CARE OF THE FEET.
Comparison of the Turkish
and Bulgarian Armies
Both Are Well Organized But Bulgaria Seems
Beaten Before War Begins.
fAIt between Turkey and Bul
garia, It would Boom from a
study of tho subject, would
hn miw'li lllcn thn war bo-
W WT3" tween Turkey and Grcoco
v a farco from tho military
standpoint. Hut there Is an "If" In tho
situation If Russia did not help Bul
earla, as Is now prophesied by thoso
in a positiqn to Judge. And if Russia
lld tho end would bo too complicated
to even permit of a guess at it in tho
short spaco of a newspaper lottor.
Rut under present conditions a study
of tho military resources of Turkey
and Bulgaria, tho fighting strength of
tho two nations, tho quality of their
soldiers, cannot help but bo of Interest.
On paper, Turkey has Bulgaria swal
lowed at a mouthful before war begins.
Population is an Important item when
attempting to estimate- tho fighting
strength of nation?. Of population
Bulgaria is credited with 3,300,000 peo
ple from which to draw her fighting
men; while Turkey boasts of a popula
tion of moro than 23,000,000, but of
theso somo 5,000,000 aro Christian sub
jects, who aro neither ollgiblo to serv
ice or permitted to servo In tho army.
Thoy aro, however, scrvlceablo as tax
payors and provision furnishers for
tho troops in tho field. Out of hor
tHe- castle ofveurope
population Bulgaria figures that sho
can muBtcr an army of practically 300,
000 men, though a largo part of them
fully one-half aro not connected
with tbo regular military organizations
of tho country, but aro much llko our
own unorganized mllltin though many
of them havo had moro o.r less training
in tho army. To got this number sho
would have to call upon every able
bodied man In tho state between tho
ages of 18 and 45 years, Including for
eigners who had resided In tho coun
try thrco yonrs.
Turkey's fighting strength is placed
at a trlllo over 1,000,000 men, a great
er majority of whom are efficiently
trained than is tho caso with Bulgaria,
and her ago . limit Is higher, nono
younger than 20 years being called for
isorvlco.
The greater part of tho world has
been wont to look upon tho Turkish
army as a poorly paid, poorly disci
plined, poorly equipped body of Ir
regularly soldierly, from whom but llt
tlo could bo expected as fightors savo
under tho excitement of religious
fanaticism. Such, howover, Is a wrong
impression. "Without oven a study of
tho character of tho Turkish soldlor, or
of tho army's organization, , history
will teach us that ho Is glftod with a
lioroism which tho soldiers of othor
nations might well bo proud. Nor do
wo have to go back further than tho
Russian-Turkish war of 1S77-78 to find
this display of heroism. What nation
can point to a grander examplo of duty
faithfully and heroically performed
than that of tho Turkish troops under
Osman Pasha during tho eioga of
Plovna?
Despite our sneers, and our hatred
of tho TurklBh character, a hatred
which 'may bo woll founded In tho
light of our modern civilization, tho
Turkish army Is nn efficient military
tforco. It 1b organized on modern Hues,
Its discipline Is not excelled in any
army in Europe; it is well clothed, woll
fed, woll armed, and though poorly
paid, its religious fervor In time of war
with a Christian power ,moro than com
pensates for tho lack of pay. Germany,
tho generally accopted standard of
.military excellence In Europo to-day,
lias provided its arms, and Krupp guns
liristla from tho portholos of a hundrod
fortresses located at slragetlc points,
nearly 1,600 Krupp field guns aro to
bo found In its field batteries; Its In
fantry carry Mauser rifles of tho lates
model, while its cavalry is armed with
the same mako of carbine, and is bet
ter mounted than any similar force in
JEuropo. So much for its .German
WBM
mm
armament. Its organization Is tho
product of tho best of German officers.
No less a personage than Von Moltko
laid tho foundations of tho prcsont
stato of efficiency, and tho lessons
which that great soldier taught have
been neither neglected or forgotten.
In fact, a monument erected to him
In Constantinoulo Is a constant re
minder to tho Turks of tho training
ho gave them.
When wo remember tho opening of
tho Greco-Turkish war of 1897, it is
easy to imagine tho fighting strength
of tho empire. Then, without any
scorning effort, 600,000 men were mob
ilized within a few days, and though
less than one-half of this number wero
of tho regular establishment, all of
them wero trained soldiers of tho re
Borvo, who had previously served with
tho colors. Whllo that war was In
progress Gen. Miles, of our own army,
visited Constantinople as a military at
tache. During his Inspection of ono
of tho barracks ho asited tho colonel
commanding n regiment how long It
would tako him to get his regiment
ready to board tho train or steamship
fully equipped for field service. Ho
was assured that It could bo dono
easily in G minutes. That Illustrates
tho rapidity with which Turkey could
on the bosphorus.
mobilize her pormanent army of' 300,
000 men to meet tho permanent army
of Bulgaria of 100,000 men,
In tho event of war the Turkish
army In tho field would no doubt bo
commanded by Edhom Pasha, a com
panion of Osman Pasha, u soldlor who
rendered gallant servlco In tho Plovna
campaign of 1877-78, and who com
manded tho Turkish army U the field
In tho war with Greece. Ho is a sol
dier who has Gocured his w v train
ing In war.
Though weaker In many respects
than its probablo opponent, tho Bul
garian army Is not to bo sneered at
by would-bo military critics, and it
would In all probability glvo a good
account of Itself on tho field of bat
tle. Its organization Is comparatively
now, springing as it did from tho Bul
garian battalions of volunteers In 1877,
and probably from this reason, as
much as from tho spirit of progres
slvoness which actuates tho Bulgarian
peoplo In all thlngo military, It is
modern, and the heroism of Its soldiers
Is unquestioned, though In a, way un
tried. Its Infnntry Is armed with the
Manllcher rifle, which Is numbered
among tho best by military exports.
Tho cavalry was reorganized In 1901,
and Is armed with tho Manllcher car
bine, whllo tho artillery, consisting of
nino regiments with a total of 321 field
guns, nlnn rcglmonts of six-gun moun
tain batteries, 5 companies of garrison
artlllory, and five howitzer batteries,
practically all of which aw equipped
with tho best of guns from that Eu
ropean arsonal, tho Krupp factory.
But llttlo Bulgaria Is. wo fear, play
ing with tho flro that burns, if if rU8.
sla Is not back of her, and if Russia is
I boliovo it was one of our own gen
orals who said "war is holl" and In
tnat caso, luurope will hayo an abund
anco of it. uaxiel clkverton.
Mistaken Iileiitlt)'.
In his monologue at the Orpheum, re
cently, James .1. Corbott told of an in
cident that occurred at tho Coney Is
land club when ho fought "Jim" Jeffries
for the first time. Tho fighter had to
pass through the crowd of spectators
on tho way to tho dressing-rooms. Ono
man there, though ho had never seen
either of tho fighters, had backed Jef
fries heavily. As Corbett, followed by
his trainers, passed Into tho place,
somo ono yelled: "Hello, hero's Jim!"'
Tho man who was backing . Jeffries
thought It was his favorite who had ar
rived, and rushed up 'and caught Cor
bett by tho hand. "Good luck, Jim!"
ho shouted. "I hope you knock Cor
bett's block off."
What a Woman Wltnmc HntiflcirnrU
Keeps IIr Aliuoxt Constantly
on Her Vcet -Should Do.
Busy housekeepers who must bo al
most constantly on their feet In the sum
mer should tako extra precautions If they
wIbIi to avoid corns, bunions and tho
many othor ills to which the pedal ex
tremities aro BUbJect, says Eleanor R.
Parker in the Home Magazine.
A great many bUBy women think that
It Is quite sufficient to bath the feet in
warm water twice a week; b'ut they
should bo bathed and powdered with
some cooling powder at least once a day
and tho stockings changed every morn
ing; old-fashioned white stockings aro
good for house wear in summer or at
least thoso which havo white feet. Shoes
for general wear should be comfortable,
though not too loose, and tho soles should
bo moderately heavy. Once or twice a
week soak tho f,cet In warm water for
fifteen minutes and then scrub thorough
ly with a flesh brush or coarse wash rag.
Cut. tho nail straight across each toe; do
not allow them to project beyond tho
tips or cut them down too closely at tho
sides. Rough or calloused spots may bo
removed by rubbing with a piece of toilet
pumice stone. If there aro thickened
accumulations along tho sides of tho
soleB, ubo a piece of metal or anything
with a thin but dull edge to scrapo
away tho deadened skin. If the feet aro
naturally dry, rub into tho soles somo
fine cream or oil; If they are inclined to
bo moist, ndd powdered borax to tho
water In which they are washed and
sprlnklo tho borax between tho toes.
Where persons are afflicted with dls
agreeablo odora from tho feet, which
arises not from uncleanllness, but from
nn actual disease which manifests its
presence in this way only, the stockings
Bhould be rinsed in a solution of one
fourth ounce salicylic acid and ono nnd
one-half pints of water. Dust tho feet
with powdered boraclc acid.
Several thicknesses of old carpet
bound together and laid before the table,
stove, etc., will do much toward protect
ing the feet.
HE WAS PRACTICAL.
To Meet Hor ly Moonlight Cot".oth
liiST, Hut to .Meter hy CunllK'ht
Im Dlirorent.
"My boy," said the old man, kindly,
as ho poked his head through tho
back parlor doorway about 11 p. m.,
whero his prospective son-in-law,
Charles, sat courting Eliza, with tho
gas . turned on full force, "are you
aware that tho moon Is shining bright
ly this evening? Just see," and tho
old man turned the gas out. "Just ob
serve, my boy, how tho moon's yellow
rays light up tho room. Truly It Is a
glorious spectacle! But come with me
a momont; I havo something In tho
cellar which I wish to show you."
Then the old man took his bull's
eye lantern and led the way down tho
cellar stairs, closely followed by
Charles.
"My boy," he said softly, as they
reached tho cellar, "I know you love
Eliza with all the strength of your
noble heart, and you love to meet her
often, and lot irte say that I havo no
objection whatever to your doing so;
I simply request your presence in this
cellar that I might give you a much
needed and useful lesson In economy.
Observe, young man, that little box
over In that corner."
Here ho turned tho light Qf his
bull's-eye full upon the aforesaid box,
says Londdn Tlt-BIts.
"Well, that's a gas-moter, and every
time that little pointer whirls round,
the spaco of that dial It means Cs. Cd.
nearer tho workhouse for me. That's
all, Charles. Now we will ascend, and
hereafter, when the moon Is shining
you will npt forget my lesson In econ
omy, will you? Remember, my boy,
to meet her by moonlight costs noth
ing, but to meter by gaslight" is
quite another affair. Good-night,
Charles, tho moon Is still shining
brightly,. I see." '. '
Then tho old man skipped blithely
ap tho back stairs to bed. . "
Tomato I'M htm.
Select tho small, pear-shaped variety,
using six pounds of tomatoes to threo
pounds of granulated sugar. The to
matoes must bo quite ripe; put them a
tow at n tlmo into a wire basket nhtl
plungo them Into boiling water, only
Rllow them to remain a moment or
they will soften; remove tho skins and
place a layer of the tomatoes In n gran
ite kettle, sift over thorn the given
amount of sugar, stand tho kettle on
the back or tho range, over a very
piodorate heat; watch them as the su
gar molts, but do not stir, stew until
tho tomatoes look clear, then lift them,
spread out on tho dishes and dry in
tho oven, or sun, RprlnkHr.fr wlth gran
ulated sugar occasionally and turning
them 6nco or twice. When perfectly
dry pack them Into tin boxes between
layers of granulated sugar in waxed
paper. Good Housekeeping.
A I'oor rhlicnmin," .
.
"I'll never go fishing with that lunk
head, Smith, again." . .
"Didn't catch- jany thing, eh?". ' .
"No; nnd dasn't say I caught any-
thing, for fear that ho .will tell tho
truth about it." Judge.
Who Will Get
State of Morocco
Three Great Powers Are Specially Interested in This
Portion of Western Africa
ABDUL AZIZ, tho youthful
V cnltnn nf Mnrrnrn c flpRnnttn.
head of a country about
ready for tho pawnshop.
Great are the financial needs
of tho Shcrefeean govern
ment. For two years no taxes have been
collected, savo at the ports, and in the
meanwhile loans have had to be ob
tained to continue carrying on the war
against the pretender. Great Britain,
Franco and Spairi each havo advanced
300,000, and France is about to grant
an added advance of 20,000,000 francs,
it goes without Baying that it is not puro
philanthropy that actuates theso na
tions to aid Morocco. The control of
the Barbary ports is, a responslbilty
each doubtless would be willing to as
sume; the control of tho once far-famed
Barbary states, famed for their riches
and their piracy.
Donald Mackenzie says Great Britain
has three main reasons for her deep in
terest in Morocco. Once sho held Tan
glers as a British possession (1CG1-1C84),
and some sentiment attaches to that.
Then Gibraltar was taken by the Eng
lish, and as this great fortress is partly
provisioned from Morocco, it is a mat
ter of considerable Importance to Eng
land who has control of the latter
STREET SCENE
country. Lastly, the bulk of the com
merce of Morocco passes through Eng
lish hands, but as this Is not largo It Is
not of prime importance. As an English
correspondent well puts It: "To the
people of England It may matter little
whether or not they have a share in tho
agricultural and commercial possibil
ities of Moroc'co. But wo have a military
interest that is vital. Tho power that
holds Morocco and requires free access
by sea to the east cannot allow the ports
of the sultan to pass into tho hands of
any European state. Gibraltar Is largely
dependent on Moorish markets for sup
plies, and tho range of hills from Capo
Spartel to Ceuta Is capable of being for
tified in a manner that would threaten
our access to the Mediterranean. To
keep tho straits open Is even moro es
sential to tho security of tho British
empire than tho unobstructed passage
of tho Suez canal."
The Interests of Franco aro Doth com
mercial and political. France standB
next to England In trade relations, and
ardently desires to promoto futuro
trade. Then tho fact that Morocco bor
ders oii the French colony of Algiers is
a matter of much momont. Frnnco
would be very glad to havo sufficient
power in Morocco to suppress tho tribes
on tho ' frontier that aro constantly
harassing the French' officials of Al
geria. From time to tlmo Franco has
.made moves that have been- regarded
jealously by tho other nations. Sho has
kept her troops massed on the Morocco
frontier, but possibly, as sho says, only
with a view to secure a trado rout,c
through tho western Sahara.
The Interest of Spain In Morocco has
little to do with cqmmerco, dopendB
upon tho lpng hlstorjcal associations of
the Spanish and the Moofs. Ever since
Ferdinand the Great drove the Mbora
put of Granada back to their original
homo In western Africa the Spanish
have marked with watchful, eyes tho
doings of their ancient enemy. Ami '
sentiment that is of centuries' growth
cannot easily bo eradicated; Jt Is quite
possible that the strength of Spain's
Interest iri Morocco is ub formidable to
the sultan as oven aro tho commercial
motives of Groat Britain and France.
Recently Russia has evinced concern
for what Is transpiring In Morocco, nnd
haB established a legation at Tangier.
Report says Russia was .influenced by
France to this action In the hope thereby
to, upset British InfUionco in Morocco
whilst British attention wns centered In
South African affairs; but our own
conntry maintains n legation in Mo
rocco, and we havo no more commercial
interests, there than haBjlussln.
Morocco is on of the worst governe'd
the Tottering
countries in tho world, and the inorark
condition is as low as tho political. 7
The 23-year-old sultan has aosoluto
power over both tho lives and tho prop
erty of his subjects. To bo sure ho has
rather difficult subjects to govern
Arabs, Berbers, Negroes and Jews but
tho thoroughly corrupt political life,
tho policy of nonprogrcBB, Is the worst
possible sort of governing for any peo
ple. The country Is undeveloped,
though rich In resources; no railroads
aro allowed to bo built; tho mineral
wealth of the country cannot bo
touched; no exportation of grain Is al
lowed, and fields llo untllled, laborers
starve, whilst near-ty Europo brings
her wheat from far Australia and India.
On the coast dwell a few thousand
European residents. Tho Bedouin
Arabs Inhabit tho plalnc, tho turbulent
Berbers the mountainous Interior. Over
these latter tho sultan exercises but llt
tlo control. But Is Ib the Sheluh tribes
of central Morocco that aro the most
lawless, recognizing no government,
and always fighting among themselves.
In the north aro the Riff tribes, reported
to be descendants of the Vandals. They
aro not so lawless as the Sheluhs, but
their subjection to the sultan is nominal.
The Moors live in the cities. Tho no-
IN TANGIER.
groes, who are of Soudanese origin,
were orlgally brought as slaves. The
negro, like his mastor, is a Mohamme
dan in religion. Tho Jews, of whom
there are about 309.000 in Morocco, aro
well hated, but tolerated because they
are "the life of trade." Morocco has
an area of about 220,000 square miles.
Its population is estimated at from
4,000,000 to 8,000,000. and it is thought
tho latter flguro Is more nearly correct.
A little resume of the History of Mo
rocco may bo appropriate. About 700
A. D. Morocco was conquered by tho
Arabs. During the eleventh and part
of the twelfth centuries the Almora
vldea, a Mohammedan dynasty of north
western Africa and Spain, had control;
and in the twelfth and thirteenth cen
turies tho Almohades, another Moham
medan dynasty, succedeed tho Almora
vldes. In tho sixteenth century and a
portion of the seventeenth Morocco was
a flourishing state, but later showed
marked signs of loss of power. In mod
ern times she has met defeat after do
feat; in 1847 was a loser In a war with
France, and In 1859-G0 in war with
Spain. In 1893 Morocco was forced .to
pay Spain a largo indemnity becausu
of troubles tho Jattor country had had
With the Rifflan tribes of northern Mo
rocco. The tools In use In Morocco to-day are
of the most primitive sort, as well as
aro tho methods of agriculture and bf
labor generally. In this day of machin
ery ft isjmpoaslblo for -the natibn to
hold any rank commercially, and within
Its confines tho most abject poverty pre
vails. Morocco decorations aro famed
the world over, nnd thoMpors still re
tain Homo of tho old skill in handiwork.
But tho filth and rags of tho mass of tho
people, their unspeakable depravity, fa?
what specially impresses the foreign
1 1 ,1 . -mm- ,
iruvuiur m niouern morocco, .it is very
probablo that very soon the indopond
epco of Morocco will como to an end,
that the throne of "the sick man of the
west'' will falj from under him.
KATHERINE POPE.
Tieum u CiirloHlty In Prance.
''My colored valet created such a sen
sation In many European' cities that lt
proved rather embarrassing, both- to
him and, me," says Mr. Ut R, Blevlnc.
of Now Orloans. "I hnd not supposed
that Africans wore s.uch a rarity In tho
Old World, but tho peoplo over there,
particularly In Frnnco, Judging by their
conduct, had never seen a blapk faco
before. Once he went to a church "in
Lyons, and his prosonco caused vsuch a'
commotion that no attention was paid
to tho priest and .the services had to
be abandoned." ' . . .