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HANDY CHICKEN ROOST.
ArrntiKcil Si Tlint They Cnn lie Ivet
Duwii' When the limine In
Ilclnjf Clenncd.
In ninny poultry houses the manner
In which the roosts nrc placed in posi
tion is u source of annoyance when
time comes to clean out the house. Jn
order to avoid the diillculty of getting-
nrouuu under the roosts, b, thcyhould
be placed crosswise on n frame made of
about two by four-inch material, six
SWINGING HOOST.
feet wide mnd nearly .as long as tbcj
building in Which they wre to be placed
Hang the frame, a, ntnc side to the'
wall by benvy strap ur T-hingcs ami
support ithe other iidc by props, 3,
placed under it or a icouple of piece
of stout 'wire rope, c, hung from tbc
roof. Tbc roosts cunhen be let do win
out of t!he way whcnithe house is 1k
ing cleaned and they alao can be scrapnd
off and washed with lime, either with a
brush or spray pump. If both hotline
and roosts are whitewashed frequent
ly the Jilth will be lopsencd. A spray
pump is excellent to uec for this white
washing process. American Agricul
turist. GAPES IN CHICKENS.
To Efltcnt nl'crittnticitf.Cure the Prem
ium MilMt lie CLrJiroil if All
An Kle-Wanna.
As a .preventive of gapes it is neces
sary to rid the prcmuiUH of the common
red or angle-worm, as .their bodies are
usually infected wi.th the gape germ,
says a correspondent in Fancy Fowls.
Soon afier the Infected worm is swal
lowed by .u chick theape worm devcl
opes into a small raid colored worm
which crawls up in the throat and de
scends into the lower bronchial tubes,
thereby closing the air passage so as to
cause the patient to gape for lack of a
sufficiency of air, aiul causing death
within a short time if .the chick is not
relieved.
The boKt way to get rid of the angle
worm is to scatter a quantity of strong
lime all over the poultry runs or yards
early every spring, and you will never
have any more gapes in your flock.
I have done this for the past five years
and have mvrr had any eliicks infected
with this malady since '1 began the
use of lime.
Lime is also a good disinfectant and
destroys other disease germs and ver
min. The lime is also beneficial to lay
ing hens, as they get a portion of it in
picking up their foods as it aids in shell
formation.
When you notice one of your chicks
infected with gapes, if you will make
a pill of gum camphor about the size of
a small pea and force the patient to
swallow it, immediate relief will re
sult, as the gape worm cannot stand the
fumes of camphor.
Slniil' Trciitmeiit for Itoup.
If your fowls are affected with roup
T can recommend the following treat
ment as an infallible remedy: flo to
your druggist and purchase five or ten
cents worth of pei oxide of hydrogen.
If the affected bird's nostrils are
stopped up, clean them out, and with
a small syringe inject some of t?(e
bydrogen into them; also swab the
throat with a feather Miturated with
the hydrogen. Then take a small cloth
wet in the hydrogen and bathe the
bead, llepent this treatment two or
three times daily until the fowl is cured,
-which it will be in two or three days,
except in cases of long standing. 1 have
cured chickens that had the roup so
badly that their tongues were swollen
so that they were forced to hold their
beaks open, Agricultural Kpitomist.
The" Kluvor of K;k.
A vast difference exists in the flavor
of eggs, liens fed oji clear, sound grain
and kept on a clean grass run, give
much finer product than fowls that
have access to stable nnd manure heaps
and all kinds of filthy food, liens feed
ing on lish and onions flavor their eggs
accordingly, Just as cows eating onioifs
or cabbage and drinking offensive wa
ter impart a bad taste to the milk and
butter. The richer the food, the higher
the color of the eggs. Wheat and corn
BY,- eggs the btot color. Iturol World.
EARLY AND LATE CORN.
Farmer Should Plnnt Iluth ICInda
nnd Turn the I.lvc StoeU
Into the fc'lcltlft.
Farmers should plant corn both early
and late, some kind of tlint corn that
will ripen early, planting from' one to
ten acres according to the nmount of
stock kept, 3d place convenient to the
yard so tbe cattle and hogB can, be
turned in on It. Thru there should be
another piece to turn into when this is
eaten dowa. This may seem like a
slovenly -way of doing, but it should be
remembered the husking of the corn is
the mostxjxpcnsive part of growing the
crop. ttoosts from three to live cents
per bushel to husk and put it in the
crib and then it has to be shoveled out
again. Of course a part of the corn will
Uavettoibe hubbed to be fed lnteron in a
good.yiird, for'herc is where a great part
of the profit etimes in. Some may think
it coHts'too mneh to build fences to keep
todkiin (hu corn Ileitis, but a good fence
will Inst at lenst IS years. Thestoek can
be (turned in .the Held just aswnon us the
corn 'begins to glaze. Stock fed In this
way will gain faster tlinn when fed dry
conn, ibut enre should be taken not to
leave 'them in the Held too long at first.
1 They shoilKI not be turned into n field
df, green cum in a poor condition or the
mcflult might be damaging and the prof
ills. from feeding in this way lost. When
the corn in in proper condition Ho cut n
part-of itlie crop should be cut, either
with a machine or by hand, and .shocked
niioely in the field to be fed hrter with
out husking; this saves labor also, and
nuikes a nice lot of feed to be Jed out in
the wlrttrr. There is also a -good profit
in feeding sheep in the same way, that
is 'turntthem in the corn field 'in the fall
nndcut'up corn and feed them through
'the winter. 1 wintered 100heep in that
way 'hint winter and I never 'had sheep
do sovwell before, in order "to get the
most-profit Out of corn itis-nooessnry to
save n much labor as possible. There
are many ways of feedin-g corn at a
profit "this time of j'ear. Pastures arc
getting short for the dairy kjow and if a
little corn that was planted for that
purpose is cut and fed to lliccows every
night 'it will help out the pasture and
also 'fhe milk pail. There !is no doubt
but what there is more profit in feeding
thciiiorn on the farm if the farmer owns
his firrm and manages in ilie right, way,
but a 'renter on a farm for one year had
better sell his grain and other products.
George Tyler, in 1'rairic Farmer.
FARM FIRE LADDER.
On 'Tlint Cnn UnU-kly lie rut in Place
-Whenever XceoNMlt) May Oe-
iii ii ii (I I In Use.
Thcconstant danger that farm build
ings may take fire and have no ade
quate attention, owing to'fhe lack of
fire .apparatus and of men, makes' it Im
portant that all possible precautions lie
taken that incipient fires may promptly
be put out. A ladder for the roof is of
the greatest importance. The eul
FAHM FIRE LADDER.
shows one that can quickly be put in
place. It ih in tho form of a fruit lad
der at the toji, and has a small wheel at
the end, as shown. It cnn thus be
shoved up over the roof without catch
ing on the shingles. A hook is placed in
the position hown, so that the ladder,
when shoved up to the ridge, can he
turned over, when the hook will hold it
firmly in place. Make the ladder long
enough for any roof you have, and have
another that will reach any roof edge.
N. Y. Tribune.
POULTRY YARD HINTS.
Do not thresh all the oats and wheat.
Leave enough in the sheaf to keep the
poultry in exercise next winter. Noth
ing like it.
Very likely the old, house would be
the better of a new earth floor. Ie
move an inch or two (or more if needed)
of the old boil and replace with new.
Uo this now.
Quarters should before this have been
arranged for Jayiug pullets, so that dis
turbing them will not be necessary.
Once they begin to lay they should
never be moved, else the laying will bo
checked at once.
It is bad practice to feed fowls about
the stable door or to do anything to get,
them into the habit of frequenting the
barn and stables. Horses and hens
should be kept apart. Farm .'Journal.
Vliiterliij; IIcon In CellnrN. ,
An experiment is reported from Can
ada in wintering bees in which the
hives were placed six inches from the
floor nnd protected with a piece of old
woolen carpet placed under the wooden
cover. When placed in the cellar each
colony had .'!(; pounds of honey, which
proved more than sufficient for the win
ter, and' all the liives wintered success
fully. Tho temperature of the cellar,
shown by ji Bt'lf-registerlng- therniom- J
eter, remained Meadlh between 40 und
50 degrees Fahrenheit s
J2 ZTTfg''-r-
WISDOM OF MONROE.
How He Added Louisiana to Our
Domains.
llln IlnrKntn ,Tltl Nnpolrnn ltont
Iinrtc Wiw n Grout Victory for the
lSximiiMloulBta uf ICitrly
Aiiicrlcnn Dnyn,
tgpeclnl Washington Letter.
They who have never used the scapel
should not undertake to practice meiil
clne. They who have never studied law
should not net as law-givers and oracles
on jurisprudence. They who have never
studied international law should nut
attempt to act as oracles for the direc
tion of the foreign affairs of this re
public. These axioms are called forth by rea
son of the multifarious expressions of
editorial and oratorical opinion con
cerning the policies which our federal
government should pursue in our for
eign relations, our diplomatic affairs
and our increased responsibilities grow
ing out of the war with Spain.
When we have studied the history of
the finances and wars of a country we
have studied its diplomacy. Money Is
necessary to back diplomacy; and
diplomacy always falls back upon the
arbitrament of war for the enforcement
of Its conclusions. Hut diplomacy does
not cease when war begins. It goea on
just the same. Neutral nations ut once
begin with unofficial mediation, follow
ing it with, official mediation, for the
Welfare of all nations.
The history of the finances and wars
of this republic gives us the history of
the diplomacy of our country. The
precedents established will usually gov
ern primary conclusions In future di
plomacy, but precedents can always
be broken, by the will of the majority
of our people.
Upon the public platform and In the
editorial and news columns of our news
papers we hear and read all shades at
E fe Kfe.
. " 1. flr"v--L--i. - r-i r-c, . .-uv 'KrsT -i2iy?i'u-r'-i
$m!'' WZULEGk',. JEEEB
THE THREE LEADING CH.AItACTTR3 UT TTtK LOUISIANA PUItCHABB.
expression of opinion concerning ex
pansion and anti-expansion. People,
talk of it and write of it as though the
subject had all the newness and fresh
ness of no.eity, hut it is old as the hills.
Expansion began on April 30, ISO.'J, whein
France, in three separate treaties, ceded
to this republic the territory of Ixiiiis
ianii. and that event has became known
in history as "The Louisiana IMirc-liase."
The story of this historic occurrence
fornit. one of the most important and
interesting chapters in our national his
tory. It is very exhaustively treated of in
that remarkable book, "The Public-Domain,"
published under the authority
of the United States, and compiled by
Thomas Donaldson, a man of marvelous
research, lie devotes many pages to
an exhaustive history of the baying
from France of the vast pnvfince of
Louisiana, lie epitomizes the event
progressively leading to the coloniza
tion of that part of the province- which.
Is now the city of New Orleans as fol
lows: In 1511 I)e Soto reached the Mississip
pi river.
In 107.1 Father Marquette descended
the Mississippi to its mouth.
In 10S0 La Salle descended the Missis
sippi river and took possession of the
country adjacent to it in the name of
Louis XIV. of France, and called It
"Louisiana."
In lO'J'.l Leiuotnc d'Iberville founded
the first colony at Hiloxi, but dying soon
after, Ilenille took command.
In 1700 thes colonists made a new lo
cation on the site of what is now the
city of New Orleans. ,
In 1 T 1 1, September M, Louis IV. made
a grant to Antoiuc de Crozat, n mer
chant of Paris, who had n:na.scd a for
tune of .10,000,000 livres in the Indian
trade, the grant being for trading priv
ileges, President Jefierson, December 15,
1S02, notified the congress of the ces
sion of Louisiana, to France, nud of the
action of the Spanish authorities at
New Orleans. Keitcmeut ensued in
the congress, hut finally President Jef
ferson obtained the consent of the sen
ate to the confirmation of Mr. Monroe
(armed with ait appropriation of $2,000,
000) to proceed to France and, in con
nection with Mr. Livingston, minister
of the United States at Paris, to treat
with France for the cession of New Or
leans and. the Island of New Orleans and
Florida.
Mr. Liviirgston held to the opinion at
that time that the United States would
liefer heable Unacquire New Orleans)
ly treaty or purchase, and that it ought
to be taken, at once, by force. Mr. Mon
roe, upon arrival in France, found
Ilonapartc meditating on and in danger
of a rupture with (heat ltrltain. Junt
before his arrival M. Talleyrand had
requested Mr. Livingston to make an of
fer on behalf of the United States for
the province of Louisiana entire. This
was an authority he did not possess.
The intention of the United States, as
he understood, was to purchase only
New Orleans island, and the Floridas,
or the western part of them. These
negotiations were conducted under the
personal supervision of the first cousu!.
lie said he wanted money for war, that
he would cede the whole province of
Louisiana, and that he wanted 50,000,000
of francs for it. Secrecy was to be ob
served. Mr. Livingston refused to offer
more than .10,000,000 francs, and assert
ed that he had no power to treat for the
cession of the entire province.
It was supposed at that time that in
structions were issued to our ministers
that the treaty of cession by Spain to
France Included the entire province of
loulslaun and the Floridas, but it was
found shortly afterward that it ceded
Louisiana only. If France declined to
sell, our ministers were to open nego
tiations with (Ircat Britain, so as to
prevent France from taking possession
of the province. M. llarbc Morbois
(marquis of llarbc Morbois), who was
then at the head of the treasury of
France, had conducted the negotiations
with Mr. Livingston. He had formerly
been secretary of the French legation to
the United Slates, and was personally
known to Mr. Monroe.
Mr. Monroe arrived April IS, 1R0.1. M.
Morbois, the next day, asked imme
diate action. After consultation, the
two ministers, on behalf of the United
States, offered France 50,000,000 francs,
with nil offset in the shape of such
claims in favor of citixens of the United
Stntes against France as should he es
tablished, estimated at from 20,000,000
to 25,000,000 francs. This was declined.
The ministers of the United States were
embarrassed by the fact that the ten
der of territory was beyond their In-
slructious to buy or receive. Humors
of a large Unglish fleet sailing for
Louisiana for the purpose of capturing
it were rife, and the Knglish press was
urgent in demanding such action.
Houapartc had, uo doubt, intended
just before this period to send tho
French fleet, then at San Domingo, to
Louisiana, to receive and hold it. Her
uadottc, afterward king of Sweden,
was to lie the governor. The negotia
tions were entirely secret. Spain had
not yet transferred the province to the
possession of France, hi the treaty of
San Ildcfonse there waua provision for
reference to Spain in future disposi
tion. M. Murhoiu insisted upon 80,000,
000 francs, which was agreed to on con
dition that 20,000,000 francs of the sum
should be assigned to the payment of
cluiiua iwi by France to citizens of the
United States, if they should amount
to ho much.
It is said that when Houapartc gave
Instructions to M. Marbois in regard
to the cession, he stated that, from the
nature of the new combination forming
against Iiini in Kuropc, he was forced
to aell the entire province, or hold it
at a great sacrifice of men and money,
and, probably, bv compelled to see It
captured, lie preferred to transfer it
to the United States, adding that what
ever nation held the alley of the Mis
sissippi would eventually be the most
powerful on earth, nnd that consequent
ly he preferred a friendly nation should
possess it rather than an enemy of
Front.
The cession was made in three sep
arate treaties, on April .'10, !K(Ki. First,
a trwity of cession; next, a convention
stipulating method, manner and time
of payment of the purchase money;
and, la, a convention providing that
claims of citizens of the United States
against France were to be paid at the
United States treasury to the amount
of Si.750,000, on orders from the minis
ter of the United States to France,
which were to be given on the joint
judgment or conclusion oT the French
bureau to which these claims were re
ferred, and a board of three commis
sioners on behalf pf the United States
final decision, or rertifieatcs of dif
ference of opinion, to Nc in the minis.
tcrs ov nuance of France.
SMITH D. FUV.
An i: pin tint Ion o'i IIU Cquracc
Mnnuua--You must be u little man,
Johnny. Don't jou remember how
brave Tommy was when l took him to
the dentist's?"
Johnny (scornfully) uc nvur v.ai
there before.- Itrooklyu. Life. .
WOMEN SEE PRIZE FIGHT.
Tltry Tnlk Ahout It In Their Own l'c-
eullnr Viy nml Wtimler AVhy
the Men Don't Kick.
They were two nice women front
Kenwood. They had spent Oio morning
shopping and had lunched atone of tho
big State street stores.
They discussed tho various shows a
they sat at luncheon, and a happy
thought struck them. They would dro
into a certain theater and see the. Jc'f
friesFltzslmmous fight as reproduced
by tho cinematograph. Then koiiio
time in the future, they would surprise
their husbands with their knowledge oC
pugilism.
Hither of them would us soon htivo
thought of jumping into the luko iih
of being seen at a prize ring, but hero
was an opportunity to see a historic fist
ic encounter in an entirely respectable
way. So they went. They didn't know
the first tiling about pugilistic terms,
and as the fight proceeded they dis
cussed it behind their fans In their own
artless way. They arrived between tho
first mid second rounds and thereforo
missed the introduction of the prin
cipals, tho referee, etc, by the mutt who
docs the talking. They had got fairly
settled In their scats as the men faced
each other for the second round.
"There they are. 1 wonder which la
Jeffries V"
"I think it's the bald-headed one.'
Look! there they go. What have they
got on their lunula?"
"I guess It's something to keep them
from skinning their knuckles. There!
Did you see that? FltzslmmoiiH slapped
TeiTricH right in the face. I'll bet. that
made him mad."
"Who'a that fellow In Ids shirt sleeves
that keeps dancing around and get
ting in the road?"
"That must be Homo fellow who has
n whole lot of money bet on the fight
ami he's excited. I wonder they don't
make him go and sit down."
"There, look at him. They were just
going to see which could throw tho.
other one down and that crazy fellow
ran iu betweept them.
"He must bo pretty solid with tho
police or they would make him be
have. It's a pity there's always some
body around to spoil the fun."
"Look there. Jeffries is on ills hade
Well, did you ever the other follow
must have hit him, but I didn't see tho
lick. There, lie's up again. 1 wondor
which is Jeffries?"
"I'm pretty sure it's the tall, bald
headed one. The other fellow looktt
Irish, and 'Fitzslmmous' is an IrisU
name, isn't if?"
"J guess so."
"What's the matter now? One of
them's fainted, 1 guess. See, they're fan
ning him and rubbing his limbs. No,
they're fanning both of them. Oh, thin
must Do the end of the first bcoiio or
act, or something."
"What's a 'round?' Isn't there some
thing they call a 'round?' "
"I've heard them talk about a round
of drinks. I don't know; it seems to
mo there is such a thing as a 'round' in
lighting. I guess the round is the in
termission between the acts."
"There they go again. Sec how Fitz
KimmoiiH holds his right arm over hi
chest and fights with his left hand
and keeps his head down. Why doesn't
he stand up and use both fists?"
"Don't ask me. I don't understand
a thing about it. I can't see why that
long-legged fellow doesn't kick the
other one in the stomach. There, down
goes Jofl"ries again. Up ho " comes.
That's twice he's been on hf back.
The third fall is 'out,' Isn't it?"
"Ithinkso. What'sabaselilt?"
"I guess that's where they hit tho
solar plexus."
"And what's the solar plexus?" .
"I don't know."
"There, they're fanning them again.
How many rounds are there In a fight?"
J think it's according to how long
lasts. When one man Ik kiwlowi
it
down three times, you know, he's out
and the fight is over."
"Oh, I see."
"Well, they're, fighting again and
there's that idiot dancing around,
jumping between them every time they
are about to huvea real set-to. He must
be the- the- do they have an umpire
in this game in prize fights, J mean?"-
"May be they do. I guess that's jt.
IIc'h the umpire."
"Or course. What gec?c we are not
to know that."
And so they went on, commenting
on tlic various phases of the fight aa
it progi-ci-H-d through the sewrnl
rounds, pausing now and (hen to won
der whether the hald-hcadcd man real
ly was Jeffries. When the final knock
out blow was delivered in the eleventh
round (hey were too much excited to
hear the man on the stage proclaim Jef
fries the winner, and not wishing to ex
pose their ignorance they left the the
ater without being sure which one it.
was that was "put out by being knocked
down three times." Ily the time tfley
renched Kenwood they had speculated
on the identity of fhe fighters andother
puzzling features of the contest m .
much that they couldn't rcinciiibei
whethcr it wiih the-baldhcaded man or
the other fellow that guarded with his.
right and fought with his , .left that
really, got the worst or it.
It must have heeq an , interesting oo -va.siaii
when they tried to Piiriiriso
their husband with their knowledge of '
pugilism. Chicago Timcs-llcruld. ' '
. '
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