t
EDITOR
BBS
"GUMPTIOTT."
UMPTION Is to success as causo Is to ef
fect. It Is tho essontlal quality of n man
who Is bigger than tho circumstance, and
J his degree of buccosb depends on tho
amount of gumption In his mako-up.
The lloosiers found tho word. They
say: "Gumption is tho ability to put tho
grease whoro the squeak ifl." iBti't that tho basis of
power? Dewey had gumption when he cut tho cablo.
It does not always toko ago to dovolop gumption It
la born In a man and often shows at an early ago, as
in the caso of two boys. They had no father and no
iucomo, but wanted to go to the high school. Their
older brother, n member of the large firm which he
had entered as oOlco boy at 12, saw no need for fur
ther education lie had succeeded without it, and
wjiy riot them? and he thought ft was high time for
them to bo earning their own living. The boys decid
ed that It wouldn't be any harder to stay up ut ono
end of tho night than the other, so they worked up a
morning paper route which eventually netted thorn
$100 a month. ' They solved tho problem by earning
their own living and going to school, too. That's put
ting tho grease where tho squeak Isl
Every man has achieved his own greatness. To bo
great Is to work out the strength within you, not to
wear tho cloak of power.
Tho word gumption Is peculiarly American. It names
tho quality In us which makes for success and pro
gress. Wherever tho American Is, ho should have
gumption, ho should bo stronger than the obstacle that
confronts him. It was tho ability to see what his
country needed that made Lincoln, our grandest Ameri
can, tower over tho Little Giant: It was tho ability to
carry out what be saw was needed that made Lincoln
equal to all emergencies.
Patience, Insight, courage and perseverance all of
those qualities which make strength of character, which
give the power to see and to do are summed up in
this one word gumption. Chicago Journal.
FOUH KINDS OF MONEY.
0 keen track of the different kinds of
TI money In circulation seemed, a few years
I ago, no slight task. To-day It Is much slni
I t1 rT fniit nriullt? t'fUTintriltrtrrwl ntncanci rtn n.
tlcally include It all. These are gold, sil
ver, national bank-notes ond government
notes.
Gold circulates almost wholly in the form of gold
certlllcates, which stand for tho metal In the treasury,
as tho trunk-check which the railroad Issues stands for
tho trunk. Tho certificates are easier to carry about.
They are Issued in denominations ol twenty dollars and
upward. It Is the present aim of tho department to
give each class of currency a Held of Its own.
Silver certlllcates. which are mainly In ones, twos
and fives, hold the same relation to silver coin, except
that among the farm laborers of the South there Is a
decided preference for the metallic dollar over Its paper
representative. On tho Pacillc coast generally, with
all classes of people, paper money continues In disfa
vor; as In Europe, coin, both gold and silver, Is pre
ferred. In this class must also bo included 'subsidiary
coins," or those made of silver in denominations of less
than one dollar, and tho still smaller change, known as
tho "minor" coins nickels and cents of which about
thirty million dollars in all arc In circulation.
Resides those classes resting directly on metals, come
two forms of paper. The issue of United States notes,
commonly known as "greenbacks," la a fixed amount,
and tho notes aro promises to pny In coin on dotnand.
They woro formerly of all denominations, but aro now
almost exclusively ton-dollar bills.
Of national bank-notes there are now moro than four
hundred and fifty million dollars in circulation, which
Is tho high-water mark. Nearly half tho government's
bonds aro hold by tho Troasuror of tho United States
as security against tills circulation, which is chiefly In
fives, tons and twontlcs.
Of tho kinds of money, gold represents forty-four
per cent; sllvor llttlo moro than half ob much; national
bank-notes, which como third, considerably oxceed tho
greenbacks in valuo. Tho total of this raonoy, equally
divided, would glvo to each inhabitant of tho country
an average of about thirty-one dollars. Youth's Companion.
WHEN DOES WOMAN LOOK HER BESTP
VERY man will probably reply according to
his Individual tastes. M. Nlmroil, for ex
ample, will declare that when sho Is rid
ing across country Lady Diana looks her
best. The boating man will think Undlno
most charming as sho lies amid tho pretty
cushions of a punt, dressed en sulto. Tho
man about town will award tho palm to tho woman
who Is best dressed In the park.
I havo heard a man declare that ho thought a woman
never looked so well as whoa wearing a perfectly plain
gown of some washing material, whereas it Is obvious
that some of tho sex find us most attractive In what
they describe ns "full llg" or "war paint." And, speak
ing generally, I suppose a woman does linvo almost
everj: chance in a becoming overling gown. But ono can
lay down no hard "fnd" 7alt rules iTslo when a woman
really looks best. Much depends on tho woman, much
depends on what sho Is wearing, and much depends on
her environment; but I cannot conceive a woman look
ing her best when engaged In exorcise which Is either
very violent or which dishevels her in any way; nor is
she likely to look her best when tho dress docs not1 fit
hor surroundings. This Is a fact which should bo well
borno In mind by women of a certain ago bent on rural
izing, and, Indeed, by women of all ages, at all times,
and In all places. London World.
JUST A WRECK.
HEN death comes to such a man as Charles
1 1 M T. Ycrkes, frank comment sounds harsh
vf I and ungenerous, and there Is a disposition
I trw nnf In n nririlii iipo with tho Bout I in out?
There Is so much good in the worst of us,
And so much bad In the best of us,
That It hardly becomes any of us
To talk about the rest of us.
Rut so much has been said about tho dead man's
abilities that tho awful wreck of his llfo Is positively
startling. And the moro wo dwell upon his remark
able foresight In business and his remarkable power
over men the more impressive does tho lesson of the
contrast become.
A dozen art galleries and tens of millions of dollars
where there was ono would write the word "failure" all
the larger. The perversion of character, tho comploto
absence of any guiding moral purpose and of a decent
respect for tho opinion of mankind leaves a heritage of
shame to the neatest of kith and kin and a taint upon
every item in tho vast fortune.
Out of the wreck we can make nothing but a warn
ing. Chicago Hecord-IIerald.
THE VERY FIRST MATCH.
John "Walker, nn HiikIInIi DtiishInI,
Wjih the Inventor In IS-7.
In tho nineteenth century tho cen
tury In which so many wonderful things
wero done the fourth step In the de
velopment of the match was taken. In
1827, John Walker, a druggist in a
small English town, tipped a splint
with sulphur, chlorate of potash and
sulphid of antimony, and rubbed It on
sandpaper, and it burst into flame. The
druggist bad discovered tho first friction-chemical
match, tho kind we usi
to-day. It s called friction-chemical
because it 5s made by mixing certain
chemicals together and rubbing them.
Although Walker's mulch did not re
quire the bottle of acid, 'it nevertheless
was not a good one. It could be lighted
only by hard rubbing, and It sputtered
and throw lire In all directions. In a
few years, however, phosphorus was
substituted on tho Up for antimony,
and the change worked wonders. The
match could now be ligltted with verv
llttlo rubbing, and it was no longer
necessary to havo sandpaper upon
which to rub It. It would Ignite when
rubbed on any dry surface, and there
was no longer any sputtering. This
was tho phosphorus match, tho match
with which wo are so familiar.
After tho Invention of tho easily
lighted phosphorus match there was
! longer use for the dip-splint or tho
slrlke-a-IIght. The old methods of get
ting a blaze were gradually laid aside
and forgotten. Tho first phosphorus
matches were sold at LT cents a block
a block containing 1M matches and
they were used by but few. Now a
hundred matches can bo bought tor a
cent. It is said that In the Halted
avo uso about 150,000,000,000 matches
a year. This, on an average, Is about
flvo matches a day for every person.
St. Nicholas.
A JAPANESE NAVAL FUNERAL.
In tho funeral procession herewith illustrated the two leaders are
carrying tho orders which belonged to their comrade. All tho others aro
bearing wooden lablots on which Is inscribed tho "dead naino" of tho fallen
hero. In Japan every dead person 13 given u new name, and tho old ono
Is never spoken.
TOPICS OF THE TIMES.
A CHOICE SELECTION OF INTER-
E8TINQ ITEMS.
The (ileum of (Solil.
It Is no now thing this undignified
crowding of tho mob to gaze at tho
rich. If it becomes a more desperate
game in tills great city than It seems
ever to have been at any other time or
in any other country, it is because
there is so much lass here to run after,
besides money, than has been tho rule
In the rest of the world, says a New
York paper. Titles? We have them
uot. Decorations? Wo forbid them.
Ancient honors? Very few of them
Tho military? Wo have shrunk that
down to so small and rudimentary a
thing that the people seldom seo It
and havo next to no chance to pay It
this tribute of admiring Interest. We
have stripped life of Its ancient gilt
tor. Wo have kept nothing but tho
gleam of gold to delight tho people's
eyes; and that gleam they will follow
Is thoro anything moro exasperat
ing than an Indifferent clerk?
Commentn and Criticism lhnd Upon
the Happenings of tho Day Illatorl
cal and Nawa Note.
It's novcr safe to Judge a woman's
thoughts by what sho says.
Knowlntr tho neonlo ho was dealtnc
- - -
ivith, Sakharoff Invited what ho got.
Football, wo fear, novcr will be thor-
ughly reformed until Tom Lawson
lakes hold of It
What wouldn't Mr. Rocltofollor give
Cor a head of real hair Uko that of
Bamuel Langhorno Clemens 7
It Is a safo guess that J. Plorpont
Morgan will got tliat $0,000,000 baok
from somobody before ho dlos.
After having tried tho prcsont brand
it peace, perhaps tho Czar would Uko
0 go back to war again.
It Is dlfllcult to grow strongly sym
pathetic when wo hoar that somo llfo
nsuraneo company bus boon "hold up."
Russia's rioters don't seem to krtow
ust what they wont, but whatovcr It
s, thoy seem to want It In tho worst
way.
How homollko ond familiar that
closing sentence of Captain Amund
sen's message to Nansen: "Wlro mo
f.'OO as soon os possible."
There la somo talk of taking tho high
olllclols of tho steel trust away from
the temptations of Gotham. Why not
try a reduction in salaries?
.Air. Carncgio's "black-haired boys,"
who havo been promoted to big Jobs In
tho steel trust, ought to toko 11 fow les
sons on marital obligations.
Shakcspearo speaks of reputation as
bubble. Wo havo seen that an In
surance Investigation has great possi
bilities In tho pricking lino.
Certain uneasy souls are fearful that
tho Panama canal will destroy the
gulf stream. Perhaps they have not
taken tho measurements of the gulf
stream lately.'
Canadians aro not showing much dls-
crijnlnatlon In throwing rotten eggs at
Sarah Bernhardt and saving their ap
plause for the stage Irishman with
green whiskers.
A Ruffalo man Is accused of having
been Intoxicated more than 1,000 times
during tho past eight years. Why
should such a man over subject his
system to the shock of getting sober?
Moreover, by doing away with the
football coach tho college president
would bo relieved of tho necessity for
taking a place of secondary impor
tance In the field of higher educa
tion.
Miss Anna Shaw asks why it Is that
women aro growing taller and men aro
growing shorter. Ono reason why men
are growing shorter, Anna, is tho high
price of U10 millinery that makes wom
en look taller.
Dr. Osier divides peoplo into two
classes, tho bolters and tho chewers
not referring to doors or tobacco, hut
to tho prevailing methods of eating,
lie appeals to the dentists of tho world
to help make tho chewers tho majority
party.
Now York Olty in growing moro rapid
ly than tho rent of tho Stato, for flv
hundred and sovonty-soven thousand
it tho incroaso In llvo years is found
n that city. It Is as if tho wholo city
if Boston had moved to Now York
since 1000. Tho annual trrowth has
been lorgor than tho total population!
t Syracuse or St Joseph, or Mem
phis, or Los Angelos, or Omaha.
An ofllcor of tho Salvation Armyj
nays that U10 task of getting tho land
less man to tho manlcss land Is now)
tho dominant factor in Uic work of hl
organization. Tho truth is Unit tha
problem is too largo for tho Salvations
Army or any other association to haiw
dl,o alone. Tho question of getting si
propor proportion of tho American pco
pie oacjt to mo 0011 is ono 01 uio nigu
est nations,! importance, and it will
grow n Importance. Tho drift is, ten
ward lio cities, and It is tho drift ol
tho immigrant as well as Uw native
born. If It "vyc.ro, pot JorjT gortain
ratio of now arrivals mostly Scandt
navlans who proceod direct from tli
steamship dock to tho agricultural re
gions of tho West without stoppln
in Uic cities, It is probable that th
decreuso In population which has taken
placo In Iowa during tho last llvo year;
would bo noted in other farmin
States. There is no avoiding the foe
that tho American citizen of this gen
eration, Uko his English contempo
rary, entertains a Used aversion to ngi
rlculturo, or, to put It tho other way;
Unit ho ontertalns a desire for cltyj
llfo a desire so strong that ho will
submit to discomfort and even down
right privation In tho city when hoj
might enjoy comparative lndependenca
and comfort In tho country. It Is this
willingness to llvo In squalor for tha
sako of herding In tho cities which
mokes the problem of populating thoj
mauless laud so dltllcult. Nohod
wants to go Into tho country to wor
The cltlos aro full of men willing t
take any kind of a Job at any payJ
provided It doosj not Involve leaving
town. Women for domestic service win
not go to tho country at any price, ag
fanners' wives know to their sorrowi
Tho projudlco Is so strong that It ovouj
Includes small towns and tho suburb
of largo cities. Peoplo uot only In
slst upon living in a city, but thojj
want It to bo a big city. Tho great In
crease In tho population of Now York;
Chicago and other centers of papula.
Hon Is not tho natural accretion ol
birth and Immigration, but tho result
of tjiio disposition to flock to tho cities.
Tho nativo born to tho farm Avlll no
stay upon it; tho Immigrant refuse:
to go upon It The land thus rapid!,
becomes manless. This question 0
populating tho farms Is not morel,
a humanitarian one. The Salvation
Army declares that tho only real cur
for poverty Is to counteract tho ovl!
of crowding In titles and to get thq
people who live Inadequately In tha
cities out Into tbo country, where thojj
can support themselves. This is tha,
view of tho philanthropist. Thoro li
also tho view of tho economist Thafl
Is to say, If tho land, which Is thj
ultimate source of all wealth, Is to b
English Is surely and steadily mak
ing Its way as an International lan
guage. One of tho countries In which
a great change has come about within
a fow years is Mexico. Tho study of
English Is compulsory in tho schools,
and already tho knowledge of tho lan
guage has spread among tho peoplo
to such an extent that a merchant or
traveler from the States may do busi
ness or move about comfortably with
only tho most meager knowledge of
Spanish.
This Is only a llttlo old world, after
all, and what seriously affects the peo
plo of ono section of It Is pretty apt
to affect others on tho other side of
tho globe. For instance, ferro-man-
ganese Is necessary to tho manufac
ture of steel; tho bulk of the supply
of ferro-nmnganose used in tho steel
mills of tho United States is mined
In tho dominions of the czar of Russia;
tho strikes and riots in Russia havo
shut off tho source of American sup
ply, In consequence of which tho Penn
sylvania steel mills have had to ro
duco their output, and as a result of
tho reduced steel construction is likely
to bo delayed Indefinitely.
Now York retains its placo as tho
Stato of tho largest population, and ac
cording to Its rate of growth, as In
dicated by the Stato census recently
completed, is likely to stay there for
many years. It has a population of a
little more than eight million, about
eight hundred thousand more than It
had live years ago, and a million and
a quarter more than ten years ago.
ilnsnrlort. ivon to a relatival v small e
tent, tho effect cannot fall to be dlsas
trous to tho substantial prosperity oi
tho nation. Speculation and booming
In various lines may maintain for q
time an appearanco of welfare and afi
lluencc, but if the solid foundation 0
national wealth bo neglected tho fin
result Is bound to bo disastrous. W'
have not yet reached tho danger poln
In this country, because tho hordln
tendency, marked though It Is, has no
yet operated seriously to depopulati
tho farms. The tendency augments
however, year after year, and at no
distant day It will reach a point whera
It will menace national prosperity
When the population of tho rural dlij
trlcts falls below its Just and normojl
proportion of tho whole people we maV
prepare for trouble. Wo would da
well to strive to avert It. The problem
of getting tho American people bacl
to the soli Is one that is worthy of Uio
consideration of tho best statesman'
ship and economic thought
I.eM.soim We .tllKltt Leni-n.
In Switzerland two people may no
marry till they havo been examined
by a magistrate and be has cert i lied U
their physical and mental lltncsH.
The government runs the pawnshop
In Franco, and 0 per cent a year
against 72 per cent In America- Is oil
that is ever paid on pledges.
All trolley cars In England are dou
ble-deckors. Tho roof seats, in :i!l bu
bad weather, aro by far the more pop
ulor.
Germany's best schools, the fa:uou
gymnasia, charge only $1 a w;vk tub
tion. Here prince and peasa::. allkl
are enrolled.
In Holland dentists and oculls;, vls
Itlng the public schools regularly. I10I1
after the children's eyes and t t!t.
Reggars In Wurtemburg n:: wvj
a state license certifying to t. ).', In
ability to work.
An K.vnerl.
"Yes, she is writing hints on
preserve beauty."
"I've no doubt she has tri 1
thing In the effort to pro
own." Cleveland P'nln Dc.uui'.
w ti
ury.
1 hoj