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V HAVE QUEER FAITH.
Mohave Indians Believe That Spir
its Die Four Times.
ThenThrr'Uctarn. to. girth, nnd Ilc-
ooiuc I'nrt of the Soil .Vo Ucward
or l'liulNliincut In the
Spirit World.
Special Arizona Letter.
WH12N onu crosses the Colorado
river at the Needles, on the
Santn Fe line to California, he
generally sees it large number of In
dians at the depot, some with pot
tery, others with bendwork, and still
others with bows nnd arrows, which
they seek to sell to the tenderfoot
tourist. The pottery is sunbaked clay
and will fall to pieces almost at a look,
and the bows and arrows were never
intended to be shot with. They are
made and painted in iine Mohave style
to catch the white man's eye and sell.
Nol it is a mlstnke to say they are
painted in Mohave stj'le, for I have
several of their own old bows andi
arrows, actually used in the chase nnd
in war, and they are unpnintcd and
exceedingly plain. Hut they are dan
gerous weapons, for all that, and I
have fcecn a deer brought down with
them at a distance of between 200 and
1100 yards.
In the early days of the white man's
travel in their territory the Mohaves
were far from reliable. Perhaps one
ought to say they could always be re
lied upon to kill any party of white
men that they thought they were
capable of handling. Many a spot,
both on the Arizona and Colorado
sides of the river, could tell a talc of
sanguinary and determined battle
fought to a finish between a horde of
naked Mohaves and a small band of
adventurous travelers or prospectors.
Many a scalp was lifted, and many a
dance of victory held in those days
before the white men had fully and
completely demonstrated their power.
Tn 18.r)S Ives nnd his band of ex
plorers and soldiers went tip the
Colorado, through the territory of
the Mohaves, into the Black canyon,
the Painted canyon, and as far as the
THE COLORADO RIVER
mouth of the Uio Virgen. Sometimes
the Indians treated him well, somtv
times ill.
Then in 1S01 Lieut. Wheeler, with
his band of scientific explorers, ac
tually pushed up the canyons, and
with incredible hardships and suffer
ings reached the mouth of Diamond
creek. The Mohaves gave some help
to this party.
So that when the Indian department
established a school at Fort Mohave,
soma 12 or 15 years ago, the Mohaves
were ready for it, and knew some
thing of the white people who had so
wonderfully taken possession of their
ancestral lands.
The school has been doing good
work, and it is still at it. In proof of
this statement, let the Mohave In
dian speak for himself, in response
to a question requesting him to tell
about the habits and customs of his
' own people.
Without help or assistance he wrote
the following paper, which I quote
verbally as a most interesting account,
from a trained Indian boy's stand
point, of the inner life and thought of
his people:
"i'here are many practices among
our people which I do not fully un
derstand, therefore I will not, at
tempt to give reasons for all our be
liefs or why we follow .certain cus
loms. "I will confine myself to our medi
cine men, their treatment of the sick,
how we dispose of our dead and what
we believe in regard to the future
state.
"The power of healing comes to the
Mohave doctors as a special gift from
the Great Spirit; no training or In
struction are necessary. They are
born to do that work nnd are peculiar
ly fitted for it. It is a culling from
which there is no escape. The cer
tainty of it is established beyond a
doubt even in childhood. In addition
to the power of healing, the medicine
men command the wind and the rain
with the assurance that their com
mands will be obeyed. They handle
rattlesnakes In safety and make money
out of leaves;
"The Molinvc doctor "never visits the
sick. The patients arc always brought
to him.
"He questions the patient in regard
to his dreams and locates the disease
from that. A dream of being in the
water shows that the legs are af
fected. A dream of wishing to drink
blood or commit murder indicates a
diseased itomach.
"He effects a cure by singing songs
nnd blowing upon the linked body.
Each disease requires a different song.
Hut little attention is pnid to diet.
No medicine or herbs are used.
"We nsk him to tell in the beginning
whether he will lose or save his pa
tient. As long as he- tells the truth
we honor nnd trust him. If he fails
mz.
'$?,:'
e , .-- -
MOHAVE INDIAN WOMEN.
in this seven times we believe he
should be punished by death, though
this practice lias been discontinued
out of respect to the opinion of the
superintendent of schools.
"He is paid from live to ten dollars
for his services.
"The Mohaves burn their dead. A
hole about four by two by two feet is
dug, over which the lire is made in
which the ashes are buried after the
burning. As the body burns the dead
man's garments nre thrown into the
fire nnd his friends take off their own
clothes and burn them, as an expres
sion of sorrow and for the .spirit to
AND THE NEEDLES.
wear in the next world. Horses are
slain for his use in the spirit world.
The flesh of the horses is roasted and
eaten by the tribe.
"Hurning the body liberates the
spirit, and it rises in the smoke. It
does not go at once to the spirit land,
but hovers near its old home and
friends for about four days. It sees
all without being seen; it cries with
the friends without being heard. The
sadness and grief of the friends finally
drive or start it away on its' journey to
the next world, which is towards the
south.
"At the pass between this and the
other world it is met by the Great
Spirit, who prepares it for the spirit
land and conducts it to its new home.
There it wears the clothes given by
its friends, uses the horses killed on
earth for its use, toils and struggles
for a living the saue as here. The
crops, however, are never planted but
once, the roots of which never die.
"After a certain time the spirit
again dies and is burned and passes
into another land. From this place it
passes to another and another, until
it has died four limes, then It returns
to this earth again and becomes a part
of the soil on which it first lived.
"There is neither rewnrd nor punish
ment for a good or bad life here. All
go to the same place, live together, and
are' subject to the Mimo trials."
G. WHARTON JAMES.
KniiNfiH l'MIoNojiIiy.
There- is usually something the mat
ter with u man who carries a woman's
watch.
Some women would rather listen to
a story nbout a spell of sickness than
read a novel.
It is always easier for a busy man
to find extra time for work than it is
for a loafer.
Be bold enough to say: "J don't
know." And if you can screw your
courage up to it, add: "And J don't
care."
It is an indication that a woman re
gards you as a very denr friend when
shequits gettingout-her cut glass Xof
you. Atchison Globe. '
AJML.1IU
- ,.. MWmT .ITI.'i
.rw.x -r- rv t r.v.XAMirww
EDUCATION mil ALL.
National Capital a City of Colleges
and Universities.
Titans of ISvcry Age Wore Men of
Humble 1'arentnirc Who Secured
Their Ktlucntlon liy Appll-
cutloa and Sclf-Ucninl.
Special Washington Letter.
THE close of the college year Is
called "commencement," be
cause the young people who
are given degrees nrc supposed to
have completed educations, and be
ready in every sense for tho "com
mencement" of their careers in con
tact with the world.
The national capital is becoming
moro nnil more on educational cen
ter. Colleges have been hero from
the early days of the past century,
and now we have prosperous univer
sities. There arc many busy people
who do not understand thu differ
ence between u college nnd n univer
sity, but well-informed people, know
that each university is composed of n
number of colleges. The college
bears the same relation to n univer
sity thnt. a king bears to an emperor.
An empire comprises kingdoms, and
a university comprises colleges.
It is well known that George Wash
ington advocated tho establishment
of a national university in tho na
tional capital; and his desire is grad
ually being developed. But the na
tional university is yet only in em
bryo. It will not be perfected until
the congress definitely acts upon tho
proposition which a number of good
men have been projecting for more
than n quarter of u century, out of
their own individual means.
The secretary of agriculture says
that the ideal national university
would be a term of service in tho
executive departments for young
men who hnvo been graduated from
secular or religious colleges and uni
versities; n term of service in which
they would learn all about tho fed
eral government, as government
clerks, with opportunities for attend
ing the congressional debates, the
use of the congressional library and
contact with the statesmen from all
of the states.
The idea of the secretary, as
gleaned from many conversations, is
that poor young men may thus have
opportunity to earn their bread and
butter by worlcing in the government
departments, while they also earn
their educations by devoting their
extra time in taking advantage of
their environments. To the writer
this seems impracticable, because a
national university of that character
could furnish no diploma, no insignia
to demonstrate the course of study.
It would be a good thing for tho
poor young men who constitute the
majority of students, nnd would
greatly enhauce their worth to them
selves, to Ihe republic and to the
world; but it would be diflleult to
systematize such a comprehensive
course of studies.
In this city, as in all educational
centers, it is safe to say that the
number of students who support
themselves in part, or in fact wholly,
is constantly increasing. Although
not possessed of exact statistics as
to tho number of men who support
themselves wholly or in part when
going through college, it is known to
be much larger than the outsider
who gets only n. superficial view of
matters would believe.
Not only this, but the percentage
of poor young men increases as well
as does the number. Perhnps our
colleges have a certain extent more
of the poor young men than other
rtt "?'. ri
TEACHING TO PAY FOR HIS OWN
EDUCATION.
colleges. Of course, there is a large
number of very wealthy ones, morn
of them in every entering class, but
that is accounted foi merely by the
greatly increasing wealth of thu
country.
"Tutoring," that is, private teach
ing of high school students by col
lege or university students, furnishes
at least partial support of a college
young man. It is far more exten
sively carried on than ever before,
and on the account of the employ
ment it provides, if for no other rca
6on, doea considerable good.' Then
rSTT"57r7rTTrsr:rT
there are all sorts of things many
young men can do which will bring
them in money. Some hnvo worked
regularly u few hours every day.
Possibly thlB Is a satisfactory way.
A number turn to writing as nn nid,
and contribute to magnzlncs nnd pa
pers'. There is no doubt of success.
Year after year classes aro turned
out in which, ever-prcsont, wo find
tho poor yollng man who has hnd a
struggle through college, and tho
struggle is not always an unpleas
ant one, nor unprofitable.
There is no doubt in the minds of
experienced educators of the effect
of this double struggle for cxistenco
and education upon tho character of
n poor young man. It can bo but
for the best, in every instance. This
is ono rule to which there seems to
be no exception. For, no matter how
hard the struggle, he Is independent.
THE LIGHT OP OTHER DAYS.
Ho feels his independenco and soon
becomes self-reliant. Sometimes ho
is offensively self-conceited, but
Hint's all right. His self-reliance and
his self-conceit arc parts of thu de
velopment of ambition, nnd at tho
end of four years ho is better able
to face the world than some of thoso
who have not been through u poor
young man's experiences. Moreover,
the poor young mnn hns n higher and
better appreciation of the education
which ho has earned by hard knocks.
The men of renown who
"Pluck bright glory from tho nulc-faccd
moon,
Or illvo Into tho bottom ot tho deep
Where fathom-lliiu could never fouch tho
ground
And drag up drowned honor by tho
locks."
nrc not the scions of noble blood;
not the sons of tho rich who were
dandled in the. lap of luxury. No, nil
experience, all history shows that
thu Titans of every age and of nil
conditions were progeny of tho yeo
manry whoso fathers and mothers
held in their loins the bono und tis
sue of contention for existence;
physical strength which they trans
mitted to the poor boys who were to
become Napoleon, Grant, Disraeli,
Lincoln.
Archbishop Kcnnc, of Dubuque,
when ho was rector of thu Catholic
university here, in the founding of
which ho wns a potential factor, de
livered a lecture on "Tho Light of
the Dark Ages," in which he gave
noble tribute to education by saying:
"Throughout the darkness and hope
lessness of those dreadful years
there comes down to us a shimmer
of light which shines through all of
the awful gloom. It is the light of
the tallow dip in the cell of tho
cloistered monk. Whatever else ho
did of good or bad, by keeping alight
the student's lamp, the monk gave a
light to shine through the dark ages,
so that we to-day liave transmitted
to us the learning of the ancients,
all of it of inestimable value to stu
dents." When he was a professor of exegcti
cal theology, President Dwight, of
Yale, said to the writer: "The college
is truly democratic, no matter wheth
er it be located in a roupblie in a
kingdom or an empire. Tho sons of
rich men and of noblemen stand on a
level with the sons of poor men. In
college a young man is esteemed for
what he is and for what he does; and
the worthy poor man may stand far in
advance of the unworthy rich."
Every man who has had experience
in educational matters realizes the
forcefulness of that statement. In
seeking the Utopia of true democracy
one must look to the college or uni
versity. This fact is particularly not
able in the national capital, where
hundreds of young men of all condi
tions in life are struggling together
for that educational development
which will fit them for all of the vicis
situdes of the battle of life; the bat
tle of which It has been said: "No
time for loitering here. Jn this bat
tle it is only for God and the angels
to be lookers-on." Our national uni
versity is blowly developing. Tho
religious denominations are building
universities nil around the city upon
healthful eminences. Men of wealth
of the various denominations are en
dowing professorships, and others are
endowing scholarships for the success
ful poor young men who need aid and
encouragement. Thus the national
capital is becoming permanently our
national center, ofedueatjon.
SMITH V. FRY.
HUMOROUS.
. i
"Gruggs walks as if he owned the
whole blamed town." "Yes; an' he
ain't even n police commissioner." ln
dlnnnpolis News.
"The Briggs family think everything
of their hired girl." "Is she neat and
clennV" "No. But she likes to run tho
Jaw.iimojvrr." Cleveland Plain Dealer.
"Whnta debt we owe 'to medical sci
ence," he said as he put down the pa
per. "Good heavens!" nhc exclaimed,
"haven't you paid that doctor's bill
yet?" Chicago Post.
Artificial. First Menagerie Keeper
"What's wrong?" Second Mcnagerlo
Keeper "Keep that curtain down un
til I get the sacred cow's hump on
stalght." Ohio State Journal.
Hobby (aged. six) "Harry, don't you
hear your mother hollerlngnf ter you?"
Hurry (aged ilc) "That's nothing. A
woman's bound to have tho last word,
you know." Boston Transcript.
"He's too miserable to live." "I ad
mit, he's sparing enough generally, but
he gives himself a treat on holidays
and Sundays." He docs?" "Yes. On
these occasions he always reads some
of the most tasty recipes he can find
in tho cook book." Philadelphia
Times.
Tess "I never saw any girl so ambi
tious as thnt Chlcogo heiress. She had
her choice of a German baron, a French
count und an English duke." Jess "So
she took the duke, eh?" Tess "No;
she took the baron, but she has ar
ranged to marry the count next ami
then the duke." Philadelphia Press.
TOO, MANY COOKS.
An KiikIInIi -Woiuiiit'H ttxiicrlcnrc In
Hunt Inn: Dp n Dlndiiutlvcly
Auici-lcAn Dlnh,
A bright Englishwoman traveling
recently in America showed herself
so appreciative of all good things
i American that she was met every
where with the utmost eagerness, to
n ITord such information and cxplnn'n-'
I tloh as she desired. At homo sho was
I tho ownur of n- beautiful estate wncro
sho entertained largely, ami it oc
currd to her that sho might offer an
agreeable variety to her English,
guests and a welcome reminiscence
of home to American friends if sho
could carry back to her cook somo
recipes for dishes distinctively Amer
ican. Sim broached tho idea whilo
lunching with three of her new Yan
kee acquaintances. They, were- most
responsive, says Youth's Companion.
"Beans!" cried tho lady from Bo$
ton, Instantly. "My dear, beans!"
, "But we hnvo beans in England," re
marked tho Englishwoman. "And T
really shouldn't imnglno they afford-'
cd much opportunity for " ,
"Finn cookery? But they do, T as
sure you. Boston baked beans aro
quite different from any other beans
Our beans "
"Chowder!" interrupted explosive
ly the lady from Bhodo Island, smit
ten with a sudden happy thought,
"ih'itns are nothing to it. Clam
chowder! There's no dish so purely
and dcliciously American as a good'
lam chowder none. It originated''
"Maybe, it did nnd maybe it didn't,'
broke in the Maine lady, unexpected
ly "It's a disputed question; hufc
sinvotasli is sure. Succotash is In
dian beyond a doubt real, native,
aboriginal Indinn. It's tho onu In-, ,
diun dish. The Indians "
"No moro than hominy nnd chow-'
der. Chowder is Indinn, too. First
you wnn t your clams good, fresh
ones '
4,L' don't admit that. Indian disho"
arc as typically American n.s somo
others. We're not Indlnns, nnd our
ancestors weren't. Now with baked
beans it's different. The distinction
is"
And just thorn the cooks began to
stir the broth and mix it: "Perfectly
fresh ones, you know, and milk anil
corn und onions and potatoes and
pilot-crackers. Somo people don't
put in corn, hut I think" "taught
the settlers. It's corn and benns to
gether, and really most appetizing
when" "baked for hours and liourw
as slowly ns possible; and they como
out the loveliest brown, and so ton?
dcr and rich" "fire of driftwood and
smother it under with seaweed and
roast thu cars in the ashes to eat
with it" "every Sunday morning all'
over New lCnglnnd since nobody
knows when''' "the most characteris
tic kind of a Yankee goqd time. Till
you'o bi-'cn to a Bhoje Island dam-'
bake you actually can't imagine"
"why, when it's so simple, most peo
ple don't mix their beans and corn
in tho right proportion, I don't know;
but they don't, although everything
depends" "sure you'd bo delighted"
"say it was simply delicious"
"never tasted such a tempting mouth
ful in your life" "just a sniff is
enough to mako you hungry as a
hunter" "there's nothing else in tho
world one. wants to cut so much of
It's almost shocking!" i
The English Indy recorded In hen
note-book:
"Succotash. A popular American
dish invented by tho Indians; n kind
of fidi-stew, prepared with inai.c, '
beans, seaweed and the variety of
mussel called clam. It is simmered
overnight Jn the oven in u deep earth
en pot, and is customarily served on.
Sundays throughout the states,"
if
