4
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STRANGE LAND TENURFS.
4
t
Mvery student of English history
or llctlon has rend of undent leases of
property which require rent to be paid
in peppercorns or roses, or In some
other curious way. Tho Windsor Mng
uzlne describes some customs lu con
nection with Innd tenure which nre
Htlll more curious.
Whenever u certain estate at Ching
ford, in Essex, passes into new hands,
the owner, -with his wife, man servant
and maid servant, goes on horseback
o the parsonage and pays homage by
blowing three blasts uion a horn. lie
carries a hawk upon his list, and his
servant leads a gray-hound, both sup
posed to be for the use of the rector
for that day.
Tlie newcomer receives a chicken for
the hawk, a peck of oats for his horse
nd a loaf of bread for his greyhound.
'After dinner the owner blows three
more blasts, and then with his party
'withdraws from the rectory.
The "Castor-Whip Tenure" Is even
mioro remarkable. On Palm Sunday
every year a servant from the 1 trough
,ton estate attends service at Cudor
Ohurch with a new cart-whip, and
after cracking it three times in the
iroreh, marches with It to the manor
house. When the clergyman begins the Her-
unon the servant quits his seat. A
purse containing thirty pieces of sil
ver is iixed at the end of the AVhlp
lash, and, kneeling on a cushion, he
.'holds the purse suspended over the
head of the clergyman until the end
jeC the sermon. Then purse and whip
are left at the manor-house.
The "Whisper Court" at Rochford,
jSDssox, Is a strange Michaelmas ob
.servance held under the superintend
ence of the steward of the manor. The
business of tho court is carried out at
midnight in the open air.
The absence of a tenaut Is punsh
able by a tine of double rent for each
hour he falls to be In attendance; no
artificial light except a llrebrand is
permitted; the proceedings are rocord
'ed by means of one of the embers of
:the brand. The roll of fourteen ten
juits Is called over and answered to
in whisper, and then they kneel and
swear allegiance.
The explanation of this odd cere-
iinony Is that, very many years ago,
the lord of the manor, after an ab
Hence from his estate, was returning
liome by night. Passing over King's
iHill, he accidentally heard some of
Jils discontented tenantry plotting his
assassination, and. thus warned, he
reached home by an unexpected mute.
He enacted that from that time forth
the tenants on his estate should as
(rtemblo every year exactly at
the same time to do him homage round
tn post which he erected on the pro
dse spot where tlie plotters met.
Tho Cnro of Umbrellas.
More umbrellas are spoiled through
tireless treatment than wear out from
actual hard work. One great mistake
that many people make Is to leave an
umbrella standing on Its point to dry
latter It has been used In tho rain. This
is most harmful, as all the water
jtrickles down and settles in the folds
,ut the narrow end of the silk, and this
not only causes the silk to rot, but the
wire frame to grow rusty. The right
way to treat a wet umbrella when
brought into tlie house is to open It
wide and wipe It as dry as possible,
,then half close It and leave it standing
on its handle to drain. Wet umbrellas
should never be put near a lire; thlB
"also is likely to cause the silk to split
Future Liifo of Animals.
Sir William Blunden, a doctor and
'baronet, has favored a meeting of tho
'Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
,to Animals with some views on the
future state of animals. He "certainly
believed," he said, in the future exist
ence of animals, and, though he could
not bring forward evidence In support
pjf his proposition, he could not at tho
same time bring forward evidence to
the contrary. If they took the case of
'the tinker's ass, which was born and
.reared in hardship, he found It hard to
tthink that a merciful Creator formed
that animal merely to suffer at tin
bands of man without receiving some
compensation in the next life, if not
1n the present.
Chose a Suitable Toxt.
"Dr. Thirdly Is certainly an up-to
date clergyman," said Fosdick.
"SoV" said Keetlick.
"Yes. sir. One of his parishioners
,was killed by tho explosion of his
automobile and the doctor took for the
loxt of his funeral sermon the biblical
account of Elijah going to heaven In
u chariot of tire." Smart Set.
Comparatively Spunking.
First child .My father's got so much
.money he doesn't known how to spend
1t.
Second child That's nothing. .My
father's got so much money that moth
er can't spend It. New York Sun.
Feminine Point of View.
He Don't you think Miss Pinklelgh
Is rather pretty?
. She Well, she isn't a bad-looking
ftarlrl when she has her complexion on.
fOPICS OF THE TIMES,
CHOICE SELECTION OF INTER
ESTING ITEMS.
CatmtictttH uutl Criticism tinned Upon
the llnt'PciilniiH of the Day Histori
cal and Ncwh Noted.
lie who waits on fate wins failure.
Just remember, as you go along.
Hint the present good roads movement
owes Ita origin to the bicycle.
Tho one fact that shines out lucid
and dlstiuct In tho "explanations" re
garding railways wrecks Is that they
lappeu.
Kaiser Wilhelm has ended his voice
training and doubtless he now has it
lu a condition to meet all comers for
the heavyweight championship.
Since Tsi An took to an automobile
the Boxers have suspended operations.
Pliny doubtless recognize suorlor fa
cilities for homicide when they see
Ihem.
Those who are inclined to critiel.e
fireproof construction in buildings
Khould remember that "fire proof" Is
only a relative term. Steel will melt
It tho fire Is hot enough.
A Connecticut man has lost, a for
tune on a technicality. The only way
In which he can get even Is to go Into
the bribing and grafting business and
then get off on another technicality.
The Chicago professor who com
plains that more attention is paid to
raising pigs than rearing children
should read the report of the woman
who fed her pig and her baby from
the same bottle.
As a birthday present on Iowa farm
er gave his 10-year-old daughter 500
pigs. His Idea was to take her at
tention uway from some of these fris
ky young animals who poisoned the
nlr of the front steps with monoxide of
cigarette.
A British schoolboy Is held rcspon-
sible for the following comment In his
school examination papers upon one
of our national Institutions: "In the
United States people are put to death
by elocution." Indeed, the boy. stroke
truer than he knew.
There arc no swear Avords in tlie
Japanese language. The nearest one
Jap can come to swearing at another
is to call him a beast. After this prob
ably when one of the mikado's sub
Jeets desires to be particularly abusive
he will call tlie other fellow a bear.
"Men who run great businesses
says young Itockefeller, "cannot afford
to bo dishonest; scrupulous honesty Is
necessary to success." Ah! that ex
plains why .T. Pierpont Morgan frank
ly owned up to tho Now York tax ns
sessor that he was worth $100,000.
The San Juan News says that
Americans have virtually made base
ball the national outdoor sport of Por
to Itlco. Tennis tournaments are also
held, and football, cycling and other
pastimes have been tried to some ex
tent. When a Northerner Is accli
mated, it is said, he enjoys the vari
ous forms of outdoor exercise much as
lie does In the North. Southward the
course of umpire takes its way.
The movement for the preservation
of the Calaveras groves of big trees In
i national park has enlisted support in
thirty States outside of California, and
the petitions on file in Congress con
tain the names of l,-m,'200 persons.
Of these 239,500 are citizens of Cali
fornia. The others arc scattered In all
parts of the country significant testi
mony to the national character of the
loinund. President Roosevelt is heart
ily lu favor of the plan, for tlie success
if which a determined effort Is now
making.
A few years ago several States
passed laws by which the public was
undo financially responsible for mob
.ioleiice to persons, as it has, of course,
.tug been responsible for destruction
it' property by the same cause. Doubts
is to whether such laws would be en
orccd have been lessened by some re
cent events. In Ohio two counties
liove been compelled to pay heavy
la mages for mob violence to residents
if the counties, and In loulslana five
liousand dollars has been awarded to
he family of each of three victims of
nib law or lawlessness.
Many people think that the world
iocs not advance, and that It is useless
j agitates for reforms. Yet It was only
s far back as 1S20 that the agitation
r the normal school education of
somen began. The amount of proju
.ice at that time against the advanced
-.lueatlou of women Is evidenced in
ic ease of Hev. Charles Brooks, a cul
iiteil and refined Unitarian minister,
io went all over Massachusetts lec
iilng on the higher education of
onu n and who was actually mobbed
i some communities by what were
sen called the better classes, and an
.-.iitiv of him, with a dunce's cup, was
exhibited, bearing tho legend: "A fool
going to the legislature to nsk for
money for a normal school for young
girls." Now there Is no fenr of tho
educated woman In Massachusetts;
that Is, unless you are planning to hold
her hand.
The great want of this age Is meni
men who are honest and sound from
center to circumference, true to tho
heart's core; men who will condemn
wrong In friend or foe, In themselves
a.s well as others; men whose con
sciences are as steady as the needle to
the pole; men who would stand for tho
right if the heavens totter and tho
earth reels; men who can tell tho
truth and look the world and the devil
right In the eye; men who never fag
or Hindi; men who have courage with
out shouting to bring it; men to whom
the current of everlasting life nuw
still and deep and strong; men who
know their place and llll It; ineu who
will not He; men who are willing to
earn what they eat and perforin whut
they are paid for doing.
If there Is any spot on earth which
deserves the title of the "dark and
bloody ground" It 1 not Kentucky, but
Haiti. From the very day In 1-UVJ
when Columbus a; d his men set foot
upon the shore, t! beautiful but ill-
fated bilaiid has been the scene ot
warfare, torture, murder, anarchy and
misery. In a single generation the nit
live Inhabitants were totally destroyed
by the cruelty of the Spanish Invad
ers. Their places were lllled by negro
slaves Imported from Africa. Thoii
came the buccaneers, mostly French
pirates and marauders, who settled on
the wast coast. Their horrible deeds
make in themselves a whole chapter
of history. In 1807 tho western part
of the Island was ceded to Francei
For another hundred years negro
slaves iHMired In, and .then between tlnj
three races, the black, the white anil
the mixed, there broke out one of tha
most terrible struggles In history. 1
resulted In the extermination of t:h
whites and the Independence of tin
negroctf, under that great leader, Tous.
saint. L'Ouverture. In 1S01 France re
conquered the Island, but lost It again
two years later. Since then the story
of Haiti has been one long chapter of
wars. The Dominican Republic wai
formed In 18411. This event, instead ot
giving over that half of tlie Island
the eastern to peaceful government,
merely provided another stage for
melodrama, and the history of Halt J
as a whole continued In the new pollt
leal division. The Dominican Repub
lic, which is the division Just now In
the throes of anarchy, has a population
of somewhat more than six hundred
and ten thousand, mostly negroes anil
mulattocs. Suffrage is universal, li)
theory, at least, and a president U
supposed to be elected once every four
years. In point of fact, the people arc
absolutely Incapable of self-rule, and
the president is any man who is able
to seize the government by force anil
to hold it. The present trouble began
with an attack by General Morales up.
on the government of President Wos
y Gil, who himself was only tlie head
of a government which had come Into
powor seven niouths before by over
throwing tho administration of PresV
dent Vnsquez. Danger to the lives
and property of foreign residents o
Santo Domingo has made it necessary
for the United States and other coun
tries to send warships and check tin
lighting, but every one knows thai
this is only a makeshift. A satlsfac
tory and permanent arrangement com
patible with the independence of tin
republic Is more dilllcult to devise. Nc
one has yet suggested It.
Housekeeping i Frnnoe.
In a talk by .Miss Maria Parlo.
on French housekeeping, she said tlia'
economy and patience were two stronj
traits of the French housekeeper. Manj
Inconveniences and conditions tin
known to American housewives hav
to be overcome, but, notwithstnndiiu
this, the French home is a model
neatness and comfort outside of, per
haps, the one point of temperatunj
for in France the question of fuel Ij
an important one. According to Mist
Parloa, French cookery Is not compll
cated, as is generally supposed; for ex
ample, the usual French breakfast con
sisls of a cup of coffee or chocolau
without cream and a slice of bread (.
roll, and high seasonings of food an
unknown, herbs and vegetables belnj
used in preference to spices. Thii
statement of the situation is contrary
to tin? general belief, and certainly t
wo accept it as literally true, the hlgli
ly-seusonod dishes we obtain in Amerl
can large cities must be originated bj
others than Frenchmen.
Weather Signs.
Mrs. Strongloy John, mother Ii
coining to spend n week with us.
Mr. Strongloy Thunder and light
nlng!
Mrs. Strongloy No, just reign.
Butte Inter-Mountain.
The Czar's Scepter.
The Russian stato scepter Is of soil)
gold, three feet long, and contain
among Its ornaments, 20S diamond
300 rubies and 15 emeralds.
Never marry a woman big enough t(
whip you.
lliuiillliiK mi Unruly Hog.
Any one who bus tiled It will testify
that It Is not an easy task to hnnd'.o a
stubborn hog, and most hogs are stub
born. If one has occasion to do this
work the device shown in tho cut is
simple and effective. Take a strong
rope about the diameter of a clothes
line and about ten or twelve feet long.
From this cut off three feet and tie a
loop lu each end, then tie the remain
ing piece In the center of the looped
piece and bring the loop over the snout
of the hog after slipping the loops .n
the llrst piece over his hind feet.
Have a ring lu the long looped piece,
and through this slip another rope, also
looped, so as to como over his neck,
as shown In tho cut. This rope may be
heavier than tho llrst one, and If the
animnl Is unruly and strong, the end
which Is shown over the back of the
hog extending to tho hand of the one
who is driving It, may be slipped over
his rump and Into the lower loop and
tied, leaving a long loop In the driver's
hnnds for better control. The illus
trations show clearly how the contriv
ance Is constructed.
To Grow Klne Celery.
A Michigan gardener writes: Take
any land that will stand drought, put
at least one load of well-rotted manure
on every square rod of ground, plow
and fit the ground well, set plnnts In
rows 10 Inches apart and six to eight
Inches apart In hie row (set with an
old brick trowel), keep the surface
well worked till the plants cover the
ground, after which no Aveeds will
bother. By raising celery by tills
method the plants become dense, and
consequently darken the lower parts
of tho plants, causing' the celery to
grow white from the center. None
but White Plume will grow successful
ly this way. White Plume can be
grown In single row and be blanched
by placing bundles of corn stalks on
both rows. Bundles should be at least
eight Inches in diameter. I grew
White Plume celery X Inches high
lost year on high ground, and It was
ns white ns snow. I find the (Slant
Pascal is best for late winter use,
but It has to be earthed to blanch.
These two varieties arc the best to
my notion.
One-.Mini Corn Hied.
Make two runners, one 5 feet and
one 7 or 8 feet long; use Jxlt stuff:
placo 2 feet apart and nail boards on
top as shown in cut. Fasten a scythe
blade on for knife. It is better than
the steel plate knives. Knife should
run high on edge and at an angle of
about -15 degrees from the runners.
A ONU-MAN COItN Sl.Kl).
The object of the long runner Is lo
keep the sled from bucking to one
side, which Is caused by the cutting
being all dono on one side. Wo stand
1 1 1 to "lit in large corn, and put on a
box and sit down in small. It is a
waste of labor to knock tlie corn down
on sled and pick it up again. Keep it
up in your arms. The single sled is
now preferred to the double ones here.
I am a boy M years old. My father
has taken the Practical Farmer since
before I was born.- Archie Orange,
Galesburg, Kan.
On Howlnir Clover.
Sowing clover is an absorbing ques
tion with farmers who desire to keep
up the fertility of their land. When
Boed Is high there is always a disposi
tion, with somo, to defer sowing clover
until another year, and plow up the
fields again. Seed may le cheaper
next year, you know. This manage
ment may have kept these same fields
under tho plow for yearn, making it
moro uncertain to secure a catch, and
requiring moro acres, every year, to
Kecuro tho requisite amount of grain.
It is unwise and foolish to fall to sow
clover because seed Is dear.
70 It lIAKWilWI A 1100.
f
DlTeraifled Forming tn the ICxtrcmo,
Tho managers of tho Mnryvlllo (Mo.)
Btroct Fair offered a $10 prize to th
Nodaway County agriculturist whq
flhould exhibit tho largoat number ol
form products grown on his farm thU
season. W. It. Bosley, of Ilavonwood,
drovo up with a Avagon load of stufl
nnd took tho prize.
His wagon contained o stalk of corn
thirteen and one-half foot high; white,
red, yellow and speckled corn in enrj
wheat, rye, buckwheat, rape, timothy
seed, onts, thirteen kinds of green
beans and pens, throe kinds of pop
corn, two kinds of cucumbers, one red
pig, a turkey, two chickens, two
Guinea fowls, hedge balls, strawberry
vines, one cnbbago weighing llfteeq
pounds, celery, summer nnd winter let
luce, peanuts, two kinds of beets,
horseradish, asparagus, blueatem grass,
slough grnsB, clover hay, prairie hay,
carrotfl, green mustard, six kinds o
pickles, seven kinds of Jelly, Jam, cher
ries, three kinds of parsnips, thres
gourds, two kinds of sunflower seed,
sweet corn, can of honey, castor bean,
one sunflower, the flower of whirl
measured forty-six Inches In circumfer
ence; sugar cane, two kinds of mlllcl
In stalk, an oyster plant, four kinds ol
radishes, turnips, four kinds of Irish
potatoes, two klntlH of sweet potatoes,
cabbage, cauliflower, two kinds ol
squash, green lettuce and onion. -Baltimore
American.
How tn Market the Itutter.
Thoso who possess the knack of mak
lug butter that has that fragrant
flavor that distinguishes the produce of
many farm dairies, often make the nils
take of keeping the butter on hand too
long after It Is made before marketing
it. It will bo found that however pal
atable It may be, and however good
the flavor It possesses when llrst made,
It will have escaped after too long
keeping. Kven when transported long
distances It loses Its dlstlnctlvcncHH
while In transit In fact, It seems that
butter which possesses to a large de
gree this niuch-ueslred flavor deterio
rates much quicker than an tnfcrloi
kind. As a consequence of this, tho
farmer's wife who makes a superior
article which hns a local reputation for
excellence should endeavor to dlsposo
of the product to local trade, or at
least sell It so near home that It will
bo but a day or two between the churn
and the customer. This can bo easily
managed lu almost, any locality whero
there Is a market for It by securing n
list, of private customers and furnish
It to them direct as they need It. Thh
class of patrons are much more profit
able year in and year out than the city
hotels or the commission houses or
those customers who buy In the gen
eral market
To Prevent Itluck Itot.
As a preventive of black rot lu vine
yards next season the North Carollmr
experiment station recommends that
all dead leaves nnd rotten grapes b
raked up and removed and rotten
grapes clinging to the vines and trcl
Uses picked off.
Loose shredded hark that can be
readily pulled from the vines prun
lugs, dead grass and weeds should be
burned; in fact, anything capable ol
harboring the dustllkc spore should bn
destroyed or taken awy.
While the vines are still in a dor
mant condition, spray with the coppei
sulphate solution, thoroughly wetting
tlie vines and posts, and paying par
ticular attention to hunches of tendril I
or rough surfaces on the posts thai
would be likely to retain the spores. M
is much easier to keep black rot out ol
a vineyard once cleaned than to keei
It down in a vineyard not cleaned.
Sheen for Mixtion.
Mutton as a human food Is gaining
rapidly in reputation. So much Im
provement has been made in the meth
ods of breeding, fattening, slaughter
ing and ripening mutton thai a greatj
army of people who were once prejuj
diced against It no longer tlnd any
thing the matter with It. Good au
thorities predict that the time Is rapid
ly approaching when as many sheep
and lambs will be slaughtered In this
country as there are hogs and cattle
slaughtered now. History shows us
that in old countries mutton Is tho
poor man's meat. The reason for this
is flint It can be raised at less cost.
(iooil Milker. Milk Vein.
Good milkers will almost Invarhibly
show a well-devolopcd milk vein. This
big vein which carries the blood from
the hag or udder to the heart for purl
liciitlnu should constitute considerable
of a network on the udder itself and
should then continue well forward mi
the belly and disappear in the region
of the heart.
Mitijn Kiiunnn Wlient Ylcliln.
The banner yield of wheat lu Kansas
Is said to be that of Joseph (3. Ort, In
Gove county, who thrashed 'JU'8 bush
els of O'J-ponnd wheat from three acres
of an old corral, and -l.ri(i.'f bushels (ele
vator weight i from a 100-ucro field,
Tho .seed was Turkey red, one bushel
to the acre. The throe-acre piece had
been heavily fertilized for vegetables,
and after these were gone he again fer
tilized and plowed it four Inches Uecu.
During 10011 Boston received OO.MKJ,
070 pounds of hutjer.
