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About The Nebraska advertiser. (Nemaha City, Neb.) 18??-1909 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 8, 1904)
SPECIAL MESSAGE ON PHI CANAL President Koosevelt Transmits His Views to Congress. TREATY SHOULD BE RATIFIED ,Snyn Thorn "Wnw Xi Complicity oil I'nrl of TIiIn io vernmiMit In Itrvolul Ion v ChnrKCM Colomhin tvltli Crccil All InlcrenlM Drumml Ctnilll. Washington, Jhm. 4. President ndoo vclt'H peclnl nnsnngo to congress on the HUliJect of the I'nnumn cannl treaty treat Inrgfcly of tho Panama rebellion, the In chlontH leading up to It und the part of tho United StutMi In It. He refers to the previous legislation au tl.orlr.liif,' the president to conclude a treaty with Colombia for tho building of the cnnal, and If after a reasonable lapse of time It wnte found Impossible to securo the necessary territory from Colombia to revert to tho Nlcnrngiiun route for tho construction of tho canal. Tho later alternative, ho says, Is now unnecessary, is the control of tho necessary territory at Panama ban been secured. Referring to tho rejection of tjio treaty with Co lombia by that nation, ho says: 'TIiIh net marked the climax of tho ef fort on tho part of the United States to necure, so far at) legislation was con cerned, an Interoceimlc canal across the Isthmus. Tho effort to necuro a treaty for this purposo with ono of tho Central American republics did not Htand on tho naino footing with tho effort to securo a trenty under any ordinary conditions. "Undor tho Hay-Pnuneefoto treaty It was explicitly provided that the United States should control, pollco and protect tho cannl which was to bo built, keeping it open for tho vessels of all nutloiiH on oqiml terms. Tho United States thua as sumed tho position of guarantor of tho canal nnd of Its peaceful uho by all tho world. Tho guaranty Included as a mnt tcr of courso tho building of tho canal. Tho cntorprlso wnu rccognlzod as re Hpondlng to an International need; and It would bo tho veriest travesty on right and Justice to treat tho governments In pos session of the isthmus as having tho right 'to closo tho gates of lntercourso on tho urcnt highways of tho worlfl, nnd Justify the act by tho pretension that thcao nvo nucn of trade and travel belong to them and th at they chouse to shut them.' " I Position of United State, "When this government submitted to Colombia tho llay-llcrran treaty three things were, thcrofore, already Hettled: "Ono wns that tho canal should bo built, The thno for delay, tho time for permitting the attempt to bo made by private cnterprlHo, tho tlmo for permitting iiny government of antl-aoclal nlrlt find of Imperfect development to bnr the work, was past. Tho United States had assumed .in connection with tho canal certain re sponsibilities not only to Its own people, but to tho civilized world, which Impeui tlvcly demanded that there should no Jonger bo delay In beginning tho work. "Second While It was settled that tho canal should bo built without unnecessary or Improper delay, It wuh no less clear ly jiliown to be our purposo to deal not jnerely In a spirit of justlco but In a spirit of goneroslty with the people through whoso land wo might build It. The llay Jlerran treaty, If It erred at nil, erred In tho direction of an over-generonlty to wards tho Colombian government. In our nnxlety to bo fair wo had gone to the very verge In yielding to a weak nation's de . nun id what that nation was helplessly unable to enforce Iroin uh against our will. Tho only criticisms made upon tho ndmlnlstratlon for tho terms of the llny llorrnn treaty were for having granted too much to Colomblu, not for failure to grant enough. Neither In tho congress nor In tho public prcBS, nt tho tlmo that thlu treaty wus formulated, was tliere com iplnlnt that It did not In tho fullest and amplest manner guurnntco to Colombia everything that she could by any color of tltlo demand. "That tho canal Itself waa eagerly dc "tnnniled by tho peoplo of tho locnllty through which It was to pass, and that "tho peoplo of this locality no less eagerly longed for Uh construction tinder Amer ican control, are shown by tho unanim ity of action In tho now Panama repub lic. Furthermore Colombia, after having "rejected tho treaty In splto of our pro tosts and wnrnlngs when It wns In hor -power to accept It, has since shown tho utmost eagerness to nccopt tho samo treaty If only tho status quo could bo ro tored. Ono of tho men standing highest In the olllclnl circles of Colombia, on No vember C. addressed tho American min ister at Hogota, saying that If tho gov ernment of tho United States would land troops to preserve Colombian sovorolgnty nnd tho transit, tho Colombian govern ment would Meclaro martial law; and, by virtue of vested constitutional author ity, when public order Is disturbed, Iwouldl approve by decreo tho ratlllca tlon of tho canal treaty as signed; or, If tho government of tho United States profors, Iwould call extra session of the congress with now and friendly mem bersnext May to npprovo tho treaty.' Having those facts In view, there Is no shadow of question that tho govornmont of tho United States proposed a treaty which was not merely Just, but generous to Colombia, which our peoplo regarded as erring, If at all. on the sldo of over gcnoroslty; which was hailed with do light by tho people of tho immediate locality through which tho canal was to pass, who wero most concerned as to tho new order of things, and which the Co lombian authorities now recognize us be ing so good that they arc willing to prom ise Its unconditional ratlilcatlon If only wo will desert those who have shown themselves our friends . nnd restore to thoso who have shown themselves un Iriendly tho power to undo what they did. 1 pass by the question ns to what nssur--anco wo huvo that they would now keep their pledge and not ngaln refuse to ratify the treaty if they had tho power; for, of courso, 1 will not for ono moment .discuss the possibility of tho United States committing an net of such base ness as to abandon tho new republic of 2'anu.mu. "Third. Finally tho congress definitely iBottled wheru tho canal was to bo built. It was provided that a treaty should bo mado for building the canal across tho Isthmus of Panama: and if, after reason able time, It proved Impossible to securo .eucli treaty, that then we should go to Nicaragua. Tho treaty hus been made; for it needs no argument to show that tho Intent of tho congress was to Insure .a canal across Pnnama. and that whether tho republic granting tho title was called 'Now Granada, Colomblu or Pnnama mat tered not ono whit. As events turned out, tho question of 'reasonable time' did -not enter Into tho matter at all. Al though, as tho months went by, it be icamo Invreastngly Improbable that tho Colombian congress would ratify tho treaty or tako steps which would bo qulvnlcnt thereto, yet all chance for audi action on their part did not vnnlsh until tho congross closed at tho end of October: nnd within three days there after tho revolution In Panama had broken out. Panama became un inde pendent fltatf. nnd tho control of the ter H ry in cfMs.it v fur building tin- niml i lien became obtainable. The i'rilit!ii Hinder which alone wo could have gond ii Nicaragua thereby liwauie llilpoHrflbli r fulilllnii iit. If tho pending treaty w'tli Panama should not be ratllbM by the M tiate, thin would not alter tho fact that wn could not go to Nicaragua. Tin con ttrpH lin derided the routs, ami there l n alternative under existing legislation.'' Tim president hnyn . that after the allure of tho Colombian congress to ratify the treaty It seemed that the gov ernment would have to jo to the Nicar agua route, and that he had made the original draft of his mennnKo to 'iinre" along that line. Thin wnu ono of three .ilternatlves that confronted tho govern ment. Another was that the peoplo of Pnnnmn might tk the protection i f their own Interests Into their own bunds and estnblls.. a government competent and willing to do ltn share In th con struction of the rnnal This t what oc curred, and made the reverting to the Nlcarnguan route unneceiwnrr. and, in fact, Impossible under the authority of the president ns vested In him by the action of congress. Heport of Commander llttlihnrd. Tho president emphatically denies that this government had any hand In the Instigating of this revolution- He knew, ns all the world did, that auih wns Im minent, and the navy department took necessary measures to protect American Interests, but nothing further. He give copies of the orders sent to commanding olllcers of American warships, and their various reports upon the situation. II charges Colombia with virtually making war noon the United States at Colon, ami quotes tho report of Commander Hub- j bard, of tho Nashville, dated November 15, to sustain this charge. In this report Commander Iiubbnrd says. In part: "Pending a complete report of the oc currences of tho last three days in Colon. Colombia, I most respectfully Invite the department's attention to those of the date of Wcdnesduy, November 4, which amounted to practically tho making of war ttgalnst tho United Stntos by the oillcer In command of tho Colomblnn troops In Colon. At ono o'clock p. m. on that dato I was summoned on shore by a preconcerted signal, and on landing met tho United States consul, vlco consul and Col. Shnler, tho general superintendent of tho Panama railroad. The consul In formed mo that ho had received notice from tho ofllcer commanding tho Colom bian troops, Col. Torres, .through the prefect of Colon, to the effect that If the Colombian olllcers, Cons. Tobal and Amaya, who had been seized in Pnnoinn on tho evening of the 3d of November by tho independents nnd held as prisoners, wore not released by two o'clock p. in., he, Torres, would open lire on the town of Colon nnd kill every United States citizen In tho place, and my advice and action wero roqucstcd. I advised that all tho United States citizens should tako refuge In tho shed of thu Panama Halt road company, a stone building suscept ible of being put into good stato for de fense, and that I would Immediately land such body of men, with extra arms for arming tho citizens, as tho complement of tho ship would permit. This wns agreed to and 1 immediately returned on board, arriving at 1:16 p. m. Tho order" for lauding was immediately given, and ut 1:30 p. m. tho boats lett the ship with a party of i2 men under tho comfflrmd of U.CUt. Commander II. M. Wltzel, with Midshipman J. P. Jackson as second in command. Tlmo being pressing, 1 gave verbal orders to Mr. Wltzel to tako tho building abovo referred to, to put It Into tho best stato of lofenso possible, and protect tho lives of tho citizens assembled there not llrlng unless llred upon. Tho Colombians surrounded tho build ing of the railroad company almost Im mediately after we had taken possession, and for about ono and a half hours their attltudo was most threatening, it being seemingly their purposo to provoke an attack. Happily our men wero cool and steady, nnd while tho tension was verv great no shot was llred. AC ubout 3:16 p. in. Col. Torres anno Into the building lor an Interview and expressed himself as most friendly to Americans, claiming that tho wholu affair was a misappre hension and that ho would like to send tho alcaldo of Colon to Panama to Me Qen. Tobal and have him direct tho dis continuance of tho show of force. A spe cial train was furnished and snfo conduct guaranteed. At nbout 5:30 p. m. Col. Torres mado tho proposition or withdraw ing his troops to Monkoy Hill, If 1 would withdraw tho Nushvlllo's forco and leave tho town In possession of tho police until tho return of tho alcaldo on the morn.ng of tho 5th, Alter an Interview with the United States consul nnd Col. Shnler as to tho probability of good faith In tho matter, I decided to accept tho proposi tion and brought my men on board, the disparity in numbers between my forco and that of tho Colombians, nearly ten to one, making mo desirous of avoiding a conflict so long ns tho object In view, tho protection of American citizens, was not Imperiled. "I am positive that tho determined at tltudo of our men, their coolness and evi dent Intention of (standing their ground, had a most salutary and decisive effect on tho Immediate situation and was the Initial stop in tho ultlmato abandoning of Colon by these troops and tholr return to Cnrtagena the following day. "I feel that 1 cannot sulllclently strong ly represent to tho dopnrtmcnt the gross ness of this outrage and tho Insult to our dignity, even apart from tho savagery of the threat." In view of tho reports of the various naval olllcers In Panuma waters tho presi dent concludes "Hint, instend of there hav ing been too much provision by tho Amer ican government for the malntenanco of order and tho protection of life and prop erty on the Isthmus, the orders for tho movemont of tho American warships had been too long delayed; so long, in fact, that there were but 42 marines and sailor." available to land and protect the lives of American men and women. It was only the coolness and gallantry with which this little bnnd of men wenrlng the America" uniform faced ten times their number of armed foes, bent on carrying out the atro cious threat of tho Colombian command er, that prevented a murderous catastro phe. At Paiiamn, when tho revolution broko out. there was no Amerlcnn mnn-of-wnr and no American troops or sailors. At Colon, Comnmnder Hubbard acted w ith entlro impartiality towards both sides, preventing any movement, whether bv the Colombians or the Pannmans, which would tend to produce bloodshed. On No vember 9 he prevented a bodv of tho rev olutionists from landing at Colon." So Complicity In Itcvnlnt Inn. Ilotening to tho charges of complicity of this government in tho revolution the president says: "I hesitate to refer to the Injurious In sinuations which havo been made of com plicity by this government In the revolu tionary movement in Panama. They are as destitute of foundation as of propriety. The only excuse for my mentioning them Is the fear lest unthtnKIng persons might mlstako for acquiescence the silence of mere self-respect. I think proper to sny. therefore, that no ono connected with this government had any part In preparing, Inciting or encouraging tho late revolution on the Isthmus of Panama, and that save from the reports of our military and naval olllcers, given above, no ono connected with this government had any previous knowledge of the revolution except such as was accessible to any person of ordi nary Intelligence who road the newspa pers and kept up a current acquaintance with public affairs. " After thus treating extensively tho events leading up to and during the revo lution the president refers to the recogni tion of the new government by the United States, and In this connection he .says; "By the unanimous action of Its peo ple, without the llrlng of a shot with a unanimity hardly before recorded in any similar case the people of Panama de clared themselVes no Independent repub lic. Their recognition by this government was based upon a slate of facts in no way dependent for Its Justllicntlon upon our action In ordinary cases, 1 have not denied, nor do I wish to deny, cltrrr tho validity or tin j rorit tj or tin guiral rule that a mw m:p ar.ou.d not in rec uniz"! as itid' i" lull nt tut it has hown its ability to ii.iiuiIhIu its indi pendi nee This run- ; derived ft Din tie ptilirlp.e of nonintervention, ami n a eorolim i.ftbat principle hit ni!iini.. l'n observed by tho United State. But. like the principle from which It is effilu-J, the rule Is sub ject to exceptions; and there are In jny opinion dear and Imperative reasons why a departure from It wae Justified and even required In the preenu Instance. Thtio reasom embrace, tirst. our treaty rights; cond, our national interests and safely; and, third, tho Interests of collective civili zation." ItenNoim for It at lllent Ion. He reviews these reasons at considerable length ahd Justtnts the- ptedy recognition on either and all of them. Ho reters to precedents to hcw that trentles concluded with one nation are binding upon the i,c rettor: of that nation thus the treHty of 154 with New (iranada was transferred firt to Colombia' and now to Panama. Of th second reason he savs: Thi recognition wn, In the second place, further Justified by the highest con '.Jeratlons of our national Interests and fet In all the range of our Interna tiona, relations, I do not heMi'aU to in firm that there Is nothlngof greater or more prv!lng Importance Tnan the con struction of an Interoceanlo canal. Long acknowledged to Iw essential to our com mercial development. It has become, as the result of the recent extension Of our territorial dominion, more dinn ever es sential to our national self-defense. . . . In the light of our present situation, the establishment of easy and speedy com munication by sea betwien the Atlantic and the Pacific presents Itself not simply as something to be desired, but as nn ob ject to be positively nnd promptly at tained. Beacons of convenience have hem superseded by reasons of vital necessity, which do not admit of Indefinite deiajs." In the same connection ho charges Co lombia with attempting to so delay the rntlilcntlpn of any cannl treaty us to place- that government In a position not only to securo the Jlo.0CO.00O offered it as compensation by this government, but to secure the MO.OOO.OoO promised tho Panama Canal company for its franchise and rights as well. By waiting until Octo ber 31, 11KH, tho franchiso ot tho Panama company would have expired, and the Colombian government bo in a poslt.on to seize its property nnd rights on the Isthmus, nnd then bo In a position to de mand of the United Stntes tho payment to that government of both sums. In this connection he snys: "Such Is the scheme to which it was proposed that the United States should bo invited to become a party. Tho con struction of tho e'nnal was to be rele gated to tho indefinite future, while Co lombia was, by reason of her own dclny, to be placed in the 'more advantageous' position of claiming not merely the com pensntlon to be paid by the United Statci for the privilege of completing tho canal, but also tho JiO.OOO.COiJ authorized by the net of 1902 to bo paid for the property ot tho New Panama Canal company. Thai tho nttempt to carry out this scheme would have brought Colombia Into' con flict with the government of Franco can not bo doubted; nor could tho United States havo counted upon Immunity from tho consequences, ot the nttempt, even npart Irord tho indefinite delays to which tho construction of the canal was to be subjected. On the first appearance of danger to Colombia, this governmcnl would have been summoned to Interpose, In order to give effect to tho guarantcei of tho trenty of 1S46; nnd all this in sup port of a plan which, while character Ized In its first stage by the wanton dis regard of our own highest interests, was fitly to end In further Injury to the cit izens of a friendly nation, whose enor mous losses In their generous efforts to pierce tho isthmus have become a mat ter of history." Of tho third reason for speedy recog nition tho president s-nys in part: "In the third place, I confidently main tain that the recognition of the republic of Pnnama was nn act Justified by th Interests of collective civilization. If ever a government could be said to have re ceived a mandate from civilization to effect an object tho accomplishment of which was demanded In tho Interest of mankind, tho United Stntes holds thai position with regard to the interoceanic canal. Since our purposo to build the canal was definitely announced, there havo como from all qunrters assurances of approval and encouragement, In which even Colombia herself at one time par ticipated; and to genernl nssurances were ndded specific acts and declarations. In order that no obstacle might stand In out way, Great Britain renounced important rights under tho Claytoti-Bulwer treatv nnd agreed to its abrogation, receiving i return nothing but our honorable pledg to build the canal and protect It ns an open highway. Justified by Collective Civilization "That our position as the mandatary ol civilization has been by no melius mis conceived Is shown by tho promptitude with which the powers have, ono after another, lollowed our leud in reeogn.ing Panama us an Independent state. Out action In recognizing tho now republic has been followed by like recognition n the part of France, Germany, Denmark, Kussla, Sweden and Norway, N.cm.i.m, Peru, China, Cuba, Great Britain, Italy, Costa Bica, Japan und Austria-llungitiy. "In view of tno manifold consldeiat.ons of treaty right and obligation, of national Interest and safety, and of collectlvo civ ilization, by which our government as constrained to not, I urn at a loss to comprehend tho attitude of those who can discern in tho rcognltlon of tho re public of Panama only a general np provnl of tho prlnclplo of 'revolution' by which a given government is ovorinrntil or ono portion of a country separated from nnother. Only the amplest Justi fication can warrant a revolutionary movement of either kind. But there 1" no fixed rule which can bo applied to all such movements, liach case must be Judged on Its own merits. There tun. been many revolutionary movemont3, many movements for tho dismemberment of countries, which wero evil, tried oy any standard. But in my opinion im dis interested and fair minded observer ac quainted with the circumstances can fall to feel that Panama had tho amplest Jhm tillcation for separation from Colombia under tho conditions existing, nnd, more over, that its action was In tho highest degree beneficial to the interests of the entiro civilized world by .securing the immediate opportunity for tho building of tho lnteroeennlc cannl. The peoplo of the Isthmus, and ns I firmly believo of tho adjacent parts of Central and South America, will bo grently lame nted by the building of tho canal and tho guarantee of peace and order along its line; and hand In hand with tho benefit to them will go the benefit to us and to mankind. By our prompt nnd decisive action, not only havo our interests and those of tho world at large been con cerved, but we havo foreitolled compli cations which wero likely to bo fruitful In loss to ourselves, nnd In bloodshed and sultering to the peoplo of the isthmus. "Instead of usint; our forces, as wo wero Invited by Colombia to do, for tho twofold purpose of defeating our own rights nnd Interests nnd tho Interests of tho civilized world, and of compelling tho submission of the peoplo of tho Isthmus to those whom they regarded as npprett. sors, we shall, as In duty bound, keep tho transit open and prevent its invasion. Meanwhile, tho only question now before us Is that of the ratification of the treaty. For It Is to bo remembered that a taliuro to ratify the tre-nty will not undo what has been done, will not reston? Panama to Colombia, and will not alter our obli gation to keep the transit open aen the Isthmus, nnd to prevent any outsldo power from menacing tlms transit. "In conclusion lot mo repent that tho question actually before this govornmont is not that of the recognition of Panama ns an Independent republic. That Is al roady an accomplished fact. The ques tion, and tho only question, Is whether or not we shall build an Isthmian cunaV GOVERNOR OF OREGON Uses HU lia s.ai)1l'y CAPITOL IJUILDING, SALIDI, OREGON. A Letter From Tho Governor of Oregon. Pcnitia is known from the Atlantic; to the Pacific. Letters of eontrrutuliition aiiel coiuiiiundatiou testifyinir to the merits of Pcruna ns a catarrh remedy tiro pouring in from every Stato in tho Union. Dr. Hai'liiian is receiving hun dreds of such letters daily. All classes write these letters, from the highest to tho lowest. Tho outdoor laborer, tho indoor arti san, theelerk,theeditor, thostatcsman, tho preacher all agree that Pcruna is tho catarrh remetly of the age. The stage and rostrum, recognizing catarrh as their greatest enemy, aro especially enthusiastic in their praise und testi mony. Any man who wishes perfect health must bo entirely free from catarrh. Ca tarrh is well nigh universal; almost om nipresent. Pcruna' is the only absolute safeguard known. A eoltl is the be ginning of catarrh. To prevent colds, to euro colds, is to client catarrh out of its victims Pcruna not only cures ca tarrh, but prcventsit. Every 'household should bo supplied with this great rem edy for coughs, colds and so forth. The Governor of Oregon is an ardent admirer of Pcruna. He keeps it con tinually in the house. In a recent let ter to l3r. Ilartman, he saj's: Statr of Oiucgon, EXECUTIVB DK 1'AltTM KNT, J Tho Pcruna Medicine Co., Columbus, 0.: DearSlrsIhnve Iiadoccnslon to use your Pcruna medicine in my family for colds, and it proved to be an excel lent remedy. I have not had occasion to use It for other ailments. Yours very truly, V. M. Lord. It will be noticed that tho Governor says he has not had occasion to use Pc runa for other ailments. The reason for this is, most other ailments begin, with a colel. Using Pcruna to promptly curccold8, lie protects hisfamily against other ailments. This is exactly what every other family in tho United States should do. Keep Pcruna in the house. Use it for coughs, colds, la grippo, untl other climatic affections of winter, and there will be no other ailments in tha house. Such families should provide themselves with a copy of Dr. Hart man's free book, entitled, Winter Catarrh." Address Dr. Ilartman, Co lumbus, Ohio. Ask Your Druggist for a free Peruna Almanac for 1904. BEST FOR THE BOWELS CANDY CATBIARTiC DU GUARANTEED GORE for all bowel troubleo. appendicitis, blllonnnnss, bad bronth, bad blood, wind on tue Rtomach, fonl, mouth, headm'ho. Indigestion, pimplea, pains aftor eating, ltvor trcsbie. sallow complexion and dizziness. Whon your bovrols don'l movo regularly yon nro sick. 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