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xtlVt&'jL?
HANDY CHICKEN ROOST.
ArrnnKCil So, Tlint Tliey Cnn lie "Let
l)uw(i When Jlic IIoiihc In
Ilclnie Clcnnetl. .
In ninny poultry houses the intiRucr
In whlqji tlic roosts nre plnccd in -position
is u source o0 annoyance when
time comes to clean out the house. In
order to avoid this dlfllculty of getting
around under the roosts, h, thcyahould
be placed crosswise on a frame made of
about two by four-inch material, six
swinging noosT.
-feet wide, mnd nearly .as long us tbcj
building in which they uire to be placed.
Hang the frame, a, utnine side to tbel
wall by beavy strap or T-hinges and
support the other side by props, 3,
placed under it or a icouplu of plcees
of stout 'wire rope, c, hung from the
roof. The roosts cun3ien be letdowni
out of the way whcnithe house is Imj
ing cleaned and they also can be scrapnd
oft nnd washed with lime, oither with a
brush or spray iump. Jf both houiee
and roosts are whitewashed frequent
ly the iilth will be lepsened. A spray
pump is excellent to ur.e for this white
washing process. American Agricul
turist. GAPES IN CHICKENS.
To Effect nl'criiiniiCTU.Ciire the I'rcm-
Ihcm SIiiMt lie Cliuircil of AH
Anprli'-W'uriii.
As a .preventive of gapes it is neces
sary to rid the preinihea of the common
red or angle-worm, an .their bodies are
usually infected with the gape germ,
tsays-a correspondent an Fancy Fowls.
Soon ui'.tor the infected worm is swal
lowed by.ii chick the,gape worm devcl
opes into a small raid colored worm
which crawls up in tho throat and de
scends into the lower bronchial tubes,
thereby closing the air passage so as to
cause the patient to gape for lack of a
sullieiency of air, aiud causing death
within a short time if .the chick is not
relieved.
The best way to get rid of the angle
worm is to scatter a quantity of strong
lime sill over the poultry runs or yards
early every spring, and you will never
have any more gapes in your flock.
I have done this for the past five years
and have never had any ducks infected
with this malady since I began the
use of lime.
Lime is alio ii good disinfectant and
destroys other disease germs and ver
min. The lime is also beneficial to lay
ing hens, as tltey get a portion of it in
picking up their foods as it aids in shell
formation.
When yon notice one of your chicks
infected witli gapes, if yon will make
a pill of gum camphor about the size of
a small pea and force the patient to
swallow it, immediate relief will re
sult, ns the gape worm cannot stand the
fumes of camphor.
Simple Treatment for Iloup.
IT your fowls are affected with roup
T can recommend the following treat
ment as an infallible remedy: fJo to
your druggist and purchase five or ten
cents worth pf peioxide of hydrogen.
if the directed bird's nostrils are
stopped up, clean them out, nnd with
a small syringe inject some of t?.e
hydrogen into them; also swab the
throat, with a feather saturated with
the hydrogen. Then take a small cloth
wet in the hydrogen and hnthe the
liead. Kepeat this treatment two or
three times daily until the fowl is cured,
which it will bo in two or three days,
except in eases of long standing. 1 have
cured chickens that had the roup so
badly that their tongues were swollen
so that they were forced to hold their
beaks open. Agricultural tipitomist.
The Kluvor of Kkkh.
A vust difference exists in the flavor
of eggb. liens fed on clear, sound grain
nnd kept on a clean grass run, give
much liner product thun fowls that
have access to stable and manure heaps
' and all kinds of filthy food. Hens feed
ing on fish and onions flavor their eggs
'accordingly, just ns cows eating onioni
or cabbage and drinking offensive wa
ter impart a bad taste to the milk and
butter. The richer the food, the higher
. ' the color of the eggs. Wheat and, corn
. give eggs the bBt color. Hural World.
' I " fT-, ...
W y II
EARLY AND LATE CORN.
Knrmcm Should Plant Iluth Kinds
mid Turn tin? Mvc Stock
Into tlir IMelilN.
Farmers should plant corn both enrlyo
and late, sonic kind of tlint orn that
will ripen early, pointing from one to
I ten acres according to Jhc amount (ft
stock kept, in ji place convenient to the
yard so tbe -cattle and- bogB can be
turned, in o 1t. Thru there should bo
another piece to turn into when this is
eaten dowa." This nuiy seem like, a
slovenly way of doing, but it should be
remembered the husking of the corn is
the inosU-xpcnslno part of growing tlic
crop. 1C -costs from three to live cents
per bus'bel to husk and put it in the
crib .and then it husto be shoveled out
aguin. Of course a part of the corn will
lurvcito'be hushed to be fed Inter on in a
good.yt.rd, for'lterc is where a great part
of therproflt.coines in. Soinernny think
it costs to6 ninoh to build fences to keep
todkihl thueornllclds, but n good fence
will lnrtt at least 15 years. The stock cnn
beiturned in.the field just assnonus the
corn 'begins to glaze. Stock fed In this
wiry-will gain faster than when fed dry
a conn, .but aire should be taken not to
leave 'them in the Held too long at ilrst.
They shoilkl not be turned Into n field
rif, green corn in a poor condition or the
ircsult might be damaging and the prof
its from fevding in this way lost. When
the corn in in proper condition lo cut a
part'of illie crop should be cut, cither
with n machine or by hand, and shocked
rriiuoly in the field to be fed lirtcr with
out husking; thits snves labor also, and
'indices a nice lot of feed to be fed out in
tlic winter. There is also n -good profit
in fending sheep in the same way, that
is turn'thein in the corn Held 'in the fall
iindcut'up corn and feed therm .through
'the winter. I wintered lOO-sheep in that
way 'hint winter and I never 'had sheep
do sovwell before. In order to get the
most'proflt out of corn it is necessary to
save us much labor ns possible. There
are ninny ways of feeding corn at a
profit "this time of year. Pastures arc
gellingshort for the dm jrwpw nnd if a
little corn tlint was planted for that
purpose is cut and fed to tbecows every
night rit will help out the pasture and
also 'flic milk pail. There !is no doubt
but what there is more profit in feeding
the.onrn on the farm if the farmer owns
his ftrrm and manages in Hie right, way,
but u Tenter on a -farm for one year had
better sell hit grain and oilier products.
Guorgc Tyler, in Prairie Fanner.
FARM FIRE LADDER.
Otre'Tltnt Cnn UuleUly HelTtit In Pine a
Wliuiicvcr XeeenHity May l)o-
lii it ml It Use
The-constant danger that farm build
ings may take lire and hare no ade
quate attention, owing to' the lack of
fire .apparatus and of men, makes' it Im
portant that all possible precautions be
taken that incipient fires mny promptly
be put out. A ladder for the roof is of
the greatest importance. The cut
'JzS'SS'S 77
' ' ' -' ' ' ' '.'' s '
RM(M FIItB LADDEIt.
shows one that can quickly be put in
place. It ih 'in the form of a fruit lad
der at the top, nnd has a small wheel at
the end, as fdiown. It cnn thus lie
shoved up over the roof without catch
ing on the f-hingles. A hook is placed in
the position f-hnwu, s-o that the ladder,
when shoved up to the ridge, cnn he
turned over, -when the hook will hold it
firmly in plane. Make the ladder long
enough for any roof you have, and have
another that will reach any roof edge.
N. Y. Tribune.
POULTRY YARD HINTS.
Do not thresh all the oats nnd wlient,
r.csive enough in the sheaf to keep the
poultry in exercise next winter. Noth
ing like it.
Very likely the old, house would be
the better of it new earth floor. Re
move an inch or two (or more if needed)
of the old soil and replace with new.
Do this now.
Quarters should before this have been
arranged for laying pullets, so that dis
turbing them will not be necessary.
Once they begin to lay they should
never be moved, else the laying will be
checked at once.
It is bad practice to feed fowls about
the stable door or to do anything to get
them into the habit of frequenting the
barn and stables. Horses and hens
should be kept apart. Kann.Iournul.
Wintering llei-M in OMurx. ,
An experiment is reported from Can
ada in wintering bees in which the
hives were placed six inches from the
floor and protected with a piece of old
woolen enrpet placed under the wooden
cover. When placed in the cellar each
colony had .'!() pounds of honey, which
proved more than sullicient for the win
ter, and all the hives wintered success
fully. The temperature of the cellar,
shown by a self-registering thermom
eter, remained stendlly between 40 und
50 degrees Fahrenheit.
, ; T7y ' lJjZ'aYv J-?
WISDOM OF MOMiOE.
How He Added Louisiana to Our
o Domains.
Ill Itni-Kniti vrlth Nnpolron Itnaa
pifrte 'VVnn n dWiU Victory for tlie
KxiuuiHlotilBta ot Kiirly
o Amcrlcnn l)n).
n Special Washington Letter.!
They who have never "used the scnpel
should not undertake to practice ineul-
cine. They who hnvc never studied law
should not net ns law-givers nnd oracles
on jurisprudence. They who have never
studied international law should not
attempt to net as oracles for the direc
tion of the foreign affairs of this re
public. TImjso nxioms arc called forth by rea
son of the multifarious cxprcsslutia of
editorial and oratorical opinion con
cerning the policies which our federal
government should pursue in our for
eign relations, our diplomatic affairs
and our increased responsibilities grow
ing out of the war with Spain.
When we have studied the history of
the flnanc.es and wnrs of a country wo
have studied its diplomacy. Money is
necessary to back diplomacy; and
diplomacy always falls back upon the
arbitrament of. war for tho enforcement
of its conclusions. Hut diplomacy docs
not cease when war begins. It goes on
just the same. Neutral nations ut once
begin with uuoflicial mediation, follow
ing it with, oftlcinl mcdiutlon, for the
welfare of all nations.
The history of the finances and wars
of this republic gives us the history of
the diplomacy of our country. The
precedents established will usually gov
ern primary conclusions in future di
plomacy, but precedents can always
be broken, by the will of the majority
of our people.
Upon the public platform and in the
editorial and news columns of our news
papers we hear and read all shades of
CS-&.-
j i i l- - 1 1' vi f w I ' in i -.1 rmz. r v .si irtkijj i " --- -r- -m
THE TH11I5E LEADING CUAttACa'JJiRa IN TOE LOUIKIANA I-UKCriABE.
expression of opinion concerning ex
pansion and anti-expansion. People
talk of it and write of it as though the
subject had all tlic newness and fresh
ness of novelty, but it is old as the hills.
Expansion began on April ao, lStKLwhen
France, in three separate treaties, ceded
to this republic the territory of luuis
iana, and that event has became kuowu
in history as "The Louisiana Purchase.""
The story of this historic occurrence
forms one of the most important and
interesting chapters in our national his
tory. It is very exhaustively treated of in,
that remarkable book, "The Public Do
main," published under the authority
of the United States, and cumxiled by
Thomas Donaldson, a mau of marvelous
research. lie devotes many pages to
an exhaustive history of the buying
from France of the vast province of
Louisiana, lie epitomizes the event
progressively leading to the coloniza
tion of that part of the province which
is now the city of New Orleans as fol
lows: In 1511 De Soto reached the Mi'sidabip
pi river.
In 107.1 Father Marquette descended
the MifesiFsippi to its month.
In 10S0 La Salle descended the Missis
sippi river and took possession of the
country adjacent to it in the name of
Louis XIV. of France, nnd called It
"Louisiana."
In ICO!) Leinoinc d'fberville founded
the first colony ut Miloxi, but dying soon
after, Ilenllle took command.
Jn 1700 thes colonists made n new lo
cation on the site of what is now the
city of New Orleans. ,
In 1712, September It, Louis IV. made
a grant to Antoine dc Crozat, a mer
chant of Paris, who had a massed a for
tune of 40,000,000 livres in the Indian
trade, the grant being for trading priv
ileges. President Jeflcrson, December 15,
1S02, notified the congress of the ces
sion of Louisiana to France, and of the
action of the Spanish authorities at
New Orleans. Kxciteiuent ensued in
the congress, but finally President Jef
ferson obtained the consent of the sen
ate to the confirmation of 'Mr. Monroe
(armed with an appropriation of $2,000,
000) to proceed to France and, in con
nection with .Mr. Livingston, minister
of the United Staffs at 1'aris, t() treat
with France for the cession of New Or
leans and the island of New Orleans anil
Florida.
Mr. Livingston held to the opinion nt
tlint time tlint the United Stntes would
never be able to acquire New Orleans
b.v treaty or. purchaseaud that it oughft
to be taken, at once, by force. Mr. Mon
roe, upon arrival in France, found
ltonapartc meditating on and in danger
of a rupture with (Ireat ltritaln. Juni
before his arrival M. Talleyrand had
requested Mr. Livingston to make an of
fer on behalf of the United States for
the province ot Louisiana entire. This
wns nit authority he did not possess.
The intention of tbc United States, ns
he1 understood, was to purclufse only
JN'ew Orleans island, und the Floridns,
or the western part of them. These
negotiations were conducted under the
personal supervision ot the first consul.
lie suid he wanted money for wnr, that
he would cede the whole province of
Louisiana, and that he wanted 50,000,000
of francs for it. Secrecy was to be ob
served. Mr. Livingston refused to offer
more' than "10,000,000 francs, and assert
ed that he had no power to treat for the
cession of the entire province.
It wns supposed at that time that in
structions were Issued to our ministers
that the trcnty of cession by Spain to
France included the entire province of
(.outsinnn and the Floridns, but it was
found shortly afterward that it ceded
Louisiana only, if France declined to
sell, our tuinis.ters were to open nego
tiations with (ireat ltrltnin, so as to
prevent France from taking possession
of the province. M, llnrbc Morbois
(marquis of llnrbc Morbois), who was
then ut the head of the treasury of
France, hnd conducted the negotiations
with Mr. Livingston. lie hnd formerly
been secretary of the French legation to
the United Stntes, and was personally
known to Mr. Monroe.
Mr. Monroe arrived April 12, 1801. M.
Morbois, the next day, asked imme
diate action. After consultation, the
two ministers, on behalf of the United
States, offered France 50,000,000 francs,
witli nu offset in the shnpc of such
claims in favor of citizens of the United
Stntes against France as should lie es
tablished, estimated at from 20,000,000
to 25,000,000 francs. This was declined.
The ministers of the United States were
embarrassed by the fact that the ten
der of territory was beyond their in-
structious to buy or receive. Rumors
of a large lCnglish fleet sailing for
Louisiana for the purpose of capturing
it were rife, and the l'higlish press was
urgent la demanding such action.
ltonapartc had, no doubt, intended
just before this period to send tho
French fleet, then at San Domingo, to
Louisiana, to receive and hold it. Iter
imdotte, afterward king of Sweden,
wiis to be the governor. The negotia
tions were entirely secret. Spain had
Mot yet transferred the province to the
possession of France. In the treaty oi
San Ildefonse there wasa provision for
reference to .Spain in future disposi
tion. M. Murhois insisted upon 80,000,
00fJ francs, which was agreed to on con
ditran that 20,000,000 francs of the sum
should be assigned to the payment ol
claims due by France to citizens of tho
Uuitctl States, if they should amount
to so much.
It is rnid that when liouapartc gave
instructions to M. Mnrbois in regard
to the cession, he stated that, from the
nature or the new combination forming
against him in Kurnpc, he was forced
to ncll the entire prnince, or hold it
at a great sacrifice of men and money,
and, probably, be compelled to ( it
captured. He preferred to transfer it
to the United States, adding that what
eer nation held the alley of the Mis
sissippi would eventually be the most
rw erf id on earth, nnd that consequent
ly he preferred a friendly nation should
possess it rather than an enemy of
F ranee.
The cession was iiiiulc in three sep
arate treaties, on April .10, 180.1. First,
a treaty of cession; next, a convention
stipulating method, manner jukJ time
of payment of the purchase money;
and, bust, a convention providing that
claims of citizens of tlic United States
against France were to be paid nt the
United States treasury to the amount
of ',750,000, ;n orders from the minis
ter of tiie United States to France,
which were to be iriven on the ioint
jiidgiuent or conclusion of the French
bureau to which these claims were re-
........... ., i.u.uci m Hirec conimis-
sinners on behalf of the United States
--final decision, or certificates of dif-
lereiice of opinion, to lie in the minis-
ters of finance of Fr,mce. I
J3MITU U. FUV.
An '.3.plnantlaa ot IIU touracc.
Muiuina Vcui must be a little man,
Johnny. Don't )ou remember how
brave Tommy was when i took him to
the dentist's?
Johnny (scnnifiiUviUn n."unu
there before. Urodklyu Life. "
rBjj.
WOMEN SEE PRIZE FIGHT.
Tliry Tnlk About It In Their Own Pe
culiar Way mill Wonder Why
the Men Don't Kick.
They were two nice women front
Kenwood. They had spent the morning1
shopping mid had lunched at one of tho
big State street stores.
They discussed tho various shows a
they sat at luncheon, and a - happy
thought struck them. They would drop
into a ecrtaln theater and see the. Jc'f-fries-Flt.slninions
fight as reproduced
by tho cinematograph. Then sdmo
time In tho future they would surprise
their husbands witli, their knowledge oC
pugilism.
Hither of them would nn soon havo
thought of jumping into the Inl'o an
of being seen nt a prize ring, but hero
wns an opportunity to sec a'histoi to 11st
ie encounter in tin entirely respectublo
way. So they went. They didn't kndw
the ilrst thing about pugilistic terms,
nnd as the fight proceeded they dis
cussed it behind their fans in their own
artless way. They arrived between tho
ilrst nnd secoijd rounds und therefore
missed the introduction of the prin
cipals, the referee, etc, by the.iniurwho
docs the talking. They hud got fairly
settled in their seats as the met) faced
ouch other for the second round.
"There they arc. I wonder which In
JofTriesV"
"I think it's the buld-Jicadcd one.'
Look! there they go. What have they
got on their bunds?"
"I guess It's something to keep them
from skinning their knuckles. There!
Did you see tlint? Fitzslmmoun shipped
."IciTricH riglt in the fnce. I'll bet. that
Hindu liiiu mad."
"Who's that fellow in his shirt sleeves
that keeps dancing around and get
ting in the road?"
"That must bo some fellow who has
n whole lot of money bet. on the fight
nnd he's excited. I wonder they don't
make him go und sit down."
"There, look nt him. They were just
going to see which could throw tho
other one down and that crazy fellow
ran in hetwee nt them.
"He must lie pretty solid with tho
police or they would make him lie
linve. It's i. pity there's always some
body around to spoil the fun."
"Look there, .lelfries is on his linclu
Well, did you ever the other fellow
must have hit him, but I didn't sec t he
lick. There, he's up again. 1 wonder
which is Jeffries?"
"I'm pretty sure it's flic tali, bnld
hcaded one. The other fellow looloi
Irish, and 'Fitzsimmous' is mi Irish
name, isn't it?"
"I guess so."
"What's the matter now? One of
them's fainted, 1 guess. Sec, they're fan
ning him and rubbing his limbs. No,
they're fanning both of them. Oh, thiw
must bo the end of the first scene or
uct, or something."
"What's a round? Isn't there some
thing they cull a 'round?' "
"I've' heard them talk about around
of drinks.. I don't k'now; if, seems to
me there is such a thing as a 'round' in
fighting. I guess the round is thu in
termission between the acts." '
"There they go again. See how Fif,
Kiiumons holds his right urin over hist
chest und fights with his left hand
and keeps his head down. Why doesn't
he stand up and use both fists?"
"Don't ask me. 1 don't understand.
a thing about it. I can't see why that
long-legged fellow doesu't. kick the
other one in the stomach. There, down
goes Jeffries again. Up ho ' comes;
That's twice he's been on bin back.
The third fall is 'out,' isn't it?"
"I think so. What'sa base lilt?"
"I guess that's where they hit tho
solar plexus."
"And what's the solar plcxiiB?"
"I don't know."
"There, they're fuuuing them ngiiin.
How ninny rounds arc there in a fight?"
"I think it'K according to how long
it lasts. When one man is knocked
down three times, you know, lie's out
and the fight is over."
"Oh, I see."
"Well, they're fighting ngain and
there's that Idiot dancing around,
jumping between them every time thcy
arc about to haven real set-to. He must,
be the the do they hnvc an umpiro
injiiis game in prize fights, 1 menu'.""
"May he they do. I guess that's jt.
He's the umpire." ,
"Or course. What geese we are not
to know that."
And so they went on, commenting
on the various phases of ihc fight an
it progressed through the social
rounds, -musing now and then to won
der whether the bald-headed man real
ly was .leirries. When the final knock
out blow was delivered In the eleventh
round they were too much excited to
hear the man on the stage proclaim ,ef
frieK the winner, and not wishing to ev-
pose their ignorance they left the the-
"ter without being sure which one it.
"an that was "put out by being knocked
uowii uiree times." Hy t lie time thev
reached Kenwood they had speculated
on the identity of the fightcrsand other
puz.liug features of the contest n
much that they couldn't rcmembei-
tvll.-itl.iir tr ....... ji... I..I.II .
"" iiiiiuiieaiieii mau or
the other fellow that guarded with his.
right anil fought, with his left that
really got the worst of, it. "
It must havo been an Interesting oc
casion when they tried to purpriso0
their husbands wi(h their knowledge o"t
pugilism. Chicago Times-Iicruld. .'
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