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TROUBLE IN TURKEY
American Woman's Noble Part in
the Balkan Crisis.
3 he rrmmiM the Ccnr to Interfere
In llchnlf uf the People of Mnc-
edoula Lender of the Kev
olutlonlata.
tJ
" V Special Vienna Letter.
J1
ALTHOUGH, under pressure from
Austria nud Kussin, the Turk
ish government has consented
to Institute fur-reaching reforms in
Macedonia, on paper at leant, the
spirit of the Macedonian revolution
ists Is as warlike as ever,
und the name most frequently
unU conspicuously associated with the
revolutionary cause is that of Boris
SarafolT. Nothing-, of a desperate na
ture happens in the Balkans but it is
nt once attributed to hini. One has
only to glance at the recently pub
lished Blue and Yellow .Hooks to ap
preciate the importance of his person
ality. His every movement is chron
icled in dispatched to every European
chancellery, and when his thereabouts
are as they frequently are obscure,
the question: ."Where is SarafoltV"
is feverishly telegraphed from half a
dozen European capitals to Constanti
nople, Solia, Belgrade Salonica and
back again.
Sara foil' embodies the idea -of
Macedonia for the .Macedonians. He
is a conspirator'iind rebel of the classic
type, absolutely without scruple and
fond of veiling his proceedings in lurid
mystery. He is, in hhort,.an extremist.
A Macedonian by birth, lie was sent
at an early age to Bulgaria, and there
received his education. He entered the
Bulgarian public service, but soon re
nounced it in order to eonspire I or the
rescue of his fellow countrymen from
the yoke of tliq Turk. , -
At first he participated in the idea
of the "Great ( Bulgaria," 'which was
sought to.be restored by the treaty of
San Stcfnno, and he preached the gos
pel of the annexation of Macedonia.
About two yeajs ago, however, he
changed his mind, and came forward
as the advocate of a new autonomous
'
BULGARIAN TROOPS BRINGING
Uallcan state, as independent, at least,
as Bulgaria itself. For this purpose
he proposed, to- uprlcwith Servia as
well as Bulgaria.
From this,, moment his -autocratic
career became seriously hampered. He
incurred the'enmlty of the'Bulgarian
government and in April, 1U0J, was ar
rested, together with several of his col
leagues, on a charge of murder. In due
cours he was tried and 'acquitted amid
popular rejoicings;, but onemerging
from prison he discovered that the
Bulgarian government had made use
of its opportunity to depose him from
the leadership of the Macedonian move
ment. . il1.
The central'Macedonian committee
had seceded from the moderate party
and formed a new organization to car
ry on his propaganda in Majcldonia.
With this organization he is now at
work and all, the news 'received of an
impending rebellion are echoes of his
operations. He is resolved to delunl
the scheme of reforms set on foot by
the powers, and there is evidence to
t-how that he is obtaining cqn-idern-''
uie support. I ins Is uue to the fact
that, while neither Bulgaria nor Ser
via desire to see an independent tyaee
donia, they would both be exceeding
ly disappointed if the country were to
be pacified by a reform administration,
and thus bound more tightly than ever
to Turkey. Hence. Saraf oil's star is
agin in the asbendant.'
this connection it might be said
t'liat it bccniR strange that an Ameri
can woman, living at Sofia, Bulgaria,
khould have been the chief instrument'
in bringing about tho interference ,of
the powers on behalf of Macedonia.
Reports had been coming in for years
of Turkish atrocities in the Christian
province. Everyone was tired of hear
ing such rumors, and only the press
thnt espoused the caiiHe of the Mace
donians continued to print them. When
the Macedonian peasants began
swarming over the border into Bul
garia with nothing but the clothes on
their backs, general interest was uwuk-
' 'I ' L " " '' "" ' ' '
encd afresh. M. Eakhmcteff, the Rus
sian diplomatic agent at Sofia, being
the representative of the most in
terested nation, dispatched one of the
consuls to investigate the conditions
of the refugees and the causes of
their flight from Turkey. The consul
returned with harrowing tales. A
brave woman then took up the work.
The American wife of the Russian
dinloiruitlo iiin.iif lmR directed the char
ity and hospital works of Sofia ever
since she arrived in the Balkans, five
yenrs ago. She had been decorated for
her work, and on one occasion Prince
Ferdinand had called on her in. per
son and presented a star of diamonds
the only award of this kind which
BORIS SAHAFOFF.
(Leader of the Macedonian Revolutionary
Movement)
the Bulgarian monarch had 'ever be
stowed upon a woman. Besides having
proved her ability as a leader in Bed
Cross work, Mme. Bnkhmcteff was a
personal friend of the czar and of Count
Nicholas Ignatieff, president of the
great Bussian charitable institution,
the St. Petersburg Slavonic society.
The Bussian and Bulgarian officials
asked her to conduct the work of re
lief for the unfortunate people of Eu
ropean Turkey, and to make an inves
tigation of their condition.
The plucky American woman found
thnt many of the poor Macedonians
were crazed by the crimes and
IN REVOLUTIONARY PRISONERS.
atrocities which had boon committed.
Some ofthese horrors were inde
scribable. It had been the custom in
one province to steal young Christian
girls for the harems of Turkish gov
ernors and other officials. As soon
as a female child began to rcvnl
promise of physical charm a small
'cross was tattooed between her eyes.
The-cross saved these girls from in
ferior harems, .but drew upon them
other persecutions, and many so
marked were among the fugitives.
.Many women had had their girls as
mere children captured before their
eyes by soldiers, and if the men in
terfered they were shot down; One
w.omnn came across the border with
her infant on her back, and when
she lifted it down found it cold in
death from a bullet fired at her a a
she was' crossing into Bulgaria.
Women and men were crowded into
the same little hospital when Mme.
Bakhmeteft arrived. Many were ly
ing on the floors, with hardly skinn
enough to cover.'them. She secure'd
'other bujldings, had them fitted out
with cots and blankets, and had tho
women, moved into them. She -went
on ,,to, Kntchnrino,. llisolelo, Drago
dan, Bpboohovn, the monastery of
the Bulgarian monks at Itilo and all
the other towns where the 'fugitives
were quartered, and she carried on
the same. work. . . i
Before she made a second trip to
the border Mne. Bnkhmct.eff went to
St. Petersburg and reported Jjer dis
coveries to 'the czar, who theroupon
called upon. the sultan to institute
reforms, in which she and he wa
seconded by tho emperor of Austria.
Mme. Bakhmeteff is the daughter
of the late Gen. Edward F. Beale, of
Washington, who Berved during
President Grant's administration as
Minister to Austrin. It was while
she was in Vienna that she met and
became the wife of the noted lluf-.
sian diplomat, who now holds one of
the most delicate poBts in Europe.
GRDQOR KAMAKOFF.
' "y VE&xy&Egx, "y's&f&
Lesson in American
-vSS"
"-M-v
N
MOVING AKTIM.KUY AT IMIll OAKS.
Kind Gen. MuCIelliin.
Every soldier, and especially every artilleryman, who served in the civil
war, can fully appreciate the above illustration of a confederate battery
attempting to get into position at the battle of Seven l'liies, fought on
May 31 and June 1, 1802, (luring Gen. McClellnn's peninsular campaign. Tho
incident illustrated here is described by the battery commander as follows,
in "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War:" "1 experienced great difficulty
in getting my guns along. I was obliged at times to unlimber and. use tho
prolongs, the cannoneers being up to their waists in water. About 4:30 p.
in. I was within three-quarters of a mile of Fair Oaks Station with three
picceB and one cnisson, tho remninderof the battery being in tho rear and
coming tip as fast n circumstances wuld permit."
SCHOOL AND CHURCH.
Less than half the children in the
public schools attend Sunday school.
Rev. Charles A. Trotnian, pastor of
the Church of the Redeemer, St. Louis,
is also a practicing physician, having
regular office hotirs during the week.
After an interval of 3C5 years a new
Roman Cntholic abbot has been in
stalled at the abbey of Buckfastleigh,
Devon, England. The ancient monas
tery, .now reestablished, was sup
pressed in 1538.. '
A medal had been struck by the Ger
man Samaritan union in honor of Prof,
von Esmnrch'selthtieth birthday. This
medal will be awarded to those who
have distinguished themselves in the
service of the sick. '
In the school for the blind at Lisbon
there has been established n new kind
of industry which will prove most re
munerative to the inmates. It consists
in unraveling or "picking" vegetable
fibers used as stuffing material for
furniture, btfds, etc.'
The minister of fine arts in Paris, M.
Lej'gues, is at last about 1o sign a de
cree admitting women students in the
school of fine arts to compete for the
Grand Prix dc Rome. There are now
seven women studying painting, one
architecture and eight sculpture. ,
Bcv. Charles M. Sheldon, of Topeka,
Kan., snys that aft-er he had married a
couple not long ago, the bridegroom
fumbled in his pockets nervously with
out producing anything and finally ad
mitted that he had neglected to p'ro
vide for the clergyman's fee. "But,"
he added, brightening up, "I enn show
jrou how to fix your gas meter so that
it won't register."
The physical director at Yale col
lege has measured -11 students enter
ing in the last nine years. The non
smokers 'average 15 months younger
than the smokers, are taller, urid'diiring
the four years in school gnin 21 per
cent. more. in height and 26.7 per dent,
more. in chest growth than do habitu
al users of -tobacco.
The Syrian Protestant college at
Beirut, an ..American nonsectarlan'in
stitution hns 027 students in medicine,
pharmacy, commerce, arts and archae
ology. Twenty-eight of Hie 45profes
ors are Atnerlcrths,' nnrf English is the
prlncipnl medium' of i'nst ruction. The
institution. wih'e Ramples'of American
manufactures and 'commercial litera
ture. Its students come. from Turkey,
Greece, Persia; Egypt and the Soudan.
, , lf
DreaamakerN In Conrt.
A London justice has jtint;made an
important decision regarding dress
makers' disputes. JiVa will not have
dresses tried on In court,, because
he "had long slnco come to tho con
clusion" that twitlu ordinary dresses
any lady could, veap a dress to make
it look as ifit did not ijt" and he
was alsot perfectly satisfied that "any
milliner or dressmaker could pull it
about pud make it fit 'wlen It did
not do' so." N. Y. Sun. ' '
I
T
Concln-Ivr Evidence.
"They weren't playing goli," said tho
wise caddy, "they were nulling love."
"They did stayntthe otherend of the
links a pretty long time,"
"Oh, it ain't that."
"What is'it, then?"
"They wouldn't take n cady along,
an they never lost u all."Cbicago
Post. . .
History in Puzzle
HUMOROUS.
Pish "What made 'em put people
on the rack?" Tush "They wanted, I
surmise, to draw 'em out." Harvnid
Lampoon.
What Bothered Him. "No use ttr
grieve over spilled milk, Bre'r Wil
liams." "I know dey ain't but dey
done stoled my cow." Atlanta Consti
tution. Opdyke "What's the use of arguing
with a woman? you can never con
vince her." Depeyster "True. But
think of the pleasure itgves the W0(jn
an.'k Town ai)d Country
Tlic Governor' (about to engage o
new groom)-r-''My man, do you drink?''
"Enthusiastic , Applicant "I never
'ave, sir; bijt I think 1 can learn, sir."
Harvard Lompooii,
Jim ".Tiiupbon declares that hcis go.
ing to quit using tobacco." .lam "I
never knew that lie used tobacco at all,
You see, I've attempted to smoke some
of the cigars that he smokes." Balti
more Herald.
"I am fixing up a surprise for John,
but'! am afraid that if he stays around
.rhe-house he will discover me." "That's
all right. You just tie a towel around
your head and ask hini If he can't stay
at home to-day and help you take up
the carpets." Baltimore News.
A Simple Rule. "It seems to be n
very nice dog," f-aid young Mrs. Tork
ins, critically, "but it isn't well bred."
"I didn't know you were so well in
formed about dogs," exclaimed her litis,
band. "Oh, I could tell at a glance.
He isn't, ugly enough to be well-bred."
Washington Star.
Dealer "These" are the most benuti
ful cut-glass tumblers we have; $48 n
dozen." Mrs., Housekeep "I'll take
them, but I want you to label them
beconds, Imitation cut glass, $1.59 a
dozen.' " Denier "That's rather a re
markable reqjlest." Mrs. Housekeep
"Yes; it's merely to deceive the servant
girl."f Philadelphia Press.
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One-CIfent .Lawyer.
The poverty'pf brieflvMt barristers is
as proverbial as that of the church
mouse. It would not be an unnatural
mistake to consider a barrister with
only one client hanBy, better oil than
one with nqne.' But the, modern "onc
client;Jawyer" is. usually a prosperous
individual. Said a' man well known in
th,e bufejnesh world.sojne year.ago to a
friend: "t want a young lawyer to put
dqwn at a desk beside mine. I'll famil
iarize hini with my nffairs, and then 1'
want him to keep me out of trOuule.',
1 Wji.i nml tl i TnM li. rf flilc lutl't-l.t. it'linpj
. ..u -....- j.... . .....3 ... ..j v. , miurv
duty it is to act as hl own client's
'ounce of prevention, muy be found in
the office of many large coiicerns. He
is often connected w"ith trust com
panies bdilks, banking hoiihes, rail
road and other transportation com
panies and large wholesale mercan
tile houses. When n merchant found
.himself in a tangle, it was once the
custom for him to go to his lawyer for
adlce. The results wore a written
"opinion," and a fee. The buKinesMiiau
to-day has a lawyer who shall work
for him alone. Again, the field of th6
general, practitioner is narrowed.
World's Worl .
Up Had the Good-.
Earnie Why djd s)(e refuse him? I
thought she said he was a man of ster
ling qualities.
Helen Yes; she did; but she found a
man with sterling silver. Philadelphia
I Record.
RURAL FREE DELIVERY.
It- Future Development Ilependn on
t3ic Equitable-Solution of Mio
Hand Problem.
Tho remarkable growth of tho ru
ral free mail delivery system, and tho
willingness of congress to appro
priate money for extensions faster
than the extensions can bo made,
have been surprising even to the- L
most enthusiastic friends of tho sys
tem. "Why, the thing is spreading
liko wildfire," remarked a gentleman
who had been reading up on tho sub- ,
just. "At this rate rural free mail'
delivery will bo universal in a few t
years." At first glance this view ap
pears to be correct, but in fact such .
a view is merely superficial. It takes
no great amount of investigation to
convince one that tho system must .
meet and overcome very great obsta
cles before it can even become gen
eral, to say nothing of being univer
sal. So far the system has sailed on .
smooth and open seas vlth favorable
winds. Hut no it i rapidly up- '
pronchlng a region of rocks uud
snags and storms.
Dropping the maritime figure and
coming bnck to terra lirinn, the great
obstacle to the general spread of the
rural freo delivery system is tho nils
erable roads of the country.' So fnr
tho system has only been extended
to communities blessed with gootl
roads. Among tho many communi
ties demanding the introduction of
the system the post office department
has been able to stlect thoso which
have good roads, either ns a result
of favorable natural condition or
superior wealth. The less favored
communities, which have been pnssod
by, have consoled themselves with
the thought that their turn would
come soon. But when these disap
pointed communities-uud their num
ber is increasing very rapidly find
out that they are permanently
barred from enjoying the benefits' of
free delivery on' account of the con
dition of their rondrt, a cry of indig
nant opposition will bo raised, and it
will grow into an angry roar abovo
which it is doubtful if tho friends of
free delivery can bo heard. When
this storm breaks the beneficiaries oi
the system will bu found to be i .
small minority and tho disappointed . ..
a large' majority of the rural pop-
ulatlon. Suppose the minority stands A
on its dignity and says: "What are v,
you going to do about it?", ' What's v.
to prevent the disappointed 'majority .
from wiping out the' whole system '
and thus restoring "equality before ,
tho law?" Or suppose 'thmlnorlty
says: "Why don't you improve your--roads,
and thus secure' the hlePalng
of free mall delivery?" The majority
en'n answer: "In improving our roads-'
we have to overcome greater ohtttiK '
cles, and our means are less. Why
not help" us improve. Our 'roads
through general taxation?'' Such a
demand us this is almost certain to
result from the agitation for rural
free delivery of the mails. And what.
is there unreasonable or unjust
about such a demand' The genera)
Improvement 'of the roads of the
country is a work too stupendous to
bo left entirely to the small munlcl; .
palitie.s. Resides, it is not morti
deserving of national aid thnn W
building of railroads and canals, u li
the Improvement of rivers and hart
bora? -
' A proper distribution of the ext
penses of general ronrjtnprovcinont
among the nation, the states mid the
local communities appears to bq je
only practical s'olutipn of the roriVI
problem, and the road problem mu-f
be solved If rural free mail delivory
is to be matle general. (i
BRACING FENCE POSTS.
A Homemade Implement Which Doe
the Work an Well a Thoae
Sold In Shoiia,
Take a 2-inch plank -1 feet long, fl
inches wide, rip it dingonally into
two pieces, 2x2 incites at one end, 2x,
inches at tho otlwer. Butt the -1-inch
ends together and connect them with
a patr'of heavy strap hinges.
Cut another piece 4 feet long for aft
lever and bolt it on as shoun in cut-'
The upper end of the machine should '
FENGK POST BTRAIGHTENER.
have a ferrule and sharpened spike,
to prevent splitting and slipping. The.
bottom end will need a foot to pre
vent sinking in the ground.
To operate, place against leaning; .
post (b), and press down on lever.'
Two bites are often necessary if the
post leans badly. When the post la
plumb, as at (a), the niuchino will
hold it in place for tamping. S. U.
Lawrence, in Farm and Home.
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