(Copyrighted 1000. All rlghli reaerred.) Hy
CHAPTER VII CONTINUED (31)
Notlco that tho school attached to
tho Otoo and Omaha mlnaion Is about
to bo transferred to the Iowa and
Sac mission, noar tho northern lino
of Kansas, appears In this Issue.
Tho samo paper, of December 20,
notes that thnro aro In tho Qtilncy
Colony Fontcnollo "about thirty
persons who camo on and commonced
tho settlement late In tho fall," and
aovoral houses had boon erected.
Tho Palladium of January 10, 1855,
explains that "gos-noo-Hah," Is equiva
lent of Omaha, and means "Blldlng,'
"which Is a favorite amusomont with
tho Omaha youth by whom wo aro sur
rounded." Tho sled was a cake of Ice
about ten Inchos wldo and ilfteon
inchoB long rounded oil at tho onds.
Sometimes In Us rapid descent tho
brlttlo vohlclo would go to plecos,
when a catastropho would happon to
the Indian boy passenger as precipi
tate, though not as fatal, as tho rcBitlt
of tho bucking automobllo of our day.
Tho Issuo of January 17 describes
tho great beauues of tho site of St.
Mary, "on the eastern shore of tho
Missouri river, four miles above tho
mouth of the Platte, and nearly op
posite tho Council Bluffs agency,
Bolloviow, Nebraska territory. . .
Tho town is Btirroundcd with scenery
or unsurpassed beauty. On tho cast
the green bluffs, rising nearly two
hundred and fifty feet above tho lovol
of tho river two miles back, stretch
along to the north and south until
they disappear in tho distant horizon.
On tho north the Mosquito creek,
Bklrtcd with beautiful trees and rarms,
appears at a dlstanco of half a mllo.
Tho south presents an open view. Tho
bluffs back of tho town aro covered
with beautiful groves of olm, oak.
hickory and black walnut." Tho aux
iliary embellishments ot this picture
In unimpaired beauty are still visible
from Bollevue, but tho ambitions town
site itself long since "moved on" and
now, no doubt, forms an Important
part of tho delta of tho Mississippi.
St. Mary was tho eastern terminus of
the considerable ferry traffic across
tho river.
On tho 7th of March thoro is notlco
that a postolllco has been established
at Bollevue with tho editor as post
master. Malls are to arrlvo and de
part twico a week; but tho postmas
ter gives warning that "As wo are
not authorized to expend anything be
yond tho avails of tho ofllco for car
rying tho malls, wo hopo our cltizons
will come forward and maKo up tho
deficiency, and thus sccuro prompt
ness and regularity In tho mall serv
ice." In this number thoro Is notlco
of a mooting of tho democracy of Ne
braska to be hold at Omaha on tho
,8th of March "for tho purposo of ef
fecting tho organization of tho demo
cratic party." Tho mooting appears
to havo been held to further tho as
pirations of B. B. Chapman to bocomo
dologato to Congress and to dlscrotllt
tho Bitting member, Mr. Giddlngs. No
actual organization of tho party was
practicable until 1858, when tho Re
publican party began to tako form,
thus Influencing tho domocrats to
united action.
In tho issuo of March 21 tho follow
lug announcement appears under tho
Heading "Bellovuo":
"Tho friends of this place boing do
BirouB of changing tho orthography of
Its namo, so as to correspond with
tho French, from which it is derived,
wo havo concluded to adopt that moth
od of spoiling."
Honcoforward, tho old spoiling,
"Bolloviow," is dropped.
It was tho duty of tho governor,
undor the organic act, to organizo' tho
territorial courts, provisionally, this
organization to contlnuo until super
seded by tho act of tho territorial leg
islature. Accordingly, by Governor
Cuming's proclamation, Fcnnor For
ruBon, chlof justlco o.. tho Bitpromo
court, was asBlgned as Judge of tho
first judicial district, which comprised
Iho counties of Douglas and Dodgo;
Edward R, Hardon, assoclato justlco,
was assigned to tho second judicial
district, ombracing nil that part of tho
territory lying south of tho Platte
river; nnd James Bradley, tho other
associate Justice, was assigned to the
3d district, comprising tho counties
of Burt and Washington. A term of
tho supremo court was to bo hold at
tho scat of government boglnping on
tho third Monday of February, 1855.
Tho first terms of court In tho sev
eral districts wero to bo held as fol
lows: First district, at Bollovuo, on
tho socond Monday in March, 1855;
socond district, at Nebraska City, on
tho third Monday In March; third dis
trict, at Florence, on tho first Monday
In April. Thereafter tho times and
places of holding tho courts woro to
be rogulatod by tho general assembly.
"Accordingly, on Monday, March 12,
1855, tho first court of record ovor
held In tho torritory, tho district court
of tho first judicial district, with juris
diction practically like our presont dis
trict court, was opened at tho mission
house, Bollevue, by Fennor Forguson.
chlof justlco; Ell R. Doylo, marshal."
Tho Palladium (March 21, 1855) in
forms us that, "Tho court was "organ
ized by tho cholco ot Silas A. Strlek
land of Bollevue, clork. Sovoral for
eign born residents mado their decla
ration of intention to bocomo citizens.
No other business of Importance com
ing up, tho court adjourned to April
12." But this wns not tho first bos
eion of a court of record in Nebraska.
The first sosslon of tho supremo court,
according to tho governor's proclama
tion, mot in Omaha on tho 19th of
Mtstor of
authentic, Complete
courtesy of Editor nnd Publlehr re ol Morton's Hlatory, the Publlahera Newspaper Union of Lin
coln, Nebraska, It permitted Ha reproduction In papen of
February; and tho Palladium (Febru
ary 21) tells us that, "Tho first ses
sion of tho supremo court of Nebraska
Is now being hold at tho capltol. Hon.
Fennor Ferguson, chief Justice, pre
siding. Tho court convened on Mon
day, tho 19th Inst. J. Sterling Morton,
of Bolloviow, has been appointed clerk
of tho court. Hon. E. R. Harden is
provented by indisposition from at
tendance, sinco tho first day of tho
session. He is at his lodgings at Bollo
viow, where every attention to his
health and comfort Is bestowed."
Tho efllorcscont rhetoric and per
functory bombast, which prccludo apt
ideas, and perhaps disguise or illus
trate tho inherent dulncBS of many of
tho addressos at theso formal judicial
openings, almost excito tho risibility
of present-day matter-of-fact readers;
and they show that the judges of theso
courts exported surplus political ma
terial of tho older states were, as we
should expect, not Infrequently men
of commonplace parts.
CHAPTER VIII.
Second Legislature Second Congres
sional Campaign Political Condi
tions. Thero was little diversion In the
territory during the year 1855, from
the time of adjournment of the 1st
legislature, except tho small politics
of tho aspirants for tho offices to bo
filled at the fall elections. The dreams
of Mr. Henn and others of tho or
ganlzors about a rapid Increase of
population had not como true.
The first, or Cuming census, fur
nishes no data for comparison ex
cept to Illustrate its unreliability. By
that census the first district, which
comprised substantially the counties of
Pawnee and Richardson, waB credited
with a population of 851. After the
lapse of a year, during which there
was some Immigration, theso two
counties yielded only 441 pooplo to
the census of 1855. On the other
hand, while the counties of Forney i
and Pierce in 1854 had but G14 people,
In 1855 their successors, Nomaha and .
Otoo, had respectively 004 and 1,188.
Otoo no doubt felt plenary satlsfac
1. .i i i . i . . ..i.. iut....t.. '
lion in so (U'cihivimv uuisu iiu""
Douglas, her rival of tho North Platte.
But the nctive colonizing on the part
of both slavery and anti-slavery in
terests diverted most of the immigra
tion to Kansas, which as early as Feb
ruary, 1856, boasted a population, such
as It was, of 8,601.
Undor tho act of tho 1st legislature
tho governor appointed Charles B.
Smith as territorial auditor, B. P.
Rankin, territorial treasurer, and Jas.
S. Izard, librarian. Minor officers for
tho Boveral counties were also ap
pointed by the governor, and tho terms
of all theso officers continued until
tholr successors wore elected In No
vember, 1855.. On the 15th of October,
1855, Governor Izard Issued a procla
mation announcing that an election
would bo bold on tho first Tuesday
In November of tho year named to
choose a dologato to Congress, a ter
ritorial auditor, treasurer and libra
rian, twenty-six members of tho lower
houso of tho general assembly, and in
tho several counties a probate judge,
sheriff, county register, county treas
urer and county surveyor; and each
precinct should elect two justices of
the peace and two constables.
A district attorney for each judicial
district of tho torritory was to be
olected also. Tho first district em
braced all tho counties south of tho
Platto river; tho second tho counties
of Douglas and Washington; tho third
the counties of Burt, Dakota and
Dodgo.
Tho legislature had loft the task of
making tho apportionment of tho mem
bers to tho governor, and ho estab
llshed the ropresontatlvo districts as
follows: Burt and Washington, joint
ly, 1; Cass 3, Cass and Otoo 1, Dodgo
1, Douglas 8, Nomaha 2, Nomaha and
Richardson 1. Otoe 0, Pawnoc and
Richardson 1, Richardson 1, Washing
ton 1. Tho act of 1855 provided that
tho number of members of the houso
should not exceed twonty-nlno; but tho
governor did not see fit to change It
from tho original twenty-six. Pawneo
was tho only one of tho sixteen now
counties, whoso organization had been
authorized by tho 1st legislature, to
tako advantage of tho act and become
ontltled to representation. Tho proc
lamation also called for tho eloctlon
of threo members of tho council to
fill vacancios; and Samuel M. Kirk
Patrick was chosen In placo of Nuck
olls of Cass county, who had resigned;
John Evans In place of Dr. Munson H.
Clark of Dodgo county, deceased; and
Allen A. Bradford In placo of Hiram
P. Bonnet, who resigned for the pur
poso of becoming a candidate for dele
gate to Congress. Tho hold-over mom
bora woro Dr. Henry Bradford of Otoo,
formerly Plorco; Richard Brown of
Nemaha, formerly Forney; Charles H.
Cowlos of Otoo; Benjamin R. Folsom
of Burt; Taylor G. Goodwill, Alfred D.
Jonos, Origon D. Richardson and Sam
uel E. Rogers of Douglas; Joseph L.
Sharp of Richardson and James C.
Mitchell of Washington.
Tho mombors of tho houso woro
John F. Buck, John McF. Hagood and
William Laird of Cass county: Thom
as Gibson of Dodgo; I.envltt Bow
on, William Clancy, Alnxnndor Davis,
Lovl Harsh, William Trlmer Jr , Wil
liam E. Mooro. Genrgo Ti. Miller and
Alonzo F. Salisbury of Douglas; Wil
liam A. Finnoy nnd Samuel A. Cham
bers of Nomaha; John Boulwaro. Dr.
John C. Campbell, James H. Dockor,
William B. Hail. J. Sterling Morton
and Mastln W. Rlden of Otoe; Ama-
Itoebraeha
their Issue
zlal M. Roso of Otoo and Cass jointly;
Abel D. Kirk of Richardson; Dr. Jo
romo Hoovor of Richardson and Ne
maha Jointly; Charles McDonald of
Richardson and Pawneo jointly; Pot
ter C. Sullivan of Washington and
William B. Beck of Washington and
Burt jointly.
Comparing this second apportion
ment with the first wo find that the
audacious stuffing of the North Platte
counties of Burt, Dodgo nnd Washing
ton by tho deft hands of Governor
Cuming is acknowledged by his suc
cessor; for In place of her two full
representatives allowed by Cuming,
Burt Is now tacked to Washington to
divido one with that county, which in
turn is reduced from two members to
ono and a half. Dodge is cut down
from two to one. Cass county retains
its threo members and divides another
with Otoo, which has six of Its own
a gain of one. Douglas holds to Us
original eight, lint since Governor
Izard's census awards a population of
712 to Cass, 1,028 to Douglas, 1,188
to Otoo and 604 to Nomaha, tho prin
ciple of Governor Izard's apportion
ment Is still paBt finding out. Tho
rightB of Cass, Otoo and Nemaha are
shamefully abused to tho profit of
Douglas. Councilman Sharp's very
keen appreciation of tho responsibili
ties of a pioneer census taker in 1854,
in tho case of Richardson county In
1856, to bo at all presentable, had to
be discounted at about 40 per cent of
its face value; though with a popula
tion of only 299 that county still hold
on to ono representative and shared
two others with Nomaha and Pawneo
respectively. It has been pointed out
that In an addendum to his census
returns Mr. Sharp admitted that tho
number of voters in Richardson coun
ty, excluding the half-breed tract,
should be reduced from 236 his cen
sus figures to about 100.
Beck, tho joint member for Burt
and Washington, lived at Tokamah.
Burt county; Roso. tho member for
Cass and Otoo. lived at Nebraska
City, Otoe county; Hoover, member
for Richardson and Nemaha, uvea at
Nemaha City, Nemaha county; and
McDonald, member for Richardson nnd
Pawneo, lived In Pawnee county. So
that In the popular adjustment of the
apportionment Burt and Washington
In fact shared alike with ono momber
each; Cass retained her original three
and Otoe gained two, making three
in all; nnd Richardson retained her
original, number two.
With 34.4 per cent of the popula
tion the North Platte is awarded 42.3
per cent of tho representatives. Tho
hold-over council, with 54 per cent of
Its members from the North Platte,
proBents even a worso travesty of de
cency and justice. In view of such a
piece of his handiwork as this tho
Impartial judgo must demur to tho
modest disclaimer of Governor Izard's
homo paper (tho Helena, Arkansas,
Star) that ho was "not endowed with
shining talents," and must also ques
tion Its ascription to the governor of
tho compensatory vlrtuo or probity.
The 2d legislature convened at Om
aha, Tuesday, December 18, 1855, at
10 o'clock In tho morning. Tho tem
porary officers of tho council wero
Orlgen D. Richardson, president; John
W. Pattlson, chief clork; Lyman Rlcti
ardson, assistant clerk; Samuel A.
Lewis, sergeant-at-arms, and Nlles R.
Folsom, doorkeoper. Tho regular or
ganization consisted of Benjamin R.
Folsom, president; Erastus G. Mc
Neely, chief clerk; M. B. Roso, as
sistant clerk; Charles W. Pierce, sor-
geant-at-arms; Henry Springer, door
keeper; Lo Grand Goodwill, pago.
The houso was organized by tho
election of tho following temporary
officers: Speaker, William Larimer,
Jr., of Douglas county; chief clerk,
Joseph W. Paddock; assistant clerk,
H. C. Anderson; sergeant-at-arms, A.
S. Bishop; doorkeoper, Ewlng S.
Sharp; fireman, Patrick Donahue. In
tho permanent organization Pottor O.
Sullivan of Washington county was
olectod speaker, his principal oppo
nent being Abol D. Kirk of Richard
son county. Isaac L. Glbbs was olect
ed chief clork; H. C. Anderson assist
ant clerk; A. S. Bishop, sergeant-at-arms;
E. B. Chlnn, doorkeeper; and
Rev. Henry M. Giltner, chaplain.
From tho council wo miss Hiram P.
Bonnet, a prominent loader, Dr. Clark,
out off by death from a career whoso
beginning gave promlso of future ac
tivity and influence, and Nuckolls,
whose namo was and Is woll known.
From tho houso wo miss a principal
figure Poppleton but In his placo wo
havo Dr. George L. Miller, and from
Otoo county J. Sterling Morton two
names destined to bo linked together
in tho political activity and the gen
eral progress of tho commonwealth
for some forty years, and until they
should become familiar to tho popular
ear through all its borders.
TO BE CONTINUED
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