follow
ing test: The wheel shall be placed
flange downward on an anvil block
weighing 1,700 pounds, set on rubble
masonry two feet deep, and having
ihree supports, not more tlmri five
indies wide, for tho wheel to rest upon.
It shall be struck centrally c* tire nub
by a weight of 140 uounds falling from
a height of twelve feet. Should the
wheel break in two or more pieces
after eight blows or less, the fifty
ivheels represented by it shall be re
jected; if. however, the wheel stands
eight blows without breaking in two
or more pieces, the fifty wheels will be
aocepted. Tho wheel for test to be
furoisned by the manufacturer in ad
dition to the fifty wheels ordered.
The Feathered Contingent.
Russia has been experimenting with
a movable pigeon loft, from which dis
patches are sent by pigeons to various
parts of au army camp. Army oflieers
are also truiniug falcons to eaten
pigeons, so that in case of war tho
former cau capture the enemy’s mes
senior _ —
Catarrh in the Head
fa a constitutional and not a local disease,
and therefore it cannot be cured by local ap
p icutlons. It requires a onstitutional remedy
like Hood's Sursaparid*, which, working
thiou .h the b ood, effects a permanent cure
of catarrh by eradlcal ng the impurity whicii
causes and pr» motes the disease. 'Ihousands
of peoole testify to the success of Hood’s Sar
aapurillaas a remedy for catarrh when other
preparations had failed. H od’s Sarsapa
rilla also builds up the whole sys em, and
m ikes you feel renewed in health and
strength. All who suffer from catarrh or de
bility should certainly try Hood’* 8a: sa pari 1 a.
44I have used Hood’s Sarsaparilla lor catarrh
with satisfactory results, receiving perma
nent beuedt from it.” J. F. Hubbard, Strea
tor, III.
“I have been taking Hood’s Sarsapar
the past four years at intervals. 1 wa8t*'°" .
with catarrh, and the medicine effect© *
feet cure. I take it now whenever I feel de
tated, and it always gives me *
strength, regulates the bowels, and g
excellent appetite.” Leyi Campbell, ar
burg, W. Va., . «1#.
“My daughter ha9 had catarrh o
years. She coughed and expectorated 80
that everyone thought she had consump ^
I tried everything I heard of, but ga “ .
relief. I sent her to Florida in Septem
the winter, and there her friends adv s me
to use Hood’s Sarsaparilla- She wro f
that she had taken three bottles *n j«
felt so good In her life.” Mrs.
Williamson Street, Newport, Ky.
Hood’s Sarsaparilla
Sold by *11 drajtffUU.
by C. J. HOOD & CO ,
•1; *lx for W. Prepared only
Apothecaries, Lowell, Mae*.
IOO Doses One Dollar
Sold by all drugM»«ts. t* S •« for
by C. I. HOOD * CO, Apothecaries
rww—
Lowell, M«*
IOO Doses One Dollar