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AN IDEA FROM OHIO.
NeJRhborH There Got ToRethcr and
Installed a Co-opcrntlvc Csrn-
V Rtalk Shredder.
There are perhaps many, farmers
who realize the value Ami conven
ience of shredded fodder but do not
Tecl that the results justify the ex
pense of personally owning n shred
der. Two years ago wc hired a huslc
t and shredder, the first one ever in
our community, at $10 per day. Hut
with cold weather, short days, mov
ing the ilaehlnc, etc., we found it a
very expensive method. Besides, the
mvner was some distance from home
and did not like to stop work wheu
the fodder was not in the best con
dition for storing. Last year eight
"j-f-'
COOPERATIVE CORN SHREDDER.
pi us, neighbors, bought a huslcer
and shredder, including n knife grind
er, etc., for $225, or $25 per ehare,
s one stockholder was allowed two
shares, he having about twice as
much corn as the others. He also
had to furnish two men when husk
ing, as it took nine to work it up to
Jull capacity; two in the field to lond,
three to haul corn from field, one to
liaul husked corn and three around
the machine, to haul water and keep
the thing moving in general. They
nlso took turns in feeding, as that
-wns perhaps the hardest work Ju
connection with it.
Much shareholder was charged
three cents per shock, 144 hillp, for
what he had husked, and wns allowed
ten cents per hour for helping the
i. others, no charge being made for
''teams or wagons, as they would have
Tieen idle anyway. We found this
better than husking at so much per
"bushel, as it was less bother. Tf
one's corn was good and large, it
cost him less proportionately than
his neighbor, but as it took longer
to husk- it he had to pay for more
labor, and vice versa, so that nt the
settlement things were pretty well
evened up. We hired a man with his
traction engine and necessary outfit,
at 50 cents per hour actual running
time. As most of us had consider
, able stock to feed we began at eight
a. m. and qui,t nt four p. m., so that
-we vcre not "rushed to death.' If
the fodder or fields were not in good
condition we quit until they were.
One of the number kept account of
the shocks and time we were nt work.
3n 110 hours we husked 1,700 shocks,
which made at least 3,500 bushels
shelled corn. Much of the crop had
been husked by hand before getting
the machine.
This plan gave very good satisfac
tion. This year, however,, we have
not accomplished much, as the
-weather has been so unfavorable.
"We found no difficulty in keeping the
fodder, if practically dry when shred
ded. The blower is much better than
the old style carrier, as that requires
n man in the mow, which causes the
fodder to heat where tramped over.
V'e tried stacking the fodder and it
iept very well, except where the
blower deposited on the stack. Hut
, it was quite a job to stack it, and
-much of the lightest and best parts
of the fodder were blown entirely
off the stack. It was also quite n
task to haul the shredded fodder to
the barn, as it is difficult to handle
ny ordinary means. A neighbor hnd
omc baled, but did not find it profit
able selling it in competition with
Iiay nt $10. He said the bales were
.nearly all moldy when opened for
feeding. Shredded fodder is all right
if one has mow room to store it, and
Twenty of stock to consume it, other
.fsc we doubt its value when com-
pared with its cost. Ohio Letter, in
Jhiral New Yorker.
President Roosevelt says: "While I
am n son of Harvard, I believe that the
tate land grant institutions are do
ing a greater work and are closer to
the hearts of the people than many of
the older nnd better equipped col
leges." The time to shape the heads of trees
Js while they are young. Then the
tops can be easily trained, in ulinoat
jdujy suape aesireuv i
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the. Disease op bees.
Font, Ulaclc nnd ricklcd Arc Moat to
Scared and Shoald He Stamped
Out Promptly.
It has been said that bees are less
liable to disease than any other liv
ing things. It is probably because, the
older members of a colony nre con
stantly giving away to younger ones.
Nothing but a contagious disease can
do much harm where youthful and vig
orous members are being added to the
family almost daily for a great part of
the year, saj's the Farm, Stock and
Home. Therefore, if bees lack thrift,
start brood-rearing briskly, and if the
queen is at fault, substitute another.
Therefore, wc have little to fear from
any disease that does not attack the
brood or young hatching bees, Luck
ily, we have but one such disease, "foul
brood." The novice in bee-keeping
need not be nt loss to know foul brood
at sight. It has two features which
make ft easily distinguishable from
"black brood" and "pickled brood,"
which somewhat resemble it. Foul
brood always has an odor somewhat
resembling that of a glue pot, and the
matter contained in the cells is always
ropy, will stretch like rubber and
snap in the middle.
Of late years a good deal has been
written about what, for a better name,
has been termed "pickled brood;" and
another disease of like nature has
gained considerable headway in many
apiaries in New York, which is at pres
ent termed "black brood." The dis
eases are not so well understood as
yet as is foul brood. We are not pre
pared to state positively whether these
diseases are contagious or not, For sev
eral years we had what appeared to be
pickled brood in both of our yards,
some colonies had only a few cells of
dead brood scattered here and there
with the cappings sunken down slight
ly,, and a little pin hole in most of
the diseased cells, nnd in some cases
it seemed as if the j'oung bees matured
to the point of hatching and then died.
They would cut their way partly out
of the cell, but seemed to lack the
strength to come clear out. All the
diseased matter was usually left in the
cells, as the bees.Eeemed very unwilling
to clean them out. We were alarmed
when the disease .first made its ap
pearance, but soon decided that it was
.not serious, for with one exception
the colonies affected showed up abou
as well as their healthy neighbors. The
excepted colony was seriously affected
for two seasons, nnd in the fall of 1899
had but few bees to go into winter"
quarters. They gave no surplus that
season, but had over 20 pounds of honey
for winter stores. They were put in
the cellar along with the others, and
died soon afterwards, leaving tho
honey almost intact. We would im
press upon the mind of every bee
keeper who reads this the necessity of
extreme care in handling all colonies
that have any disease in the least re
sembling foul brood. The germs of
that dread disease are contained in the
honey, and are conveyed from one
hive to another by robber bees getting
a load of the diseased honey and feed
ing it to the larva in a healthy colony
NEAT SHIPPING COOP.
If .Inllt of Good, Sonnd and Light Ma
terlul It Will, I,at for a
Long; Time.
Here is a very nent and attractive
coop, and about the best coop for ship
ping to near-by customers and the show
room. When you ship your birds to
the poultry show, line the inside of the
coop with unbleached muslin, to pre
vent your birds from soiling theii
FOR SHIPPING POULTRY.
feathers. Whenever you use the coop
to ship birds to a customer, request
him to return the coop, and it will last
for several shipments. In building
the coop use good, sound and light ma
terial. For the ends and partition
use three-quarter-inch dressed pine,
and for the bottom, sides, slats and
top use half-inch pine. Put the slats
on with screws, and then it does not
make any difference which slat is taken
off to remove the birds. For single
birds build the coop 12 to 14 inches
wide and 20 inches long and 20 to 24
inches high; for a pair, 10 inches wide,
20 inches long; trios, 20 by 20. Double
coops with partitions should have two
separate slats to remove so that the
birds can be taken out of the coop with
out any trouble. The top of coops
should be from four to six inches nar
rower than the bottom, says the Amer
ican Poultry Journal.
In profitable farming the farm prod
ucts must be put in the form in which
they will command the most money
and yet leave the farm in the most
productive condition.
NEW STATE TAX LAW
Synopsis of Measure Prepared by
Committees from Both Bouses.
Comity AaneHors to Have Charge of
the Llntlnir of All Property Ex
cept IlallroadH for Pur
poses of Taxation.
Lincoln, Neb., Feb. 19. This sum
mary ot the revenue bill, which in Its
completed form is now in the hands
of the joint committee for final re
lcw, pending introduction hi the
house, was prepared by ltepresentu-'
live Thompson, of Merrick:
One of tlie most important changes
made in the existing law is the pro
vision for county assessors who are
to be elected at the general election
in 1903, and who Khali hold terms of
office for one year and shall not be
eligible to re-election, and shall with
the consent of the board of super
visors determine the number of depu
ty assessors to assess the property
in his county, and the same shall be.
subject to removal by the county as
sessor. The salaries for county assessors
in counties having u population of
$5,000 or less, $250; n population of
5,000 to 10,000, $350; from 10,000 to
0,000, $500; from 30,000 to 50,000, $G00r
from 50,000 to 100,000, $1,200. The
compensation for deputies shall be
at $3 per day for each day necessarily
employed. The deputy assessors are
required to assess property upon ac
tual view thereof. Stringent pro
visions are made for the assessment
of property belonging to parties re
moving from ono county to another
and to secure the listing for taxation
of property brought into the state of
Nebraska for grazing purposes.
The bill creates the state board of
equalization and assessment, consist
ing of the governor, auditor, treas
urer, secretary of state and commis
sioner of public lands and buildings.
The county board, county assessor,
and county clerk shall constitute the
county board of equalization, the
county clerk being the clerk thereof.
This board is provided with powers
of equalization to hear complaints of
those who feel themselves aggrieved
by reason of some other taxpayer
being assessed too low. They shall
at their meetings in 1904, and every
four years thereafter, revalue all the
real property, which is only to be
assessed once in every four years,
but betterments nre to he added
thereto nnd losses to be deducted
therefrom when tjiey exceed $100.
Insurance companies, express com
panies, telegraph and telephone com
panies are to be locally assessed, and
the basis of such assessments shall
be the gross receipts of such compa
nies in the localities in which they
transact business. The tangible prop
erty of these companies is to be lo
cally assessed us other personal prop
erty. Special provisions are incor
porated in the bill for reaching pawn
brokers, interest on government
bonds and also specific provisions for
the assessments of corporations, pipe
line companies, railroad and car com
panies, by which it is sought to ren
der ears not owned by companies in
this state, but transported through
the state liable to be listed. All prop
erty is to be assessed between the
first day of February and the first
daj' of April of each year.
On or before February 1, 1904", and
annually thereafter, the officials of
all railroad companies doing business
in this state shall make and file with
the state board of equalization and
assessment a statement of all the
property owned by such companies
on the 31st day of December preced
ing. The act provides a penally for
failure on the part of any corporation
to make the return as provided 'for,
the corporation to forfeit to the
state a sum not less than $1,000 or
more than $5,000 for each offense, n
recoerv thereof to be had by an ac
tion in the name of tho state, it is
also provided that this return shall
not be conclusive upon the board, but
that the board may from such infor
mation as it has or may procure
otherwise, assess the corporate
property on the same basis as all
other property. The valuation of
each road is to be obtained by divid
ing the total value by the number
of miles of the lino within the state.
The state board of equalization and
assessment .shall have power to re
quire the attendance of officers of
railroad companies, their agents, and
all other witnesses, nnd to require the
production of books and papers and
records which it may deem necessary.
Another important feature of the
hill is the liability of the county
treasurer, who is ex-offieio the col
lector of all taxes in his county. Up
on the receipt of the tax rolls by
him he is charged with all taxes as
sessed against tho personal property
of his county, nnd lie and his bonds
men are liable therefore, unless he
ehows collection of the same or a full
compliance with all of the require
ments of the net relative to his duties
in the premises.
On May 1 of the year in which taxes
Bhall have been usscsscd unpaid taxes
upon real property, except in cities
otherwise provided for, shall bocoine
delinquent and draw ten per cent.
Interest. September, distress wur
rnnst shall Issue. It Is provided that
the treasurer shall collect delinquent
taxes by distress warrants and the
sale of the property. Distress war
runts shall be issued against all per
sons who are delinquent for taxes of
11103, or any year thereafter, unless
such person shall file an affidavit of
poverty, In -which case distress war
ranty shall not issue. The county
trcusurer of one eouijty is given pow
er to Issue distress warrants to the
treasurer of another county. Drastic
penalties are provided for the tearing
down or removal of buildings located
upon real estate against which there
urq delinquent taxes; the lien of the
tux following such removed property
whercer it may be taken or in what
ever form it may be converted. When
the county treasurer becomes aware
of. such tearing down or removal it
becomes his duty forthwith to issue
a distress warrant and to follow the
property wherever he may find it.
Taxes upon real estate are made a
lien from and including April 1 until
paid, upon personal property from
and after October 1. , All general
taxes due the state or any of the sub
divisions thereof are made, a first lien
upon the real estate upon which
levied. Special assessments regularly
assessed and leied are made u lien on
real estate, but are junior to general
taxes.
All real estate on which taxes are
not paid by November 1 after they
become delinquent is by the act made
subject to sale. The act provides the
manner in which the, sale provided
for is acomplishcd; and the county
treasurer is to make out a list de
scribing the land and the unpaid
taxes agaist it, providing for the pub
lication thereof for three consecutive
weeks and providing the formalities
of the sale. Any person who offers
to pay the amount of the tux due,
or the smallest portion thereof, shall
be the purchaser of the same, and
when he designates the portion the
taxes against which he will pay, that
portion is to he considered an un
divided portion. Hut the treasurer
may sell the whole.
The net contains a provision for the
purchase of real estate , on which
tuxes nre delinquent by the county
board for the benefit of the county.
When such purchase is made it is
provided that the county treasurer
shall ifsue a certificate of purchase
lor the land which is to be held In
his hands until any person who will
pay the amount due thereon is found,
whereupon the county treasurer may
make an assignment thereof to be
attested bv the indorsement of the
county clerk.
Whenever it shall appear to the
county board that any tract of Jand is
of less value than the amount of
taxes upon it, It shall be the hoard's
duty to fix a minimum price for it,
this price to be certified to the county
treasurer, and such lnnd to be sold at
private sale for not less than such
price, irrespective of the amount of
taxes due against it, and the land
shall thereupon be divested of all tax.
No purchaser of a tax sale shall be
entitled to a deed until it is shown
that at least two months before the
time of redemption he caused n no
tice to be sairved upon the owner ol
record or his agent, stating therein
the amount due and the date when
redemption expires,. If the person
cannot be found notice by publication
may be had. When these conditions
are complied with and at any time
within three years after the expira
tion of two years the county treas
urer shall on request execute to the
purchaser a deed on the premises de
scribed in his certificate. The deed
shall have the official seal of the
treasurer and be acknowledged by
him and will then be entitled to rec
ord as other conveyances, resting in
fee in the grantee and his heirs the
title thereto. Such deeds are declared
to be presumptive evidence in all the
courts of this state and in all con
troversies relating to the rights of
the grantee, his heirs or assigns.
The act makes further provision with
reference to the manner In which
the owner may defeat the title of
the purchaser, by showing that the
property was not subject to taxation,
that the taxes had been paid before
the sale, that the property had been
redeemed or that here has been an
entire omission to list the property,
hut no person shall be permitted Io
question the title without first show
ing thnt he had title at the time of
the snle, or that the title had been
acquired" from the United States aft
er the sale, or that the taxes had
been paid by the claimant or his
grantees. It is also provided in such
eases that the claimant against the
tax deed may show that he paid his
taxes, but through a mistake the en
try thereof was made upon other
land. He may also show fraud on the
part of the purchaser, and if it Is es
tablished the deed is void. Provision
is also mnde for the foreclosure ol
tax deeds and tax sale, certificates In
the district courtH and permitting
f-evernl tax deeds or certificates to be
foreclosed in one action without con
stituting a misjoinder of causes of
action or defenses.
HOME-MADE HATCHER.
Device Here Demerlbed linn Ileen VntiA
hy It Inventor for Several Yearn .
with Succe. i
Tho accompanying illustration is n
diagram of n home-made hatcher,
which 1 have used with great success
for two years. Take three boards 12
feet long, 14 Inches wide, and construct
n peii 12 by 0 feet. From corner K
to point L, 14 inches, nail u three-Inch
board from end to end to point M. Then
divide that side of pen into nests, using
scrap boards, if necessary, for parti
tions, making each nest 14 inches
square, placing a narrow board dlrccL-
Af t f f y ' n
I Mil
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CHICKEN HATCHER. ,
f
ly below L M on edge to secure parti
tions. The top of hatcher on side of
nests may be covered with one wide
board running full length. Or if one
hns time, money and tact the cover
of eneh nest may be hung with hinges
at points 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. Leather "makes
a good hinge. At point C place ft
board upright wide euough to make
the pen dark and secure the hen In tho
inclosurc. Now construct runways
for the hen where she may eat and
drink at will. These runs are 'best
made of lath, and should extend from
L to N, and 14 inches wide, giving each
hen a separate inclosurc, excluding alt ,
Intruders. These slat covers slip un
der board L and board N. As soon n
a hen wishes to sit, place her at night
on eggs in one of these nests, fastening;
her in securely with board at C C, mak
ing the pen quite dark, and let her
remain until feeding till townrd night
the next day. Then let her out Into
the runway to eat and drink. She will
return to nest and require no more
care. The earth In the runways should
be loose and a few ashes thrown In,
thnt the hen may have her required
dust-bath. It is best to fill the entire
12, nests at one time, or half of them
nt least. When my flock is small, and
I with to rush the chickens, I give tho
12 broods to three or four hens, and
reset the hens, if they seem healthy
nnd not needing rest. I use tomato
cans fastened securely in corner of
runway for water. This hatcher may
be made larger or smaller, as one's
needs demand. Last year I hatched
129 chicks from 150 eggs set in this
hatcher. .1. K. Scxson, in Agricultural
Epltomlst.
CATTLE VACCINATION.
Philadelphia ProfcuHor Annonnn-n n
Sure Way of Defeating; Tubercu-
IonIm In Ilovliic.
Dr. Leonard Pearson, dean of tho
veterinary department of the Uni
versity of Pennsylvania, onnouncen
that he has discovered a method of
vaceination whereby cattle may be
made immune to tuberculosis, lie has
been assisted in his experiments by
Dr. S. H. (lillilund, demonstrator in
bacteriology in the veterinary school.
In a recent experiment Dr. Pearson
u,i'd four j'oung cows which were as
free from sj-mptoms of disease as any ,
that could he procured. Two of (heso
were vaccinated in March. In July all
four were inoculated with tubercle
bacilli. All were killed in the fol-.
lowing October. The two which had
been vaccinated showed no signs of
tubercular infection, hut the others
had marked traces of thediscase.
In the proceps of vaccination a sus
pension of tubercle bacilli which Is
nonvirulent for cattle was injected.
The operation was repeated at inter
vals and the quantity of matter in
for n few times failed to appear.
"I consider that the principle of im
munization," Dr. Pearson said, "as
shown by our experiments, is proved
md it is now only remains to work
out the details of the method. This
work is to be continued on a larger
jeale for the purpose of ascertaining
Ihe simplest, and shortest practicable
method of vaccination."
IrvlKatlon la New England.
The idea that irrigation is profitable
only in the arid regions'is rapidly be
coming obsolete, especially where the
production of vegetables and small
fruits is made a spechilty. Forty acres
3evoted to the raising of garden crops,
in lUiode Island in 1899, where irriga
tion was practiced, amounted in value,
according to the late United Stntes
census, to $32,515, or an average ot
over $800 an acre, whereas the average,
garden crop of the state grown in the
usual way was only about $ipo an
lore. Farm and Fireside.
